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第一编 专题二
[层级一 真题题组]
A
(2019·北京卷)
Much of the work in today's world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._1.B__ Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?
_2.E__ They focused on football，basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level，the team's performance begins to decline.Interestingly，this trend isn't evident in baseball，where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions._3.G__ In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is，for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”_4.D__
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug－of－war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
_5.F__ An A－team may require a balance—not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A．It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F．Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
文章大意：主题：人与社会(人际沟通与合作)；话题：团队建设。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了优秀人才在团队建设中的作用、地位和分布比例等。通过几项研究，得出的结论是：一个好的团队，其成员构成需要平衡，既要有优秀的人，也要有普通的人。在团队建设中优秀人才的引进不能简单地搞“一刀切”。
1．解析：词汇锁定法解题。空格前说“大多数人认为建一个好的团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有天赋(talented)的个人”，空格后说“公司花数百万(millions)雇用顶级商业人士”，由此可知空格处选B项“体育队的老板花数百万(millions)美元吸引体育天才(talent)”，其中的millions和talent与上下文对应，故应选B项。
2．解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据空格后的“The results are mixed.”知，空格处是研究的结果，选项E中的several recent studies与之对应，故答案为E。
3．解析：词汇锁定法解题。空格后先是提到了baseball，后又提到了basketball，对天才球员在这两项运动中所起的作用进行了研究，由此可知，空格处涉及baseball和basketball。选项G中的baseball，football，basketball与之对应，故答案为G。
4．解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据空格前的“学习参加团队运动的小孩子经常被告知‘团队里没有个人’”可推断出，选项D “明星们很明显不遵守体育精神这一基本原则”符合语境，故答案为D。
5．解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据空格后的“一个优秀的团队需要平衡”可知，空格处是“建立一支梦之队比单纯雇用最优秀的人才更复杂”，这与选项F对应，故答案为F。
B
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Before there was the written word，there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between.
_1.B__ We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges，the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I can't imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful._2.D__ It's great to watch them.For many of them，it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
_3.A__ “I can tell you about one young couple，” says Bridges.“They're learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile._4.F__”
So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better，calmer，healthier？Andrea Hillier says，“Dance，like the pattern of a beating heart，is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better and better._5.E__ I find it hard to stop！Dancing reminds me I'm alive.”
A．So why do we dance?
B．Dance in the U．S.is everywhere.
C．If you like dancing outdoors，come to America.
D．My older students say it makes them feel young.
E．I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired.
F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。跳舞在美国很常见。Bridges是美国爱荷华州的一个舞蹈工作室的老板，在文章中他分析跳舞的好处，解释人们学习舞蹈的原因，表达自己对舞蹈的热爱。
1．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的“We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，舞蹈在美国到处都有，故B项符合语境。
2．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 D项中的them指代my older students。空后的两个them也指代my older students。
3．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。 由本段中的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，跳舞可以让原本情绪低落的他们变得开心，故A项(那么我们为什么跳舞呢？)符合语境。
4．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由上句“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，他们跳完舞后，精神状态发生了很大的变化。故F项(舞蹈似乎完全改变了他们的感觉)符合语境。
5．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后的“I find it hard to stop！”可知E项(我即使在极其疲惫的时候，也坚持练习)符合语境。
C
(2018·北京卷)
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events，personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations._1.F__
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more._2.G__ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.
Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry._3.E__ Also，sometimes pre－anger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but
rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
_4.A__ Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre－anger，or anger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
_5.D__ However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it.
D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E．Having these personality traits implies the pre－anger state，where anger is in the background of your mind.
