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专题五《完形填空议论、说明类》
（90分钟 142.5分）
考点01：冠词 3颗星
考点02：代词 3颗星
考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星
考点04: 名词 3颗星
考点05：主谓一致 5颗星
考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星
考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星
考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星
考点10：定语从句 3颗星
考点12 并列连词 4颗星
考点13 状语从句 3颗星
考点14：特殊句式 2颗星
考点21：完形填空说明文/ 议论文5颗星
一、完形填空
1 How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age.
As the society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and devoted.
1.A.designed B.selected C.improved D.discovered
2.A.completely B.generally C.apparently D.extremely
3.A.rapidly B.harmlessly C.endlessly D.separately
4.A.eventually B.hopelessly C.automatically D.desperately
5.A.busier B.longer C.richer D.happier
6.A.finishing B.guiding C.waiting D.dividing
7.A.stress B.damage C.decline D.failure
8.A.survive B.enjoy C.remember D.value
9.A.problems B.fears C.worries D.diseases
10.A.poor B.young C.sick D.quiet
11.A.changes B.recovery C.safety D.increases
12.A.dreams B.chances C.strengths D.choices
13.A.mind B.appearance C.voice D.movement
14.A.protection B.suggestions C.contributions D.permission
15.A.sound B.appear C.turn D.stay
2.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history man has to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they 1 . Yet, all 2 things still show the effect of aging, which will eventually 3 death.
Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期),the cells of the body and the 4 they form do not function as well as they 5 in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less 6 against diseases and is more 7 to have an accident.
A number of related causes may 8 aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not 9 when they die. As a person ages, 10 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. 11 body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the 12 cells may not be as workable or as capable 13 growth as those of a young person.
Another 14 in aging may be changes within the cells 15 . Some of the protein chemicals are known 16 with age and become less elastic(有弹性的).This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and 17 . This is also the reason why old people 18 in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and 19 information that the cells need. Aging may affect this 20 and change the information- carrying molecules(分子)so that they do not transmit(发送) the information either.
1.A.would B.be used to C.used to D.used
2.A.lively B.living C.alive D.live
3.A.lead in B.give in C.run into D.result in
4.A.hands B.feet C.heart D.organs
5.A.do B.has done C.did D.had done
6.A.energy B.protection C.power D.prevention
7.A.likely B.probable C.possible D.alike
8.A.attend to B.contribute to C.add to D.devote to
9.A.replaced B.reborn C.recovered D.surrounded
10.A.a number B.the amount C.the number D.a great deal
11.A.The others B.The other C.Another D.Other
12.A.old B.left C.new D.other
13.A.to B.for C.of D.in
14.A.factor B.effect C.condition D.form
15.A.for themselves B.of themselves C.themselves D.on their own
16.A.change B.to have changed C.to change D.to be changed
17.A.hangs loose B.hangs loosely C.is hanging loosely D.is hanging loose
18.A.increase B.shrink C.lengthen D.decrease
19.A.pass away B.pass by C.pass off D.pass on
20.A.improvement B.procession C.approach D.process
二、语法填空
3. In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ① __________Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ②__________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ③__________(create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ④__________(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, ⑤__________the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ⑥__________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ⑦__________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ⑧__________(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ⑨__________(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ⑩__________their hands.
4 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ① (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ② (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ③ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused ④ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive ⑤ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent ⑥ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ⑦ (regular). Give your body and brain
a rest by stepping outside for ⑧ while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ⑨ (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, ⑩ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
5.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chuck Wall teaches management and human relations at Bakersfield College. He walked into class one day and told his students that their homework was to perform a simple and random act of kindness. Not ①__________(understand) the homework, the students didn’t know what to do. Chuck didn’t answer their questions. ②__________, he encouraged his students to work it out by themselves.
One week later, the students entered the classroom and began sharing their stories ③__________(excited). One reported on helping a poor dog ④__________(abandon) by its owner. Another student told others about giving blankets away to the homeless. Gradually, more and more students developed the habit of doing such kind acts, from ⑤__________they benefited a lot.
Since then, similar kind acts ⑥__________(perform) in schools around the world. Many schools organize a. Random Acts of Kindness Week, around November 13th, ⑦__________(celebrate) World Kindness Day. Some schools use each day of Random Acts of Kindness Week to perform a ⑧__________(differ) kind act, such ⑨__________making a new friend, helping someone, doing community service or raising money for a charity. In this way, students learn to consider other people and think about how small actions can make the world a ⑩__________(good) place.
6. In Chinese culture, each year is related to ①__________Chinese animal according to the 12-year cycle. 2018 is an Earth Dog Year. People born during the year of dog ②__________(believe) to take after some of the animal’s characteristics, such as loyalty, patience, and reliability.
Zodiac(黄道) theory also relates to Chinese elemental theory, ③ __________associates the 12 animals with one of five elements :metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The five elements ④__________(combine) with the 12 zodiac signs produce a 60-year cycle. Zodiac animals have both fixed and non-fixed elements attached ⑤__________them. For example, the dog (as well as the dragon, ox, and goat) is always associated with the earth element. ⑥__________the year of 2018 is considered an earth year according to the Chinese solar calendar, those born in 2018 are considered earth dogs, which carry characteristics like being communicative and responsible at work. Though dogs are ⑦__________(general ) associated with earth, those born during the metal dog year are believed to be conservative and ⑧__________(caution) in nature. As Dogs are not good at communication, it is difficult for them to convey their ⑨__________(think) to others. Therefore, Dogs tend to leave others with the impression that they have a stubborn ⑩__________(personal) , but they are indeed loyal to their families and friends.
