【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文10篇训练（ 9页

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文10篇训练（‎ ‎【一】‎ Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.‎ But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day. ‎ According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.‎ Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in 1995 there are about 6，600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.‎ Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.‎ ‎25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________．‎ A. the social movement ‎ B. recycling techniques C. environmental problems D. the importance of Earth Day ‎ ‎26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?‎ A. The grassroots level. ‎ B. The business circle. ‎ C. Government officials.‎ D. University professors. ‎ ‎27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?‎ A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest. ‎ B. They have settled their environmental problems. ‎ C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.‎ D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.‎ ‎28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?‎ A. Education. B. Planning. ‎ C. Green living. D. CO reduction. ‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文作者通过把美国现在的环境问题和以前的环境问题进行比较，尤其是几项数据的对比，说明了人们的环境保护意识有了很大的提高。环境教育在这其中起了很大的作用。 ‎ ‎25. C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“‘We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，’says Bruce Anderson…”可知当时美国人对于环境问题没有足够的认识。‎ ‎26. A　信息理解题。第二段第二句“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.”强调了这项运动的主要支持者是那些美国的基层民众，因此答案为A。‎ ‎27. D　细节理解题。根据文章的第三段第一句可知汽车和卡车的排放量从10，300，000吨降到了5，500，000吨，故A项错误；根据第三段第二句可知一氧化碳排放超标的城市的数量从40个降到了9个，故C项错误；根据第三段第三句可知环境问题依然存在，有待解决，故B项错误；本段列举的数据证明了美国人采取了有效措施，减少了环境污染，因此答案为D。‎ ‎28. A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.”可知，现在几乎每个学校都有环境保护方面的教育内容，这说明教育在环境保护方面起了重要的作用。故A正确。‎ ‎【二】‎ With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.‎ All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting(警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.‎ This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 per cent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 per cent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 per cent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.‎ ‎43. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?‎ A. Many students are absent from class.‎ B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.‎ C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.‎ D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.‎ ‎44. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?‎ A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.‎ B. Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.‎ C. One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.‎ D. Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.‎ ‎45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”？ ‎ A. Criticized. B. Grouped. ‎ C. Organized. D. Named.‎ ‎46. What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A. Functions of the body clock.‎ B. The “night owl” phenomenon.‎ C. Human beings' sleep behaviour.‎ D. The school schedule of “early birds”．‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章开头以学生星期一早上上课时很多学生难以将他们的睡眠周期调整到正常模式为例，解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。‎ ‎43. C　推理判断题。文章开头通过举例说明了星期一早上上课时很多学生难以调整他们的睡眠模式。又根据首段的主旨句“Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.”可知答案为C。‎ ‎44. D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“…the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents…”可知优选的睡眠周期在青少年身上被推迟了，又根据第三段第一句“This is opposed to the‘early bird’schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.”可知，这种“night owl”现象是一种紊乱现象，并不是较优的睡眠周期，故选D。‎ ‎45. B　词义猜测题。根据此句语境可知，调查结果表明大约20%的人可归类为“猫头鹰型”，只有10%的人可以归为“早起型”。此处classify意为“归类，分类”。‎ ‎46. B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。‎ ‎【三】‎ A guide to the university Food The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.‎ If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.‎ Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.‎ Health Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.‎ Academic support All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door two 30minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.‎ Transportation The TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.‎ ‎36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?‎ A. Do homework and watch TV.‎ B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts. ‎ C. Have meals and meet with friends.‎ D. Add money to your ID and play chess.‎ ‎37. Where and when can you cook your own food?‎ A. The Globe, Friday.‎ B. The Lower Café， Sunday.‎ C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.‎ D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.‎ ‎38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________．‎ A. is open six days a week B. offers services free of charge C. trains students in medical care D. gives advice on mental health ‎39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?‎ A. By applying online.‎ B. By calling the centre.‎ C. By filling in a signup form.‎ D. By going to the centre directly.‎ ‎40. What is the function of TWU Express?‎ A. To carry students to the lecture halls.‎ B. To provide students with campus tours C. To take students to the Mattson Centre.‎ D. To transport students to and from the stores.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍了在大学里的生活指南。涉及食物、休闲、健康、学业帮助以及交通等方面的内容。‎ ‎36. C　细节理解题。本题问的是在In the TWU Cafeteria学生可以做的事，因此将注意力放在Food栏目下的第一段。根据这一段中的最后一句“…you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎37. A　细节理解题。根据题干中的cook your own food，可知它与第二个栏目Relaxation中的cooking对应，这是发生在the Globe，且时间是周一到周六的早上10点到晚上10点，由此可知A正确。‎ ‎38. D　细节理解题。根据题干中的the Wellness Centre，可知此题涉及的是Health部分。根据第一句中的“…is committed to physical, emotional and social health.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎39. C　细节理解题。根据题干中的the Writing Centre，可知此题涉及的是Academic Support部分。根据倒数第二句中的“You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door…”可知，申请时只要填写报名表格就行了，可知C项正确。‎ ‎40. D　细节理解题。根据题干中的TWU Expression可知此题涉及的是Transportation部分。根据第二句“The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre…”‎ 可知TWU Express的功能是在商店和商店之间运送学生，可知D项正确。‎ ‎【四】‎ Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.‎ In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe, be on time.Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social，preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls.‎ In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small，polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fastpaced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.‎ In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE，status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are onetoone，if your host offers you coffee，you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.‎ In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) in vital，something that comes from a deep respect for others' time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higherups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow ‎ formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.‎ ‎46．The passage is mainly about ________.‎ A．communication types B．the workplace atmosphere C．customs and social manners D．living conditions and standards ‎47．Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with the boss?‎ A．They put efficiency in the first place.‎ B．They dislike facetoface communication.‎ C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.‎ D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.‎ ‎48．In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?‎ A．When greeting seniors.‎ B．When meeting the host alone.‎ C．When attending a presentation.‎ D．When dining with business partners.‎ ‎49．In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?‎ A．In Brazil. ‎ B．In Singapore.‎ C．In the United Arab Emirates.‎ D．In Switzerland.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文是一则应用文，主要向读者介绍了不同国家的生意场上有不同的社交礼仪。‎ ‎46. C　主旨大意题。 从第一段的“Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.”‎ 知，本文主要讲述了生意场上的社交礼仪。故选C项。‎ ‎47. D　细节理解题。 从第三段的“Rank is important and authority is respected…people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.”可知，在新加坡，上下级关系明显，下级一般避免与上级争吵，而是服从上级。故选D项。‎ ‎48. B　细节理解题。 从第四段的“When meetings are onetoone, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse…”可知，当单独与主人一起时，他提出喝杯咖啡时，最好的礼仪是委婉地拒绝。故选B项。‎ ‎49. D　细节理解题。 从最后一段中的“The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table…”知，在瑞士人们吃饭的时候让双手放到桌上，这是瑞士传统的餐桌礼仪。故选D项。‎ ‎【五】‎