高考英语模拟试题及答案(十一) 28页

高考英语模拟试题及答案（十一） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选 出最佳选项。 A Venice, Italy Venice is already known to be sinking, and the masses of tourists that visit the city every year certainly aren ’ t helping. Locals have complained that tourism, including cruise ships, is responsible for increased pollution in the city. Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism: littering, engaging in horseplay, not wearing a shirt in public, leaving love locks, and writing on or damaging trees or buildings are all fineable offenses in the city. Barcelona, Spain Locals in Barcelona aren ’t shy about their dislike for tourists. Popular attractions have even changed their rules as a result of tourist activity. La Boqueria, a large public market, banned tourist groups of more than 15 people in 2015. Before the ban, large groups of vacationers often blocked foot traffic while taking photographs, according to The T elegraph. Santorini, Greece Santorini is a beautiful island off the coast of Greece. It ’s often packed with tourists during the summer. In fact, due to the seasonal influx (涌入 ) of tourists, the island imposed a rule limiting visitors from cruise ships to 8,000 per day. 790,000 people from 636 cruise ships visited Santorin in 2015, according to Conde Nast Traveler, while the entire island only has a population of just over 15,000. Amsterdam, the Netherlands Amsterdam has long been a popular vacation destination for party-loving travelers. In response to a rise in tourism, the city has put restrictions on Airbnb so that a rental listing cannot have more than four people at a time, and that tourists cannot keep the rental apartments for more than 60 days a year. 1．According to this passage, for which behaviour will the tourists be fined? A．Blocking foot traffic in Barcelona B ．Wearing a shirt in public in Santorini C．Buying a love lock in AmsterdamD ．Damaging a tree in Venice 2．If you are going to rent an apartment in Amsterdam as a tourist, how long can you keep it within a year at most? A．A year. B．One month. C．Two months. D．A season. 3．What do these tourist attractions have in common? A．These places have been popular all year around. B．Rules have been set or changed regarding tourism. C．Local people use violence against tourists. D．The number of tourists has decreased a little. 文章大意：本文是说明文，介绍了世界上著名的四大景点，为了限制过热的旅游业给城 市带来的不利影响，这些旅游景点制订了关于旅游的一些限制规则。 1.D 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 Venice, Italy 部 分 中 “ Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism: littering, engaging in horseplay, not wearing a shirt in public, leaving love locks, and writing on or damaging trees or buildings are all fineable offenses in the city （ 威尼斯实行了严格的旅游规则：乱扔垃圾、参与打闹、在公共场合不 穿衬衫、留下爱情锁、在树木或建筑物上写字或损坏树木或建筑物都是城市中处罚的罪行）” 可知，游客在威尼斯毁坏树木是要被罚款的。故选 D 项。 2. C 细节理解题。根据 Amsterdam, the Netherlands 的介绍中，“⋯ and that tourists cannot keep the rental apartments for more than 60 days a year ”可知，在阿姆斯特丹 , 规定游 客一年不能将租赁公寓保留超过 60 天。故选 C 项。 3.B 推理判断题。在 Venice, Italy 部分中，提到“ Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism 威尼斯在旅游方面实施了严格的规定”；在 Barcelona, Spain 部分中，提 到“ Popular attractions have even changed their rules ⋯受欢迎的景点甚至改变了规则”； 在 Santorini, Greece 部分中，提到“ the island imposed a rule limiting visitors ⋯该岛实行 了一项限制游客的规定”；在 Amsterdam, the Netherlands 部分中，提到“ the city has put restrictions on Ai rbnb ”。综合上面的介绍，可以推断，这些景点的一个共同点是：为了限制 过热的旅游业给城市带来的不利影响，这些旅游景点都制订了关于旅游的一些限制规则或者 更 改了原有的规则。故选 B 项。 B I ’ ve spent two decades observing what makes people lucky and trying to help people increase their luck. I teach entrepreneurship ( 社会学 ). We know many new enterprises fail, and innovators ( 创业者 )need luck. With my students, I spend much time encouraging them to get out of their comfort zone and take some risks. I do this myself all the time. About a dozen years ago, during a flight, I decided to take a little risk. I started a conversation with the man sitting next to me. I introduced myself, and I learned that he was a publisher. I learned all about the future of the publishing industry and we exchanged contact ( 联 系 ) information. So about three quarters through the night, I decided to take another risk. I showed him a book plan I was doing in my class. Although he was very