F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生气的几种原因。人们通过了解生气的原因，可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气，由此减少生气对自己造成的危害。
1．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 由空前的the main reasons锁定选项F中的these reasons。结合上下文内容可知，作者提到了一些引发生气的原因，理解这些原因有助于我们控制生气。
2．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法以及关联逻辑法。由空后的someone is triggered...others are not...可知，相同的事情并不会引发每个人都生气，这与选项G中的not everyone acts the same in response to events以及triggers相吻合。
3．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空前的personality traits以及空后的pre－anger锁定选项E中的personality traits implies the pre－anger state。由此可知选E项。
4．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空后的situations，create锁定选项A中的on situations can create anger within us，即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因。
5．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后表转折的副词however以及 anger can easily turn violent可知，因为生气容易转变为暴力，所以作者不赞同生气，即使有理由生气。选项D中提到“人们认为有理由去生气”，显然它可以放在空格中构成前后文意思的转折。故选D。
D
(2018·浙江卷)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should._1.G__
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat，clean，and in good repair._2.F__ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk，take along a small garbage bag._3.E__ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
_4.B__ If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_5.C__ By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A．In general，keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up.
F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧。本文为“总—分”结构，从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。
1．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。通读全文可知，本文是“总—分”结构。由第二段中的“...one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep...”以及第三段的second可知，本题选G，也就是本文的主题句。
2．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。该空格前面的neat，clean，in good repair 以及空格后面的in great shape都与 F项的fresh and inviting相吻合。
3．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前提到，散步时随身带个小垃圾袋；空格后提到，这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域。因此此处要填E项“如果你碰到从路过的车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来”。
4．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段中的you are there to help in any
way可知，选B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人”。
5．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的respecting others，taking care of，taking pride in都是替别人着想的表现，故C项符合语境。
E
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done._1.B__，there are several ways to handle things.Let's take a look at them now.
_2.A__.Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then._3.E__.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
When you need to someone, don't do it in your own office._4.D__， it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office, make good use of it._5.G__.If someone knocks and it's not an important matter.Excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.
A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no
B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C．Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes
D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area
E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available
F．It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you
G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。
1．解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with”以及下文的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，应选B项。
2．解析：考查主题句。根据下文的“Tell the person you're sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at a different time”可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。
3．解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then”及下文的“It can help to…”可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。
4．解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“don't do it in your own office”以及下文的“excuse yourself
to get back to your work”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。
5．解析：考查承启句。根据本段的首句“If you have a door to your office，make good use of it”以及下文的“when the door is closed”可知，G项符合文意。
F
(2017·浙江卷)
How to Do Man－on－the－street Interviews
The man－on－the－street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport._1.D__ But with these tips, your first man－on－the－street interview experience can be easy.
When your boss or professor sends you out to do man－on－the－street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” _2.G__
Hit the streets with confidence._3.B__ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
● Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Don't get discouraged.
●_4.A__ Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten._5.F__
● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them.
A．Limit your time.
B．As you approach people, be polite.
C．If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.
D．For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E．To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G．With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
文章大意：
本文是一篇说明文。街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。
1．解析：解本题可用句意判断法。由空格后的but以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事，选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。本设空类型为过渡句类。
2．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think...？”选项G中With a question like this中的question指的就是这个问句。本设空类型为细节理解类。
3．解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后的excuse me以及I was wondering if you could...都体现了采访者的礼貌。这与选项B“当你接近人们时，要有礼貌”前后照应。本设空类型为过渡句类。
4．解析：解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。选项A正合语境。本设空类型为段落主题句类。
5．解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。选项F“这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全部答案”中的that number of interviews与空格前的a safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)前后照应。本设空类型为段落总结类。
G
(2017年11月浙江)
How to Remember What You Read
Reading is important.But the next step is making sure that you remember what you've read! _1.D__ You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images (形象)may fly right out of your head.Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.
●_2.A__
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read.It's a bit like reading a foreign language.If you don't understand what you're reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few things you can do...Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.
●Are you connected?
Does a character remind you of a friend? Does the setting make you want to visit the place? Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more? With some books, you may feel a connection right away._3.F__ How willing are you to make the connections happen?
●Read it; hear it; be it!
Read the lines.Then, speak them out loud.And, put some character into the words.When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters.He'd make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character._4.G__
●How often do you read?
If you read frequently, you'll likely have an easier time with remembering what you're reading (and what you've read)．_5.B__ As you make reading a regular part of your life, you'll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better.You'll learn to enjoy literature—as you remember what you read!
