江苏省如皋中学2020届高三下学期调研测试英语试题 Word版含解析 36页

www.ks5u.com ‎2019～2020学年度高三年级第二学期调研测试 英语试题 第一部分 听力（共20题 满分20 每题1分）‎ 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.When will the man meet Mrs. Brown?‎ A.On Tuesday. B.On Wednesday. C.On Thursday.‎ ‎2.How often does the man lift weights?‎ A.Three times a week. B.Four times a week. C.Seven times a week.‎ ‎3.What does the woman mean?‎ A.Blue looks good.‎ B.The walls needn’t to be painted.‎ C.Any color is OK for her.‎ ‎4.What does the man tell the woman?‎ A.He will open a restaurant.‎ B.Running a restaurant is difficult.‎ C.Most restaurants are very successful.‎ ‎5.What did the man ask the woman to do?‎ A.Edit some files. B.Mail some letters. C.Check her e-mail.‎ 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6.How much is the dress?‎ A$160. B.$180. C.$200.‎ ‎7.How does the woman pay for the dress?‎ A.In cash. B.By credit card. C.By cheque.‎ 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。‎ - 36 -‎ ‎8.What will the man probably do next?‎ A.Have a haircut. B.Repair a lift. C.Buy a souvenir.‎ ‎9.Where does this conversation take place?‎ A.In a gift shop. B.In a barbershop. C.In a hotel.‎ 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10.What are the speakers mainly talking about?‎ A.The man’s appointment.‎ B.The woman’s office hour.‎ C.The man’s health problem.‎ ‎11.Why was the woman annoyed with the man?‎ A.He wasted her time.‎ B.He made too many calls.‎ C.He didn’t wait for her.‎ ‎12.When will the man meet the woman?‎ A.At 3 o’clock this afternoon.‎ B.At 2 o’clock on Tuesday.‎ C.At 2 o’clock on Thursday.‎ 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13.Why does the man look for a flat?‎ A.He wants to live with someone learning biology.‎ B.He’s fed up with living with his parents.‎ C.His parents’ house is far from the university.‎ ‎14.How many people live in the flat right now?‎ A.One. B.Two. C.Three.‎ ‎15.What does the man play in a band?‎ A.The piano. B.The violin. C.The guitar.‎ ‎16.What is the woman likely to do?‎ A.Find a flat near the university.‎ B.Invite Peter to live with her.‎ C.Refuse the man’s request.‎ - 36 -‎ 听第10 段材料,回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17.When does the speech probably take place?‎ A.At the beginning of a term.‎ B.In the middle of a term.‎ CAt the end of a term.‎ ‎18.How long does the advisory office open during the weekday?‎ A.8 hours. B.11 hours. C.12 hours.‎ ‎19.What can Jarrod Howard help with?‎ A.Study-related problems.‎ B.Information about jobs.‎ C.Money matters.‎ ‎20.Whom should students turn to if they have personal problems?‎ A.Rodney Reid. B.Jim Smith. C.Laura Lea.‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎1.Using this data, third party companies could then paint an accurate picture of users’ habits and ________ in order to serve them more targeted advertisements.‎ A. presentation B. preservation C. preference D. persistence ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过使用这些数据，第三方公司能够精确地掌握用户的习惯与偏好，为他们提供更有针对性的广告。A. presentation呈现；B. preservation保护；C. preference偏好、爱好；D. persistence坚持。分析句子结合句意可知，空白处填名词preference，表“偏好”，符合句意。故选C项。‎ ‎2.At first, the company _______ many fine promises to Jack in order to get him to work for them.‎ - 36 -‎ A. held up B. held back C. held off D. held out ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：首先，为了让Jack为他们工作，这个公司拿出了很多很好的承诺。A. held up举起；B. held back隐瞒、控制；C. held off抵抗、拖延；D. held out伸出、拿出、呈现。分析句子“in order to get him to work for them”可知，空白处填动词held out，表“拿出”，符合句意。故选D项。‎ ‎3.The police are trying to find out the evidence of the woman _________ in the bathroom.‎ A. murdered B. to be murdered C. being murdered D. murdering ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察正在努力找出那个女士在浴室被谋杀的证据。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是are trying，所以空白处要用非谓语动词；谋杀（murder）与逻辑主语the woman是被动关系，要用过去分词形式。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】非谓语动词解题三原则：‎ ‎1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，来判断是否使用非谓语动词形式。‎ ‎2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态。‎ ‎3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。‎ ‎4.The overall consumption scale is expected to reach 201 billion yuan this year, meaning an increase of 18.5 percent over ________ of 2018.‎ A. that B. it C. the one D. those ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词。句意：今年，整体消费规模有望达到2010亿元，这意味着比2018年增加18.5%。分析句子可知，空白处指代“今年的整体消费规模”，与“2018年的的整体消费规模”是同一类，但不是同一个，要用that指代。the one 不能只代不可数名词。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】代词one, it that的用法： ‎ ‎1.one, it, that常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词。例如：①I'm looking for a flat. I - 36 -‎ ‎'d really like one with a garden. ②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom. ③The population of China is larger than that of any other country. ‎ ‎2.one可指人或物，只替代单数可数名词，复数用ones. One是泛指，但有限定修饰语，如the, this, that…修饰就变成了特指。如： ①One must do one's duty. ②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one. ③The new designs are much better than the old ones. ‎ ‎3.that只指物，不指人，可替代可数名词或不可数名词，具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西，即同类异物。如：The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一个图书馆。) ‎ ‎4．One 和that 在代替可数名词时，如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时，the one 和that可互换。但该名词如有前置定语，则只能用the one,而不能用that。例如：①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那个座位旁边。②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替换 )。 ‎ ‎5．That的复数形式those代替可数名词的复数。可指人或物，一般后面跟修饰语。如：①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past. ②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains. ‎ ‎6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名词做定语从句的先行词时，其关系代词which在that之后，which不能省略，而在the one、ones 之后，which可省略。如：①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago. ‎ ‎7.代替不可数名词时，应该用that。如：The equipment is different from that. ‎ ‎8.it代替上文所提到的名词时，是指同类事物中的同一样东西，即同类事物。如：I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it. ‎ ‎9.it和that可代替前面整个句子的意思，而one却不能；that可引导一个限定性定语从句，代替某个先行词（单复数名词均可），it和one则不能；it可代替不定式、动名词或从句，用作形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于强调句型中，而one和that则不能。如：①-I will make bed for you. –It is very kind of you. ②Jim said he had read my novel.But that was not possible. ③A clock is an instrument that tells time. ④The students that surf the Internet will be punished by the teacher. ⑤It is nice to see you again. ⑥It is no use calling her up. ⑦I found it impossible for me to pass the test. ⑧It was I who broke your window.