polite, he said it wasn ’ t right for us. A couple of months later, I told him I was doing a project on transforming the book, the future of publishing and invited him to come to my class. So he gladly came to my class. We had a great experience. A few months later, I wrote to him again, sending a bunch of video clips ( 剪辑 ) from another project my students had made. He was so stricken by one of them that he thought there was a book in it. I was a little bit hurt, but it was all right. So I invited him and his colleagues to have lunch together. Later, one of his editors asked me if I had considered writing a book. And I pulled out the exact same plan I had showed his boss a year earlier. Within two years, my book had sold over a million copies. 4. We can infer from the author ’ s experience on the plane that . A. the publisher was stricken by his book B. that was his first experience by plane C. the first r isk during the night didn ’ t work out D. the experience made him transform his book 5. Why did the author send the students ’ video clips? A. To have their book published. B. To help to increase his luck. C. To assess their writing skills. D. To help them see their strength. 6. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Take the Lead B. Everything is Possible C. Win in Danger D. Luck and Risk 7. What does the author think resulted in his luck? A. Publishing books. B. A series of small risks. C. Being turned down frequently. D. Meeting with the stranger on the plane. 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者近二十年一直在研究使得人们幸运的是什 么，并且帮助他人增加幸运的机会。作者一直鼓励学生走出舒适区并做出一些冒险，而作者本 人也一直坚持这样做。 4.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的 A couple of months later, I told him I was doing a project on transforming the book, the future of publishing and invited him to come to my class.( 几个月后，我告诉他我正在做这本书的改造工作，关于未来的出版，并邀请他来我的课 堂)可知，飞机上的经历，让作者决定改造他的书。 D. the experience made him transform his book( 这个经历让他改造自己的书 )符合以上说法，故选 D 项。 5.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的 So about three quarters through the night, I decided to take another risk. I showed him a book plan I was doing in my class.( 过了大约四分之三 的夜晚，我决定再冒一次险。我给他看了我在课堂上做的读书计划 )及 A few months later, I wrote to him again, sending a bunch of video clips (剪辑 ) from another project my students had made. He was so stricken by one of them that he thought there was a book in it.( 几个月后，我又给他写了一封信，把学生们做的另一个项目的一些视频剪辑发给 了他。他被其中一本书深深地打动了，以为里面有一本书 )可推测，作者把学生的视频剪辑和 书一起寄过去的目的是帮助增加自己的运气。 B. To help to increase his luck( 为了帮助增加 他的运气 )符合以上推测，故选 B 项。 6.D 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是一段的 I ’ ve spent two decades observing what makes people lucky and trying to help people increase their luck. 和二段的 With my students, I spend much time encouraging them to get out of their comfort zone and take some risks. I do this myself all the time. 可知，本文主要讲述作者近二十年一直 在研究使得人们幸运的是什么，并且帮助他人增加幸运的机会。作者一直鼓励学生走出舒适 区 并做出一些冒险，而作者本人也一直坚持这样做。 D. Luck and Risk( 运气和冒险 )可以作为本 文标题，故选 D 项。 7.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的 About a dozen years ago, during a flight, I decided to take a little risk.( 大约 12 年前，在一次飞行中，我决定冒一点险 )及第三段的 So about three quarters through the night, I decided to take another risk.( 所以，过了大约四分之三的夜 晚，我决定再冒一次险 )和第三段的 A few months later, I wrote to him again, sending a bunch of video clips ( 剪辑 ) from another project my students had made. He was so stricken by one of them that he thought there was a book in it.( 几个月后，我再次写信 给他，把一堆我学生做的另一个项目的视频剪辑寄给他。他被其中的一个深深感动了，认为 可以写一本书 )可知，出版商拒绝之后，作者一直没有放弃，冒着拒绝的风险提升幸运的机会， 最终成功的出版了这本书。由此推测，作者认为是一些小的冒险让他成功了。 B. A series of small risks( 一系列小的冒险 )符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 C Instagram （ 图 片 分 享 社 交 应 用 程 序 ） is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform. After months of testing an option to hide likes in select international markets, Instagram, which is owned by Facebook （ FB） , has already been testing hiding likes in seven other countries, including Canada, Ireland and Australia. For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It's a way of measuring popularity and success. But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. Now it's considering a change. The total number of likes on posts — which