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专题08虚拟语气与情态动词(教学案)-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

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‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,在情景交际和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。情态动词为中学英语考试大纲要求内容,并且是高考内容中的难点之一。其主要考点主要集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+have done”结构的用法。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 热点题型一 情态动词的基本用法 ‎ 例1、(2018·北京卷)12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ 【变式探究】[2017·北京卷] Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A.must B.should ‎ C. can D.need ‎【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力,意为“能够” 。故答案为C。句意:塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。‎ ‎【变式探究】—Can’t you stay a little longer? ‎ ‎—It’s getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone. ‎ A.may B.can ‎ C.must D.dare ‎ 解析:考查情态动词。句意:“难道你不能多待一会儿吗?”“天晚了。我现在真的________走了。我女儿一个人在家.”由答语中空格所在句的前后句句意可知,此处指说话人觉得自己“必须”走了,故选must,所以答案为C。 ‎ 答案:C ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 1.can和could的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示“能力”。 ‎ ‎(2)表示理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”,用于肯定 句中。 ‎ ‎(3)表示礼貌地请求,意为“能,可以”。could可代替can,表示委婉的语气。 ‎ ‎(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好……”。 ‎ No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。 ‎ It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be ‎ rather cold sometimes. ‎ 我的家乡三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。 ‎ You can’t be too careful while driving. ‎ 开车时越小心越好。 ‎ ‎—Could I use your bike tomorrow? ‎ ‎——明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗? ‎ ‎—Yes,you can./No,I’m afraid not. ‎ ‎——是的,你可以。/不,恐怕不行。 ‎ ‎2.may和might的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示允许、许可、请求,might比may的语气更委婉。 ‎ 当may用于疑问句时,其否定回答:No,...mustn’t。 ‎ ‎(2)may as well+动词原形“最好;倒不如……”。 ‎ ‎—May I take this book out of the reading room? ‎ ‎——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗? ‎ ‎—No,you mustn’t.You read it in here. ‎ ‎——不,绝不可以。你在这儿读。 ‎ If you think the price of beef is too high,you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。这由你自己决定。 ‎ ‎3.must的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示必要性,意为“必须”。当must用于疑问句时,其否定回答为:No,...needn’t/don’t have to。 ‎ ‎(2)表示偏执,固执,意为“非得,偏要”。 ‎ ‎—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?——你一定要现在插话吗?难道你没有看到 我 正 在打电话吗? ‎ ‎—Sorry sir,but it’s urgent. ‎ ‎——抱歉,先生。但事情紧急。 ‎ You mustn’t park here!It’s an emergency exit. ‎ 你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急出口处。 ‎ ‎—Must I give up smoking?——我必须戒烟吗? ‎ ‎—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t. ‎ ‎——是的,你必须。/不,你不必。 ‎ ‎4.shall的用法 ‎ ‎(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 ‎ ‎(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人 给对 方 的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 ‎ ‎—Will you read me a story,Mummy? ‎ ‎——妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗? ‎ ‎—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.——好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ‎ ‎—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow,sir?——先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你? ‎ ‎—I haven’t decided on the time.But I will call you. ‎ ‎——我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电话的。 ‎ ‎5.should 的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”。 ‎ ‎(2)表示推测、可能性、预期,意为“应该;可能”。 ‎ ‎(3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中,意为“竟然……;居然……”。 ‎ There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.既然你在 ‎ 驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没有什么困难。 ‎ I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free. ‎ 今天下午我应该去看望他,但是我不知道我是否有空。 ‎ It seems unfair that this should happen to me. ‎ 真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。 ‎ ‎6.will和would的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。 ‎ ‎(2)表示习惯性动作,意为“总是”,will指现在,would指过去. ‎ ‎(3)表示功能,意为“能,行”。 ‎ The door wouldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed. ‎ 无论她怎么努力去推,这扇门就是打不开。 ‎ Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but wouldn’t say where he was.‎ 几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切都好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。 ‎ Every morning he will have a walk along this river. ‎ 每天早晨,他总是沿着这条小河散步。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ It was so noisy that we ________ hear ourselves speak. ‎ A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t ‎ C.mustn’t D.needn’t ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案:A 热点题型二 情态动词表示推测 ‎ 例2、(2018·天津卷)10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。‎ ‎【变式探究】You ________ feel all the training a waste of time,but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. ‎ A.should B.need ‎ C.shall D.may ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案:D ‎【提分秘籍】 ‎ 情态动词 ‎ 用法 ‎ must ‎ 只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”。 ‎ can/could ‎ 用于疑问句中,意为“可能”;用于否定句中,意为“‎ 不可能”,语气很强烈。 ‎ may/might ‎ 用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。 ‎ ‎—You needn’t take an umbrella.It isn’t going to rain. ‎ ‎——你不需要带伞,不会下雨的。 ‎ ‎—Well,I don’t know.It might do. ‎ ‎——哦,我不知道,或许会下雨。 ‎ It can’t be the postman at the door.It’s only six o’clock. ‎ 门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。 ‎ You must be hungry after the long walk. ‎ 走了这么远,你一定饿了。 ‎ Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can/could it be that he was late for the meeting? ‎ 布什先生做什么事情都很准时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢? ‎ ‎【方法技巧】情态动词表示推测三步判断:(1)首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might;否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是对什么时间的推测;表示对现在的推测用“情态动词+do”,表示对过去的推测用 “情态动词+have done”。