‎ ‎5.He also hopes that he always has the courage to pursue his love of music, ________‎ - 36 -‎ ‎ what others think.‎ A. apart from B. in spite of C. regardless of D. in addition to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词词组辨析。句意：他也希望他一直有勇气追求他对音乐的热爱，不顾别人的想法。A. apart from除了；B. in spite of 尽管；C. regardless of不管、不顾；D. in addition to除……以外。分析句子可知，空白处填regardless of，表“不管、不顾”，故选C项。‎ ‎6.—The price of pork is going up madly. It’s really too much for us.‎ ‎—But for the situation where many pig farms _______ a rare pig disease, things would not be like this.‎ A. meet with B. have met with C. met with D. had met with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——猪肉的价格疯长。对我们来说太贵了。——要不是很多猪场遇见了罕见的猪瘟，事情不会是这样的。分析句子可知，猪场遇见猪瘟是已经发生的事情，对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时态，且主语pig farms是复数，所以要用have met with。故选B项。‎ ‎7.The time is not far away ________ fair national health service will be available to all Chinese people.‎ A. when B. as C. until D. before ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：全民享有公平的国民保健服务的日子已经不远了。A. when当……时候；B. as随着；C. until直到；D. before在……以前。分析句子可知，本句是个主系表结构，the time是主语，is是系动词，表语是far away；______ fair national health service will be available to all Chinese people是定语从句，其先行词为the time；先行词在从句中做时间状语，用when。故选A项。‎ - 36 -‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句关系词的选择：‎ ‎1.先行词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语，就用关系代词（who，whom，whose，that， which和as）；先行词在从句中做状语就用关系副词（when，where和 why）。‎ ‎2. who指人，做主语、宾语和表语；whom指人，在从句中作宾语；whose表“谁的”，在从句中作定语；that多指物，有时也指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，有时作表语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；as指人或事物，在从句中作宾语，有时作主语或表语，常用于“the same（adj.）＋名词＋as或such（adj.）＋名词＋as”等结构中及先行词是代词such或 same的情况下。‎ ‎3. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语；why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语。‎ ‎8.Don’t be afraid! If the person standing in front of us were a witch, she _______ us into frogs already.‎ A would turn B. would have turned C. may turn D. may have turned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查if引导的虚拟条件句。句意：别害怕！如果站在我们面前的人是女巫，她早把我们变成青蛙了。分析句子可知，事实上站在我们面前的不是女巫，所以if引导的从句是用的虚拟语气；且根据already可以知道是对已经发生的事情（过去）的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟时，谓语要用wouldcouldmightshould+have done，故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】if 引导的虚拟语气的用法概括：‎ ‎1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： ‎ If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. ‎ 如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好） ‎ If they had time, they would / could / might go with me. ‎ 如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。 ‎ ‎2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如： ‎ - 36 -‎ If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake. ‎ 如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。 ‎ ‎3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： ‎ The glass would break if you dropped it. ‎ 杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来） ‎ If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved. ‎ 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。‎ ‎9.However, most of the fires this year are believed ________ by farmers, who use fire as a traditional way to clean land.‎ A. causing B. to be caused C. having caused D. to have caused ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词不定式的被动。句意：然而，今年大部分火灾被认为是农民引起的，农民使用火作为传统的清洁耕地的方式。be believed to do 意为“被认为”；引起（cause）和火灾（fires）是被动关系，用be caused，所以空白处填to be caused，故选B项。‎ ‎10.The massive appeal of China’ s online literature has also ________ its reach to millions of readers worldwide.‎ A. evolved B. slipped C. extended D. shaped ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国网络文学拥有着巨大的魅力，也吸引了世界各地的数百万读者。A. evolved涉及；B. slipped滑动；C. extended延伸、扩大；D. shaped塑造。分析句子“reach to millions of readers worldwide”可知，空白处填extended，表示“延伸、扩大”，符合句意。故选C项。‎ ‎11.Despite Johnson’s being green at his job, the work he did was ________ and thus won the manager’s approval.‎ A. familiar B. demanding C. adequate D.‎ - 36 -‎ ‎ primitive ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管约翰逊在工作上是新手，但他工作做得很充分，因此赢得了经理的认可。A. familiar相似的；B. demanding要求高的；C. adequate充分的、足够的；D. primitive原始的、简单的。分析句子“thus won the manager’s approval”可知，空白处填“充分的（adequate）”符合句意。故选C项。‎ ‎12.- Have you known each other for long?‎ ‎- Not really. ________ we started to work in this school.‎ A. Just after B. Just when C. Ever since D. Just before ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：---你们认得彼此很长时间了吗？---不是，（我们认得）是自从在这个学校学习以来。A. Just after就在…后面；B. Just when就在…时候；C. Ever since自从；D. Just before就在…前面。这句话的主句We have known each other被省略了，所以根据句意从句用ever since。故选C。‎ ‎13.People often have difficulty facing reality when further scientific discovery challenges _______ they have previously thought to be settled facts.‎ A. what B. that C. who D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：当进一步的科学发现对他们之前认为是既定事实的东西发起挑战时，人们通常很难面对现实。分析句子可知，空白处做challenges（挑战）的宾语，且引导宾语从句，在从句中做thought（认为）的宾语，称之为“双重成分”，用what。故选A项。‎ ‎14.— I am bored with running.‎ ‎— Why not try trampoline, a new fitness craze that ______ the world by storm?‎ A. took B. is taking C. had taken D. will take ‎【答案】B - 36 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我厌倦了跑步。——为什么不试试蹦床，它是一种新的健身热潮，正迅速席卷全球。take the world by storm意为“名震四海、席卷全球”；蹦床席卷全球是正在发生的事情，要用现在进行时态，故选B项。‎ ‎15.— Congratulations, Tom! You have won the first prize in the physics competition.‎ ‎— Don’t ________. I am not good at physics, you know.‎ A. be a wet blanket B. pull my leg C. be a no-brainer D. be all thumbs ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情景交际及习惯表达。句意：——祝贺你！汤姆。你在物理竞赛中赢得了第一名。——别开我玩笑。你知道的，我不擅长物理。A. be a wet blanket令人扫兴的人或物；B. pull my leg开我玩笑；C. be a no-brainer简单的事情；D. be all thumbs笨手笨脚的。分析句子可知，听到别人说自己在不擅长的事情上获第一，应该觉得是在开玩笑，pull my leg是开玩笑的意思。故选B项。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20题 满分20分 每题1分）‎ 阅读下面短文，结合语境从选项ABCD中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Society has certain standards for beauty. But Romanian photographer Mihaela Noroc, who spent nearly four years shooting___16___of women from around the world, is___17___these standards.