【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解“主旨大意题”试题6篇例析（含有解析）学案（16页） 18页

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解“主旨大意题”试题6篇例析 ‎【一】‎ Last Friday, 6yearold Landon Johnson went to the RiverTown Crossings Mall in Grandville with his family. While there, the boy and his cousins took turns chatting with Santa, sharing their Christmas desires.‎ After telling the man in red he wanted a Wii, a toy dinosaur and a remote control car, Landon hopped off Santa’s lap to rejoin his family. But a few moments later, he raced back to Santa’s side: he’d forgotten to tell him something important. Specifically, Landon shared his worry with Santa that his autism (自闭症) would land him on the “naughty list”．‎ His mom, Naomi Johnson, explained to WOODTV this week that Landon is often told he’s “naughty” by people who mistake his autism for bad behavior. “You get the stares when you’re at the grocery store if he’s too loud，” Johnson said. “He’s been told by other people before, ’You don’t need to be so naughty，’ or ’Why are you naughty？’．”‎ Johnson says Santa took the time to listen to Landon’s worries, and held the boy’s hands all the while. “Santa sat him next to him and took Landon’s hands in his and started rubbing them, calming them down. Santa asked Landon if it bothered him, having Autism? Landon said yes, sometimes. Then Santa told him it shouldn’t. It shouldn’t bother him to be who he is，” Johnson said.‎ Landon told Santa that he sometimes “gets in trouble at school and it’s hard for people to understand that he has autism”， but that he’s “not a naughty boy”．‎ ‎“You know I love you and the reindeer love you and it’s OK. You’re a good boy，” Santa told WOOD TV about the chat with Landon. “You’re a good boy, you know.”‎ Johnson said she was incredibly moved by Santa’s thoughtful words. “This stranger in a red suit told my son the same message I’ve been trying to get through to him for a while now — that he’s special and I love him just the way he was made，” the mom told Today.com. “Seeing Landon’s face light up in that moment was just incredible. I couldn’t stop crying. He was the real Santa Claus.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Landon是个患有自闭症的孩子，于是经常被认为是“淘气的孩子”，他因此很苦恼。在一次和圣诞老人聊天时，圣诞老人告诉他不必烦恼，要做自己。Landon听后面露喜色。‎ ‎1．What did Landon do after he raced back to Santa?‎ A．He shared Christmas desires with Santa.‎ B．He checked if he was the real Santa Claus.‎ C．He told Santa how his autism had bothered him.‎ D．He asked for a toy dinosaur and a remote control car.‎ 解析：‎ 选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Landon飞奔到圣诞老人那里，和他分享了自己的烦恼，即他的自闭症。故选C。‎ ‎2. What did Santa tell Landon to do?‎ A．Avoid those who mistake him.‎ B．Remain what he is.‎ C．Try to change the way he behaves.‎ D．Tell others about his autism.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，圣诞老人告诉Landon不必烦恼，要做自己。故选B。‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Every child is quite possible to be bothered by autism.‎ B．Chatting with Santa was a special Christmas gift for Landon.‎ C．Santa Claus are always popular with children and their parents.‎ D．Naughty boys are hard to understand because of their bad behaviors.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段最后三句可知，圣诞老人的话使Landon的脸上露出了喜色。由此可推知，和圣诞老人聊天对Landon来说是一份特殊的圣诞礼物。故选B。‎ ‎4．What’s the best title for the text?‎ A．It’s OK to be you B．Autism is really a problem C．Find time to chat with Santa D．Don’t stay with naughty boys 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，患有自闭症的孩子Landon，在一次和圣诞老人聊天时，圣诞老人告诉他不必烦恼，要做自己。Landon听后面露喜色。A项“做自己很好”揭示了本文的主旨，适合做标题。故选A。‎ ‎【二】‎ Although we may not admit it, many of us like to stay in our comfort zones. This is especially true for celebrities. After they have gotten famous for doing something well, many of them prefer to stay where they are.‎ But Selena Gomez, 23, doesn’t believe in staying where she is. When many teenagers her age were busy at school, Gomez had already established herself as a sweet young actress in TV series produced by the Disney Channel. But that was just where her ambitions started. As The New York Times noted, “While some child stars would have stopped trying to improve their careers after a few movies and hit songs, Gomez has always kept her eggs in a few different baskets.”‎ Her latest album Revival, which came out on Oct. 9, is her first album outside of the Disneyowned Hollywood Records. She was also the executive producer for the album, taking on more creative control and writing six songs on her own. On Dec. 11, Gomez received the Chart Topper award for her successful album at ‎ Billboard’s Yearly Women in Music Event.