上海市长宁区2021届高三上学期质量调研英语试题 Word版含解析 29页

2020 学年第一学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷 （满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. $10. B. $17. C. $100. D. $70. 2. A. At a department store. B. At an airport. C. At a hospital. D. At a hotel. 3. A. Patient and doctor. B. Coach and athlete. C. Student and teacher. D. Boss and secretary. 4. A. Looking at a map. B. Going on a diet. C. Attending a party. D. Talking to Mary. 5. A. Go for an outing. B. Buy some clothes. C. Go swimming. D. Forecast the weather. 6. A. She fully agrees with the man. B. She is uncertain about the weather. C. She disagrees with the man. D. She thinks the man is always late. 7. A. Dr Brian is always busy on Mondays. B. A waiter visited Dr Brian last Monday. C. Patients can usually see Dr. Brian as scheduled. D. Dr. Brian forgot to put the man on the schedule. 8. A. She speaks highly of the man’s decision. B. She is crazy about skydiving in the countryside. C. She advises the man to go on holiday with Marc. D. She suggests that the man reconsider his plan. 9. A. Tom survived the accident unbelievably. B. The police helped him come out of the car. C. The wall was knocked down completely. D. Tom’s car was still in good condition. 10. A. It’s convenient to shop in supermarkets. B. Convenience stores are not really convenient. C. Certain items sell well in convenience stores. D. Customers pay more in convenience stores. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read nice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The balance between school work and exercise. B. The link between a healthy body and a healthy mind. C. The change of the timetable in public schools. D. The strong scientific evidence of staying healthy. 12. A. By allowing students to do physical exercise. B. By asking students to do problem-solving tasks. C. By doing experiments on American students. D. By persuading teachers to improve students’ grades. 13. A. Students had more chances to do exercise. B. Physical education courses became popular. C. Students did better in their school work. D. Running for 40 minutes a day was required. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Sisters. B. Classmates. C. Relatives. D. Pen friends. 15. A. The club encouraged its members to make friends. B. Making a long-distance call at that time was costly. C. Writing to each other helped to improve school work. D. Instant communication wasn’t available for average people. 16. A. Maggie and Tessa had met before. B. Tessa’s long blond hair was eye-catching. C. Tessa called Maggie with a cellphone. D. Maggie’s grandchildren spotted Tessa. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The great demand for tourists. B. The endangered food supplies. C. The difficulty to keep warm. D. The extreme and changeable weather. 18. A. It’s going to rain. B. A clear sky will appear soon. C. It’s going to snow. D. It will be unseasonably warm. 19. A. Once a week. B. Three times a day. C. Every other day. D. Twice a week. 20. A. To enjoy a bird’s-eye view of Alaska. B. To learn how to fly a bush plane there. C. To experience sending mails to St Lawrence. D. To help to take food supplies to Alaska. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. For perhaps the first time in the history of modern education, millions of primary and secondary students may begin the new school year from home. Pupils in England should return to schools in September, but Covid-19 cases ___1___（rise）, so this may not be possible. Scientists also warn that there will be many more cases when pupils return to schools. Some parents may choose not to send their children back___2___their family’s safety. Teachers are worried about children who___3___（fall） behind in their school work. Parents and carers are feeling anxious about the need to balance work and home schooling, But an experiment by an 18th-century French schoolmaster, Jackboot, may help them to worry less about home schooling. Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his students a novel___4___（write）in his mother tongue and a French dictionary. He encouraged them to teach themselves. It worked. Learning does not only happen when someone older put information into the learner’s mind. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial and error, from learning to ride a bike to___5___（use） a new technology. Learning happens when you ask children difficult questions at the dinner table, encourage them to build a tree-house or find things for themselves on Wikipedia. In the 18th century, when only the sons of rich men got a school education, Jackboot wanted to show___6___poor children could learn. Parents could teach them by encouraging and asking questions. It’s the same today.___7___ students have the right resources___8___（explore） ideas for themselves, many people can “teach”-including carers and parents during a pandemic（流行 病）. However, some poorer students will do worse___9___they do not have access to the Internet. Jackboot showed that learning does not only happen in a classroom and that human beings are learning beings: they know hardly anything at birth____10____seek out and develop incredible capacities. That should make us less worried about children during this difficult time and more hopeful about ourselves. 