‎ She believes that beauty can___18___many forms. “Beauty just means being___19___,” Noroc told NPR. “I don’t think we have to___20___ourselves to be in a certain way; I think we just have to keep ourselves___21___we are and don’t necessarily need to change.”‎ ‎___22___by a trip to Africa in 2013, Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries and regions since then. In 2017, she compiled a book called The Atlas of Beauty: Women of the World in 500 Portraits to show how many different kinds of ___23___ there are in the world. A new___24___of her book has recently caused heated discussion on social media.‎ From a_____25_____Russian dancer to a talkative cafe owner in New York, Noroc’s - 36 -‎ ‎ subjects_____26_____her in deep conversation. Noroc found out what moves them, what their daily struggles and joys are, and what brings beauty into their own lives. “Wherever I go, it’s the women that____27____ all the culture and traditions of a place. I____28____try to focus on women’s stories, how they face challenges and overcome them,” Noroc told CNN.‎ Her encounter with Ala, a student at a self-defense school in Jordan called “She Fighter”, left a ____29____impression on her. Ala raises her fists as she looks into the____30____while her face is covered by a white hijab (面纱). Noroc describes She Fighter as “the first self-defense school for women in the Arab world”, and writes, “I discovered a(n)____31____initiative(主动性) and a splendid sisterhood.”‎ In Iran, Noroc met Norocmet Farnoush, a woman who lives in____32____worlds. “In one she is an economist, ____33____profession. In the other, she is an artist, because this is her ____34____”. For Noroc, the women’s beauty lies in how____35____and comfortable they appear while just being themselves.‎ ‎16. A. targets B. concerns C. outlines D. portraits ‎17. A. appealing B. refreshing C. challenging D. deleting ‎18. A. take on B. focus on C. fold up D. turn out ‎19. A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. herself ‎20. A. adapt B. cater C. acknowledge D. change ‎21. A. as B. that C. who D. how ‎22. A. Advocated B. Inspired C. Stimulated D. Privileged ‎23. A. tradition B. photographer C. school D. beauty ‎24. A. headline B. reaction C. edition D. catalogue ‎25. A. struggling B. confusing C. disappointing D. enterprising ‎26. A. employed B. engaged C. enabled D. emphasized - 36 -‎ ‎27. A. perform B. seek C. carry D. spread ‎28. A. only B. originally C. readily D. really ‎29. A. concrete B. lasting C. subjective D. vague ‎30. A. camera B. book C. café D. screen ‎31. A. demanding B. decreasing C. amazing D. abusing ‎32. A. false B. explicit C. valid D. two ‎33. A. after B. by C. beneath D. with ‎34. A. passion B. contribution C. substitution D. ambition ‎35. A. dynamic B. noble C. natural D. elegant ‎【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了罗马摄影师Mihaela Noroc。她认为美可以有很多方式，人只要在做自己时自然舒服就是美。她出了一本书叫《美的地图集：世界上500个女士的肖像》，书中她关注女性故事，本文还举了几个书中的人物作为例子。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是罗马摄影师Mihaela Noroc，花了差不多四年时间拍摄世界各地的女性肖像，他在挑战这些标准。A. targets目标；B. concerns担心、关心；C. outlines大纲；D. portraits肖像。根据下文Women of the World in 500 Portraits 可知，摄影师的工作是拍照，shoot portrait意为“拍肖像”。故选D。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是罗马摄影师Mihaela Noroc，花了差不多四年时间拍摄世界各地的女性肖像，他在挑战这些标准。A. appealing呼吁；B. refreshing更新；C. challenging挑战；D. deleting删除。下文She believes that beauty can___3___many forms.证明她认为美有很多种形式，不是社会认定的特定标准，这是在挑战（challenge）社会的特定标准，故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：她相信美可以呈现很多形式。A. take on呈现；B. focus - 36 -‎ ‎ on专注于；C. fold up折叠；D. turn out结果是。故选A。由下文I don’t think we have to___5___ourselves to be in a certain way可知不一定要用特定的方式改变自己，就说明可以呈现（take on）很多形式。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查反身代词词义辨析。句意：美只意味着做你自己。A. itself它自己；B. yourself 你自己；C. himself他自己；D. herself她自己。这里是间接引语，根据语境，用第二人称合适，故选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我认为我们不需要用特定的方式改变我们自己。A. adapt适应；B. cater迎合；C. acknowledge承认；D. change改变。下文don’t necessarily need to change说明这里要填change（改变）。故选D。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：我认为我们只要保持自己原来的样子，不需要改变。A. as正如、像；B. that那个；C. who谁；D. how怎样。不改变就是保持自己原来的样子，as we are意为“像我们”，本句为as引导的方式状语从句。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：受2013年非洲之旅的激励，那之后Noroc已经旅行了超过50个国家和地区。A. Advocated提倡；B. Inspired激励、鼓舞；C. Stimulated刺激；D. Privileged特免。根据Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries and regions since then，非洲之旅行激励（inspire）了她之后的旅行。故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，她编撰了一本书：《美的地图集：世界上500个女士的肖像》，以此来展示世界上有多少种版本的美。A. tradition传统；B. photographer摄影师；C. school学校；D. beauty美。前文She believes that beauty can___3___many forms.说明这里要填美（beauty）。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：2017年，她编撰了一本书：《美的地图集：世界上500个女士的肖像》，以此来展示世界上有多少种版本的美。A. headline标题；B. reaction反应；C. edition版本；D. catalogue 目录。根据上文many forms可知，她认为美有很多形式，就会有很多版本（version）。故选C。‎ - 36 -‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在纽约，从努力的俄国舞者到健谈的咖啡馆店主，Noroc的目标人物和她进行深入的交谈。A. struggling努力的；B. confusing困惑的；C. disappointing让人失望的；D. enterprising有进取心的。下文的what their daily struggles and joys are提示这里要用struggling意为“努力的”。故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在纽约，从努力的俄国舞者到健谈的咖啡馆店主，Noroc的目标人物和她进行深入的交谈。A. employed雇佣；B. engaged吸引、占用；C. enabled使能够；D. emphasized强调。engage sb. in conversation 意为“和某人谈话”。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我走到哪儿，是女性传承一个地方的所有文化和传统。A. perform执行、完成；B. seek寻找；C. carry拿、传承、携带；D. spread传播。根据语境，传承文化用carry。故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我努力专注于女性故事，他们怎样面对挑战和克服它们。A. only仅仅；B. originally最初地；C. readily容易地；D. really实际上、真正地。从前文说的她拍了500张女性肖像就可以看出，她实际上（really）在关注女性。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她与约旦自卫学校被称为“She Fighter”的学生Ala的遇见给她留下了持久的印象。A. concrete具体的；B. lasting持久的； C. subjective主观的；D. vague模糊的。根据，下文对Ala的描述可知，Ala给她留下了持久的印象（lasting）。故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她看向照相机的时候，Ala举起拳头，而她的脸被白色的面纱遮住。A. camera照相机；B. book书；C. café咖啡馆；D. screen屏幕。Ala是被拍照的人，所以应该是看向照相机（camera），故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Noroc 把“She Fighter” 描绘成阿拉伯世界第一个女性自卫学校，还写到：我发现令人惊讶的主动性和深深的姐妹情。A. demanding要求高的；B. decreasing减少；C. amazing让人惊讶的；D. abusing滥用的。根据initiative(主动性) and a splendid - 36 -‎ ‎ sisterhood.她的主动性和深深的姐妹情这很让人惊讶（amazing）。故选C ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在伊朗，Noroc 遇到了Norocmet Farnoush，一个居住在两个世界的女性。A. false错的；B. explicit明确的；C. valid 有效的；D. two两个的。 