appear as hearts on the app —— will disappear from Instagram's main feed, profile pages and permalink （永久链接） pages. The owner of the account can still see their own likes, but their followers won't know the count. CNN Business previously spoke with users in countries with the test. The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental （不利的，有害的） social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study. But other users and psychologists said hiding likes won't fix everything. The test doesn't address some of the key ways that activity on Instagram can impact the well-being of users, including bullying, feeling left out and thinking other people's lives are better than their own. Renee Engeln, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, voiced his opinion that the biggest impact of Instagram is the content and the exposure to this constant stream of perfected images is what seems to hurt psychologically. Plus, users can still see their own likes —— and feel badly if their posts don't perform well. 8. How do users experience Instagram in this passage? A. By giving likes. B. By hiding likes. C. By selecting platforms. D. By showing off talents. 9. The underlined word “ toxic ” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “”. A. profitable B. poisonous C. popular D. positive 10. What can we infer from the passage? A. Instagram has affected youngsters' mental health. B. The account owners won't know the count o ￡ likes. C. Instagram tested hiding likes in seven countries first. D. The majority think Instagram has been a well-being app. 11. What could be the best title of the passage? A. Instagram Misuses Likes B. More People Are Against Likes C. Likes Cause Mental Problems D. Likes will Be Hidden on Instagram 文章大意：本文为说明文。 Instagram 即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除“点赞”。因 为“点赞”让平台变得更“有毒”的，几个月来 Instagram 一直尝试在一些国际市场隐藏 “点赞”功 能。 8.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“F or years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. ” 多年来， “点赞”一直是名人、品牌、政客和普通用户体验 Instagram 和 Facebook 的核心。由此可知， 体验 Instagram 是通过点赞的形式，故选 A ， 9.B 猜测词义题。根据划线词的上文“ For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It's a way of measuring popularity and success. ”多年来，点赞一直是名人、品牌、政客和日常用户 体验 Instagram 和 Facebook 的核心重点。点赞是衡量受欢迎程度和成功的一种方法。接着 用转折连词 but 引出下文 “ But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. ”可知，最近几个月，Instagram 一 直在反思“点赞”是如何让自己的平台变得更“ toxic ”。But 表示与前文相反的意思。可知，前文 叙述“点赞”是一种有用方法，那“ toxic ”是与之相反的，不好的。再结合“ Instagram is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform.. ” Instagram 即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上去除点赞。可推断出，去除点赞可能是因为它的不好的 一 面。分析选项 A. profitable 有利可图的； B. poisonous 有毒的； C. popular 受欢迎的； D. positive 积极的。可知 A 、C 和 D 都是好的一面，只有 B 项是不好的。由此推断出“ toxic ” 是有毒的。 10.A 推理判断题。根据第三段“ The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental （不利的，有害的） social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study. ” 大多数认为此举将提高 app 的健康。一项研究显示， Instagram 是对年轻人心理健康最有害的社交网络应用，比如对身体形象产生负面影响。由此可推断出 Instagram 影响了青少年的心理健康。故选 A 。 11.D 主旨大意题。本文第一段叙述了 Instagram 即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除 “点赞”。几个月来 Instagram 一直在尝试在一些国际市场隐藏“点赞”功能。因为“点赞” 平台变 得更“有毒”的。接着下文具体分析了“点赞”造成的不好的影响，从而正要隐藏“点赞”。文章分 析“点赞”带来的不好的影响，所以要在 Instagram 隐藏“点赞”功能。因此 D 项是最佳题目。故选 D。 D Before dipping your hand into that bowl of M&Ms ( 一种巧克力豆 ) at the holiday party, think about what you ’ re about to do. A lot. A new study finds that people who imagine themselves consuming many pieces of candy eat less of the real thing when given the chance. Picturing a delicious food — like a juicy steak or an ice cream sundae —generally whets ( 刺激 ) the appetite. But what about visualizing yourself eating the entire sundae, spoonful by spoonful? There ’ s reason to think that might have the opposite effect, says Carey Morewedge, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University. Researchers have found that repeated exposure to a particular food — as in taking bite after bite of it — decreases the desire to consume more. But no one had looked to see whether merely imagining eating has the same effect. To find out, Morewedge and his colleagues fed M&Ms and cheese cubes to 50 university students. In one experiment, the participants