【答案】1. are rising/have been rising 2. for 3. have fallen 4. written 5. using 6. how 7. If 8. to explore 9. because/as 10. but 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章以 Jackboot 的教学方法为例，介绍了在疫情期间，怎样解决孩子的 学习问题。 【1 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：英格兰的学生应该在九月份返回学校，但是 2019 冠状病毒疾病的案 例一直在上升，所以这可能是不可能的。根据上下文以及句意可知，此处表达冠状病毒疾病 的病例一直在上升，还有继续上升的趋势，所以应用现在进行时或现在完成进行时来表达。 因主语为名词复数，故填 are rising/have been rising。 【2 题详解】 考查介词。有些父母为了家人的安全，可能选择不把孩子送回去。根据句意可知，有些父母 之所以选择不把孩子送回学校是为了家人的安全，for“（表示目的）为了”为介词。故填 for。 【3 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：老师们担心那些在学业上落后的孩子们。根据句意可知，此处应用现 在完成时，表达过去发生的动作对现在的影响，其结构为 have+动词过去分词，定语从句中 主语为 who，指代先行词 children，为复数。故填 have fallen。 【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词过去分词。句意：他给学生们一本用他的母语写的小说和一本法语词典。分 析句子可知，空格处为后置定语修饰前面名词，动词 write 和所修饰的名词 novel 之间是被 动关系，所以需要用过去分词。故填 written。 【5 题详解】 考查非谓语动名词。句意：想想看，从学习骑自行车到使用新技术，儿童甚至成年人从反复 试验中学习的频率有多高。from…to…“从……到……”是介词固定搭配，因此处 to 为介词， 后面应接动名词作宾语，故填 using。 【6 题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。在 18 世纪，当只有富人的儿子才能接受学校教育时，Jackboot 想要 展示穷人的孩子是如何学习的。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，应填宾语从句引导词， 根据后文“Parents could teach them by encouraging and asking questions.”可知，是在谈论学 习的方式，所以应填表示方式的连接副词 how。故填 how。 【7 题详解】 考查条件状语从句连词。如果一些学生有适当的资源为自己探索思想，许多人可以进行“教 学 ” 的 工 作 —— 包 括 在 大 流 行 病 期 间 的 护 理 人 员 和 家 长 。 根 据 句 意 可 知 ， 前 文 “___7___students have the right resources___8___（explore） ideas for themselves,”是后文 “many people can “teach”-including carers and parents during a pandemic（流行病）”的条件， 空格处应填 if 来引导条件状语从句。故填 if。 【8 题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：如果学生们有合适的资源来探索自己的想法，许多人可以进行“教 学”的工作——包括在大流行期间的护理人员和家长。根据句意可知，空格处应用动词不定 式作后置定语修饰前面名词。故填 to explore。 【9 题详解】 考查原因状语引导词（从属连词）。句意：然而，一些较穷的学生会表现得更糟，因为他们 无法上网。上文“However, some poorer students will do worse”和下文“they do not have access to the Internet”是因果关系，所以此处应填表示原因的连词 because/as 等。故填 because/as。 【10 题详解】 考查连词。句意：Jackboot 表明，学习不仅仅发生在教室里，人类也是学习型的人：他们 在出生时几乎什么都不知道，但却在寻找和发展令人难以置信的能力。下文“seek out and develop incredible capacities”和上文“they know hardly anything at birth”是转折关系，所以 应填表示转折的连词 but。故填 but。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. curiosity B. inspired C. vision D. communication E. possibilities F. committed G. hooked H. investigate I. challenging J. recognize K. attention I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems in seventh grade. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time, I was___11___. It was an old Teletype machine. But it changed my life. When my friend and I started Microsoft, we had a___12___of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded too optimistic, but we believed personal computers would change the world. And they have. After 30 years, I’m still as___13___by computers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our___14___and inventiveness to help us solve problems. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build___15___around the things we care about and stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. Like my friend Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work.” My job at Microsoft is as___16___as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can___17___your handwriting or your speech, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC！” I believe that my own fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife and I have___18___to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible. I’m still optimistic, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, and new___19___paid to the health problems in the world. I’m excited by the____20____I see for medicine, for education and of course for technology, And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime. 【答案】11. G 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. I 17. J 18. F 19. K 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章中作者讲述自己一直都是一个乐观主义者，他认为这植根于自己的信 念，即创造力和智慧的力量可以让世界变得更美好。并且作者用自己的经历和见闻来说明自 己的信念。 【11 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我第一次坐在电脑旁边时，我就被它迷住了。根据空格 前“was”为系动词，后应跟形容词作表语，以及前一句中“I’ve loved learning new things…”我喜欢学习新的事物，可知此处应填 hooked“对……入迷的；被……迷住的”。 故选 G。 【12 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：30 年前，当我和朋友保罗创办微软时，我们有一个让每家每户， 每张办公桌上都有电脑的幻想。根据空格前 we had a 可知，空格处应填名词。vision“幻想， 想象，画面”。故选 C。 【13 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：30 年后，我仍然受到电脑的激励，跟我上七年级时一样。空格 后的介词“by”为被动的标识。inspire“鼓舞，激励，启发”，此处用被动形式 inspired。 故选 B。 【14 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为电脑是最神奇的工具，我们可以使用它来满足我们的好奇 心和发明创造能力，来帮助我们解决问题。根据上文 we can use to feed our 可知空格处应填 名词作 feed 的宾语。curiosity“好奇心”。故选 A。 【15 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：电脑可以帮助我们围绕我们关注的事物建立通信，并且让我们和 那些对自己重要的人保持密切联系，不管他们身处何方。根据空格前 build 可知此处应填名 词“通信”；communication“通信系统，通话”。故选 D。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在微软的工作永远充满挑战，但是让我一直坚持“踢踏舞工 作”的是……。根据文中 is as ___ as 可知空格处应填形容词。challenging“有挑战性的”。 故选 I。 【17 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：……是当我们向人们展示某些新成果时，当他们看到计算机能辨 认笔迹，语音，他们会说“我不知道你竟然可以用个人电脑做这么多事”。根据空格前 can 可知此处应填动词，recognize “辨认出，辨别出”。故选 J。 【18 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和我的妻子致力于为尽可能多的人改善健康和教育。根据文中 I have ____to…可知此处应填动词，时态为现在完成时，commit to “致力于，全心全意”， have committed 现在完成时。故选 F。 【19 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到治疗致命疾病的新药，并且全世界的健康问题也得到的 重视。pay attention to…“关注”。故选 K。 【20 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我为医药，教育，当然还有技术发展的诸多可能性而欢欣鼓舞。 根据空格前 the 可知此处应填名词。possibility“可能性”。故选 E。