2018届一轮复习北师大版必修1Unit2Heroes学案(3) 23页

‎ ‎ 话题词汇 ‎1．achievement n．成就；成绩；功绩 ‎2．ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的 ‎3．background n．背景 ‎4．characteristic adj.典型的；独特的 ‎5．contribution n．贡献 ‎6．outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的 ‎7．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的 ‎8．be gifted at对……有天赋 ‎9．be enthusiastic about对……热心 ‎10．make efforts to do sth.努力做某事 经典语篇 为了纪念特蕾莎修女，某英文报社组织了一次作文比赛，请你根据以下要点，以 “Life of Mother Teresa”为题，写一篇100词左右的介绍特蕾莎修女的文章参赛。‎ ‎1．1910年生于南斯拉夫，20岁时去了印度当老师；1946年离开学校当了一名护士；‎ ‎2．她心地善良，在印度帮助穷人、病人、无家可归的人等；‎ ‎3．建学校和医院，到各地演讲，呼吁人们关心穷人；‎ ‎4．1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖。‎ 佳作欣赏 Life of Mother Teresa Mother Teresa is one of the greatest women in the world.‎ She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910.At the age of 20，she went to India.There she first worked as a teacher. ① However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and after that，she was trained to become a nurse. ②She was so kind that she began helping the poor，the sick and the homeless in India.Besides，Mother Teresa opened many schools and hospitals in poor countries.While she was traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble. ③ In 1979，she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the love and the service she had given to unfortunate people.‎ 思维发散 ‎1．将第①句改为复合句 At the age of 20，she went to India，where she first worked as a teacher.‎ ‎2．将第②句改为含有定语从句的复合句 However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school，after which she was trained to become a nurse.‎ ‎3．将第③句改为省略句 While traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble. ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.重点单词 A．写作单词 ‎1．calm (adj.)镇静的，沉着的 ‎(v.)(使)平静，(使)镇静 ‎(n.)平静的状态 ‎2．generous (adj.)慷慨的，大方的 ‎3．character (n.)人物；性格 characteristic (adj.)典型的，独特的 ‎(n.)特征，特点 ‎4．opinion (n.)意见，看法，主张 ‎5．personally (adv.)就自己而言 person (n.)个人 ‎6．equal (adj.)平等的 ‎(n.)平等的人(物)‎ ‎(v.)等于；与……匹敌 ‎7．compete (vi.)比赛，竞争 competition (n.)竞争，比赛 ‎8．fortunately (adv.)幸运地 fortunate (adj.)幸运的 fortune (n.)幸运；财产；命运 ‎9．relationship (n.)关系 relation (n.)关联；亲戚(关系)‎ ‎10．confident (adj.)自信的 B．阅读单词 ‎11．flight (n.)飞行；航班 fly (v.)飞 ‎12．explore (vt.)探测；勘探 exploration (n.)探测；探究 ‎13．peacefully (adv.)和平地，平静地 ‎14．atmosphere (n.)大气；气氛 ‎ ‎15．wave (vi.)挥手示意，致意 ‎16．revolution (n.)革命 revolutionary (adj.)革命的 ‎(n.)革命者 ‎17．found (vt.)建立，创立 ‎18．struggle (n.&v.)斗争，拼搏 ‎19．march (vi.&n.) 游行示威；行军 ‎20．brilliant (adj.)卓越的 brilliantly (adv.)鲜明地；才华横溢地 ‎21．skilful (adj.)灵巧的，熟练的 skill (n.)熟练；本领，技能 ‎22．useless (adj.)差劲的；无用的 useful (adj.)(反义词)有用的 ‎23．unusual (adj.)不平常的 usual (adj.)(反义词)通常的，寻常的 ‎24．champion (n.)冠军 championship (n.)冠军称号；锦标赛 ‎25．violence (n.)暴力，暴行 violent (adj.)暴力的；强烈的 ‎26．amazing (adj.)令人惊异的 ‎27．event (n.)竞赛；事件 ‎28．disaster (n.)灾难 ‎29．promote (vt.)促进，提升 promotion (n.)促销；促进 ‎30．injury (n.)伤害，损害 injure (v.)伤害，损害 ‎31．commit (vt.)犯(错误)，干(坏事)‎ ‎32．react (vi.)反应 ‎33．quality (n.)质量；品质 ‎34．admire (vt.)钦佩，羡慕 ‎35．dead (adv.)完全地，绝对地 deadly (adj.)致命的 ‎(adv.)极其，非常；死一般地 ‎36．absolutely (adv.)当然；绝对地 absolute (adj.)绝对的 Ⅱ.重点短语 ‎1．let out发出，放出(声音等)‎ ‎2．millions of数百万 ‎3．in one’s opinion在某人看来 ‎4．judge...by...依据……评判 ‎5．be strict with sb.对某人严格 ‎6．come to an end结束 ‎7．on one’s own独立地 ‎8．give up放弃 ‎9．come to do sth.开始(认识、理解)‎ ‎10. pull through使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关 ‎11．get on融洽相处；进展 ‎12．get involved with参加，参与 ‎13．far too太，极为 ‎14．come off it别胡扯 ‎15．commit suicide自杀 Ⅲ.经典句式 ‎1．The spaceship，called Shenzhou Ⅴ，was carrying China’s first astronaut，Yang Liwei.‎ 这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。‎ ‎2．Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely.‎ 在飞船安全着陆的时刻，全中国数百万人都在观看电视。‎ ‎3．Jennifer was in the kitchen，with her hands in a bowl of flour，when she saw a small boy climb into a truck.‎ 詹妮弗在厨房里，双手在面粉碗里，这时她看到一个小男孩爬进了一辆卡车。‎ ‎4．Brandi，the sisters’ mother，taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.‎ 布兰迪，这对姐妹的母亲，在家里教她的女儿们，使得她们在发展网球职业的同时也完成了高中学业。‎ ‎5．Give me a challenge and I’ll meet it with joy.‎ 给我一个挑战，我将高兴地面对它。‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 China’s first manned spaceship lifted 1.off in Jiuquan，Gansu Province.The spaceship，called Shenzhou Ⅴ，2.carried(carry) China’s first astronaut，Yang Liwei 3.who/that started training for his space flight in 1998.When the spaceship was doing its 4.seventh(seven) circle，Yang 5.showed(show) the flags of China and the United Nations,6.expressing(express) the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space ‎ 7.peacefully(peaceful)．As Yang returned into 8.the earth’s atmosphere，helicopters were flying to 9.where he would land，ready to collect him.When Yang climbed out of the spaceship，he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him.He said he thought 21 hours was too short 10.to stay(stay) in space.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1 ‎ calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静 (1)keep/be/stay calm保持镇静 (2)calm sb.down使某人平静下来 calm down平静(镇静)下来 ‎(1)We need to calm him down before he goes mad.‎ 在他发疯之前，我们一定要让他镇定下来。‎ ‎(2)Calm down！I have something important to announce.‎ 静一下！我有很重要的事情要宣布。‎ ‎[词义辨析]　calm，quiet，silent，still ‎(1)calm平静的，沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。‎ ‎(2)quiet宁静的，安静的，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。‎ ‎(3)silent寂静的，沉默的，指不说话或没有声音。‎ ‎(4)still静止的，不动的，指(人体等)不运动的。‎ 多维训练 用calm，quiet，silent，still的正确形式填空 ‎(1)Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.‎ ‎(2)He spoke no English and was completely silent during the visit.‎ ‎(3)Children find it difficult to sit still for very long.‎ ‎(4)The airlines have invested enormous sums in quieter，more efficient engine.‎ ‎2‎ character n.性格；个性；特点；品行；(小说、戏剧中的)人物；角色；文字，符号 (1)in character与某人的性格相符 out of character与某人的性格不相符 (2)characteristic adj.特有的；独特的；n.特性；特色 It is characteristic of sb.to do某人会做……‎ ‎……正是某人的作风(特点 ‎ (1)Mr.Bartman was a man of good character.‎ 巴特曼先生品德高尚。‎ ‎(2)What a sad character that Nigel is!‎ 奈杰尔真是个可悲的人哪！‎ ‎(3)Such behaviour is not in character for him.‎ ‎＝Such behaviour is out of character for him.‎ 这样的行为和他的性格不符。