参考答案
一、完形填空
答案： 1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A; 5.B; 6.D; 7.C; 8.A; 9.D; 10.B; 11.A; 12.B; 13.A; 14.C; 15.D
解析： 这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的,但是随着社会的发展,生活水平的提高,人们的寿命比以前更长了,而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态,为社会做贡献。
1、A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计;selected 选择,挑选;improved 提高,改善;discovered发现。根据句意可知,科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁,故应选A。
2、D考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地;generally 一般地;apparently 显然地;extremely极其,非常。根据句意可知,如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运,人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
3、C考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地;harmlessly 无害地;endlessly 无止境的;separately 分离地,分开地。根据文意可知,因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生,因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。
4、A考查副词及语境的理解。句意:他们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽,结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终;hopelessly 没有希望地;automatically 自动地;desperately绝望地,自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。
5、B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:尽管我们不能永久的活着,我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的;longer 更长的;richer 更富有的;happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知,现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
6、D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:作为中年和老年的分界线,65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成;guiding 指导,指引;waiting 等待;dividing划分。根据文意可知,把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线,这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线,故选D。
7、C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:毕竟,很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力,压迫;damage 损坏;decline 衰落,衰弱;failure失败。根据句意可知,现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的,故选C。
8、A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存;enjoy 喜欢,欣赏;remember 记得;value价值,估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知,现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来,故选A。
9、D考查名词及语境的理解。句意:在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前,很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题;fears 恐惧,害怕;worries 担心;diseases 疾病。根据句意可知,以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死,所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
10、B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:既然年少夭折的可能性更低了,那么活得更长的机会就更高了,因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的;young 年轻的;sick 病的;quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知,以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了,dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
11、A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变;recovery 恢复;safety 安全;increases 增长,增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知,我们现在的人口结构改变了,故选A。
12、B考查名词及语境的理解。句意:一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处,然而还有一些人看到的是机会,而不是灾难。dreams 梦想;chances 机会;strengths 力量;choices 选择。根据句意可知,这句话中的while 表示对比,即跟前一种人不一样的看法,故选B。
13、A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:现在,很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士,身体都非常健康,仍然积极,心态也很年轻。mind 心态;appearance 外表;voice 声音;movement移动。根据句意可知,这里应该是说虽然年龄老了,但是心态依然年轻,故选A。
14、C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:随着我们的社会老龄化,我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护;suggestions 建议;contributions 贡献;permission允许。根据文意可知,现在的社会逐渐老龄化,因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献,故选C。
15、D考查动词及语境的理解。句意:前面还有很长的寿命,他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来;appear 好像;出现;turn 转,变成;stay保持。根据文意可知,现在人们的寿命更长了,因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态,为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
考点:社会现象类短文。
2.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D; 5.C; 6.B; 7.A; 8.B; 9.A; 10.C; 11.D; 12.C; 13.C; 14.A; 15.C; 16.C; 17.A; 18.B; 19.D; 20.D
二、语法填空
3.答案：and; be made; to create; using; as/when; gradually; who; development; were; with
解析：本题主要考查词法和句法知识,集中考查了词性转换,并列句,定语从句,状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。
①.考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家,它们是并列关系,故填and。
②.考查固定词组。sth. be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。.....某物由......制成,情态动词后跟动词原形,故填be made。
③.考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来,以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的,故填to create。
④.考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物,用树枝把锅移开,use的逻辑主语是people,两者是主动关系,用现在分词表示伴随状况,故填using。
⑤.考查时间状语从句。句意:随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样可以煮得快一点,这里是时间状语从句,when意为“当……时候”,后跟长动作或短动作,故填as/when。
⑥.考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词,这里修饰动词短语turned into,应该用副词,故填gradually。
⑦.考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号,说明是非限制性定语从句,先行词是Confucius筷子,定语从句缺少主语,且指人,故填who。
⑧.考查词性转换。the+名词+of,意为“……的……”,这里指“筷子的发展”,故填development。
⑨.考查时态。根据句意可知,这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用,believed后跟一个宾语从句,and连接了两个并列的谓语,主语knives是复数,根据时态一致的原则,这里用一般过去时,故填were。
⑩.考查介词。句意:在印度,大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法——用手拿,with+表示具体工具的名词,故填with。
答案： greater; achievement; is; on; as; studies; regularly; a; to bring; make
解析： 本文属于说明,告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候,应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
1.考察比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less 是并列关系,使用相同的比较级形式greater .
2.考察名词。横线前面有介词of ,横线上要使用名词achievemnet 作为of的宾语。句意:首先处理重要的事情,那么你会有成就感。
3.考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving.....tomorrow”在句中做主语,谓语动词使用单数形式,所以使用is。
4.考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....;很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。
5. 考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样;正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中,所以我们要早起,要和午饭之前一样的高效率。
6.考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show,说明主语是复数名词studies。
7.考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词,形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
8.考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会;本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情,让你的身体和思维休息一会。
9.考察形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth 可能做某事;你就不太可能把工作带回家去做,因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。
10.考察祈使句。本剧中动词短语make sure 放在句首,构成祈使句。句意:要保证它是让你释放,而不是让你担忧的事。
5.答案：understanding; Instead; excitedly; abandoned; which; have been performed; to celebrate; different; as; better
6.答案：a; are believed; which; combined; to; Since/As/Because; generally ; cautious ; thoughts/thinking; personality
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