‎ Indeed, the title of the album, Revival, shows that she is no longer part of Disney. In fact, Gomez left the company last year to step outside her comfort zone. “I wanted to be my own person. I wanted to test myself，” she told Elle magazine. As it turns out, she hasn’t just done well in singing and acting. Gomez is also one of three executive producers working to make bestselling young adult novel 13 Reasons Why into a TV series. Gomez also has a production company, a perfume brand and four films.‎ No, it’s not easy to succeed as a former child star. But right now, Gomez is making it look easy.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章讲述了女演员Selena Gomez不满足于现状，努力突破，追寻自我的故事。‎ ‎5．Which is TRUE according to the text?‎ A．Many celebrities like to stay in their comfort zones.‎ B．Gomez’s ambitions started when she was 23.‎ C．Revival is Selena Gomez’s first album.‎ D．Gomez works alone to make 13 Reasons Why into a TV series.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，很多名人喜欢待在自己的舒适区。故选A。‎ ‎6．What does The New York Times imply?‎ A．Gomez is much alike some other child stars.‎ B．It is not worthwhile for Gomez to have a few ambitions at the same time.‎ C．It is abnormal for child stars to stop trying after a few movies and hit songs.‎ D．Gomez is good at focusing her attention on different fields.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Gomez善于关注不同的领域。故选D。‎ ‎7．Gomez left the Disney last year in order to ________.‎ A．make herself more famous B．succeed as a child star C．make things look easy D．try different careers 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Gomez离开迪士尼公司之后又尝试了许多其他领域的工作，当制作人，也经营香水品牌。由此可推知，她离开迪士尼是为了发展与先前不同的事业。故选D。‎ ‎8．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．Celebrities preferring to stay in their comfort zones.‎ B．Tips on getting success for teenagers.‎ C．An ambitious girl challenging herself constantly to more success.‎ D．Comfort zone, the killer of success.‎ 解析：选C　文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是迪士尼童星Gomez不断挑战，突破自我并获得成功的故事。故选C。‎ ‎【三】‎ A walker seriously injured in a mountaintop lightning strike which killed two others is showing signs of improvement, the police have said. A major rescue operation was performed on Sunday following two strikes which hit the Brecon Beacons, South Wales. Two men died, while two others were taken to hospital.‎ A police spokeswoman said, “A man in a serious condition in hospital, following simultaneous (同时发生的) incidents in the Brecon Beacons, has now improved and he is recovering. Officers are continuing to get in touch with the next of relatives of the dead men and enquiries are ongoing. All men were believed to be from England.”‎ Mark Jones, of the Brecon Mountain Rescue Team, described the lightning strike as a freak accident, and something he had not been called out to in 30 years of service.‎ The walking group Ramblers Cymru said that while incidents involving thunder and lightning were rare, electrical storms should be taken seriously by walkers.‎ The organisation’s delivery officer, Elly Hannigan Popp, said, “We’d advise everyone to check the weather forecast before starting a walk. If you hear thunder, see lightning or if your hair stands on end, postpone activities ‎ even if the sky looks blue and clear. Lightning will strike as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. Lightning can strike the same place repeatedly — especially tall, pointed, isolated objects.”‎ ‎“If there is no shelter you should keep moving. And if you become the tallest object, crouch (蹲) in the open twice as far away from the nearest pointed object as it is tall. Make yourself as small as possible, stay on your toes and keep your heels together, as it will allow electricity to go up one foot, through the heels and back into the ground through the other.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇报道。在南威尔士的Brecon Beacons,闪电击中了四人，导致两人死亡，两人受伤。文中Elly Hannigan Prop提出了在雷电天气中的一些安全措施。‎ ‎9．What can we learn about the victims of the incident?‎ A．Both of the injured men are recovering slowly.‎ B．The bodies of the two men haven’t been found.‎ C．The four men involved may be from the same country.‎ D．The police cannot contact the two dead men’s relatives.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“All men were believed to be from England.”可知，这四个人很可能来自同一个国家。‎ ‎10．Why did the author quote the police spokeswoman in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Because the accident is very serious.‎ B．To announce where the victims come from.‎ C．