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)写出下列句子中character的汉语意思 ‎①At the last moment Tom decided to put in a new character to make the story seem more likely.角色 ‎②—The town is so beautiful！I just love it.‎ ‎—Me too.The character of the town is well preserved.特点 ‎(2)一句多译 忘记带礼物来正是他的特点。‎ ‎①It is characteristic of him to forget to bring a present.(characteristic)‎ ‎②It is typical of him to forget to bring a present.(typical)‎ ‎③It is like him to forget to bring a present.(like)‎ ‎3 ‎ equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in...)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于(be the same in...)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as...‎ ‎[应试指导]　equally写作关联词 (1)be equal in在……方面比得上 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；胜任……‎ on equal terms在对等的条件下 (2)without equal/have no equal无与伦比 ‎(1)Sixty minutes is equal to an hour.‎ 六十分钟等于一小时。‎ ‎(2)He is a player without equal.‎ 他是个无与伦比的运动员。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①He is equal to Tom in ability.‎ ‎②The two countries had a conversation on equal terms.‎ ‎(2)一句多译 他能胜任这项工作。‎ ‎①He is equal to the job.(equal)‎ ‎②He is up to the job.(up to)‎ ‎③He is fit for the job.(fit)‎ ‎④He is qualified to do/for doing the job.(qualified)‎ ‎4struggle vi.& n.斗争；拼搏；奋斗 (1)struggle against/with同……作斗争；与……抗争 struggle with...for...为争取……而与……作斗争 struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 struggle to do...努力做……；挣扎着做……‎ (2)a struggle for为争取……的斗争 ‎(1)We have to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.‎ 我们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。‎ ‎(2)She struggled to her feet and continued walking.‎ 她挣扎着站起来，继续走。‎ ‎(3)She struggled to get away from her attacker.‎ 她挣扎着想摆脱那个侵犯她的人。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Jennifer，having struggled(struggle) for weeks to find a job as a travel guide，finally turned out to be a salesgirl.(2015·江西重点中学联考)‎ ‎②In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.‎ ‎③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard(hear)．‎ ‎(2)根据提示语填空 Unluckily，the farmers have suffered a heavy drought this year.They have to ①struggle for(为……而努力) a living.They are ②struggling with/against(与……抗争) the bad weather for a better harvest.Anyway，they are ③struggling to(努力) increase their income.However，the financial crisis adds to their ‎ difficulties.As a result，they have to face ④the struggle for (争取……的斗争) existence.‎ ‎5‎ compete v.竞争；对抗；比赛 ‎[应试指导]　比较类写作高频词汇 (1)compete in...参加……的比赛 compete with/against与……竞争 compete for...为……角逐/竞争 (2)competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 (3)competitor n.竞争者；参赛者 (4)competition n.竞争，竞赛 in competition with与……竞争 ‎(1)Several companies are competing for the contract.‎ 为得到那项合同，几家公司正在竞争。‎ ‎(2)We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies.‎ 我们必须更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Banks and building societies are competing fiercely for business.‎ ‎②Her party is divided over whether to compete in the election.‎ ‎③Africa will compete with/against Asia.‎ ‎④We are in competition with some very large companies.‎ ‎(2)用compete的正确形式填空 ‎①The bank isn’t performing as well as some of its competitors.‎ ‎②Universities are very competitive for the best students.‎ ‎③There’s been some fierce competition for the title.‎ ‎6‎ promote v.促进；提升；宣传；促销 (1)promote...as...把……提升为/推广为……‎ promote sb.from sth.to sth.把某人从某职位提升到某职位 be promoted to...被升为……‎ (2)promotion n.提升，晋级；促销产品)‎ ‎(1)Milk promotes health.‎ 牛奶可增进健康。‎ ‎(2)His aim is to promote cycling as a safe，sustainable and environmental friendly means of getting about.‎ 他的目标是把自行车推广为一种安全、可持续而且环保的出行方式。‎ ‎(3)I was promoted to editor and then editorial director.‎ 我先是被提升为编辑，然后又晋升为编务总监。‎ 多维训练 用promote的正确形式填空 ‎(1)The new job is a promotion for him.‎ ‎(2)She worked hard and was promoted from a saleswoman to a manager.‎ ‎(3)It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of wellbeing.‎ ‎(4)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ ‎7‎ react v.作出反应；回应 (1)react to对……作出反应；回应 react with和……起化学反应 react against反对；反抗 (2)reaction n.反应；回应 ‎(1)They reacted violently to the news.‎ 他们对这条新闻反应强烈。‎ ‎(2)Calcium reacts with water.‎ 钙和水会发生化学反应。‎ ‎(3)Public reaction to the Jade Rabbit Mission has been largely positive in China.‎ 中国公众对玉兔探月项目的反应基本上是积极的。‎ 多维训练 单句语法填空 ‎(1)We reacted against the limitations of us.‎ ‎(2)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.‎ ‎(3)Many plants could move northward and toward the Pacific coast in reaction(react) to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall.‎ ‎8‎ involve v.包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；参与；使参加(卷入) ‎[应试指导]　involved作前置定语和后置定语的不同含义 be/get involved in卷入；专注于 involve...in...使卷入……；使专注于……‎ involve with和……混在一起；和……有密切关系 involve doing...包含做……‎ ‎(1)She wants to be involved in every area of your life.‎ 她想参与你生活中的方方面面。‎ ‎(2)He was involved in working out a plan.‎ 他专心致志地制订计划。‎ ‎(3)Don’t involve yourself with those people.‎ 不要和那些人混在一起。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ involved作前置定语时意为“复杂的，混乱的，难解的”；作后置定语时意为“有关的”。例：‎ the problem involved所涉及的问题 the involved problem复杂的问题 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①We’ll make our decision and contact the people involved(involve)．‎ ‎②The test will involve answering(answer) questions about a photograph.‎ ‎③I don’t want my son to be involved with criminals.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 You’d better not get involving in what they are arguing about.involving→involved ‎9‎ admire vt.钦佩；赞赏；欣赏；羡慕 (1)admire sb.for sth.因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人 (2)admiration n. [U]赞美；赞赏；钦佩；[C]令人赞美的人或物 with/in admiration羡慕地；钦佩地 in admiration of赞赏；欣赏 (3)admirable adj.令人钦佩的；值得赞美的；绝妙的；极好的 ‎(1)I admire her for her bravery.‎ 我佩服她的勇敢。‎ ‎(2)With admiration I went to interview the girls from Beijing.‎ 带着敬佩的心情我去采访这群来自北京的女孩。‎ ‎(3)She paused in admiration of the beautiful view.‎ 她驻足观赏这美丽的景色。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ ‎(1)admire后不接双宾语或that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的从句。‎ ‎(2)admire后不接带不定式的复合结构，即不说admire sb.to do...，可用admire sb./ sb.’s doing...。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Maria looked at the skirt with/in admiration.