first imagined performing 33 repetitive motions ( 动作 ): Half of them imagined eating 30 M&Ms and inserting three quarters into the slot of a laundry machine. The other half imagined eating three M&Ms and inserting 30 quarters. Then everyone was allowed to eat their fill from a bowl of M&Ms. It was reported that those who ’ d imagined eating more candy ate about three on average, while the others ate about five M&Ms. The researchers then extended their findings to another food group — cheese. As in the M&M experiment, people who imagined eating 30 cheese cubes consumed less of the real thing. But volunteers who imagined eating 30 M&Ms ate the same amount of cheese as those who imagined eating three M&Ms. Thus, the effect is specific to the type of food imagined. The findings should have practical applications, says Morewedge. One possible strategy for weight watchers might be to spend a few minutes before each meal imagining eating exactly the foods they ’ re about to consume, he says. Although he is planning follow-up studies to investigate the potential of imagined consumption for helping people con trol their appetite, Morewedge says he ’ s not planning to experiment on himself over the holidays. “ I really enjoy my mother ’ s cooking, ” he says. 12. What did Morewedge and his colleagues want to find out with the first experiment? A. Whether imagining eating would lead to weight loss. B. Whether imagining eating would reduce appetite. C. Whether picturing a delicious food would whet appetite. D. Whether repeated exposure to food would reduce appetite. 13. What does the underlined part “ the others ” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Those who imagined eating 30 M&Ms. B. Those who imagined eating three M&Ms. C. Those who didn ’ t participate in the experiment. D. Those who didn ’ t imagine eating M&Ms. 14. According to the findings from the experiment, which of the following may make you eat less? A. Imagining eating any kind of food. B. Imagining eating at least two kinds of food. C. Imagining eating as many kinds of food as possible. D. Imagining eating the same kind of food you will eat. 15. What can be the best title for the text? A. How to Control Your Appetite B. Imagining Eating M&Ms: A Way to Lose Weight C. To Eat Less, Imagine Eating More D. The Less You Imagine, the More You Eat 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，想象自己吃了很多糖 果的人在有机会吃下真正的糖果时会吃得更少。故文章建议要想少吃点，想象一下多吃点。 12.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中 Researchers have found that repeated exposure to a particular food —as in taking bite after bite of it —decreases the desire to consume more. But no one had looked to see whether merely imagining eating has the same effect. （研究人员发现，反复接触一种特定的食物 - 就像一口接一口地吃 - 会降低消费更多的欲 望。但没有人研究过仅仅想象进食是否也有同样的效果。 ）以及文章第四段中 To find out, Morewedge and his colleagues fed M&Ms and cheese cubes to 50 university students. （为了找出答案，莫尔韦奇和他的同事们给 50 名大学生喂食了 M&M 巧克力糖和奶酪方 块。 ）由此可知，莫尔韦奇和他的同事们想从第一个实验中发现想象进食是否会降低食欲。结 合选项，故选 B。 13.B 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中 In one experiment, the participants first imagined performing 33 repetitive motions ( 动作 ): Half of them imagined eating 30 M&Ms ... The other half imagined eating three M&Ms and inserting 30 quarters. Then everyone was allowed to eat their fill from a bowl of M&Ms. It was reported that those who ’ d imagined eating more candy ate about three on average, while the others ate about five M&Ms. （在一项实验中，参与者首先想象了 33 次重复动作：其中一半人想象吃了 30 块 M&M 巧克力糖。另一半人想象吃三块 M&M 巧克力糖，然后放入 30 枚 25 美分硬币。然后 每个人都被允许一碗 M&M 。据报道，那些想 x 像吃更多糖果的人平均吃了大约 3 块，而其 他人吃了大约 5 块 M&M 。）由此可知，本段主要进行了一个对比试验，故划线词 the others 指的是上文中的 The other half 。即那些想象着吃三块 M&M 的人。结合选项，故选 B。 14.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中 A new study finds that people who imagine themselves consuming many pieces of candy eat less of the real thing when given the chance. （一项新的研究发现，想象自己吃了很多糖果的人在有机会吃下真正的糖果时会吃得 更少。）以及文章第四段中 It was reported that those who ’ d imagined eating more candy ate about three on average, while the others ate about five M&Ms. （据报道，那些想吃 更多糖果的人平均吃了大约 3 块，而其他人吃了大约 5 块 M&M 。）由此判断出，根据实验结 果，想象自己吃的食物和你将要吃的食物是一样的会让你的食欲降低，使你少吃。故选 D 。 15.C 标题判断题。