下文In one she is an economist, ___18___profession. In the other, she is an artist, because this is her ___19___说明居住在两个（two）世界。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查介词词词义辨析。句意：在一个世界里面，依据职业来说，她是经济学家。在另一个世界里面，她是艺术家，因为这是她的激情所在。A. after在……之后；B. by通过、依据；C. beneath在……下面；D. with和、用。Norocmet Farnoush被称为经济学家，是依据职业分类的，by做“通过、依据”解。故选B ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个里面她是经济学家，依据职业来说。在另一个里面，她是艺术家，因为这是她的激情所在。A. passion热爱、激情；B. contribution贡献；C. substitution代替；D. ambition雄心壮志。职业是生活需要，艺术就是自己热爱的东西，是自己的激情所在，passion做“热爱、激情”。故选A 。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Noroc来说，女性的美在于她们在做自己的时候显得多自然和舒服。A. dynamic有活力的；B. noble高尚的；C. natural自然的；D. elegant优雅的。前文I think we just have to keep ourselves___6___we are and don’t necessarily need to change.说明她认为不需要改变，自然的（natural）就好。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是根据生活常识进行解答。比如：12小题判断怎样文化和传统，四个选项中只有carry可以表“传承、承载、携带”符合语境，故选C项；18小题，要判断经济学家跟专业的关系，就应该是依据专业划分出经济学家，by意为“通过、依据”，故选B项。‎ 第三部分 阅读理解（共15题 每题2分 满分30分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 A Wanna soften the blow of a hangover?‎ - 36 -‎ A hangover refers to the headache and sick feeling that you have the day after drinking too much alcohol. If you are looking for something to nurse your hangover, you will find the following right ideas.‎ ‎1. ASIAN PEAR JUICE Have some extra Asian pears at home? Run them through your juicer before your next night out. According to researchers at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, just 7.4 ounces of Asian pear juice is enough to soften the blow of a hangover. The scientists say that the juice interacts with enzymes that break down alcohol, speeding up your metabolism and leaving less surplus alcohol for your body to absorb. There’s just one catch: The juice must be consumed before you drink anything else in order to be effective.‎ ‎2. MUSIC Anyone who’s ever suffered through a massive hangover knows that sound is the enemy. But while your roommate’s 9 a.m. tap dancing practice might exacerbate (加剧) your symptoms, music may have the opposite effect. Research has shown that listening to music can provide relief to migraines, which are similar to hangover headaches. As long as the music is pleasant and suits your taste, it should help to drown out the chorus of pain laying in your mind. Head sensitivity isn’t the only symptom music helps with. According to researchers at the University of Edinburgh, listening to your favorite music also eases pain.‎ ‎3. EGGS The best way to tackle a hangover with food is to eat while you drink. Chowing down after the damage has already been done may distract you from your turmoil for a short while, but it won’t soothe your physical symptoms. There are a few exceptions: Eggs, for example, have hangover-fighting potential thanks to a special ingredient. The food is packed with cysteine, an amino acid that breaks down the drinking byproduct acetaldehyde (乙醛). So whether you prefer to enjoy brunch out or at home, make sure your meal includes eggs in some form.‎ ‎36. According to the passage, the author may agree with the following EXCEPT______.‎ A. Asian pear juice can help soften the blow of a hangover if you drink it before - 36 -‎ ‎ anything else.‎ B. Your roommate can make you suffer less from a hangover by practising tap dancing at 9.‎ C. Eggs are said to contain a special ingredient that may soothe the symptoms of a hangover.‎ D. Enjoying your favorite piece of music is an efficient way to fight the pain of a hangover.‎ ‎37. The passage is most probably taken from ______.‎ A. a textbook B. a science fiction C. a health magazine D. an advertisement ‎【答案】36. B 37. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。喝太多酒后的宿醉时，会头疼和恶心。文章就怎么缓解宿醉给了三条建议。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“But while your roommate’s 9 a.m. tap dancing practice might exacerbate (加剧) your symptoms, music may have the opposite effect.”可知，室友9点钟调踢踏舞可能加剧你的症状，音乐有相反的作用。所以，你的室友能通过在九点跳踢踏舞来缓解你的痛苦，这样的表达是不对的。故选B项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段“If you are looking for something to nurse your hangover, you will find the following right ideas.”可知，如果你在找缓解宿醉的东西，你可以遵循以下想法。说明文章是跟健康有关系的，所以最可能在健康杂志上出现。故选C项。‎ B It is not unusual for universities to create a range of new courses each semester. A recently-launched course at Fudan University has become a hit both on and off campus.‎ Just how popular is it? In the first round of course selection, more than 1,000 students chose the course, Breaking Myths (似是而非). Only 258 were lucky enough to get seats in the classroom.‎ The course, titled with a Chinese phrase meaning “apparently right, but actually wrong”, aims to discuss the differences between science and pseudoscience (伪科学)‎ - 36 -‎ ‎ in different subject areas.‎ Pseudoscience includes beliefs, theories or practices that are considered scientific but which actually have no supporting data.‎ Scientists around the world worry about its influence on people. To help young people tell the two apart, Fudan University launched the new course. It brings together 12 professors from fields including literature, science and medicine, with a total of 17 subjects to be discussed.‎ These topics include the probable risks of vaccination; whether genes are our destiny (宿命); and whether mobile phone radiation is harmful. The aim of the course, according to the university, is to remove prejudices and provide new ways of thinking.‎ Speaking to China Youth Daily, Fudan University undergraduate Jiang Xinyi said, “In the era of prevalent (盛行的) fake news, both my classmates and I hope to enhance our judgment through this course.‎ Lou Hongwei, one of the course lecturers, said, pseudoscience attempts to claim the credibility of real sciences without the research findings to support its claims. He explained one such math fallacy (谬误): “Should people prefer community health centers to a comprehensive Grade A hospital if data shows a lower death rate at the former?” Some people do. But according to Lou, hospitals deal with more deadly conditions, so more deaths can be expected there.‎ Such logical fallacies are widespread, hard to resist but actually unreasonable, he concluded.‎ Fudan is not the first university to offer such a course. Many other universities around the world also teach skepticism of pseudoscience. As part of its philosophy (哲学) degree, the University of St Andrews, in Scotland, offers a course called “Scientific Thinking”. In the United States, the University of Nebraska Omaha offers a Science and Critical Thinking course as part of its natural science degree.