‎ ‎②While still at primary school，Rowan had already shown admirable(admire) acting talent.‎ ‎③He won the admiration (admire) of people.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①I admire him his bravery.him后加for或去掉him ‎②I admire that how well she speaks English.去掉that ‎③They all admired him behave so bravely.behave→behaving ‎10‎ come to do sth.开始(认识、理解) come to总计；(看法，主意)被某人想出；苏醒 come to a conclusion/a decision/an agreement得出结论/作出决定/达成一致意见 come to an end结束 come to oneself恢复常态 when it comes to...当谈到/涉及……‎ ‎(1)How did you come to know him?‎ 你是怎么认识他的？‎ ‎(2)The bill comes to 100.‎ 这张账单金额总计100美元。‎ ‎(3)The idea came to me in the bath.‎ 我在洗澡的时候想到了这个主意。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)When the man came to，he found himself in a hospital bed.‎ 当这个男人苏醒过来时，他发现自己在医院的床上。‎ ‎(2)The shock made her hesitate for a moment but she quickly came to herself again.‎ 这件惊人的事使她犹豫了一下，但很快她就恢复了常态。‎ ‎(3)I’m as good a cook as she expects when it comes to making pastry.‎ 当涉及做油酥糕时，我是一个像她期待的那样的好厨师。‎ ‎(4)Both sides have come to an agreement.‎ 双方已经达成了一致意见。‎ ‎(5)Ready or not，some day it will all come to an end.‎ 不管你是否做好了准备，终有一天一切都会结束。‎ ‎11‎ pull through使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关 get through通过；接通电话；用完,look through浏览；往……里面看 break through冲破；突破 see through看穿；识破 go through经历，经受；仔细查看；(法律等)通过；用完；浏览 ‎(1)I believe that you can pull through.‎ 我相信你能够渡过难关。‎ ‎(2)She was able to get through to me by email.‎ 她通过电子邮件能和我联系上。‎ ‎(3)I always start the day by going through my mail.‎ 我每天总是先看邮件。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)用through短语的正确形式填空 ‎①They will never forget the experience they went through last year.‎ ‎②Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.‎ ‎③We finally broke through the unfriendly atmosphere.‎ ‎④Look through this proposal for me，and tell me what you think of it.‎ ‎⑤It is not easy to see through a false friend.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 Before being put into practice，we have to go through with all the details of the project plan.去掉with ‎12‎ get on/along融洽相处；进展 get about/round传播；流传；四处走动,‎ get across讲清楚；被领会 get down to开始认真做 get over克服；控制；恢复过来 ‎(1)Besides，I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.而且，我容易相处，也喜欢交朋友。‎ ‎(2)I must get down to study tonight，as I have gotten an exam next week.‎ 我今晚必须开始认真学习，因为下周要考试。‎ 多维训练 短语填空 get along with，get round，get across，get over ‎(1)News soon got round that he had resigned.‎ ‎(2)No matter how I explain，I just can’t get it across to her.‎ ‎(3)They got over many difficulties in their English study.‎ ‎(4) —How are you getting along with your study?‎ ‎—Quite well.I got an “A” in a math exam.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13‎ opinion n.意见；见解；信念；看法；主张 多维训练 一句多译 在他看来，这是一本好书。‎ ‎(1)In his opinion，this is a good book.(opinion)‎ ‎(2)According to him，this is a good book.(according)‎ ‎(3)As far as he is concerned，this is a good book.(concerned)‎ ‎(4)In his judgement，this is a good book.(judgement)‎ ‎(5)In his (point of) view，this is a good book.(view)‎ ‎14‎ protest n.抗议；反对；v.抗议；反对；申辩 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①If I have to do it，I shall do it under protest.‎ ‎②At that meeting one of the ministers walked out in protest.‎ ‎③We cannot pass this matter without protest.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 She protested her innocence.(改为复合句)‎ She protested that she was innocent. ‎ ‎15‎ useless adj.差劲的；无用的；无效的 多维训练 ‎(1)用use短语的正确形式填空 ‎①When did the umbrella come into use?‎ ‎②Turn off everything not in use：lights，TVs，computers.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 The technology is useless if you aren’t trained to operate it.(用“be of＋n.”改写)‎ The technology is of no use if you aren’t trained to operate it.‎ ‎16‎ amazing adj.令人惊异的；令人吃惊的 多维训练 ‎(1)用amaze的正确形式填空 ‎①Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals itself after an injury?‎ ‎②The world watched London in amazement.‎ ‎③I was amazed to learn she was still writing her stories.‎ ‎(2)一句多译 使他惊奇的是，这只蜜蜂开始跳起舞来。‎ ‎①To his amazement，the bee began to perform a dance.(to one’s amazement)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②What amazed him was that the bee began to perform a dance.(what引导的主语从句)‎ ‎③He was amazed to find the bee began to perform a dance.(be amazed to do...)‎ ‎17‎ fortunately adv.幸运地 多维训练 用fortune的正确形式填空 ‎(1)Don’t leave that to fortune.‎ ‎(2)Central London is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.‎ ‎(3)I was late，but fortunately the meeting hadn’t started.‎ ‎18‎ injury n.伤害；损害；伤口 多维训练 用injure的正确形式填空 ‎(1)The driver of the car received serious injuries to the legs and arms.‎ ‎(2)The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin was swimming.‎ ‎(3)She injured herself while skating.‎ ‎(4)A bottle of acid flew into the streets，injuring 24 people.‎ ‎19‎ confident adj.自信的；肯定的，有把握的 多维训练 单句语法填空 ‎(1)She hasn’t got enough confidence(confident) to do the job alone.‎ ‎(2)The government is confident of winning the next term of office.‎ ‎(3)We should encourage him to have confidence in himself.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎20 ‎ The spaceship，called Shenzhou Ⅴ，was carrying China’s first astronaut，Yang Liwei.,这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。‎ 句型公式：过去分词(短语)作定语 过去分词(短语)作定语，和被修饰的词之间往往是被动关系，并且表示动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的词前面；过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰的词后面。‎ ‎(1)At that time，such a thing was a forbidden topic to be talked about.‎ 那时，这样的事情是一个被禁止谈论的话题。‎ ‎(2)The broken glass is Tom’s.‎ 这个被打坏的杯子是汤姆的。 ‎ ‎(3)I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.‎ 我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。‎ 多维训练 单句语法填空 ‎(1)The excited(excite) boys are opening their Christmas presents.‎ ‎(2)His face wore a puzzled(puzzle) expression.‎ ‎(3)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎(4)The arrived(arrive) soldiers are busy camping.‎ ‎(5)A trained(train) nurse is wanted.‎ ‎21 ‎ We were driving along a country lane when suddenly a car drove past us.我们正行驶在一条乡间小路上突然有一辆车从我们旁边经过。‎ 句型公式：be doing...when...‎ (1)be doing...when...正在做……这时……‎ (2)be about to do...when...正要做……此时……‎ (3)had just done...when...