【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题反意疑问句和感叹句学案（6页word版） 6页

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 反意疑问句和感叹句学案 一、反意疑问句 ‎1．陈述部分含有must/may/might的反意疑问句 ‎①You must go now, needn't you?‎ 你现在必须走，是吗？‎ ‎②You mustn't smoke here, must/may you?‎ 你不可以在此吸烟，行吗？‎ ‎③You must/may/might be hungry now, aren't you?‎ 你现在一定/可能饿了，是吗？‎ ‎④You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?‎ 你一定学英语三年了，对吗？‎ ‎⑤He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?‎ 他一定是昨天完成的，是吗？‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't；当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。‎ ‎2．“must/may be”对现在的情况进行推测，按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。‎ ‎3．“must＋完成时”用来推测过去的动作，强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时，按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理；若句中有表示过去明确的时间状语时，按一般过去时的附加疑问句处理。‎ ‎2．祈使句的反意疑问句 ‎①Don't talk any more, will you?‎ 别再说话了，好吗？‎ ‎②Let's begin the class, shall we/shan't we? ‎ 我们开始上课吧，好吗？‎ ‎③Let us go home now, will/won't you?‎ 现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：‎ ‎(1)否定祈使句，＋will you?‎ ‎(2)肯定祈使句，＋will/won't you?‎ ‎(3)Let's ...，＋shall we?‎ ‎(4)Let us ...，＋will/won't you？‎ ‎3．陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 ‎①He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn't he?‎ 他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？‎ ‎②We believe she can do it better, can't she?‎ 我们相信她会做得更好的，是吗？‎ ‎③Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed, does he?‎ 汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分常和主句保持一致。‎ ‎(2)陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine等，且主句主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致；主句的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。‎ ‎4．陈述部分含有否定含义及否定词的反意疑问句 ‎①He is never late for school, is he?‎ ‎ 他上学从不迟到，是吗？‎ ‎②Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn't he?‎ 汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？‎ ‎③It's unfair, isn't it?‎ 那不公平，是吗？‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。‎ ‎2．陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句：当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。‎ 二、感叹句 ‎①What bad manners it is for the boy to talk with his mouth full!‎ 那个男孩满口食物说话是多么不礼貌啊！‎ ‎②What beautiful flowers these are!‎ ‎＝How beautiful these flowers are!‎ 这些花多美啊！‎ ‎③Failing for the first time has made him come to know important a second chance is.‎ 第一次失败的教训让他开始明白再一次的机会是多么重要。‎ ‎④Look, how hard they are working!‎ 看，他们工作得多辛苦啊！‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 感叹句的基本构成形式 ‎1．What(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎2．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎3．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎4．How＋句子！ 也可表示对句中动作的感叹。‎ 常考点一：反意疑问句 ‎1．How happy Marie is! It is the first time that she has seen pandas face to face, ________ ?‎ A．isn't she　　　　　　　　 B．hasn't she ‎ C．isn't it D．hasn't it 解析：‎ 选C　复合句的反意疑问句的疑问部分的主语及助动词应与主句保持一致。前面是肯定句则后面用否定形式，前面是否定句则后面用肯定形式，所以选择C。‎ ‎2．The ground is wet all over, so I'm sure it must have rained last night, ________ it?‎ A．hasn't B．didn't C．mustn't D．