根据文章第一段中 A new study finds that people who imagine themselves consuming many pieces of candy eat less of the real thing when given the chance. （一项新的研究发现，想象自己吃了很多糖果的人在有机会吃下真正的糖果时会吃得 更少。）以及分析全文可知，文章都是围绕该内容展开说明的。故 C 项（ To Eat Less, Imagine Eating More ）要想少吃点，想象一下多吃点。作为标题，能够概括文章中心。故选 C。 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填 入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Are you one of the increasing number of students who are struggling for college education online? Follow these tips to help you be a successful online learner? Many students assume that online classes require less work and are easier than traditional classes. 16. Arrangement according to class schedule is important. Log on to your course according to the required schedule. Manage your time just as you would in a traditional course. 17. You may not be able to turn in papers, view videos, or participate in groups if you don't have the proper technology. Make sure that you have the proper Internet connection and software programs installed ( 安装 ). During class, you are advised to be focused. Read and practice everything. 18 . Don ’ t run through a course skipping videos, animations ( 动 画 ), and ungraded self- assessment activities. Be comfortable communicating through text. Most communication in an online course occurs through the written word. Discussion board posts, written assignments, and email are all common modes of communication in online courses. 19. Be prepared to read and write a lot in online courses. Remember to be active. If you hav e questions or don ’ t understand an assignment, tell your instructor. 20. Don’ t wait until after you ’ ve turned in an assignment to let the instructor know that you have struggled. If you email or call the instructor before an assignment, quiz, or exam, you ’ll prevent the struggle, and avoid having your grade suffer. A. Go through every screen. B. Online classes require less work C. You ’ ll understand the instructor better. D. Be sure you have the required software and hardware. E.Your instructor can help you better if you tell him or her. F.In reality, they ’ re designed just as demanding as traditional courses. G.This is different from traditional classes, where a lot of communication is oral. 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为一个成功的在线学习者提供了一些建议。 16.F 上文 Many students assume that online classes require less work and are easier than traditional classes.( 很多学生认为在线学习要求的工作更少，比传统课程更容易 )与 F. In reality, they're designed just as demanding as traditional courses( 事实上，它们和传统 课 程 一 样 要 求 很 高 ) 承 接 自 然 ， 上 下 文 构 成 明 显 的 转 折 关 系 ， traditional classes 和 traditional courses 是关键词，故选 F 项。 17.D 根据 Make sure that you have the proper Internet connection and software programs installed( 确保你有网络连接和安装了相应的软件程序 )可知，本段主要讲述要有适 当的网络和软件程序， D. Be sure you have the required software and hardware.( 确保你 有要求的软件和硬件 )可以作为本段中心句，故选 D 项。 18.A 上 文 During class, you are advised to be focused. Read and practice everything.( 在上课期间，你应该集中注意力，阅读和练习每一个知识 )与 A. Go through every screen.( 浏览每一个视频 )承接自然，上下文都是关于上网课要集中注意力，不要错过任 何一个环节， everything 和 every screen 是关键词，故选 A 项。 19.G 上文 Discussion board posts, written assignments, and email are all common modes of communication in online courses.( 讨论版帖子、书面作业和电子邮件都是在线 课程中常见的交流方式 )与 G. This is different from traditional classes, where a lot of communication is oral.( 这与传统课堂不同，传统课堂上很多交流都是口头上的 )承接自然， 选项中的 this 指代上文所说的几种在线课程交流方式， communication 是关键词，故选 G 项。 20.E 上 文 If you have questions or don ’ t understand an assignment, tell your instructor.( 如果你有问题或不理解作业，告诉你的老师 )与 E. Your instructor can help you better if you tell him or her.( 如果你告诉她 /他，你的指导老师可以更好地帮助你 )承接自然， instructor 是关键词，故选 E 项。 