刚做了……这时……‎ (4)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……‎ ‎(1)I was taking a bath when someone knocked at the door.‎ 我正在洗澡，这时有人敲门。‎ ‎(2)The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.‎ 小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started.‎ 我们正在湖里游泳这时突然暴风雨来了。‎ ‎②She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.‎ 昨天她刚刚完成作业这时母亲叫她练习弹钢琴。‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①We had just begun to work while the machine broke down.while→when ‎②I was about to informing you of the sudden change when an unexpected visitor came.informing→inform ‎22 ‎ Jennifer was in the kitchen，with her hands in a bowl of flour，when she saw a small boy climb into a truck.詹妮弗在厨房里，双手在面粉碗里，这时她看到一个小男孩爬进了一辆卡车。‎ 句型公式：with复合结构 with her hands in a bowl of flour为“with＋复合宾语”作状语。‎ ‎“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：‎ (1)with＋宾语＋介词短语 (2)with＋宾语＋doing (3)with＋宾语＋done (4)with＋宾语＋to do (5)with＋宾语＋adj.‎ (6)with＋宾语＋adv.)‎ ‎(1)He stood at the door，with a computer in his hand.‎ 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。‎ ‎(2)He stood in the rain，with his clothes wet.‎ 他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。‎ ‎(3)With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.‎ 美丽的月亮挂在夜空中，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。(2013·辽宁)‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①With winter coming(come) on，it’s time to buy warm clothes.‎ ‎②With all the things she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily.‎ ‎③With nothing to do(do)，Tom sleeps at home.‎ ‎(2)用with复合结构改写下列句子 ‎①The 2017 college entrance examination is drawing near，so the students feel great pressure.‎ With the 2017 college entrance examination drawing near，the students feel great pressure.‎ ‎②After she took a great weight off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.‎ With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.‎ ‎(3)单句改错 ‎①With time goes by，I gradually realize the importance of health.goes→going ‎②By the old man leading the way，we started towards the forest.By→With ‎③The man was brought in，with his hands tying.tying→tied ‎23 ‎ Give me a challenge and I’ll meet it with joy.,给我一个挑战，我将高兴地面对它。‎ 句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 ‎“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。‎ ‎ (1)Quit smoking，or you may ruin your health.‎ 要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。‎ ‎(2)One more effort，and you’ll succeed.‎ 再努力一下，你会成功。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Give me a chance，and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎②Seize the chance，or you won’t have one any more.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 ‎①Lend her a hand，and she will be grateful to you.(用含有条件句的复合句改写)‎ If you lend her a hand，she will be grateful to you.‎ ‎②Work hard，and you will succeed.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎ Working hard，you will succeed. ‎ ‎——单句语法填空 ‎ (1)—Remember how we met for the first time，Dick?‎ ‎—Of course I do.You were walking (walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and didn’t notice (not，notice) me.‎ ‎(2)When you are home，give me a call to let me know you have arrived (arrive) safely.‎ ‎(3)The construction of this building started two years ago，but it has not been completed(not，complete) so far due to various reasons.‎ ‎(4)Bob would have helped us yesterday，but he was (be) busy.‎ ‎(5)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came (come) on the market in 1973.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1．They gave money to the old people’s home either personally(亲自) or through their companies.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎2．Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore(探索) new ways of language teaching and learning.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎3．My teacher may think I am excellent and I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident(自信的)．(2015·湖南)‎ ‎4．The first city was probably founded(建立) no more than 5,500 years ago.(2013·北京)‎ ‎5．From the last paragraph，we can learn that multitaskers usually fail to react(反应) quickly to potential dangers.(2013·北京)‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎2．In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎3．The truth is，after years of balking，I’ve come to enjoy(enjoy) my walks with Misty.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎4．It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics(character)．(2015·广东)‎ ‎5．From the teacher’s point of view，reading involves understanding(understand) every little piece of information.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎6．The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015·天津)‎ ‎7．Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand(understand) the tasks.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎8．By now paramedics(急救人员) had arrived，and were attending to the injured(injure) woman.(2014·福建)‎ ‎9．“Once I get a promotion(promote)，I’ll be happy，”they think.(2012·江苏)‎ ‎10．I hope you’ll soon feel calmer(calm) and carry on as normal.(2014·安徽)‎ Ⅲ.短语填空 on one’s own，give up，get along，far too，in one’s opinion，millions of，pull through，get involved in ‎1．As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.(2015·湖南)‎ ‎2．I enjoyed，for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.(2015·湖北)‎ ‎3．I don’t want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame.‎ ‎4．Its 630,000 inhabitants(居民) are increasingly convinced that the 14 million visitors a year are far too much of a good thing.(2014·陕西)‎ ‎5．The doctor told him to take it easy and it would pull through soon.‎ ‎6．Our class is made up of 52 students，all of whom are friendly and hardworking.There is no doubt that you can get along well with them.(2015·天津)‎ ‎7．In my opinion，those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success.(2014·广东)‎ ‎8．I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.(2014·福建)‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me.‎ 一天早晨，我正想穿过Altrincham路，这时一个骑自行车的人绕过我。(2015·湖南)‎ ‎2．A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.