‎ Like Fudan University, they examine popular pseudoscientific subjects including ghosts, psychics (通灵) and space aliens. They also focus on distinctions between science and non-science, errors in reasoning and critical thinking.‎ - 36 -‎ ‎38. Why did Fudan University offer students the new course?‎ A. To get more students interested in science.‎ B To help students develop scientific thinking.‎ C. To broaden students’ science knowledge.‎ D. To promote more teacher-student interaction.‎ ‎39. Why did the author quote Lou Hongwei’s words in Paragraph 8?‎ A. To show the best way to identify fallacies.‎ B. To describe the features of the new course.‎ C. To show how pseudoscience can be hard to distinguish.‎ D. To explain the differences between science and pseudoscience.‎ ‎40. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?‎ A. Many universities offer similar courses to Fudan’s new one.‎ B. Scepticism of pseudoscience has become the recent focus of attention.‎ C. Popular pseudoscientific topics were specially chosen for philosophy majors.‎ D. The ability of reasoning is highly valued in various courses.‎ ‎【答案】38. B 39. C 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了复旦大学新开设的课程：似是而非。这个课程的目的是讨论不同主题范围内科学和伪科学的区别。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第三段“The course, titled with a Chinese phrase meaning “apparently right, but actually wrong”, aims to discuss the differences between science and pseudoscience (伪科学) in different subject areas.”可知，这门课的标题是“表面是正确，事实上是错误的”，目个的是讨论在不同主题范围内科学和伪科学的不同。要区分科学与伪科学，就是要有科学的思维。由此判断出复旦大学开设新课的目的是培养学生的科学思维。故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第九段“Such logical fallacies are widespread, hard to resist but actually unreasonable, he - 36 -‎ ‎ concluded.”可知，这样的逻辑谬误很普遍，很难抵抗，但实际上不合理，他总结说。因此，引用娄红梅的话是为了展现伪科学有多难被区分。故选C项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Fudan is not the first university to offer such a course.”可知复旦不是第一个开这种课程的学校；由最后一段“They also focus on distinctions between science and non-science, errors in reasoning and critical thinking.可知其他的学校也专注在区分科学和非科学，理性思维和批判性思维的错误。由此可以看出很多大学也有跟复旦提出的新课程相似的课程。故选A项。‎ ‎”‎ C Climate emergencies are a bit like buses. You wait an age for one and then three come along at once. Parliaments in the UK and Ireland passed motions declaring a climate emergency in May. Last Monday, Canada followed suit.‎ It isn’t just parliament sounding the alarm. “This is a climate emergency,” said U.N. climate chief Patricia Espinosa for the first time last Tuesday. Hours earlier, James Bevan of England’s Environment Agency and Vince Cable, the leader of the U.K.’s Liberal Democrats, also used the phrase.‎ They join a cast of high-profile public figures already on the bus, from UK opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn to UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres. But how did the language of climate change campaigners jump to the lips of the establishment, and should we welcome its seemingly unstoppable adoption?‎ Does this language make a difference? A day after Canada’s climate emergency motion, it approved a £4.4 billion oil pipeline. Bristol City Council in the UK also declared a climate emergency, yet the city’s mayor subsequently backed expansion of the local airport. Nothing changed on UK streets after parliament declared a climate emergency, notes former Labour Party leader Ed MIliband. “This silent response to an alarm that we ourselves have sounded symbolizes the challenge we face,” he wrote. _______?_______‎ Mike Hulme at the University of Cambridge argues against the phrase because it implies “time-limited radical(激进的)” action could end the emergency, when climate change is actually a “new condition of human existence.” Some, HUlme included, also - 36 -‎ ‎ fear the language may cause counterproductive responses.‎ Bur Roz Pidcock of communication organization Climate Outreach says a climate emergency “suggests a response that is very radical in scale and ambition, but not incautious or knee-jerk(本能的),” and certainly not a license for extreme measure like geoengineering the climate.‎ Despite the risk of phrase being devalued, Rebecca Willis at Lancaster University in the U.K. tells me it is still useful ---and that’s because it is true. As Spratt says, “You cannot solve a problem unless you name it for exactly what it is.” Getting politicians to adopt the language will also be crucial to holding them to tough policy decisions later, says Doug Parr of Greenpeace.‎ The phrase’s widespread adoption isn’t a problem. The lack of action equivalent to such language is. And that action is going to include a lot of silently gliding electric buses.‎ ‎41. Which of the following sentences may best end Paragraph 4?‎ A. We should strive to stimulate people’s initiative.‎ B. The use of “climate emergency” highlights the challenge.‎ C. Such a mismatch risks making the term meaningless.‎ D. There are many people against the use of the phrase.‎ ‎42. It can be inferred from the passage that Mike Hulme thinks that ______.‎ A. climate change call for deliberate consideration before action is taken B. immediate action should be taken to put climate emergency to an end C. the phrase “climate emergency” may lead to the opposite consequences D. people all over the world have been accustomed to climate change ‎43. Which of the following arguments can be used in favour of the phrase “climate emergency”?.‎ A. Extreme measures will be taken to address the issue of climate change B. The use of the phrase may contribute to substantial policymaking.‎ C. The phrase will make no sense unless practical solutions are found.‎ D. Less attention is paid to the phrase though it reflects a true story.‎ ‎44. What is the author’s attitude towards the phrase “climate emergency”?‎ - 36 -‎ A. Negative B. Optimistic C. Indifferent D. Objective ‎【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了“气候突发事件”这个热门词汇。文章通过举例说明，有些人支持这样说，也有一些人反对这样说。结论是现在各国都知道这个问题，但缺少解决问题的实际行动。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段“Bristol City Council in the UK also declared a climate emergency, yet the city’s mayor subsequently backed expansion of the local airport. Nothing changed on UK streets after parliament declared a climate emergency”可知，英国布里斯托尔市议会宣布气候突发事件，但是城市的市长随后支持扩建当地机场。