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Since Peter Singer published Animal Liberation in 1975, animal rights activists thought animals should be granted the same rights as humans. Referring to scientific studies showing animals___21___“human characteristics”, they argue animals should be protected with the same rights. So why don’t animals have the same legal status (身份) as humans？ The line of reasoning in favor of granting animals equal rights to humans___22___the fact that scientists have found characteristics in animals we normally___23___with humans. A group of scientists showed monkeys demonstrate self-consciousness at the same level as humans. This has usually served as a justification for human rights, so why don’t we grant equal rights to monkeys？ The truth is,___24___convincing scientific evidence, the argument for granting at least some animals the same rights as humans can’t be justified philosophically. An adequate argument for animal rights would require further philosophical inquiry and not just descriptive___25___. We can feel pity for animals being treated badly and strive to protect them from such treatment. This,___26___, doesn’t mean animals should enjoy the same legal status as humans. There is a strong reason for___27___that rights only apply to humans. While fundamental rights surely are valuable in their nature, they would be worthless without a system to___28___them. That is why we expect other people to respect our rights. The system that defends our rights is the fact that other people are obliged by___29___in their behaviors towards us. In our daily life, we experience numerous situations in which bad guys could____30____from violating (侵犯) our rights. Nevertheless, we see, of course, with some exceptions, that individuals cooperate and respect other people’s rights. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin, and one cannot____31____to have certain rights without having to observe the duties. If it is my claim to live freely on my property without being bothered, my neighbor’s duty prevents him from violating my right to property and life. Suppose, however, he breaks in and damages my property. He will then be held responsible in a court of law, for he has____32____his duty to respect my rights. This is completely reasonable, but we will certainly face____33____if my property was violated by an elephant. If we assume that animals are granted the same legal status as humans,____34____requires that we now drag he elephant into court. Remember, if an animal were to have such rights, it would logically also have social duties. Therefore, it is now____35____to the same legal procedures as humans. This raises practical questions: Who will defend the animal in court？And will the animal be able to comprehend what is going on？ 21. A. acquiring B. desiring C. displaying D. respecting 22. A. explores B. challenge C. overlooks D. emphasizes 23. A. treat B. associate C. deal D. bear 24. A. considering B. despite C. instead of D. according to 25. A. conclusions B. performances C. experiments D. messages 26. A. in return B. for instance C. therefore D. however 27. A. denying B. maintaining C. recognizing D. suggesting 28. A. approve B. demand C. ensure D. reserve 29. A. contracts B. possession C. faith D. duties 30. A. profit B. keep C. learn D. result 31. A. afford B. claim C. pretend D. determine 32. A. assigned B. declared C. failed D. fulfilled 33. A. dangers B. questions C. charges D. obstacles 34. A. agreement B. justice C. criticism D. frustration 35. A. open B. addicted C. subject D. relevant 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章在讨论动物是否应该有和人类一样的权力和法律地位？文章指出，享 有权力的同时要履行义务，如果动物享有和人类同样的权力，是否能履行同等的义务呢？能 否为自己的行为负责呢？ 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们提到科学研究表明动物表现出“人类特征”，认为动物应该 受到同样权利的保护。A. acquiring 获得；B. desiring 渴望；C. displaying 表现（特性或情感 等）；D. respecting 尊敬。根据空格后“human characteristics”可知，应该是动物“表现出” 人类特征，才应该受到同样权利的保护。故选 C 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：支持给予动物与人类平等权利的观点强调了这样一个事实：科学 家已经在动物身上发现了我们通常认为人类才有的特征。A. explores 探索；B. challenge 挑 战；C. overlooks 忽略；D. emphasizes 强调。根据空格后“the fact that…”可知，空格后面 陈述的是一个客观事实，这是支持给予动物与人类平等权利的观点的事实依据，由此可知， 这里应该是为了支持自己的观点，“强调”了这个事实。故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：支持给予动物与人类平等权利的观点强调了这样一个事实：科学 家已经在动物身上发现了我们通常认为人类才有的特征。A. treat 对待，治疗；B. associate 联系；C. deal 应对，对付；D. bear 忍受。根据空格前“characteristics”和空格后“with humans”可知，科学家在动物身上发现的特征，通常是与人类联系在一起的，也就是说， 是人类常见的特征，associate with 意为“与……联系在一起”，符合句意。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】 考查介词/介词短语词义辨析。句意：事实是，尽管有令人信服的科学证据，但至少给予一 些动物与人类同样的权利的论点在哲学上是不合理的。A. considering 考虑；B. despite 尽管； C. instead of 代替；D. according to 根据，按照。根据空格后“the argument for granting at least some animals the same rights as humans can’t be justified philosophically”可知，上文提到的论 点在哲学上是不合理的，由此可知，空格处句子表示“尽管”有令人信服的科学证据，但在 哲学上是不合理的。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物权利的充分论证需要进一步的哲学调查，而不仅仅是描述性 的结论。A. conclusions 结论；B. performances 表演；C. experiments 实验；D. messages 信息。 根据空格前“require further philosophical inquiry”和“not”可知，空格前后为转折关系，需 要的是进一步的哲学调查，由此可知，不能仅仅是给出“结论”。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查短语/副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着动物应该享有和人类一样的法律地位。 A. in return 作为回报；B. for instance 例如；C. therefore 因此；D. however 然而。结合上下文， 上文提到我们对动物受到的虐待感到同情并努力保护它们免受这种待遇，下文提到这并不意 味着动物应该享有和人类一样的法律地位，上下文为转折关系，however 意为“然而”，表 示转折关系，符合语境。