‎ 读者可以享有一个间接的经历而无需经历与之相关的任何危险或压力。(2015·江苏)‎ ‎3. If so，they will make great progress in their study.‎ 如果这样的话，他们将在学习中取得更大进步。(2015·广东)‎ ‎4．Look at the photos，illustrations，title and heading and you can guess what the reading is about.‎ 看这些照片、插图和标题，你就可以猜出这篇阅读材料是关于什么的。‎ ‎5．They not only offer you joy and excitement，but also encourage you to think critically.‎ 它们不仅能够给你提供快乐，还能鼓励你辩证地思考。(2015·天津)‎ ‎ ‎ 写作素材 (关于太空探索)‎ ‎1．联合国向所有国家发出倡议，要平等的利用太空，探索太空。‎ ‎2．中国已成功地发射过几次载人飞船，并且宇航员实现了太空漫步，这是零的突破。‎ ‎3．中国在2013年12月2日发射了嫦娥三号，这是中国探月工程的项目之一。‎ ‎4．我们自信在不久的将来会有中国人登上月球。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用which引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句。‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)‎ The United Nations proposed that all countries should use and explore space equally.China has launched manned spaceship for several times and the astronauts carried out spacewalk，which is a zero breakthrough.On December 2nd,2013 China launched Chang’e3，which is one of Chinese Lunar Exploration Programs.We are confident that in the near future we Chinese will set foot on the moon.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(建议用时7′)‎ Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity.But，it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try.‎ J．K.Rowling，author of the Harry Potter book series，began writing at the age of 6.In her biography，she ‎ remembers with great fondness when her good friend Sean，whom she met in secondary school，became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.‎ ‎“He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition to be a writer.He was also the only person who thought I was bound to be a success at it，which meant much more to me than I ever told him at the time.”‎ Despite many setbacks，Rowling persevered in her writing，particularly fantasy stories.But it wasn’t until 1990 that she first conceived the idea about Harry Potter.As she recalled，it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into her head.“To my immense frustration (沮丧)，I didn’t have a functioning pen with me，and I was too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one.I think，now，that this was probably a good thing，because I simply sat and thought，for four (delayed train) hours，and all the details bubbled up in my brain，and this scrawny，blackhaired，bespectacled(戴眼镜的) boy who didn’t know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.”‎ That same year，her mother passed away after a tenyear battle with multiple sclerosis，which deeply affected her writing.She went on to marry and had a daughter，but separated from her husband shortly afterwards.‎ During this time，Rowling was diagnosed with clinical depression.Unemployed，she completed her first novel in area cafes，where she could get her daughter to fall asleep.After being rejected by 12 publishing houses，the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small British publishing house.‎ Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages，J.K.Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history.And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend!‎ ‎1．Rowling first came up with the idea about Harry Potter .‎ A．at the age of 6‎ B．on a train journey C．after her mother’s death D．in her secondary school 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句“As she recalled，it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into her head.”可知答案选B。‎ ‎2．It can be concluded from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that Rowling is .‎ A．openminded B．warmhearted C．goodnatured D．strongwilled 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第五、六段的叙述，Rowling经历了众多磨难——其母去世、结婚生女后与丈夫分居、被诊断为抑郁症、其小说被12家出版商拒绝，但她仍坚持下来并最终成功，说明Rowling是意志坚强的人，故答案选D。‎ ‎3．The text mainly tells us .‎ A．hardship makes a good novelist B．the courage to try is a special ability C．you can have a wonderful idea everywhere D．encouragement contributes to one’s success 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。纵观全文特别是前两段可知，这篇文章主要介绍Rowling受到一位朋友的鼓励，最终成为著名的作家的故事。故答案为D。‎ B ‎(建议用时7′)‎ ‎2016 International Summer School The 2016 University of Cambridge International Summer Schools will run in Cambridge from 6 July to 22‎ ‎ August 2016.Our programs give you the opportunity to meet awardwinning lecturers，stay and dine in one of the historic Cambridge Colleges and enjoy a range of weekend excursions(游览) and social activities.To sign up for a program simply apply online，or download an application form from our website.‎ Places on courses and incollege accommodation are limited，so we encourage applicants to apply early to avoid disappointment.‎ This year we will be offering specialist programs in: Ancient Empires，Science，Literature，History，Shakespeare，Medieval Studies and new for 2016，Creative Writing and Hanseatic League.If you are looking to study a number of different subject areas，the Interdisciplinary Summer School is ideal.It is divided into three terms，Interdisciplinary Summer School Term Ⅰ，Interdisciplinary Summer School Term Ⅱ and Interdisciplinary Summer School Term Ⅲ，covering a wide range of subjects including archaeology，politics，philosophy，economics，literature，history and international relations.You can opt to do one or two terms.But most students choose all the three terms.‎ The Cambridge English for Academic Purposes program combines a twoweek intensive (强化)language course with a twoweek academic program.This allows students to put into practice the language skills they have learned during the first two weeks of the program.Applicants will also have the opportunity to sign up for weekend excursions and take part in various events.‎ If you want to join us in 2016，please click here to download a copy of brochure(手册)．If you want to find out more information about 2016 International Summer School，you can visit www.ice.cam.ac.uk/intsummer.(CLICK HERE)‎ What our students say ‎“The entire experience was even better than I expected.I absolutely loved it.” Sally，USA “I believe that the Science International Summer School was a fulfilling experience.I think that everyone should attend this Summer School at least once in a lifetime.” Dominika，Poland.‎ ‎4．