wasn't 解析：选B　句意：地全是湿的，因此我肯定昨晚一定下过雨，是不是？ It must have rained last night表示对过去的情况进行推测，句中有明确的过去时间状语，故反意疑问句根据陈述部分谓语的情况用didn't it。‎ 常考点二：感叹句 ‎3．—Look at the flying pigeons in the sky.‎ ‎—You can't imagine ________ they played in the battlefields.‎ A．what crucial a role B．what role crucial C．how crucial a role D．how a crucial role 解析：选C　句意：“看天空中那些飞着的鸽子。”“你想象不到它们在过去的战场上发挥了多么关键性的作用。”强调单数可数名词，感叹句可有两种形式“What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语”或“How＋形容词＋a/an＋名词＋主语＋谓语”。故选C。‎ 单项填空 ‎1．(2018·江苏省徐州市高三期中考试)I'm afraid there might have been 1,000 audience in the concert last night, ________？‎ A．am not I　　　　　　　　 B．aren't I C．mightn't there D．weren't there 解析：选D　句意：恐怕昨晚的音乐会有1 000位听众，是不是？由于陈述部分为“主语＋afraid＋宾语从句”的结构，且主语是第一人称，因此疑问部分和宾语从句的主谓保持一致。再因为might have done 表示对过去事情的推测且宾语从句中有明显的表示过去的时间状语last night，所以疑问部分反问的是一般过去时态，故疑问部分用weren't there。故选D。‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏省常州市高三期末考试)—The government must have taken ‎ measures to lower the house prices next year, ________ it?‎ ‎—Yes. I guess so.‎ A．didn't B．hasn't C．mustn't D．won't 解析：选B　句意：“政府肯定已经采取措施降低明年房价了，是吗？”“是的，我认为是这样。”must have done表示对过去的情况进行推测，此处强调动作的完成，且没有明确的过去时间状语，问句要用“haven't/hasn't＋主语”，故B选项切题。‎ ‎3．(2018·镇江一中高三模拟)________ for the boy to talk with his mouth full!‎ A．What bad manners they are B．How bad manners they are C．What bad manners it is D．How bad manners it is 解析：选C　句意：这个小男孩满嘴食物讲话是多么没有礼貌啊！根据句式It is bad manners to do sth.“做某事是没有礼貌的。”可排除A和B两项；感叹句中修饰名词时用what，其构成为What＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！故选C。‎ ‎4．You really want my opinion of this young man? OK, then. I would say he didn't quite behave himself at the party, ________.‎ A．if ever B．if so C．if any D．if anything 解析：选D　句意：你真的想知道我对这个年轻人的看法吗？那么好的。如果有什么不同的话，我想说他在聚会上很不守规矩。if ever意为“如果曾经有的话”；if so意为“如果是这样的话”；if any意为“如果有的话”；if anything意为“如果有什么不同的话”。根据句意可知应选D项。‎ ‎5．Johnny wanted to ride his new bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.‎ A．not to B．not do it C．not to do D．do not 解析：选A　句意：约翰尼想骑他的新自行车上街，但是他的妈妈告诉他不要去。tell sb.not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”‎ ‎，此处为了避免和前面重复，省略了动词ride，保留不定式的符号to即可。故A项正确。‎ ‎6．(2018·南京高三检测)A person, when ________， can often do what is normally beyond his ability.‎ A．challenged B．challenges C．challenging D．to challenge 解析：选A　句意：当一个人遇到挑战时，他往往能做出超越他能力的事情。时间状语从句补充完整为“when he is challenged”。故A项正确。‎ ‎7．(2018·南通模拟)Though ________ behind and feeling awkward, Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line.‎ A．leaving B．having left C．left D．being left 解析：选C　句意：尽管杰克落在后面感到很不安，但是他一直坚持跑到终点。这是一个省略句，补充完整是：though he was left behind。当从句中主语和主句中主语一致，而且含有be动词的时候，可以将从句中主语和be动词一起省略，所以选C。‎ ‎8．Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn't surprised that ________ as she was too careless.‎ A．she was so B．so was she C．so did she D．she did so 解析：选D　句意：Anne丢了钱包，妈妈对此毫不惊讶，因为Anne太粗心了。根据前半句Anne lost her wallet可知，此处为省略句，谓语动词应用did so代替lost her wallet。故选D项。‎ ‎9．(2018·江苏高考压轴卷)—What do you think made Mary so upset?‎ ‎—________her new bike.‎ A．Lost B．As she lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 解析：选C　句意：“是什么使得玛丽这么不安呢？”“她丢了自行车。”此题将答句补全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。‎