故选 D 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个强有力的理由来坚持这种权利只适用于人类。A. denying 否认；B. maintaining 维持，坚持；C. recognizing 承认；D. suggesting 建议。结合下文内容 可知，下文阐述的是虽然基本权利在本质上确实是有价值的，但如果没有一个制度来确保这 些权利，这些权利将毫无价值。由此可知，下文阐述的内容是用来支持权利只适用于人类这 一观点的，所以下文提到的理由应该是用来“坚持”这种权利只适用于人类的。故选 B 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然基本权利在本质上确实是有价值的，但如果没有一个制度来 确保这些权利，这些权利将毫无价值。A. approve 赞成；B. demand 要求；C. ensure 确保， 保证；D. reserve 预定。根据上文“they would be worthless”可知，应该是如果没有一个制 度来“确保”这些权利，这些权利将毫无价值，没有制度保证的权力就相当于没有权利。故 选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：保护我们权利的制度是这样一个事实：其他人对我们的行为负有 义务。A. contracts 合同；B. possession 拥有，财产；C. faith 信任；D. duties 责任，义务。根 据后文“Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin, and one cannot _____ to have certain rights without having to observe the duties.”可知，权利和义务是一枚硬币的两面，不履行义 务就不能要求拥有某些权利。由此可知，空格处指的是其他人对我们的行为是负有“义务” 的。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们经历了许多坏人可以从侵犯我们的权 利中获利的情况。A. profit 获利；B. keep 保持；C. learn 学习；D. result 导致，产生。根据 后文“from violating (侵犯) our rights”可知，坏人应该是从侵犯我们的权利中“获利”， profit from 意为“得益于……”。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：权利和义务是一枚硬币的两面，不履行义务就不能要求拥有某些 权利。A. afford 买得起；B. claim 索取；C. pretend 假装；D. determine 决定。根据句中“Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin”可知，权利和义务是一枚硬币的两面，由此可知， 不履行义务就不能“要求”拥有某些权利，claim to 意为“要求”，为固定搭配。故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将在法庭上被追究责任，因为他没有尽到尊重我权利的义务。 A. assigned 分配；B. declared 宣布；C. failed 失败，未能（做到）；D. fulfilled 履行，执行。 根据句中“He will then be held responsible in a court of law”可知，他是因为“没有”尽到尊 重我权利的义务，才被追究责任，failed 意为“未能（做到）”，符合句意。故选 C 项。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是完全合理的，但如果我的财产被大象侵犯，我们肯定会面临 障碍。A. dangers 危险；B. questions 问题；C. charges 指控；D. obstacles 障碍。根据句意可 知，如果我的财产被大象侵犯，大象是无法承担责任的，由此可知，我们肯定会面临维权的 “障碍”。故选 D 项。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们假设动物被赋予与人类同样的法律地位，那么法律制度 就要求我们现在就把大象拖上法庭。A. agreement 协议；B. justice 法律制度；C. criticism 批 评；D. frustration 沮丧，挫败。根据空格前“If we assume that animals are granted the same legal status as humans”可知，如果动物和人类法律地位一样，大象就应该为它的行为负责，由此 可知，是“法律制度”要求把大象拖上法庭审判。故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，它现在受到与人类相同的法律程序的约束。A. open 开 放的；B. addicted 上瘾的；C. subject 服从于，受……支配；D. relevant 相关的。根据上文可 知如果一个动物享有权利，它也要履行责任和义务，由此可知，它现在受到与人类相同的法 律程序的“约束”，be subject to 意为“服从于，受……支配”，为固定短语，句中指受法 律程序的支配。故选 C 项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The first thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill, By nine months, a baby’s face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult’s. Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn’t work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don’t recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when they see this unfamiliar face. Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color blindness. Colorblind people can’t see the difference between certain colors such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different colors. There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being. people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they will find a cure. 36. The first paragraph is mainly about ____________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 37. When do people have the keen skills of face-recognition? A. At birth. B. In adolescence. C. Half a year old. D. Nine months old. 38. The bold word “startled” in the 3rd paragraph is closes in meaning to _______________. A. confused B. surprised C. excited D. depressed 39. What does the author think of the problem of face blindness? A. People need to take it seriously. B. It affects a great number of people. C. It can be cured in the near future. D. Certain techniques can make up for it. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了面部识别方面的有关知识以及有些人存在面部识别的问题。 【36 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几 乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选 B 项。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Babies are highly skilled at face recognition at six months.”（六 个月大的婴儿面部识别能力很强。）可知人们在半周岁时具备敏锐的面部识别技能。故选 C 项。 【38 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror.”（严重的脸盲症患者甚至不能认出自己的脸。事实上，有这种情况的人有时候在照 镜子的时候会感到惊恐）可知，一些脸盲症患者不认识自己的脸，照镜子都会害怕，再根据 “They don’t recognize their own face,”（他们不认识自己的脸）可知，他们因为不认识自己 的脸，所以看到一张陌生的面孔时会感到惊恐，startled 应和 frightened“受惊的”接近，选 项中 surprised 与之词义最为接近。故选 B 项。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being. people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they will find a cure.”（ 脸盲症没有治疗方法。所以 目前来说。脸盲症患者需要找到简单的技术来弥补他们的问题。他们可以尝试通过发型、声 音或眼镜来识别人。）可知，某些技术可以弥补脸盲症患者的问题。故选 D 项。 B CAREERS&MANAGEMENT Many large companies now use applicant-tracking systems（ATSs）. As the name suggests, such systems help recruiters track and manage applicants. They also select the best candidates and filter out the rest. How can you make sure that your application gets past the robots and reaches a human recruiter？ Here’s what the expert, DEBORAH CAPRAS, says. Use the right format（格式） Most applications are removed because they are not formatted in way these systems can read and interpret: Amanda Augustine, career expert at Presumption, explains to CNBC Make It. Check which format is specified in the job ad before you upload your application. It’s usually Microsoft Word format. Keep it simple Avoid columns and tables, as many systems have problems recognizing where these start and end. According to Alludes, a specialist recruitment company, you should keep the structure and format simple. “Don’t get fancy”, advises Alludes on its blog. Use standard fonts（Arial or Caliban）. Excessive formatting or decorative elements might present an unreadable mess to the ATSs. Stick to traditions Use traditional categories, such as “Achievements”, “Education”, “Professional qualifications”, “Skills” and “Work experience”. These systems are programmed to sort the information into such categories. “There is no standard you have to follow,” says Nick Francis of Silencer, “but you should stick to the most popular or most frequently used ones to be safe.” he tells CNBC Make It. Understand the algorithms（算法） “ATS algorithms aren’t that different from the human algorithms,” Jon Shields, marketing manager at Jacobson, tells The Muse. “We’re all kind of skimming for the same things,” he says. The system first skims your application for specific key words, then it ranks candidates who match the job description well. This doesn’t mean you should copy and paste directly from the job description into your application. You should reuse expressions that are recognized industry terms. This is important when listing job titles, qualifications or achievements. If you’re not sure which ones to include, use an online tool to find the right words. Basically, even if you are highly qualified, unless you include the right search terms in your application, a human recruiter will never meet you. 40. Applicant-tracking systems（ATSs）are used for ________. A. formatting the uploaded applications B. collecting applicants’ data from their applications C. helping companies find qualified candidates D. promoting applicants’ career development 41. Which of the following is NOT DEBORAH CAPRAS’ advice？ A. Check the format used in your application before uploading it. B. Keep the structure and format of your application simple. C. Stick to the most popular or frequently used categories. D. Avoid using expressions that are recognized industry terms. 42. This brochure mainly talks about _______________. A. where applicants should send their applications. B. how applicants could get their applications past ATSs. C. what applicants must do in preparing for an interview. D. why ATS algorithms work in the same way as human’s. 【答案】40. C 41. D 42. B 【解析】 本文是说明文。关于求职者如何确保他们的申请通过 ATSs 系统的审核，文章提出了几条建 议。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“As the name suggests, such systems help recruiters track and manage applicants. They also select the best candidates and filter out the rest.（顾名思义，这类系 统可以帮助招聘人员跟踪和管理求职者。他们也会选出最好的候选人，然后过滤掉剩下 的。）”可知，申请人跟踪系统（ATSs）是用来帮助公司从求职者中筛选出合格的候选人。 故选 C。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。在文章中，DEBORAH CAPRAS 提出了几条建议。在 Use the right format 部分中 提到 “Check which format is specified in the job ad before you upload your application.（在你 上传你的申请之前，检查求职广告中指定的格式）”；Keep it simple 部分中提到“you should keep the structure and format simple.”申请表结构和格式应该保持简单；Stick to traditions 部 分中提到“you should stick to the most popular or most frequently used ones”申请表应该坚持 使用最流行或最常用的分类标准； DEBORAH CAPRAS 没有提到“Avoid using expressions that are recognized industry terms.（避免使用公认的行业术语）”。故选 D。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。文章第一段提到“How can you make sure that your application gets past the robots and reaches a human recruiter？ Here’s what the expert, DEBORAH CAPRAS, says. ”关 于求职者如何确保你的申请通过 ATSs 系统的审核，到达招聘人员的手中，专家 DEBORAH CAPRAS 给出了他的看法。下文每一段中分别提到了 DEBORAH CAPRAS 给出的一条建议，告诉 申请人如何准备求职申请才能通过 ATSs 的审核。因此这本小册子主要是介绍求职者如何通 过 ATSs 的审核。故选 B。 C In 2020, we can expect new developments in voice technology. These include technology that can understand regional accents and gender-neutral（中性的）voice assistants. People have criticized products such as Alexa and Siri because they often misunderstand women and people with regional accents. In response to this criticism, the voice tech industry is trying to become more inclusive by introducing a range of new projects. One study asked people to read out different news headlines and then looked at what Alexa though people had said. The difference between what the people said and what Alexa understood was 30% bigger for people with non-native accents. Recent research also shows that Google’s speech recognition is 13% more accurate for men than it is for women. A project that wants to make voice tech more inclusive is Project Q. It is a gender-neutral voice assistant expected to be launched in 2020. “Current voice technology is gendered,” says Ryan Sherman, of Project Q. “Siri or Google Assistant mainly start out as female by default（默 认）, so we asked a question: why do we gender AI? Research shows that female voices are more compliant. Male voices indicate superiority an intelligence. All voice tech only offers two options.” Project Q launched in 2019 with a prototype voice developed by non-binary（非二元性别的） linguists. They asked a sample of 4,500 people from across Europe whether it sounded male or female. The answers were split 50/50. “We want this voice to be used in voice assistants but also in metro stations, games, etc. There is huge potential,” says Sherman. Other companies are also trying to diversify voice tech. Mozilla launched the Common Voice project in 2019 to find global voices to help diversify AI speech. “Companies that started years ago with voice recognition often got their data from public radio,” said Katharina