【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致的核心考点练与析学案（4页word版） 5页

‎2018届二轮复习 主谓一致的核心考点练与析 ‎1．就近一致原则 ‎(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.‎ ‎(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.‎ ‎2．意义一致原则 ‎(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ‎①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。‎ Politics is his favorite subject.‎ ‎②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。‎ Do you know when the United Nations was set up?‎ ‎(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The police are searching for the murderer.‎ ‎(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ‎①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.‎ ‎②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The poor were looked down upon in the old days.‎ ‎3．语法一致原则 ‎(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ‎①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。‎ The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.‎ ‎②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。‎ The teacher and the poet have just arrived.‎ ‎③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。‎ Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.‎ ‎④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Bread and butter is not to his taste.‎ ‎(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Is fifty pounds enough?‎ ‎(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Twothirds of the books are about science.‎ Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.‎ ‎(4)主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather ‎ than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。‎ Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.‎ 题组训练1‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Either you or the headmaster is(be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.‎ ‎2．The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，was visiting(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.‎ ‎3．Two fifths of the land in that district is(be) covered with trees and grass.‎ ‎4．With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed(wash) away each year.‎ ‎5．He is the only one of the students who has been(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎1．The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party.或The singer and dancer to attend our evening party.‎ ‎2．They each an apple.‎ ‎3．He joins the football team who all famous footballers.‎ ‎4．Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters， going to visit Beijing this summer.‎ ‎5．As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area repairing.‎ ‎6．Those who to sing can join us.‎