What should people do if they want to sign up for a program in this ad?‎ A．They should go to Cambridge by plane.‎ B．They should phone Cambridge.‎ C．They should apply for the program online.‎ D．They should call for an application form.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“To sign up for a program simply apply online...”可知要报名参加一个项目需要在线申请。故选C。‎ ‎5．Why are the applicants encouraged to apply early?‎ A．The earlier they apply，the less they will pay.‎ B．There are not enough places for the courses or incollege accommodation.‎ C．If they apply late，they have to live out of Cambridge College.‎ D．The reason is not mentioned in the passage.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Places on courses and incollege accommodation are limited，so we encourage applicants to apply early to avoid disappointment.”可知因为课程和校内的住处是有限的，因此为了避免失望，申请者要尽早申请。故选B。‎ ‎6．What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3?‎ A．To choose to do something.‎ B．To avoid doing a duty.‎ C．To decide not to be part of a group.‎ D．To decide on something.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据前文中的“It is divided into three terms...‎ ‎”可知这些课程被分成了三个学期，联系下文“to do one or two terms”及后一句“But most students choose all the three terms.”可知此处指的是可以选择一个或两个学期。故选A。‎ ‎7．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?‎ A．All the programs include a twoweek intensive English course.‎ B．Applicants can enter for weekend excursions and take part in various events.‎ C．Applicants can choose both the twoweek courses.‎ D．Applicants can live in the college for free.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Applicants will also have the opportunity to sign up for weekend excursions and take part in various events.”可知申请者可以参加周末远足和各种活动。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空(建议用时10′)‎ Aesop(伊索) was a slave living around 550 BC.We call the stories he wrote fables，as every story has a moral.Almost all the fables he wrote are 8.humorous(humor) and entertaining，appealing to people 9.of all ages.To date，Aesop’s fables 10.have been translated(translate) into many languages and are known all over the world.Not only 11.have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1500 years，but 12.expressions(express) from them have entered various languages.‎ One fable，for instance，is about a farmer who was driving his cart along a country road.The cart got 13.stuck(stick) in the mud，but the farmer made 14.no/little effort to get it out.Instead，he began to pray to the gods for help.The god Hercules finally appeared and told 15.the man to get busy and push 16.it.“Push your shoulder to the wheel.” Hercules advised.‎ The moral of the story is clear.We mustn’t rely on others for help.Another saying which has come from the fable is “God helps those 17.who help themselves.”‎ Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时9′)‎ In our daily life，music plays important part.It can give us energy and making us happy.There is many kinds of music，such as country music，R&B，rock music and so on.Different people have different idea about music.Betty enjoys listen to the music that she can dance to，because she enjoys dancing.John likes rock music and dance music.He thinks that them are interesting.Jane likes listening to some relaxed music.She likes country music a lot of，because it is easy to learn，and this kind of music is usual about our lives.What about you? What kind of music did you prefer?‎ 答案 In our daily life，music plays ∧an important part.It can give us energy and makingmake us happy.There isare many kinds of music，such as country music，R&B，rock music and so on.Different people have different ideaideas about music.Betty enjoys listenlistening to the music that she can dance to，because she enjoys dancing.John likes rock music and dance music.He thinks that themthey are interesting.Jane likes listening to some relaxedrelaxing music.She likes country music a lot of ，because it is easy to learn，and this kind of music is usualusually about our lives.What about you? What kind of music diddo you prefer?‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时25′)‎ ‎(2016·广东广州实验中学高三段考)‎ 假如你是李华，在“十一”国庆节假期期间，你与你们学校国际部学生一同前往美国亚特兰大某中学进行为期一周的访问交流活动。你于10月1日入住Travel Inn Atlanta 202房间，6日退房。你回家后发现一个中等大小的黑色背包遗失在那里，内有几本参考书，一部白色iPad，一张信用卡和少量现金。请用英文给该酒店的经理写一封信，请他帮忙寻找并寄回。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当地增加细节，使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头语和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I’m so grateful for your good service during my stay in Travel Inn Atlanta， ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Thank you for anything you can do for me.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I’m so grateful for your good service during my stay in Travel Inn Atlanta，but I’m writing to ask you to do me a favor to find and send back my pack left in your hotel.‎ I checked in on Oct.1 and out on Oct.6.Setting off in a rush to the airport，I left my pack in Room 202.It’s a mediumsized，black backpack containing some reference books for my midterm examination，a white iPad，a credit card and some cash.All in the pack matters to me，especially the iPad，a precious gift from my father on my 15th birthday.‎ If you find it，would you please post it to me? The address is on the envelope.I would appreciate it if you could give me your earliest reply.‎ Thank you for anything you can do for me.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎（二）‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(建议用时8′)‎ Reading is a great way to improve your English.You’ll learn new words，revise previouslytaught structures and absorb thousands of useful expressions and phrases...without any effort.By reading，you are receiving valuable language input.And this is how you learn！Remember，language learning is a combination of input＋practice.As you’re reading，you’re taking in language naturally，and you’re seeing how it all fits together.This is crucial to your learning.‎ The great thing about reading is that learning takes place subconsciously.There are no exercises to do，no grammar rules to learn，no tasks to complete...It’s all natural.The language flows in through your eyes，and gets registered(记录) in your brain.What could be easier?