Borchert, from Mozilla. “Those were mostly male, native speakers with really trained voices. There are not a lot of female voices, and it doesn’t have people with regional accents. That’s why the early version had real problems understanding women. So the larger the diversity of speakers, the greater the quality in the end”. The BBC is developing a voice assistant called Beeb to be launched in 2020, designed to respond to users’ requests. Mukul Devichand, executive editor of voice and AI, says it is also looking at how to respond better to regional accents. “We’ve been involving people from all corners of the country to make sure that our conversation assistant represents regional accents,” he says. Dr Saul Albert, of Loughborough University, is not sure that these projects give full assistance and highlights one area that needs attention. “Amazon, Google and other technology companies are going to have to involve disabled people in design,” he says. “There are standard features in products like the Google Home and the Amazon Echo, as well as Google’s Euphonia project, which learns the voice patterns of users with speech impairments（障碍）”. Dr Leigh Clark, of Swansea University, is more optimistic, but he says there are still important things to remember when developing some of these projects: “If we have gender-neutral voices, do these become the norm or do these become another option for the user to choose?” 43. The products like Alexa and Siri were criticized, because _________. A. their voices got from Europeans were split into half male and half female B. they had difficulty recognizing women and those with regional accents C. regional accents and gender-neutral voice assistants were included D. they boasted about the great efficiency of their voice assistants 44. How did the companies solve the problems of understanding women? A. By launching Project Q and developing Beeb. B. By collecting voice data from public radios. C. By adding regional accents to the data base. D. By diversifying voice tech with global voices. 45. What’s the principle of designing voice assistants? A. Voice assistants mainly started out as female by default. B. Standard features must be included in voice assistants. C. The more diverse the speakers, the greater the quality in the end. D. Users with speech impairments can’t have the priority in design. 46. What’s the best title of this passage? A. Expecting new developments in voice tech. B. Responding to users with speech impairments. C. Solving the problem of understanding women. D. Developing voice assistants for metro stations. 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。我们可以期待语音技术将根据说话者的多样性进行发展与改进。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People have criticized products such as Alexa and Siri because they often misunderstand women and people with regional accents. ”（人们批评 Alexa 和 Siri 等 产品，因为它们经常误解女性和具有地方口音的人。）可知，像 Alexa 和 Siri 此类产品被批 评，因为它们在识别女性及地方口音方面有困难。故选 C 项。 【44 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Other companies are also trying to diversify voice tech. Mozilla launched the Common Voice project in 2019 to find global voices to help diversify AI speech.”（其 他公司也在努力使语音技术多样化。Mozilla 于 2019 年启动了“共同之声”项目，寻找全球之 声，以帮助实现人工智能语音的多样化。）及“That’s why the early version had real problems understanding women. So the larger the diversity of speakers, the greater the quality in the end.” （这就是为什么早期版本很难理解女性的原因。所以，说话者的多样性越大，最终的质量就 越高。）可知，公司通过全球之声多元化语音技术来解决理解女性的问题。故选 D 项。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“So the larger the diversity of speakers, the greater the quality in the end.”（所以，说话者的多样性越大，最终的质量就越高。）以及第五段“"We’ve been involving people from all corners of the country to make sure that our conversation assistant represents regional accents," he says.”（他说：“我们让来自全国各地的人都参与进来，确保我 们的会话助理能代表不同地区的口音。”）并结合第六段““Amazon, Google and other technology companies are going to have to involve disabled people in design,” he says. ”（“亚马 逊、谷歌和其他科技公司将不得不让残疾人参与设计，”他说。）可以推测，演讲者的种类越 多，质量就越高，应当为会话助理的设计准则。故选 C 项。 【46 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In 2020, we can expect new developments in voice technology. ” （2020 年，我们可以期待语音技术的新发展。）及以下各段内容可以推测，文章说明了语音 技术需要进行的发展与改进。Expecting new developments in voice tech.（期待语音技术的新 发展。）与本文主旨相符。故选 A 项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Entrepreneurs in New Zealand are working with American designers to develop robotic dolphins that look almost exactly the same as real dolphins.______47______A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child. It might not sound attractive or may even sound worrying, but as marine parks around the world are under pressure to stop using real whales and dolphins, the creatures are an attractive alternative. their creators say. “Marine parks have been making less money for more than ten years because many people think the parks are cruel and because of the cost of live animals, but people still really want to learn about and experience these animals,” said Roger Holzberg, a Californian designer of the life-size robot bottlenose dolphins.______48______ “We have to persuade marine park owners that these dolphins can make them money, even more money than live animals,” Holzberg said. ______49______On average, bottlenose dolphins live for less than 20 years in captivity but 30 to 50 years in the wild. Melanie Langlotz, one of the entrepreneurs behind the project, has a background in reality games. “It became clear that any large aquarium, in order to compete with any other aquarium, would need to have all the big animals on display, such as dolphins and sharks,” she said. “The bigger, the better.”