A．Are you confused?
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．What's your motivation?
D．Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.
E．Marking helps you remember what you read.
F．But other books require a bit more work on your part.
G．You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!
文章大意：本文主要介绍了记住阅读过的内容的技巧。
1．解析：根据空前的“the next step is making sure that you remember what you've read”和空后的“but the ideas, concepts and images(形象) may fly right out of your head”可知，阅读是重要的，但是你要确保记住所阅读的内容。你可能刚读过了文本，但并没有记住其中的思想、概念和形象。由此可知D项“记忆有时候是一件很困难的事情”符合上下文的衔接，所以选D项。
2．解析：本空是段落主题句。由“If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read”可知，该段主题与处理一些令人困惑的信息有关，故A选项与此处匹配。
3．解析：根据空前的“With some books, you may feel a connection right away”可知，读有些书时，你可以很快建立联系；空后一句提到“你有多大意愿让这些联系发生”，故F项“但是(阅读)其他书对你的要求更多一些”与前后句衔接紧密。故选F项。
4．解析：本空是段落结尾句。由本段内容可知，大声读出来所阅读的材料并加以演绎也是一个技巧。本段又以狄更斯写作时演绎自己作品中的角色为例来说明我们也可以这样做，所以选G项。
5．解析：根据空前的“If you read frequently, you'll likely have an easier time with remembering”和空后的“As you make reading a regular part of your life”可知，有规律的阅读可以让记忆变得更加轻松，即“熟能生巧”，所以选B项。
H
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact, the key to easy morning wake－up lies in resetting your body clock._1.C__ Here is how to make one.
●_2.B__ In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important.Do you want
to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
●Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re－arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags._3.G__ That's a quarter－hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found._4.F__
●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record._5.E__ If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A．Get a sleep specialist.
B．Find the right motivation.
C．A better plan for sleep can help.
D．And consider setting a second alarm.
E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake－up time, no matter the day.
G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯。
1．解析：考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说“以下是如何制作一个”，代词one指代“计划”一词，因此本空选C。
2．解析：考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。
3．解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡，早上可以多睡一会儿，因此前一句应该要与咖啡有关，本空选G。
4．解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致，不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F。
5．解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选E。
[层级二 模拟题组]
1
(2019·洛阳市、许昌市第一次质检)
Filial piety(孝心) is China's most important morality and involves strong deference(顺心) to one's parents. Thus, filial piety is an important value when it comes to treating one's immediate family, elders and superiors in general.
Origins
Filial piety was originally mentioned in the Western Zhou，__1.E__.
Meaning
Filial piety is a general attitude of offering love, respect，support, and deference to one's parents and other elders in the family, such as grandparents or older siblings._2.F__.Besides，it involves working hard in order to provide material comforts for parents.
The idea stems from the fact that parents give life to their children，and subsequently support them throughout their developing years in terms of providing food, education，and material needs._3.G__.
Chinese character
By looking at the Chinese character for filial piety，you will learn a lot about the term's definition.
_4.B__The character is a combination of the character lao, which means “old” and zi, which means son. The top half of the character lao forms the top half of the character xiao，whereas the character that represents son forms the bottom half of the character.
_5.D__. The character xiao shows that the older person or generation is being supported by the son, or children in general.
A．let me tell you the definition of filial piety
B．Filial piety is clarified by the Chinese character xiao
C．Filial piety is one of the most important Chinese traditions
D．This placement is symbolic and tells of what filial piety means
E．which includes carrying on the family line and respecting the elders
F．Acts of filial piety include obeying parent's wishes，taking care of them when they are old
G．Extending beyond one's family，filial piety also applies to all elders like teachers，professional superiors，or anyone who is older in age.