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节 完 形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 In the U. S. there are more prisoners than farmers. In fact, the U. S. houses about one-fourth of the prison population worldwide, which amounts to 21 2.3 million people. Many prisons 22 punishment rather than rehabilitation ( 恢复正常生活 ), which means the prisoners may lack the skills necessary to 23 in society when they are freed. As it stands, more than 60 percent will be sent back to prison after 24 new crimes. Today more and more prison officials are 25 the importance of rehabilitation and beginning to see the 26 of gardening in prisons. Research in California 27 suggests that, among prisoners who participated in gardening programs, less than 10 percent 28 prison. Part of what makes planting a garden so effective is that it represents 29 Growing food from seed, many prisoners 30 experience success after a lifetime of failures, which helps to build 31 . Additionally , today ’ s gardening programs don ’ t just teach prisoners gardening skills but also 32 them to take part in planning the garden and making other 33 related to the project. And the prisoners aren ’t the only ones who 34 . Some prison gardens donate food to low-income areas, allowing prisoners to give back to areas where many of them were 35 Others produce so much food that they ’ re even36 to donate to local nursing homes and schools. Through programs that 37 the science of gardening, prisoners learn that knowledge is power. The 38 of ever finding a skilled job after getting out of prison, a 39 that provides enjoyment and dignity in a complex 40 world, is replaced by a greater sense of purpose. 21. A. merely B. hardly C. only D. nearly 22. A. devote to B. focus on C. turn into D. give up 23. A. function B. reform C. change D. recover 24. A. planning B. accusing C. reporting D. committing 25. A. performing B. recommending C. recognizing D. promoting 26. A. sign B. interest C. aim D. value 27. A. prisons B. schools C. farms D. towns 28. A. escaped from B. stayed in C. returned to D. went to 29. A. reality B. success C. challenge D. wisdom 30. A. finally B. initially C. constantly D. frequently 31. A. relationshipB. self-confidence C. reputation D. trust 32. A. force B. forbid C. allow D. remind 33. A. contributions B. comments C. discoveries D. decisions 34. A. assist B. care C. benefit D. participate 35. A. raised B. grown C. brought D. developed 36. A. content B. able C. likely D. certain 37. A. create B. improve C. assess D. teach 38. A. thoughtfulness B. expectation C. hopelessness D. ambition 39. A. job B. garden C. program D. science 40. A. ecological B. technological C. academic D. spiritual 【答案】 21. D22. B23. A24. D25. C 26. D27. A28. C29. B30. A 31. B32. C33. D34. C35. A 36. B37. D38. B39. A40. D 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国囚犯比农民还要多，监狱人口占世界监狱人数 的四分之ー。然而美国监狱更注重的是惩罚而不是改造，导致囚犯出狱后没有一技之长。现在 越来越多的监狱意识到了改造的重要性，开始在监狱里教授园艺种植，取得了不错的成果。通 过学习，罪犯出狱后可以找到工作，使他们更自信，目标感更强。 21.D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国的监狱人口占全世界监狱人数的四分之一， 将近 230 万人。 A. merely 仅仅； B. hardly 几乎不； C. only 只有； D. nearly 几乎。根据 2.3 million people 可知，此处应该是指美国监狱人口有将近 300 万人。故选 D。 22.B 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：许多监狱关注惩罚而不是恢复正常生活。 A. devote to 致力于； B. focus on 关注； C. turn into 变成； D. give up 放弃。根据 rather than rehabilitation (恢复正常生活 )，此处应该是指监狱只注重惩罚而不是改造，表示注重、在意 的意思。故选 B。 23.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着囚犯在被释放后可能缺乏履行职责所需的必要技能。 A. function 行使职责； B. reform 改革； C. change 改变； D. recover 恢复。根据 when they are freed 可知，囚犯在被释放后就是享受权利和义务的公民，所以要履行职责。故选 A 。 24.D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，超过 60% 的人在犯下新的罪行后将被送回监狱。 A. planning 计划； B. accusing 控告； C. reporting 报告； D. committing 犯罪。根据上下文 , more than 60 percent will be sent back to prison 可知，此处应该是指超过 60 ％的人会在 再次犯罪后，即犯新的罪后，再进入监狱。故选 D。 25.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，越来越多的监狱官员认识到改造的重要性，并开始看 到监狱园艺的价值。 A. performing 执行，表演； B. recommending 推荐； C. recognizing 意识到； D. promoting 促销。根据 beginning to see the of gardening in prisons. 可知监 狱的办公人员意识到了改造的重要性。故选 C。 26.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，越来越多的监狱官员认识到改造的重要性，并开始看 到监狱园艺的价值。 A. sign 迹象； B. interest 兴趣； C. aim 目标； D. value 价值。由前面的 importance( 重要性 )可知监狱里的改造活动对犯人是有价值的。故选 D。 27.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：加州监狱的研究表明，在参与园艺项目的囚犯中，只有不到 10% 的人回到了监狱。 A. prisons 监狱； B. schools 学校； C. farms 农场； D. towns 城镇。 由后面的 among prisoners( 在犯人中 )可知是在监狱进行的调查研究。故选 A。 28.C 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：加州监狱的研究表明，在参与园艺项目的囚犯中，只有 不到 10% 的人回到了监狱。 A. escaped from 逃脱； B. stayed in 待在； C. returned to 返 回； D. went to 去⋯⋯地方。由 sent back to prison( 送回监狱 )可知这里表达的是改造后再回 监狱的犯人减少了。故选 C。 29.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：园艺种植之所以如此有效，部分原因是它代表着成功。 A. reality 现实； B. success 成功； C. challenge 挑战； D. wisdom 智慧。