______50______Finally, the group decided to use robotic animals instead of live ones. The sample robotic dolphin, Langlotz said, weighs more than 270Kg. A test audience was unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added. Animal rights supporters also welcomed the change, hoping robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide. A. The arguments among her New Zealand-based suppliers about the use of live animals became heated. B. They can respond to questions, swim happily in tanks and are not harmed by close contact with visitors. C. He added that the robots did not cost anything to keep and didn’t need temperature-controlled water. D. A robotic bottlenose dolphin cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last much longer. E. In nature, dolphins live in close family groups, but in captivity, they’re forced to interact with strangers. F. He believed it’s time to change marine parks to be more humane and to make more money at the same time. 【答案】47. B 48. F 49. C 50. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。新西兰的企业家们正在与美国设计师们合作开发机器人海豚，让它们看起 来几乎和真正的海豚一模一样。文章介绍了这种机器人海豚的一些优点以及人们对此的看 法。 【47 题详解】 根 据 上 文 “Entrepreneurs in New Zealand are working with American designers to develop robotic dolphins that look almost exactly the same as real dolphins.(新西兰的企业家们正在与美 国设计师们合作开发机器人海豚，让它们看起来几乎和真正的海豚一模一样)”以及后文“A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child. It might not sound attractive or may even sound worrying, but as marine parks around the world are under pressure to stop using real whales and dolphins, the creatures are an attractive alternative. their creators say.(能对小孩点头回答的机器 海豚。这听起来可能并不吸引人，甚至可能听起来令人担忧，但随着世界各地的海洋公园面 临停止使用真正的鲸鱼和海豚的压力，这些生物是一个有吸引力的选择。他们的创造者说)” 可知，上文提到了机器人海滩，后文提到了机器人海豚能对小孩点头回答，可知机器人海豚 可以回答问题，与人接触，B 选项中 They 指代上文 robotic dolphins，且 nod an answer 与后 文 respond to questions 相对应。故 B 选项“它们可以回答问题，在水池里快乐地游泳，与游 客的亲密接触不会伤害它们”符合语境，故选 B。 【48 题详解】 根据上文“ "Marine parks have been making less money for more than ten years because many people think the parks are cruel and because of the cost of live animals, but people still really want to learn about and experience these animals,” said Roger Holzberg, a Californian designer of the life-size robot bottlenose dolphins.(“海洋公园十几年来赚的钱越来越少，因为很多人认为公 园很残忍，也因为活体动物的成本，但人们还是很想了解和体验这些动物。”加州设计真人 大小的机器人海豚的设计师 Roger Holzberg 说)”可知，上文提到了 Roger Holzberg 对于海 洋公园目前运营状况不佳的一些说明，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文继续说明他的观 点，F 选项中 he 指代上文 Roger Holzberg。故 F 选项“他认为是时候改变海洋公园，使之更 人道，同时赚更多的钱”符合语境，故选 F。 【49 题详解】 根据上文““We have to persuade marine park owners that these dolphins can make them money, even more money than live animals,” Holzberg said.( Holzberg 说：“我们必须说服海洋公园的 所有者，让他们相信这些海豚可以给他们带来收入，甚至比活的动物更赚钱。”)”可知， 上文提到 Holzberg 指出机器人海豚比活的海豚更赚钱，故可推知本句承接上文继续说明机 器人海豚的优势，故 C 选项“他补充说，这些机器海豚饲养起来不需要任何成本，也不需 要温控水”符合语境，故选 C。 【50 题详解】 根据上文“Melanie Langlotz, one of the entrepreneurs behind the project, has a background in reality games. “It became clear that any large aquarium, in order to compete with any other aquarium, would need to have all the big animals on display, such as dolphins and sharks,” she said. “The bigger, the better.”(Melanie Langlotz 是这个项目背后的企业家之一，拥有现实游戏 方面的背景。“很明显，任何大型水族馆，为了与其他水族馆竞争，都需要展出所有大型动 物，比如海豚和鲨鱼，”她说。“越大越好。”)”以及后文“Finally, the group decided to use robotic animals instead of live ones.(最后，团队决定用机器动物代替活的动物)”可知，上文 提到 Melanie Langlotz 的水族馆使用了许多大型活体动物，后文则提到团队决定用机器动物 代替活体动物，可推知使用活体动物遭到了反对。A 选项中 her 指代上文 Melanie Langlotz。 故 A 选项“在她的新西兰供应商中，关于使用活体动物的争论变得非常激烈”符合语境， 故选 A。 IV Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a bad thing at all. Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression. New research has identified which habits can lead to troubles. Do you feel jealous every time you read on social media about your cousin’s beautiful new home or you boss’ exciting European vacation？ “Surveillance” of those you know in order to get an inside look of their material success is a potentially destructive behavior, according to researchers at the University of Missouri. Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none. A second study by the University of Missouri found that people who post often- about anything and everything they are doing- experience more troubles in their marriages and romantic relationships than those who don’t post about their lives in detail. Another study by researchers at Boston University also found that heavy social media users are 32% more likely to think about leaving their husbands or wives. This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting images can create relationship conflict. Not only are you potentially developing bonds with new people, but also that bonding may deepen and affect your own relationship, according to the study of a doctoral student, Russell Clayton. 【答案】It’s normal to follow others on social media. Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors may make you feel anxious and depressed. Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts. 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在社交媒体上关注别人很正常。积极的行为有助于提高你 的信心和与他人的联系，而不恰当的行为会让你感到焦虑和抑郁。过多地阅读别人的物质成 就可能会导致消极的感觉，过多地与他人分享你的生活也可能会造成关系冲突。