在国会宣布气候突发事件后应该街上没有任何改变。举的例子都是有气候突发事件，但是人们没有采取任何措施，这使得宣布有气候突发事件没有意义。因此，空白处填”这种不匹配可能会让这个术语变得毫无意义”最合适。故选C项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第五段“Mike Hulme at the University of Cambridge argues against the phrase because it implies “time-limited radical(激进的)” action could end the emergency, when climate change is actually a “new condition of human existence.”可知，剑桥大学的Mike Hulme反对这种表达，因为当气候变化实际上是一个人类存在的新条件时，它暗示的是有时间限制的激进行为可以结束突发事件；由第五段“HUlme included, also fear the language may cause counterproductive responses.”可知，HUlme总结说，担心这种语言会导致适得其反的反应。从Mike Hulme的话可以看出，他认为说提出climate change这个说法前，要充分考虑，不然可能适得其反。所A“在行动前气候变化需要深思熟虑。”是对的。故选A项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Getting politicians to adopt the language will also be crucial to holding them to tough policy decisions later,”可知让政客们采纳这种语言，对让他们之后坚持严格的政策决定会很重要。由此可以看出，可以采取严厉的政策来处理气候变化问题，这个表达可以被用来支持气候突发事件这个说法。故选B项。‎ - 36 -‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后一段“The phrase’s widespread adoption isn’t a problem. The lack of action equivalent to such language is.”可知，这个短语被广泛采用不是问题。缺乏与这样的表达对等的行动才是问题。由此可以看出，作者对其后突发事件这个表达的态度是有正面的也有否定的，是客观的（objective）。故选D项。‎ D When I opened my closet door this morning, I saw a sign that says, “Good morning, beautiful business.” It’s a reminder to me of just how beautiful business can be when we put all our creativity, energy, and care into producing one product or service in exchange for another. Economic exchange can be one of the most meaningful and beautiful interactions among human beings.‎ Over the past years since I started the White Dog Café, my business has not only provided me with a way of making a living and a way of serving others but also been my teacher. In reading Small Is Beautiful I realized that so much of what my business has taught me can be found in the great lessons of E.F. Schumacher: it is of great benefit to keep your business focusing on the needs of workers rather than only on what they produce; you’d better use a management style that balances freedom and order; you should build sustainable local economies and respect the land and nature. The effects of industrialization that worried Schumacher decades ago have gotten even worse: namely, wealth inequality and the growing degradation (退化) of our environment.‎ Today much of what I care about ---nature, animals, communities, family farms, family businesses, native cultures, the character of our towns and cities, even our children’s future---is being threatened by corporate globalization. To protect all that I care deeply about, I need to step out of my own company, out of the White Dog - 36 -‎ ‎ Café. I started my journey with the simple idea that a sustainable global economy must be compromised of sustainable local economies. Rather than a global economy controlled by large international corporations, our movement advocates a global economy with a network of local economies made up of small independent businesses that create community wealth while working in harmony with natural system.‎ I opened the White Dog Café in 1983 on the first floor of my house in a neighborhood of Philadelphia. It is the house I have lived in since I was a child. Today much of the food I serve at the White Dog Café comes from the same land where my ancestors once farmed. When I opened the café years ago, it was a simple coffee and cake take-away shop serving students who lived nearby. Over the years we have expanded our menu and grown to occupy five buildings. We now employ more 100 people, can seat more than two hundred customers, and earn over $5 million a year! I owe our success to making decisions not for the purpose of maximizing profits but instead maximizing the relationships with our customers and staff, with our community, with our suppliers and with our natural environment.‎ Now I still live above the shop. I still have the old-fashioned way of doing business---the way it was in the old days with the family farm, the family inn, and the corner store. Living and working in the same community has given me a stronger sense of place and a different business outlook. When I make a business decision, it comes naturally for my decision to be made in the common interest of all involved because every day I see the people affected by my decision---my neighbours, my customers, and my employees as well as the natural world. There is a short distance between the business decision-maker and those affected by the decision. I believe that when we are surrounded by those affected by our decisions, we are more likely to make a decision from the heart as opposed to the head.‎ Business schools teach “grow or die”. But I make a conscious decision to continue to be a small business because I know that when we grow in physical size, we give up something very important ---authentic relationships with the people around us and those we do business with. I have come to realize that we can measure our success by measuring how much we improve our knowledge, deepen our relationships, achieve - 36 -‎ ‎ happiness, and have more fun.‎ ‎45. What do we know about the sign on the author’s closet door?‎ A. It has been her family motto for years.‎ B. It serves as an inspiration to her.‎ C. It comes from one of her favourite book.‎ D. It helps her forget difficulties in business.‎ ‎46. What is one drawback of corporate globalization according to the author?‎ A. The high cost. B. Small profits.‎ C. Poor management. D. Damage to the environment.‎ ‎47. What did the author do when facing the threat of corporate globalization?‎ A. She worked together with other independent businesses.‎ B. She fought against the global economy in her community.‎ C. She expanded her own business at home and abroad.‎ D. She learned from large international corporations.‎ ‎48. What is the secret behind the success of the White Dog Café?‎ A. It always has regular customers.‎ B. It has been run as a family business.‎ C. It gets along well with the people involved.‎ D. It makes big profits by developing fast.‎ ‎49. Why does the author choose to live and work in the same community?‎ A She wants to stay close to her family.‎ B. She can learn about others’ opinions easily.‎ C. Food in her café can be served immediately.‎ D. Neighbors can be her customers or employees.‎ ‎50. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply?‎ A. We usually learn how to do business in business school.‎ B. Business schools focus on the basic principles of business.‎ C. We tend to measure success in business by constant growth.‎ D. Business schools teach when to expand or leave the business.‎ - 36 -‎ ‎【答案】45. B 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章的作者开了一间咖啡店，开店的过程教会了作者许多。在企业全球化的大背景下，作者依然选择做小生意，因为作者认为衡量成功的标准是我们知识的增加，关系的加深，获得的幸福和享受的快乐。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段“It’s a reminder to me of just how beautiful business can be when we put all our creativity, energy, and care into producing one product or service in exchange for another.”可知它提醒我，当我们将所有的创造力和关心都投入到生产一种产品或服务以换取另一种时，有多美好。由此可以看出，这个标志对作者来说是一种鼓励。故选B项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段“Today much of what I care about ---nature, animals, communities, family farms, family businesses, native cultures, the character of our towns and cities, even our children’s future---is being threatened by corporate globalization.”可知，现在我担心的是：自然、动物、社区、家庭农场、家族生意、本族文化、我们城镇和城市的特征，甚至是孩子的未来，这些正受到企业全球化的威胁。因此企业全球化的一个缺点是损坏环境，故选D项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段“Rather than a global economy controlled by large international corporations, our movement advocates a global economy with a network of local economies made up of small independent businesses that create community wealth while working in harmony with natural system.”可知，比起全球经济被大型跨国公司控制，我们的行动提倡一个具有地方经济网络的全球经济，由很多小型独立企业构成，在创造社区财富的同时与自然和谐相处。所以面对企业全球化的威胁，她选择跟独立企业合作。故选A项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由倒数第二段段“When I make a business decision, it comes naturally for my decision to be made in the common interest of all involved because every day I see the people affected by my decision---my neighbours, my customers, and my employees - 36 -‎ ‎ as well as the natural world. ”可知，在我做决定的时候，我的决定自然地是为了所有有关人员的共同利益，因为每一天我见到的人都影响我的决定；包括邻居、客户、雇员和自然世界。所以White Dog Café成功的秘密是它跟所有相关的人和睦相处。故先C项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段“I owe our success to making decisions not for the purpose of maximizing profits but instead maximizing the relationships with our customers and staff, with our community, with our suppliers and with our natural environment.”可知，我的成功归功于做决定时不为利益最大化，而是最大化与客户和员工、社区、供应商和自然环境的关系。关系最大化，意味着更多的了解对方，而在相同的社区居住和工作能做到这一点，由此判断出作者选择在相同的社区居住和工作，是因为她很容易了解别人的想法。故选B项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“But I make a conscious decision to continue to be a small business”可知，但我有意识地决定继续做小生意。我的决定与前面是转折关系，所以前面应该是生意应该越做越大，即商业学校教会我们要么增长要么灭亡。因此，下划线的句子意思为：在商业领域我们倾向于用不停的增长衡量成功。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】做词句猜测题要善于在上下文中找关键信息。比如第六小题，要猜下划线句子的意思，首先要注意到这句后面的but表转折，由此知道前面与后面是相反的意思，因此根据“But I make a conscious decision to continue to be a small business”可知推测出正确答案是C项。‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读（共10题 每题1分 满分10分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。‎ For decades, sociologists have been trying to understand why certain people rise to the top of their fields. A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.‎ IQ is Overrated A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success. While people with high test scores do have more opportunities, that doesn't mean that smart people are more successful. In fact, in many fields the - 36 -‎ ‎ link between success and intelligence is often weak or non-existent. Nobel Prize winning Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.‎ The 10,000 Hours Theory A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours. While there's some debate over whether 10,000 hours is a rule or just a theory, many experts agree that a significant number of people who are considered "great" have, on average, 10,000 hours of experience.‎ Deliberate Practice If no one is born talented and you need 10,000 hours of practice, what's the most effective way of using those hours? One theory is something sociologists call "deliberate practice." Essentially, there are six elements. The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's coaching. It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial. It also has to be demanding, either physically or mentally. If you're doing all of this correctly, it shouldn't be a fun experience. An example would be a basketball player who isn't very good at free throws spending hours and hours just doing free throws while being coached. Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.‎ No One Succeeds on Their Own While it would be nice to succeed simply because we work hard, life doesn't work that way. We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue. In order to succeed, the gifts and interests of a person need to be encouraged, especially at a young age. Then as they grow up, people need to be given opportunities, breaks and second chances. Without help from other people, it makes it impossible to succeed because as Gladwell points out, "… no one—not rock stars, not professional - 36 -‎ ‎ athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone."‎ You Have Amazing Potential On average, the human mind can remember a sequence of seven to nine numbers. After that it becomes incredibly hard to remember all the numbers in the right order. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University wanted to know if someone of average intelligence could break that barrier with practice. Through a lot of tests, researchers discovered what they called "the remarkable potential of 'ordinary' adults and their amazing capacity for change with practice." Their research showed that even "ordinary" people have the potential to be great by challenging themselves. If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.‎ Passage outline Supporting details Introduction Sociologists have been wondering what makes some people successful for years and the following will give you some ___51___into it.‎ Some ___52___‎ IQ is Overrated ‎◆By itself, a high IQ doesn’t ___53___ mean that you will stand out and rise above others.‎ ‎◆People show ___54___ for more trustworthy business partners rather than those with only higher IQ.‎ The 10,000 Hours Theory ‎◆What ___55___amateurs from professionals is that amateurs only get about 4000 hours of practice while professionals get for at least 10,000 hours.