(3)最后看句子语气的肯定程度,must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ You ________ be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. ‎ A.must B.can ‎ C.will D.shall ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案:A 热点题型三 情态动词+have done 例3.I ________ have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me. ‎ A.mightn’t B.mustn’t ‎ C.needn’t D.couldn’t ‎ 解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:来新学校之前我本没 有必要担心,我这里的同班同学对我很友好。此处表示没有 必要,故用needn’t。needn’t have done本没必要做。mightn’t have done可能没做过;没有mustn’t have done这一用法; couldn’t have done不可能做过。 ‎ 答案:C ‎【提分秘籍】‎ 情态动词+have done ‎ 用法 ‎ must have done ‎ 过去一定做过……(肯定句) ‎ can/could have done ‎ 过去不可能做过……(否定句) ‎ 过去可能做过……吗?(疑问句) ‎ could have done ‎ 本来能够做但却未做(肯定句) ‎ may/might have done ‎ 过去可能做过……(肯定句) ‎ 过去可能没有做过……(否定句) ‎ should/ought to have done ‎ 本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句) ‎ 本来不应该做而实际上做了(否定句) ‎ needn’t have done ‎ 没必要做而做了 ‎ My book,The House of Hales,is missing.Who could have taken it? ‎ 我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢? ‎ We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didn’t you tell me? ‎ 我们本来能够一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我呢? ‎ Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.‎ 马克本没有必要那么匆忙。 他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。 ‎ I can’t find him anywhere.Where can he have gone? ‎ 任何地方都找不到他。他可能去哪里了? ‎ It’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. ‎ 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ ‎—Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again. ‎ ‎—Oh,it’s too bad.You ________ have made full ‎ preparations. ‎ A.must B.can ‎ C.would D.should ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案:D 热点题型四 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 ‎ 例4、 If I ________ it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it. ‎ A.didn’t see B.weren’t seeing ‎ C.wouldn’t see D.hadn’t seen ‎ 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没亲眼看到,我不会相信那件事的。根据主句I wouldn’t have believed it可知,空格处所在句是用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用过去完成时态,所以答案为D。 ‎ 答案:D ‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ 与现在事实相反 ‎ 从句谓语动词:过去时(be用were) ‎ 主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might+do ‎ 与过去事实相反 ‎ 从句谓语动词:had+过去分词 ‎ 主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might+have done ‎ 与将来事实相反 ‎ 从句谓语动词:过去时/were+to do/should+do ‎ 主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might+do ‎ if引导的条件从句的倒装 ‎ 如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。 ‎ 混合条件句的虚拟语气 ‎ 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。 ‎ 含蓄虚拟结构 ‎ 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without,but for等来引导。 ‎ I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. ‎ 如果我当时认为你是认真的,我就不会笑了。 ‎ Sorry,I am too busy now.If I had time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.‎ 很抱歉,我现在非常忙。若我有时 间,我将一定与你外出郊游。 ‎ Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. ‎ Grace不想搬到纽约,因为她想如果要是住那里,她将不可 能经常地见到她的父母。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ It is lucky we booked a room,or we ________ nowhere to stay now. ‎ A.had B.had had ‎ C.would have D.would have had ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案:C 热点题型五 虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用 ‎ 例5、[2017·北京卷] If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ A.had been put B.were put ‎ C.should be put D.would be put ‎ ‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ 类别 ‎ 用法 ‎ 名词性 从句 ‎ 表示要求,命令,建议,请求等意义的词后接宾语从句和同位语从句,以及与这些词有关的表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。常见的动词:suggest,advise,order,require,demand,propose,command,request,insist,recommend,以及这些词的名词形式。注意:当suggest作“暗示,表明”,insist作“坚持认为”时,从句要用陈述语气。 ‎ wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would+动词原形,它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。 ‎ 其他句 型中 It is (high)time(that)...句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形。 ‎ would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。 ‎ if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚 ‎ 拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟),表示强烈的愿望。 ‎ as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)、过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)、could/might/would+动词原形(与将来事实相反)。 ‎ My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. ‎ 我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭,换换口味。 ‎ ‎—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ‎ ‎——孩子们在哪里?再这么等下去,这顿饭就吃不好了。 ‎ ‎—I wish they weren’t always late. ‎ ‎——我希望他们不要老是吃饭不准时。 ‎ The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once. ‎ 这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错,应该马上被释放。 ‎ Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!‎ 看看我们所处的困境,要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好! ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel. ‎ A.is B.were ‎ C.has been D.had been ‎ 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:不要这么拿着这个花瓶,就好像它是用钢制成的似的。as if表示“似乎,好像”,引导的从句通常用虚拟语气,再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟,所以用一般过去时were。 ‎ 答案:B ‎ ‎ ‎1.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.‎ A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。‎ ‎2.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎3.(2018·天津卷)10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。‎ ‎4.(2018·北京卷)12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎5.(2018·北京卷)13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.‎ A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。‎ ‎1.[2017·北京卷] Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A.must B.should ‎ C. can D.need ‎【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力,意为“能够” 。