文章大意：本文主要对中华传统美德孝心的起源和含义进行了简要的介绍和分析。
1．解析：结合本段的标题Origins可推知，此处介绍了孝心的起源及其基本内容，与选项E呼应，所以选E项。
2．解析：根据空后一句“此外，孝心也包括努力工作来为父母提供物质上的舒适条件”可推知，空处应是表述孝心的具体行为，故F项符合语境，衔接上下文。
3．解析：空处上文主要阐述了孝心在家庭中的具体实践和体现，由此可推知空处应是表述孝心对除个人家庭外的长者也适用。故G项符合语境。
4．解析：空处是本段的主题句。通读全段可知，本段主要是对“孝”字的字形进行分析，并联系本部分的标题Chinese character可知，选项B符合语境。
5．解析：承接上段对“孝”字的字形分析，此处对孝进行了总结和意义分析，所以选D项。
2
(2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检)
How to Grow Organic Potatoes in Containers
A homegrown potato that has just been dug out of the soil is an amazing treat. Like tomatoes, the taste of fresh potatoes is different from that of those bought in the store. By growing your own，you also have the opportunity to plant unusual varieties._1.E__
Prepare potatoes for growing.Cut the potatoes before planting. If your potatoes are small, you can simply plant them.When you cut your potatoes, make sure you have at least two eyes on each piece._2.G__. Most of us have no idea how heavy 50 grams is and there's no need to weigh it，just use your best guess.
Water your newly planted potatoes well.Check the container at least once a day._3.D__. If it feels dry, it's time to water. If it's very hot or windy, you may have to water your potato container gardens more than once a day. Make sure to water deeply by waiting until water runs out the bottom.
Hill your potatoes as they grow._4.F__， you need to hill them in case they will break. This is done by adding a couple of inches of soil around your potato plants. Be careful not to break；the plants in the process. Repeat the hilling process a few more times as your plants grow.You can also stop once the soil reaches the top of your container.
_5.B__.After the plants have flowered, you can dig out your potatoes to eat. You can pull out a few potatoes at a time.You can also wait until the plants turn yellow and then harvest all of the potatoes at once.
A．If your potato plants are too short
B．Harvest your homegrown potatoes
C．Water your potatoes whenever the soil is dry
D．Stick your finger at least an inch into the soil
E．Below are some tips for growing your own potatoes
F．Once your potato plants have grown about six inches
G．It's also recommended that each weighs at least 50 grams
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在家种马铃薯的方法，包括选种、浇水、培土和收获。
1．解析：根据该空所在的位置可知，该空为承上启下的句子；由空处下文可知，下文介绍的是在家里种植马铃薯的方法，故E项符合语境。
2．解析：根据空后一句可知，我们大部分人都不知道50克有多重，也不需要去称重。据此可推知，空处应是关于每块马铃薯的重量，故G项符合语境。据此可推知，空处应是关于每块马铃薯的重量，故G项符合语境。G项中的“50 grams”也是提示。
3．解析：根据空后一句“If it feels dry，it's time to water”可知，如果它摸起来干，就该是浇水的时候了。据此可推知，空处应是介绍感知土壤干湿的方法，故D项符合语境。
4．解析：根据该句中的“you need to hill them in case they will break”可知，培土是为了防止其断掉。据此可推知，空处应是介绍培土的时机，故F项符合语境，衔接下文。
5．解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合空处下文内容可知，该段主要介绍了收获马铃薯的时间，故B项符合语境。
3
(2019·唐山市质检)
I did not go on my first hike until my mid－30s.I could blame it on the fact that I grew up on the Great Plains of South Dakota and North Dakota._1.D__ Having never gone, I didn't see the value and always shook my head when asked.
_2.G__ At the urging of my wife, and with my two young kids, we walked a beautiful forest path on a cool August morning. I carried a small backpack with water and snacks(小吃)．When we reached the top，we ate lunch together overlooking a perfectly still pond and a scenic Vermont.
A few weeks ago, my 11－year－old son, my 61－year－old dad，and I hiked Camelback Mountain in Phoenix. Last weekend，I hiked down the Grand Canyon with my son along the South Kaibab Trail. And later this week, my wife and daughter will join us to walk the Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains._3.B__
Now, just to be clear, by no means would I classify myself；as an expert hiker._4.A__ And I have no plans to climb Mount Kilimanjaro or walk the Appalachian Trail. But waking early on a Saturday morning to walk 3－5 miles along a forest path with lunch in the backpack is a journey I'd recommend to anyone.