‎ The key to effective reading is to read things that you want to read.There are millions of books，magazines and websites out there.You couldn’t possibly read them all.So，the important thing is to find things that you like reading.Then，you’ll be motivated to read.And then the reading won’t be difficult.It’ll be easy！And then you’ll learn.It’s simple.‎ Remember：read what you want to read，what you like reading，or what motivates and inspires you.But where can you start？Well，you could read a book that you’ve already read in your own language.Simply find a translated version of a book that you have read and enjoyed.This will make processing the content in the target language much easier as you’ll already know what the book is about！You could also read the news.This is great as you can read the news in your own language first，then in English.You’ll see that it won’t be too difficult as you’ll be familiar with the topics and stories.Magazines are also great.Find one that covers a topic you’re interested in: business，clothing，guns，horses，houses，housekeeping，stocks and shares，sports，computers，electronics，designing，cooking...You name it，and they’ll have it.If not，look for information on the Internet.There are also websites for every topic under the sun！Why not join a forum？They’re a great source of English input as the language is often written in a simple，spoken style.Go to Google Groups，which has discussion groups based on common interests.Just type in the topic that interests you and join the chat.‎ Finally，how you read is also important.The best thing is to read without using a dictionary.Let the words ‎ flow over you.Just skip the parts you don’t understand.If you make your reading feel too much like work，it’ll stop being fun.Of course，you could make a note of any new words and phrases that you like or see repeated frequently，but try not to break your concentration too much.Also，set yourself miniobjectives.For example，if you’re reading a novel，read 20 pages a day.Very soon，you’ll have been exposed to thousands of useful phrases and words.Have fun reading！You’ll learn so much!‎ ‎1．The underlined word “crucial” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”．‎ A．easy B．difficult C．important D．suitable 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知在学习语言过程中自然而然地领会语言是至关重要的。所以crucial在这里表示“重要的”。故选C。‎ ‎2．The key to effective reading is .‎ A．to be motivated to read B．not to learn grammar rules C．to read millions of books D．to read easy things 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So，the important thing is to find things that you like reading.Then，you’ll be motivated to read.”可知有效阅读的关键是有兴趣和动力去阅读。故选A。‎ ‎3．From the passage we can learn that .‎ A．to read is as much fun as to work B．the great thing about reading is that you can read without any effort C．when you read you needn’t look up every new word in the dictionary D．you should make notes of every new word and phrase while reading 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知当你阅读时，你不必在字典里查新单词。故选C。‎ ‎4．The best title of the passage can be .‎ A．How to Read English Novels B．How to Learn English by Reading C．How to Absorb Expressions and Phrases D．How to Learn English Without Any Effort 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。 根据首句“Reading is a great way to improve your English.”以及下文讲的改进英语阅读的方法可知全文的主题是讲如何通过阅读来学习英语。‎ B ‎(建议用时8′)‎ Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year，and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India，according to new research.The authors estimate that without government intervention，the total number of deaths could double by 2050.‎ The study，published in the journal Nature，identifies particulate matter(悬浮微粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality.Particulate matter，a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air，is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter.Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.‎ The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.In India and China，the study says，emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke.Overall，residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollutionrelated deaths worldwide.‎ In highly regulated areas，like the United States，Europe and Japan，emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution.Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere，‎ a process that creates harmful particulate matter.Globally，air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually，the study finds.‎ The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.‎ The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes，according to study author Jos Lelieveld.People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods，he said.‎ ‎“It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy use，” Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists.“You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking，but you can provide better technologies.”‎ Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer，stroke and heart failure，according to the study.Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health.Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.That risk is especially high for heart disease；the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.‎ Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies.Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia，according to the report.‎ ‎5．Which of the following contributes to the air pollution? ‎ A．Particulate matter. B．Ozone.‎ C．Smoke. D．Both A and B.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和最后一句，可知悬浮微粒和臭氧导致了空气污染。故选D。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is NOT true? ‎ A．Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollutionrelated deaths worldwide.‎ B．7 million deaths occur annually due to air pollution.‎ C．Air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually.‎ D．The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Overall，residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollutionrelated deaths worldwide.”