故答案为C。句意:塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。‎ ‎2.[2017·北京卷] If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ A.had been put B.were put ‎ C.should be put D.would be put ‎【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟,从句用had done形式, 故答案选 A。句意:如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话, 这次事故就不会发生了。‎ ‎3.[2017·江苏卷] ________not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A.It were B.Were it ‎ C.It was D.Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。‎ ‎4. [2017·天津卷] My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A.daren't B.shouldn't ‎ C.needn't D.mustn't ‎【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。根据“I can do it in the morning.”可知现在没必要打扫房间。故选C项。needn't不必;daren't不敢;shouldn't不应该;mustn't不准,禁止。句意:我的房间很乱,不过今晚在我出去之前,我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。‎ ‎5. [2017·天津卷] —Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday.‎ A.hadn't been B.wouldn't have been ‎ C.weren't D.wouldn't be ‎ ‎ ‎【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.‎ A. had not been B. should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反,所以使用过去完成时,主句表示与现在事实相反,所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意:如果不是因为前几天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气 ‎【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:这真是令人生气的;我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意;couldn’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm ‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎【考点】考查情态动词 ‎ ‎【2015·北京】29.—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了,我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能,可以,也许;B. can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare敢,胆敢。结合句意,故选C。‎ ‎【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。‎ ‎【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written ‎ C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】句意:没有他战时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历,可知表示对于过去的否定猜测,故主句用would have done,因此选D项。 ‎ ‎【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ A. must B. can C. will D. shall ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意:你肯定是卡罗,这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 ‎ ‎【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’ t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:我来新学校之前本没有必要担心,因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事,表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼,但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ A .must B. may C. can D. will ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知,照相机很昂贵,故选择A,意为:你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵。‎ ‎【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A. should B. need C. shall D. may ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.‎ A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,所以选C。‎ ‎【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have ‎ saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:我们很幸运地订到了房间,否则的话,我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句,or后面是主句,相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.,根据“now”可知,是对现在进行虚拟,因此用would+动词原形,故选C。‎ ‎1.(2014·大纲全国卷)Although you________find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop. ‎ ‎【答案】can ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意:虽然你能在伦敦买到便宜货,但是一般来说那不是一个买便宜东西的地方。情态动词can表示理论上的可能性。‎ ‎2.(2014·重庆卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?‎ ‎【答案】didn't ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.(2014·湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey ________(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.‎ ‎【答案】had been ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果Dewey先生在场的话,他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的“would have offered”可以看出,从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故应用过去完成时。‎ ‎4.(2014·福建卷)________(there be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.‎ ‎【答案】Were there ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.(2014·四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________take me to Disneyland at weekends.‎ ‎【答案】would ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我仍然记得我的快乐的童年,那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would可表示习惯性动作,译为“常会,总是”。 ‎ ‎6.(2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they________(throw) away in the past.‎ ‎【答案】would have thrown ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意:现在人们回收利用很多他们过去会扔掉的东西。根据in the past可知,说的是过去的情况,对过去的情况的推测,应使用“情态动词+完成式”。‎ ‎7.(2014·陕西卷)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?‎ ‎【答案】could ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。句意:我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢?根据句意可知,这是对过去情况的推测,而且该句是疑问句,所以用could。‎ ‎8.(2014·天津卷)________(catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.‎ ‎【答案】Had he caught ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:要是他赶上了上午的火车,他就不会开会迟到了。这是一个省略if的虚拟语气条件句,将句子还原后为If he had caught the morning train。主句中的would not have been late则暗示这里是对过去情况的假设,虚拟条件句中,如含有were,had,should,could等,且省略if时,常用倒装。‎ ‎9.(2014·浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they________(come) to our help.‎ ‎【答案】would have come ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意:我们进行调研的那几个月期间他们出国了,要不然的话,他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知,此处是隐含的虚拟条件句,or相当于if they hadn't been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况,因此这里谓语动词用would have done。‎ ‎10.(2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________bring me food.‎ ‎【答案】should ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