It is healthy physical exercise that creates wonderful memories._5.F__And given the chance, hiking teaches us important truths about life.
A．Most of our hikes only last 2 hours.
B．I've fallen in love with climbing mountains.
C．I love the stillness and calm of an empty path.
D．But mostly, to be honest, I just wasn't interested.
E．If you can climb a mountain, you can do anything.
F．It provides an opportunity to slow down and disconnect.
G．I went on my first hike a few years back while living in Vermont
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者直到35岁左右才开始第一次远足而后喜欢上爬山的经历，作者认为这种锻炼方式提供了一个让生活慢下来、脱离尘世的机会。
1．解析：前一句讲到，“我”可以把35岁左右之前从未远足过归咎于“我”生活在大平原上，结合空后一句可知，此处隐含的意思是：真实原因并非如此。故选D项“但是老实说，我主要是不感兴趣罢了”。
2．解析：第一段讲“我”对远足不感兴趣，本空之后讲的是“我”的一次远足经历，因此空处应涉及一次远足的内容，故答案为G。
3．解析：上一段讲第一次远足的经历，本段讲其后的远足经历和计划，故本空为总结句，应表示经过了第一次远足后，“我”爱上了爬山，故选B。
4．解析：前一句讲到“我”不认为自己是一个专业远足者，后一句讲“我”并没有计划去爬世界高峰或挑战高难度的远足，因此本空应该讲“我”远足的运动强度不高，故选A项。
5．解析：前后两句都在讲远足的好处，故此处也应是同样的，故选F项“它(远足)提供了一个让生活慢下来、脱离尘世的机会”。
4
(2019·郑州市一模)
If you're a gamer who's constantly glued to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help.
On June 18, 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition._1.A__
“Video games are like a non－financial kind of gambling(赌博) from a psychological point of view，” Mark D． Griffiths, a professor from Nottingham Trent University in the UK, told the Associated Press (AP). “Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, while gamers use points.”
_2.G__
“People need to understand this doesn't mean every child who spends hours in their room playing games is an addict，otherwise doctors are going to be flooded with requests for help，”Joan Harvey, a spokeswoman for the British Psychological Society, told AP.
_3.F__For example, a 21－year－old Chinese woman surnamed Wu in Guangdong province went blind in one eye after playing the mobile game King of Glory for a whole day. “On days when I have no work, I usually get up at 6 am, eat breakfast and play until 4 pm，” she told the South China Morning Post. “Then I'll eat something, have a nap(小睡) and play until 1 am.”
Wu isn't alone. According to a study published by China Youth Daily, about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day._4.B__In
April 2018, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.
Other countries have also taken action._5.D__ Meanwhile，in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children that lets their parents control what games they can download and how long they can play.
A．This means it's now on the same list as other mental illnesses.
B．Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.
C．We often see people around us playing games on their mobile phones.
D．In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.
E．WHO's main work is to improve the mental health of individuals and society.
F．But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you'll face serious problems.
G．However, it doesn't matter if you play your favorite game now and then.