可知住宅供暖排放物导致了世界范围内三分之一的与空气污染相关的死亡事件。故选项A说法错误。分别根据第五段、第四段最后一句和第三段第一句可知B、C、D三项说法正确。‎ ‎7．What might air pollution lead to?‎ A．Lung cancer. B．Stroke.‎ C．Heart failure. D．All above.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer，stroke and heart failure，according to the study.”可知空气污染最后会导致肺癌，中风，心力衰竭。故选D。‎ ‎8．What can be inferred from the article?‎ A．Residential energy use should be stopped.‎ B．Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.‎ C．The number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 due to air pollution.‎ D．It is urgent for the government to take action.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。阅读短文可知这篇短文重点介绍了中国的空气污染问题以及空气污染的严重危害。对于政府来说迫切地需要采取行动。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空(建议用时17′)‎ In high school I had a math teacher，Mrs.Davies，who took her job seriously and expected her students to put forth the same degree of commitment.Strict but fair，she held our attention with her timeproven approach.One of her 9 was for students who were more advanced academically.I chose to 10 it and soon realized that the course was a bit over my head.I 11 with the complex problems that others seemed to learn without much effort.‎ One Friday we were tested 12 our ability to use a theorem(定理) that no one in the class thoroughly understood.The teacher would 13 our papers based on our ability to progress through the problem which easily filled two pages of formulaic notations(公式符号)．I was absolutely 14 .Finally，I didn’t use the required theorem.Instead，I decided to use more familiar theorems to arrive at an 15 .I knew I had failed because I hadn’t done the 16 assignment.I became resigned to my fate.‎ Our test papers were 17 back the following Monday.Everyone received a “C” except me.To my surprise，I received an “A”．I 18 that there must be a mistake.I watched 19 as the teacher approached my desk，smiled，and asked for my test 20 back.She then went back to copy my work onto the blackboard， 21 the class how I had arrived at the correct answer.“Mathematics is meant to be a creative tool，pushing our minds to a rewarding answer，” she said with confidence. 22 I didn’t use the required theorem，she seemed genuinely proud of how I’d worked through the problem.The class saw her fold my test paper and put it into her textbook.She announced that it would be 23 with future classes.‎ My teacher would have been justified in giving me a 24 grade.Instead，she used the 25 to deeply influence a student who often struggled.And after forty years，I still cherish the 26 .It helped change my selfimage.I 27 up to a broad boundary of possibilities which has made my life an adventure.She understood that teaching went beyond strict demands and could be used to 28 .Thank you，Mrs.Davies.‎ ‎9．A.ways B．tasks C．tests D．classes 答案　D 解析　way方法；task任务；test测试；class班级。根据下文的“the course”可知应是classes。故选D。‎ ‎10．A.run B．take C．teach D．like 答案　B 解析　run跑；take带走；teach教；like喜欢。take it (the class/course)上课。故选B。‎ ‎11．A.compared B．struggled C．connected D．argued 答案　B 解析　compare比较；struggle挣扎，斗争，努力；connect连接；argue争论。根据前一句中的“the course was a bit over my head”及空后的“the complex problems”说明作者学习这些复杂的问题很吃力。故选B。‎ ‎12．A.on B．at C．in D．for 答案　A 解析　test sb.on....就……测试某人。故选A。‎ ‎13．A.explain B．collect C．print D．grade 答案　D 解析　explain解释；collect收集；print打印；grade分级，评分。根据下文的“based on our ability”可知是根据我们的能力给试卷评分。故选D。‎ ‎14．A.tired B．curious C．lost D．content 答案　C 解析　tired疲劳的；curious好奇的；lost丢失的，迷路的，不知所措的；content满意的。根据下文应是“我迷惑不解”。故选C。‎ ‎15．A.effect B．end C．answer D．interest 答案　C 解析　effect影响；end结尾；answer回答；interest兴趣。此处指我决定用更熟悉的定理解出答案。故选C。‎ ‎16．A.completed B．proved C．fixed D．required 答案　D 解析　complete完成；prove证明；fix修理；require要求。根据前文的“the required theorem”判断选D。‎ ‎17．A.handed B．held C．thrown D．dated 答案　A 解析　hand递给；hold举行；throw扔；date追溯。hand back the papers发放试卷。故选A。‎ ‎18．A.hoped B．assumed C．declared D．dreamed 答案　B 解析　hope希望；assume假定，猜想；declare声明；dream梦想。别人都得了C，而我得了A，我猜想是老师弄错了。故选B。‎ ‎19．A.angrily B．regretfully C．disappointedly D．nervously 答案　D 解析　angrily生气地；regretfully遗憾地；disappointedly失望地；nervously紧张地。根据前文的“there must be a mistake”可知作者猜想老师弄错了，所以应是很紧张地看着老师走进他的课桌。故选D。‎ ‎20．A.paper B．score C．question D．method 答案　A 解析　paper纸；score 分数；question问题；method方法。根据前文的paper判断是老师要回了我的试卷。故选A。‎ ‎21．A.helping B．following C．showing D．praising 答案　C 解析　help帮助；follow跟随；show展示；praise表扬。根据前文“copy my work onto the blackboard”可知是老师将作者的试卷展示给学生们。故选C。‎ ‎22．A.Since B．Unless C．Though D．Because 答案　C 解析　since自从；unless除非；though尽管，虽然；because因为。尽管我没有用要求的定理，但她很自豪我能解出这个问题。故选C。‎ ‎23．A.shared B．exchanged C．practised D．checked 答案　A 解析　share分享；exchange交换；practice练习；check检查。此处指老师将作者的试卷珍藏以便分享给今后的学生。故选A。‎ ‎24．A.friendly B．failing C．corrected D．wrong 答案　B 解析　friendly友好的；failing失败的；corrected更正的；wrong错误的。该句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，意为“我的老师本来能够公正地给我评个不及格”。故选B。‎ ‎25．A.possibility B．creation C．intention D．opportunity 答案　D 解析　possibility可能；creation创造；intention意欲，打算；opportunity机会。句意为：相反，她使用了这次能够深刻影响一个正在奋斗的孩子的机会。故选D。‎ ‎26．A.change B．memory C．school D．life 答案　B 解析　change改变；memory 记忆；school 学校；life生活。40年后，我仍然珍惜这个回忆。故选B。‎ ‎27．A.opened B．kept C．made D．looked 答案　A 解析　open打开，敞开；keep保持；make制作；look看。open up to向……敞开。我开放自己接触到更广泛的可能性，这使我的生活充满冒险。故选A。‎ ‎28．A.learn B．survive C．inspire D．manage 答案　C 解析　learn学会；survive生存；inspire激励；manage管理。根据下文的“Thank you”判断，是老师的激励让作者心存感激。故选C。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时10′)‎ Mike：I’d like to buy a computer.Could you please give me 29.some advice?‎ Rose：Yes，with 30.pleasure(please)．I’ve got some information about computers.Computers with a P4 work much 31.faster(fast) than other ones.‎ Mike：How about computers with a P3?‎ Rose：Oh，very good,32.though/although they don’t work as fast as P4 computers，yet they are much cheaper.Generally 33.speaking(speak)，they can meet people’s 34.needs very well.‎ Mike：I think I 35.should buy the fastest one I can get.My old computer was out of work lately.It 36.had worked/worked(work) slowly.I’ve got tired of that working speed.‎ Rose：I don’t think 37.it is necessary for you to buy the fastest one.It would be a waste of money.A P3 computer is 38.probably(probable) good enough for you.‎ Mike：Thank you for your advice.Can you help me choose one?‎ ‎ ‎