由后面的 experience success( 体验成功 )可知改造有效果的原因就是它代表了成功。故选 B。 30.A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多囚徒在经历了一生的失败后终于体验到了成功。 A. finally 最后； B. initially 最初； C. constantly 持续； D. frequently 频繁地。由后面的 after a lifetime of failures( 一生的失败后 )可知犯人们最后体验到了成功。故选 A 。 31.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有助于建立自信。 A. relationship 关系； B. self- confidence 自信心； C. reputation 名声； D. trust 信任。由前面的 experience success( 体 验成功 )可知改造帮助犯人建立自信心。故选 B。 32.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，今天的园艺项目不仅教囚犯园艺技能，还允许他们参 与规划花园，并做出与项目相关的其他决策。 A. force 逼迫； B. forbid 禁止； C. allow 允 许 ； D. remind 使想起。根据下文 allowing 可知，教授园艺技巧也可以让他们参与到规划花园。 故选 C。 33.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，今天的园艺项目不仅教囚犯园艺技能，还允许他们参 与规划花园，并做出与项目相关的其他决策。 A. contributions 贡献； B. comments 评论； C. discoveries 发现； D. decisions 决策。根据 take part in planning the garden 可知，此 处指罪犯们也可做出与项目相关的其他决策。故选 D 。 34.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：囚犯并不是唯一的受益者。 A. assist 帮助； B. care 关心； C.benefit 好处； D. participate 参加。由后面的 donate food to low- Income areas( 捐食物 给低收入家庭 )可知犯人不是唯一从改造活动中获得好处的。故选 C。 35.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些监狱的菜园向低收入地区捐赠食物，允许囚犯将食物回 馈给他们曾经养育过他们的地方。 A. raised 养育； B. grown 成长； C. brought 带来； D.developed 发展。根据 give back to areas 可知，此处指允许囚犯将食物回馈给他们曾经 养育过他们的地方。故选 A。 36.B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至能够捐赠给当地的养老院和学校。 A. content 满 意的； B. able 能够的； C. likely 可能的； D. certain 肯定的。由 so much food( 如此多的食 物 )可知犯人是能够捐赠食物给养老院和学校的。故选 B。 37.D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过传授园艺科学的项目，囚犯们认识到知识就是力量。 A. create 创造； B. improve 提高； C. assess 评价； D. teach 教授。由后面的 learn( 学会 )可知 改造项目教授园艺科学知识。故选 D。 38.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：希望出狱后自己能找到一份自己熟练的工作，这是一份在复 杂的精神世界中提供享受和尊严的工作，这是一份让人更有目标的工作。 A. thoughtfulness 体贴； B. expectation 期待；C. hopelessness 希望； D. ambition 野心。由后面的 a sense of purpose( 目标感 )可知犯人对出狱后的生活充满期待的。故选 B。 39.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：希望出狱后自己能找到一份自己熟练的工作，这是一份在复 杂的精神世界中提供享受和尊严的工作，这是一份让人更有目标的工作。 A. job 工作； B. garden 园艺； C. program 项目； D. science 精神。由 finding a skilled job( 找到一个 有技巧的工作 )可知，故选 A。 40.D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：希望出狱后自己能找到一份自己熟练的工作，这是一份在 复杂的精神世界中提供享受和尊严的工作，这是一份让人更有目标的工作。 A. ecological 生 态的； B. technological 科技的； C. academic 学术的； D. spiritual 精神的。由前面的 enjoyment and dignity( 享受和自尊 )可知是精神世界。故选 D。 第二节阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “ Nothing entertains us better than reading a book. ” Bing Xin expressed this 41. (believe) in 1987. “ Entertainment news has increased, which is fine, but I 42. (firm) believe the most pleasant thing about life is to read books, ” she told Cao Zhengwen, editor of the Xinming Evening News. Cao’ s interview with Bing Xin 43. (take) place about two years after the book Amusing Ourselves to Death was published. It criticized televisions for 44. (weaken) rational thinking that was typical of books. To encourage more people to read, Cao launched 45. “ Joy of Reading ” section in the Xirmin Evening News in 1986. During the 22 years 46. it survived and thrived ( 繁 荣 ), he interviewed quite a few cultural figures and invited them 47. (write) for the newspaper. Cao later selected and edited the stories of their life into the book A Record of Interviews with Cultural Icons. Thanks to Cao ’ s effort, today ’ s readers can have a rare glimpse into the 48. (spirit) world of typical Chinese intellectuals, a world of simplicity, sacrifice and selflessness. The book tells us not only how joyful they were in reading, but also how just they were 49. difficult conditions. In other words, the book teaches us how to bring out the better part of 50. (we) as well as how and what to read. 【答案】 文章大意：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了《新民晚报》编辑曹正文对冰心等许多文化人 物的采访并邀请他们为报纸撰稿，他后来选择并编辑了他们的生活故事，并将其编入《文化偶 像访谈记录》一书，传递了“生活中最令人愉快的事情就是读书”的信念。 41. belief 考查名词。句意：“没有什么比读书更能使我们开心了。”冰心在 1987 年表达了这 种信念。 this 后面使用名词， believe 的名词是 belief ，它在 this 后面，应使用单数形式。 故 填 belief 。 42. firmly 考查副词。句意：娱乐新闻增加了，这很好，但是我坚信生活中最令人愉快的事情 就是读书。副词作状语修饰形容词。故填 firmly 。 43. took 考查动词时态。句意：曹对冰心的采访发生在《自娱自乐》这本书出版大约两年之 后。由句意及 was published 可知，主句中的谓语 take place ，应使用一般过去时。故填 took 。 44. weakening 考查动名词。句意：它批评电视削弱了书籍所代表的理性思维。介词 for 后面使用动词时，应将动词改为动名词的形式。