文章大意：世界卫生组织官方地把“游戏障碍”列为一种心理健康疾病。许多国家采取行动来阻止孩子沉迷于网络游戏。
1．解析：空处上文是说世界卫生组织官方地把“游戏障碍”列为一种心理健康疾病；A项“这意味着它现在和其他心理疾病在同一个清单上”衔接上文。故选A项。A项中的“list”也是提示。
2．解析：空处上文界定了赌徒和游戏玩家的概念，空处下文是说这并非意味着在自己房间多花几个小时玩游戏的孩子是有瘾的；故G项符合语境，衔接上下文。
3．解析：空后举例说明了不加控制而长时间打游戏引发的问题，故F项符合语境。
4．解析：根据空前的“about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day”可知，中国五分之一的年轻人每天至少玩四到五个小时的电子游戏；空后一句讲到教育部发布通知，要求家长和学校共同防止学生沉溺于网络和游戏。据此可推知，针对这一问题已经采取措施了。故选B项。
5．解析：根据该段第一句“Other countries have also taken action”可知，其他国家也已经采取行动了；再结合空后一句“Meanwhile，in Japan，some mobile phones...they can play”可推知，空处也应涉及一个国家采取的措施，故选D项。
5
(2019·合肥市二模)
What's the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word，happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully._1.G__Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience.We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look
good”. Let's just face it._2.F__So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger，impatience, blame and shame. We all have them.And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain, but how our mind is set._3.B__
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don't really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings._4.E__But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what's actually happening，you can notice the worry of not wanting what's happening，the resistance.
_5.A__When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that，“Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I'm bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It's true. I don't like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A．Practice positive self－talk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignore the fact that we're in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit－forming.
G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1．解析：根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus，when the big ones come，we will...hard times”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。
2．解析：根据空后的“So the first step...blame and shame”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。
3．解析：根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain，but how our mind is set”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。
4．解析：根据空前一句“Most of us don't really realize it...painful feelings”及空后的“get
curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们的关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。
5．解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。
6
(2019·南昌市二模)
There are several different types of fire departments.Some hire full－time paid firefighters and some are run entirely by volunteers._1.B__， a firefighter must go through strict physical and academic training to ensure a strong knowledge of fire safety and the physical strength to handle the tasks required by a fire department.
Joining a fire department requires that both physical and written tests are passed with scores showing a thorough knowledge of fire safety._2.G__
The first step in joining a fire department as a paid firefighter is to submit an application as well as acquire the appropriate training. Usually firefighters must have a high school diploma, and some complete two－or－four－year programs in fire science at community colleges and universities._3.C__， and if a candidate already has connections at a fire department, he may apply for a position straight out of high school.
Once a candidate applies and is accepted for training at a fire department, he must then complete several weeks of training at the department's training center._4.F__.When this is done，the candidate is sent to a fire company for a period of probation(见习). He has to continue training in the new position while being directed by experienced firefighters._5.D__.An application must be submitted to the volunteer fire department，then if the application is accepted, the candidate will take a training program and then be required to pass a physical and written test. Firefighters must also become certified as Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). The level of EMT certification is determined by the individual departments.
A．Although it is demanding
B．Whichever type is desired
C．However, an academic program is not required
D．For volunteer firefighters the procedure is similar
E．But joining a volunteer fire department is totally different
F．Training consists of classroom work and practical training
G．Also，a candidate must be able to respond quickly in emergencies
文章大意：消防员有全职的，也有志愿的。但是不管选择做哪种消防员，都要经过一系列的体能及书面测试，并且还要参加训练。
1．解析：
根据前一句内容可知，有两种消防员，即全职的与志愿的，但不管是哪一种，消防员都要经历严格的身体及学业上的训练，以确保他们有专业的知识与体能去应对紧急情况。故选B。
2．解析：根据前一句可知，加入消防队，需要体能及书面测试，并且两种测试都要求能反映出一个人对消防安全的全面的认识；同时，他还必须能在紧急情况下，迅速做出反应。故选G。
3．解析：根据空后的“if a candidate already has...out of high school”可知，如果一个人与消防队有联系，那么他高中毕业后可以直接申请。由此可知，C项“但是，学术项目不需要(参加)”符合语境。
4．解析：根据前一句可知，申请者需要完成在消防队训练中心举行的为期数周的训练，训练包括室内工作与实践训练。故选F。
5．解析：该空下文讲述的是参加志愿者消防队需要完成的一系列事情，而且这些事情与申请全职消防员所需要做的事情类似。故选D。
7
(2019·福建省毕业班质检)
Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car. For many people, bicycling is not just an easy way of getting around town but also an exciting sport._1.C__.
One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line.The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race._2.B__， because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.
Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed to traffic. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time._3.F__.The race requires more than speed. It also requires skilful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.