Because the police are looking into the accident.‎ D．To tell the readers some facts of the incident.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。作者在第二段中提到警方发言人并引用她的话，为的是告诉读者与事件相关的一些事实。‎ ‎11．What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Unusual.　　　　　 　B．Regular.‎ C．Unimportant. D．Frightening.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“something he had not been called out to in 30 years of service”可知，在南威尔士的Brecon Beacons，闪电击中人的事件不常见。‎ ‎12．What do the last two paragraphs tell us?‎ A．Harm done by lightning.‎ B．Warnings from a delivery officer.‎ C．First aid in a lightning incident.‎ D．Safety tips on a lightning strike.‎ 解析：选D　段落大意题。通读最后两段的内容并根据其中的关键词“advise”可知，最后两段主要讲述的是在雷电天气中的一些安全措施。‎ ‎【四】‎ Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures (核心体温) in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)．‎ In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia (低体温), which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0℃. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6℃ higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4℃. Below 29.4℃， the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9 － 15.6℃. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7℃.‎ In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hypothermia. Life threatening hypothermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6 － 41.7℃‎ ‎. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统，可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。‎ ‎1．Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?‎ A．Because their bodies are unusually efficient.‎ B．Because they experience different climates.‎ C．Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.‎ D．Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在不同季节，人类能够保持稳定的核心体温，是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。故选D。‎ ‎2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?‎ A．The dangerous effects of hypothermia.‎ B．The change of body temperature.‎ C．The survival of the Swedish woman.‎ D．The regulating systems of natural temperature.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段内容及第二段第一句可知，关键句为该段主题句，概括了该段大意；由此可知，第二段主要讲述低体温会造成的危害。故选A。‎ ‎3．People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature ________.‎ A．higher than 34.4℃‎ B．lower than 29.4℃‎ C．between 40.6～41.7℃‎ D．between 34.4～37℃‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“Below 29.4℃ ...usually fails.”可推知，低于29.4℃时，人体不能保持核心体温，因此无法生存。故选B。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Surviving in an ice trap B．Getting to know hypothermia C．Adapting to climate extremes D．Changing core body temperature 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)”以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。故选C。‎ ‎【五】‎ ‎“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure，” says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. “ Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure.” The French might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drink — it’s a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years.‎ ‎“Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in the country，” he says, “and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Year’s Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it’s not every day.”‎ Some people think French food life may be a performance,_adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University. “They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants (羊角面包) are factorymade, and most people are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.”‎ In Italy, as in France, takeout is still relatively rare. “Eating fast is not at all part of our culture，” says Marco Bolasco, editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are relaxed, even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love, and ‎ nutrition, and pleasure, he says. An Italian child’s first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。‎ ‎5．How have things about French food changed?‎ A．People prefer to cook at home.‎ B．More people choose to eat out.‎ C．Traditional food is less frequently cooked.‎ D．People eat faster than before.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，法国传统美食受到冲击，人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食，并不是每一天，故选择C。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “performance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．A bother.　　　　　 　B．A play.‎ C．A hobby. D．A routine.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由后文中的“people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food”可知，此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较繁琐。