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a bad thing at all. ②Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression. ③Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none. This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting images can create relationship conflict. 2.缜密构思 将第 1 个要点进行总说，将第 2、3 两个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 It’s normal to follow others on social media. Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors ma make you feel anxious and depressed. Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors ma make you feel anxious and depressed.运用 while 连接并列句，表示前后的对比，对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型 2] Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.运用了动名词短语作主 语，对第二段和第四段进行了概括。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我在玩纵横字谜时拼错一个词，卡住了。（stick）（汉译英） 【答案】I misspelled a word in the crossword and got stuck. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和固定搭配。根据汉语提示可知，因为表示发生过了的事情，所以空 处谓语动词需用一般过去时；主语是 I“我”，misspell 拼错，因为表示过去发生的事情， 所以此处谓语动词需用一般过去时，其后接宾语 a word“一个单词”，in the crossword 在玩 纵横字谜时，作状语，此处需用并列连词 and，连接两个并列的谓语，got stuck 卡住了，作 谓语，符合题意，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为 I misspelled a word in the crossword and got stuck. 53. 这套房有两居室，小的那间可用做书房。（serve）（汉译英） 【答案】This suite has two bedrooms and the smaller one can be served as a study. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。固定搭配 serve as（作为），本句讲的是事实，用一般现在 时，and 连接两个并列句，第一个并列句，主语 This suite，谓语 has ，宾语 two bedrooms； 第二个并列句，主语 the smaller one，谓语结构 be served as ，宾语 a study；再根据其他汉 语提示，故翻译为：This suite has two bedrooms and the smaller one can be served as a study.。 54. 尽管我们在生活中会遇到困难，但人人都有机会让他人的生活有所改变。（regardless）（汉 译英） 【答案】Everyone has the opportunity to make a difference in someone else's life regardless of the difficulties that we may encounter in life. 【解析】 【详解】考查副词，短语，时态和定语从句。由句意可知主句为主谓宾结构，句意描述客观 事实，时态用一般现在时。表示“人人都有机会做某事”为“Everyone has the opportunity to do sth.”；表示“有影响”应用固定短语“make a difference”；表示“困难”应用名词复数“difficulties”， 表示“我们在生活中会遇到”应用“We may encounter in life”,该句作修饰 difficulties 的定语从 句。根据提示词 regardless 可知，本句应用固定短语 regardless of(尽管)，它和其后部分一起 作为主句状语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Everyone has the opportunity to make a difference in someone else's life regardless of the difficulties that we may encounter in life. 55. 在互联网时代，便捷和风险共生。只有具有风险防范意识方能拥有安全感和获得感。 （unless）（汉译英） 【 答 案 】 In the Internet era, convenience and risk coexist. Unless we have risk prevention awareness, we will not have a sense of security and gain. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、短语和条件状语从句。前半句叙述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时； 短语“在互联网时代”表达为 in the Internet era，作状语；“便捷和风险”表达为 convenience and risk，作句子的主语；“共生”表达为 coexist，作谓语动词，主语是复数，故动词用原 形；后半句“只有具有风险防范意识方能拥有安全感和获得感”要求用 unless 引导的条件状 语从句表达，句子应该表达为“除非我们有风险防范意识，（否则）我们就不能拥有安全感 和获得感”；其中“除非我们有风险防范意识”是 unless 引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在 时；“（否则）我们就不能拥有安全感和获得感”是主句，应该用一般将来时；“风险防范 意识”表达为 risk prevention awareness，作从句的宾语；“安全感和获得感”表达为 a sense of security and gain，作主句宾语。再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：In the Internet era, convenience and risk coexist. Unless we have risk prevention awareness, we will not have a sense of security and gain. Ⅵ.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 随着城市的发展，许多历史建筑被夷为平地。这些建筑所承载的文化和历史也随风而去。应 该怎样对待这些历史建筑呢？请就此谈谈你的看法。 【答案】 Historical/old buildings is a very important resource, so we need protect them. First, some old buildings enhance the natural beauty of cities, thus making them distinct and attractive. In addition, old buildings can also serve as places of historical interest or museums, thus boosting the economy of the country. At last, ancient buildings, which depict culture and traditions of a country, are representative of history. Those traditional buildings remind people of their origins and the development of the civilization. If a country does not preserve ancient buildings that serve as historic footprints, it may lose its history. On the country, by preserving those historic buildings, it will be easier for future generations to learn more about the historic background of a given country and maintain cultural values. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生就如何对待历史建筑谈谈自己的看法。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：议论文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1.保护历史建筑； 2. 历史建筑的意义。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） serve as; place of historical interest; remind...of...; by doing; learn about; cultural value 第三步：连词成句 1. In addition, old buildings can also serve as places of historical interest or museums, thus boosting the economy of the country. 2. Those traditional buildings remind people of their origins and the development of the civilization. 3. On the country, by preserving those historic buildings, it will be easier for future generations to learn more about the historic background of a given country and maintain cultural values. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First, At last 2.表并列补充关系：In addition 3.表因果关系：so 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] First, some old buildings enhance the natural beauty of cities, thus making them distinct and attractive. 用了现在分词做状语。 [高分句型 2]At last, ancient buildings, which depict culture and traditions of a country, are representative of history. 用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。