故填 weakening 。 45. the 考查冠词。句意：为了鼓励更多的人阅读，曹在1986 年的《新民晚报》上推出了“阅读的乐 趣”部分。此处为特指意义，应使用定冠词 the 。故填 the 。 46. when 考查定语从句。句意：在这个栏目传承和越来越受人欢迎的 22 年中，他采访了许 多文化人物并邀请他们为报纸撰稿。分析句子结构， years 后面是一个定语从句，先行词 years 在从句中作状语，应使用 when 引导。故填 when 。 47. to write 考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个栏目传承和越来越受人欢迎的 22 年中，他采访 了许多文化人物并邀请他们为报纸撰稿。 invite sb. to do sth. “邀请某人去做某事”。故填 to write 。 48. spiritual 考查形容词。句意：借助曹的努力，今天的读者可以难得一见的是典型的中国知 识分子的精神世界，一个朴素，敢于牺牲和无私的世界。形容词在句中作定语修饰 world 。 故填 spiritual 。 49. in/under 考查介词。句意：这本书不仅告诉我们他们在阅读中有多快乐，而且还告诉我 们他们在困难的环境中的生活如何。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入介词。 in/under difficult conditions “在困难的环境中”。故填 in/under 。 50. ourselves 考查反身代词。句意：换句话说，这本书除了教我们如何阅读以及阅读什么，还教我们如何让 自己表现得更优秀一些。反身代词通常是用来加强语气的，意思是“亲自，本身”，根据句意可 知，此处使用反身代词在人称和数上要与 us 保持一致。故填 ourselves 。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 I ’ ve always been fond in collecting stamps since I was a child. As far as I'm concerned, collecting stamps is a meaningful hobby, help me to learn a lot of. Besides, dealing with my collection of stamps not only gives me great satisfactions but also helps relax yourself under the great pressure of studies. What's more, I even earned money by selling stamps and my collection will be more valuable as time goes by. Therefore, my parents are strongly against it. They consider it waste of money and they also think that sorting out my stamps may take up too much of my time, that should be spent on my studies. What can I talk them into supporting my hobby? 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己的爱好——集邮。 第一处： in → of 考查固定短语。句意：我从小就喜欢集邮。 be fond of 表示“喜欢”，故 in 改为 of 。 第二处： help → helping 考查非谓语动词。句意：就我而言，集邮是一种有意义的爱好， 能帮助我学到很多东西。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词， collecting stamps 与 help 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故 help 改为 helping 。 第三处：去掉 of 考查 a lot of 与 a lot 的区别。句意同上， a lot of 重在表示物品的数量，常 修饰名词， a lot 则重在表示程度，常修饰动词，此处的 of 是多余的，故去掉 of 。 第四处： satisfactions → satisfaction考查名词的数。句意：此外，处理我收集的邮票（做 好我的集邮工作）不仅给我很大的满足，也帮助我在巨大的学习压力下放松自己。此处的 satisfaction 表 示 抽 象 意 义 ， 为 不 可 数 名 词 ， 没 有 复 数 形 式 ， 故 satisfactions 改 为 satisfaction 。 第五处： yourself → myself 查代词。句意同上，根据“ me”可知此处表示“我自己”而不 是“你自己”，故 yourself 改为 myself 。 第六处： earned → earn考查时态。句意：更重要的是，我甚至通过卖邮票赚钱，我的收藏 会随着时间的推移变得更有价值。文章的基础时态为一般现在时，此处也应该用一般现在时， 主语是 I，谓语动词用复数，故 earned 改为 earn 。 第七处： Therefore → However 考查副词。句意：然而，我父母极力反对我集邮。“我喜欢 集邮”与“父母反对我集邮”之间是转折而非因果关系，故 Therefore 改为 However 。 第八处： waste 前加 a 考查固定短语。句意：他们认为这是浪费钱，他们还认为整理邮票可 能会占用我太多的时间，而我应该把这些时间花在学习上。 a waste of 表示“浪费⋯⋯”，故 waste 前加 a。 第九处： that → which 考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系 词指代先行词 time 并在从句中作主语，而 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，故 that 改为 which 。 第十处： What → How 考查疑问词。句意：我怎样才能说服他们支持我的爱好呢？根据句意 可知此处表示“如何”而不是“什么”，故 What 改为 How 。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 假定你是李华，你的朋友 Alice 听说今年的清明节为了表达全国各地人民对抗击 COVID- 19 牺牲的烈士 (martyrs) 和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，你们举行了全国性的哀悼活动 (a national mourning) ，她想了解基本情况。请你给她回封邮件，内容包括： 1. 哀悼的形式； 2. 活动的意义； 3.你的感想。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 提示词： tomb-sweeping day 清明节 observe silence 默哀 half-mast 降半旗 blast horns 鸣笛 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 【范文】 Dear Alice, Knowing that you have an interest in our national mourning held on this tomb sweeping day, I am writing to share with you the relevant information. We held this mourning for martyrs who died in the fight against COVID-19 as well as for the people dying of the infection with the disease. At 10 a.m. on April 4th, all Chinese people observed three minutes of silence, all national flags flew at half-mast across the country and public recreational activities were delayed. Undoubtedly, this mourning will have a far-reaching impact on every one of us and it will be stuck in our mind forever. We will remember all the sacrifices people make in the fight against the outbreak. Thanks again for your care and concern. If you still have questions, I am at your service. Yours, Li Hua 新的一年孕育着新的希望，我希望我们每一位员工都能认清当下形势，积极提高意识，认真 落实到行动，对工作能够充满信心，充满激情，这种激情首先源自于对这份工作的看中对你 团队的信任，如果你不信任团队，不重视工作，每天来上班消耗生命都是一种折磨，但相反， 对工作积极，对团队信任，自己的心情也能好上许多，同样是干活同样是挣钱为什么不给自 己创造一个愉悦点的环境呢。