故此处performance指“麻烦”。故选A。‎ ‎7．Why is Italian food compared with French food in the last paragraph?‎ A．To show the advantages of Italian food.‎ B．To prove the differences between them.‎ C．To reflect the customs of Italian food.‎ D．To indicate the common points of the two.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由本段中的“In Italy, as in France”，再结合第一段中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”和最后一段中的“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知，作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点，阐明主旨，故选D。‎ ‎8．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Food as identity. B．Food as pleasure.‎ C．Food as survival. D．Food as status.‎ 解析：选B　文章大意题。由文中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”，“Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure”以及“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知答案。‎ ‎【六】‎ Nearly a third of the world’s cacti (仙人掌) are facing the threat of extinction, according to a shocking global assessment of the effects.‎ Cacti are an important provider of food and water to desert wildlife ranging from wolves and deer to tortoises, bats and birds, and these fauna spread the plants’ seeds in return.‎ But the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s first worldwide health check of the plants says that they are coming under huge pressure from human activities such as land use changes, commercial and residential developments and shrimp farming. But the paper said the main driver of cacti species extinction was the “uncontrolled collection of live plants and private decorating collections, and annual agriculture”．‎ The findings were described as “disturbing” by Inger Andersen, the IUCN’s directorgeneral. “They confirm that the scale of the illegal wildlife trade, including the trade in plants is much greater than we had previously thought, and that illegal wildlife trade concerns many more species than the elephants which tend to receive global attention.”‎ Cacti are almost always delicious but unlike most others, they store water in their stems alone, enabling them to survive extreme droughts. The plants can be as small as one centimetre in diameter and grow above 19 metres in height. Well over half of the species are used by humans for display decoration, food or medicine. Almost 1,500 types of cacti were surveyed by the IUCN specialists over a fiveyear period, mostly in the Americans.‎ Dealing with the illegal trade is a hard task as they can be hidden in suitcases or even socks. While countries such as Peru have made progress in blocking the illegal trade, the IUCN is calling for more strictly carrying out the Convention on International T rade in Endangered Species (CITES) in the “hotspots” of Uruguay, Brazil and Chile, and Mexico has made advances but still has work to do, according to Goettsch.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。仙人掌是沙漠中许多动物的食物来源。然而非法的动植物贸易使仙人掌面临着灭绝。由于仙人掌便于藏匿运输，阻止仙人掌非法贸易成为难题。‎ ‎9．The underlined word “fauna” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．birds B．cacti C．humans D．animals 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“to desert wildlife ranging from wolves and deer to tortoises, bats and birds”可以判断，fauna指代wolves, deer, tortoises, bats, birds等动物，故画线词意为“动物”，故D项正确。‎ ‎10．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?‎ A．What causes cacti species extinction.‎ B．What gives people pressure.‎ C．What the IUCN has found.‎ D．What farmers have planted.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第三段第一句中的“they are coming under huge pressure from human activities”以及第二句中的“the main driver of cacti species extinction was the ...”‎ 可知，该段主要讲述了仙人掌面临灭绝的原因，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．In Inger Andersen’s opinion, ________.‎ A．the findings of the IUCN are not disturbing B．the illegal plant trade is less serious than we had thought C．cacti have received much global attention D．the illegal plant trade threatens lots of wildlife 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中Inger Andersen所说的话“that illegal wildlife trade concerns many more species than the elephants which tend to receive global attention”可知，Inger Andersen认为，非法的动植物贸易威胁着许多野生生物，故D项正确。‎ ‎12．Why is it hard to fight against the illegal cacti trade?‎ A．Because cacti can be made into socks.‎ B．Because cacti are easy to carry secretly.‎ C．Because many countries carry out CITES strictly.‎ D．Because some countries made advances to trade cacti.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，由于仙人掌可以藏在手提箱甚至袜子中秘密运输，所以解决非法贸易的问题很难，故B项正确。‎