_4.D__. Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles. The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finish line.
Between races cyclists stay in good condition by doing exercise that builds up their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time._5.A__， they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. Then they can enter special races all over the country. If you're a cyclist, keep practicing.You could become a star.
A．As cyclists become more experienced
B．A time trial is a very safe race for beginners
C．Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races
D．Road races are usually the longest cycling contests
E．Most people will seize possible chances to get around town
F．They cover many laps (一圈), going around and around the city blocks
G．When cyclists still need to build themselves up for those special races
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文详细介绍了几种骑自行车的比赛。
1．解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，该句承上启下；由下文介绍的几种骑自行车比赛可知，C项“热衷骑自行车的人经常筹备参加骑自行车比赛”符合语境。
2．解析：根据空后的“because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other”可知，由于自行车是分散的，不太可能互相碰撞；故对于新手来说这种比赛是安全的，故B项正确。
3．解析：根据空处上下文可知，空处承接上文，继续介绍这种难度较大的骑自行车比赛具体的比赛内容，故F项正确。且F项中的“the city blocks”与该段中的“A few city blocks”呼应。
4．解析：根据空后一句“Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles”可知，参赛者必须骑35英里到近3 000英里的路程；又结合本段第三句的内容可知，D项“道路比赛通常是路程最长的骑自行车比赛”符合语境。
5．解析：根据空后的“they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers”可知，他们经常参加自行车团体，并成为有执照的参赛者；据此可推知，空处是说这些骑自行车者越来越有经验，故A项正确。
8
(2019·山东省、湖北省部分重点中学二模)
Little Etiquette(礼仪) Rules for Flying on an Airplane
Being a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps.
Help your fellow traveler
_1.F__， offer to lift a fellow passenger's up there，too.Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.
Keep your personal things, well, personal
It's important to be mindful of your personal belongings._2.E__， as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body. And once you sit down，you should stay there, and make sure you have everything you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat. Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone.
_3.D__
In the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will go a long way towards making a smoother ride for everyone. Let the middle－seat passenger use the armrests (it's the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame.
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent (毗连的) ones，making it tough for family members to buy seats together._4.A__， offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; it's a kind gesture that they won't forget._5.G__， as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A．If you're traveling alone
B．If they avoid eye contact
C．Avoid bringing smelly food
D．Respect your (limited) space
E．Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag
F．While you're loading your carry－on bag into the overhead space
G．But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude
文章大意：本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了在飞机上做一个有礼貌的乘客的几个简单的方法。
1．解析：根据后面的“offer to lift a fellow passenger's up there，too”中的there，too可知，当你把随身行李放进头顶上方的行李架时，你也可以主动提出帮同行的乘客把行李放上去。故选F项。
2．解析：根据小标题Keep your personal things，well，personal和空后的“as you walk down the aisles(过道)，by keeping it in front of you and close to your body”可知，当你在过道上走的时候，把它放在你前面，靠近你的身体。此处it指的是E项中的“your bag”，E项“避免你的包撞到其他乘客”符合语境。
3．解析：根据下文提到的“在狭小的机舱里，保持你的个人空间十分有助于每个人有一个更顺利的旅行。让中间座位的乘客使用扶手(这是你最起码能做的)，并保持你的腿放在椅子框架的宽度之内”可知，本段主要讲尊重你有限的空间。故D项适合作此处的小标题。
4．解析：根据前句“Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent(毗邻的)ones，making it tough for family members to buy seats together”(航空公司有时会为特殊乘客预留某些座位，或者对相邻的座位收取额外费用，这使得家庭成员很难购买在一起的座位)，再结合空后的“offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other”(主动提出调换座位，让一家人坐在一起)可知，空处应是描述你能够跟别人调换座位的前提，故A项“如果你是独自一人旅行”符合语境。
5．解析：根据小标题Be willing to swap seats with a family中的swap和下文解释的原因“as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways”可知，此处指的是“但请务必直到飞机到达安全高度之后再交换座位”，故选G项。
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