‎ ‎◆Deliberate Practice needs to be ___56___at improving performance specifically - 36 -‎ Deliberate Practice ‎ and will be more effective with coaching.‎ ‎◆Deliberate Practice needs to be repeatable and feedback on a regular ___57___is crucial.‎ ‎◆Whatever ___58___you have for something, it’s no easy task to do deliberate Practice since it is demanding.‎ No One Succeeds on Their Own ‎◆___59___to the common belief, you can’t live without other people’s help.‎ You Have Amazing Potential ‎◆Through much practice and by challenging youselves, you can break the barrier and ___60___your goals.‎ ‎【答案】51. insights ‎ ‎52. theories ‎ ‎53. necessarily ‎ ‎54. preference/favor ‎ ‎55. separates ‎ ‎56. aimed 57. basis ‎ ‎58. affection ‎ ‎59. Contrary ‎ ‎60. attain/reach ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章就为什么一些人能自己所在的领域达到顶峰给出了五种可能。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第一段的内容A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new - 36 -‎ ‎ clues.可知，许多理论已经出现，所以如果你在成功的道路上挣扎，也许这些会给你一些新的思路，故这里可以用new clues或词义接近的词insights。故这里用insights。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第一段的内容A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.可知大量理论出现，所以如果你在成功的路上努力，也许这些会给你些新思路。故这里用名词theories。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 信息捕捉，词性转换题。根据第二段的A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success.可知高智商是必要的，但用它预测执行能力和公司的成功并不足够。所以，这里可以把句子转换为“高智商不一定意味着你出众或高人一等。”故这里填necessarily。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第二段的Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.可知Daniel Kahneman发现人们更愿意跟他们喜欢和信任的人做生意，即使喜欢的人提供的产品质量差一些或者服务的价格高一些。这里可以把句子换为“人们对更值得信赖的商业伙伴而不是高智商的人展现出偏爱喜爱”。故这里用preference/favor。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第三段的A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours.可知，Colorado大学的教授Anders Ericsson决定看看业余选手和专业选手的区别。1993年，他发表的一篇论文称他发现，平均起来，业余选手只有4000小时的训练，但是专业选手训练达到10,000小时。句中的he differences between amateurs and professionals可以用what separates amateurs from professionals。故这里用separates。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第四段的The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's - 36 -‎ ‎ coaching.可知，训练被认为尤其能提高表现，如果有教练的话会更有效。句中的be meant to可以用be aimed at。故这里用aimed。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第四段的It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial.可知它需要可重复性，定期的反馈是至关重要的。句中的regularly可以用on a regular basis。故这里用basis。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第四段的Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.可知，不管你有多喜欢篮球，Deliberate Practice都不是愉快的时光。句中的how big of a fan可以用whatever affection you have for。故这里用affection。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 信息捕捉题。根据第五段的We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue.可知，我们需要帮助和支持，他们来自朋友、家人和老师，我们也需要雇主和其他我们选择追求的这个领域内的关键人物给的机会。这里可以把句子换为“与人们普遍认为的相反，你不能在没有别人帮助的情况下生活。” 故这里用Contrary。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 信息捕捉，词性转换题。根据第六段的If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.可知，如果你努力工作，你的目标比你认为的更容易实现。可以把句子换为“通过多练和挑战自己，你可以突破障碍，实现目标。”故这里用attain/reach。‎ 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61.请阅读下面短文， 并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ You may not have noticed it , but every time you are very hungry, you tend to get angry much more easily and for no reason. You are getting “hungry”, which is “the phenomenon whereby some people get short-tempered when they’re longing for a feed”, CNN noted.‎ According to Health, the lower blood sugar stops the brain from working properly. As a result, we may feel ineffective and angry.‎ What we eat will provide the nutrients for our bloodstream. Then they are given to our organs and tissues and used for energy.‎ - 36 -‎ But if we are hungry, the nutrients will drop rapidly. And if they drop enough, our brain will think that it is in a life-threatening situation and cannot focus on its job. So you will find it’s hard to work or study efficiently and keep a peaceful mind.‎ Scientists advise to “carry healthy snacks with you---like fruit, and yogurt---so that when you are hungry, they will hold you over until the next meal.”‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1、用30个单词概括上述短文内容。‎ ‎2、用120个左右单词来发表你的观点，内容包括：‎ 谈谈你如何看待吃零食的现象，并用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1、写作过程中不可直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2、作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3、不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】People tend to get angry when hungry, which is due to lower blood sugar caused by lack of nutrients. A solution is put forward that healthy snacks should be carried.‎ From my point of view, eating snacks with nutritious choices that feed people’s - 36 -‎ ‎ bodies the nutrients is a must. On one hand, as we know, three meals a day is best. But after understanding the body better, we find a drop in blood sugar can be triggered by going for long stretches between meals. That drop not only causes overeating at meal time , but also transforms a person easily into a cranky monster. On the other hand, some snacks are high in fat or sugar. Obesity as well as various diseases can result from taking too much fat .Only by eating low-calorie snacks with rich nutrients can those who want to keep fit and take control of their weight benefit.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文属于读写任务。‎ ‎【详解】要求我们就所给出的一段材料写一篇作文。仍然属于议论文，可以使用一般现在时和第三人称。在此文中应当使用第一人称来写。议论文是比较容易的文体，提出一个主题，对这个主题展开讨论。对于这类文体宜采用三段式文章，第一段首先确定主题，而在这篇文章中主题已经给出，只需要对题目中所给出的段落进行概括总结；第二段可以结合文章的提示与要求说出你自己的想法，并对其进行说明；第三段通过题目所给的要求举一个例子即可，中间需要运用上表起承转合的连词、定语从句、倒装等语法现象使文章富有深度、句式多变。‎ 一、概括原文内容需要注意的是： ‎ ‎1. 要求：简洁明了、主题突出、控制字数。‎ ‎2. 方法：‎ ‎1) 确定主题句。 2). 寻找关键词。 3). 重构主题句。 4). 重组支撑句（用自己单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文）。‎ 二、写自己观点时的注意事项：‎ ‎1. 观点明确、层次清晰、有理有据。‎ ‎2. 方法：‎ ‎1）紧扣文章主题。2）注意使用高级的词汇与高级的句型。3）总分结构。‎ ‎【点睛】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，使用了较为高级的句式。第一段People tend to get angry when hungry, which is due to lower blood sugar caused by lack of nutrients. A solution is put forward that healthy snacks should be carried. 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句。第二段中Only by eating low-calorie snacks with rich nutrients can those who want to keep fit and take control of their weight benefit.使用了倒装句；From my point of - 36 -‎ ‎ view, eating snacks with nutritious choices that feed people’s bodies the nutrients is a must.使用了定语从句等。高级句式的运用彰显了作者对英语良好的驾驭能力。‎ - 36 -‎ - 36 -‎