高考英语二轮复习题型组合练二 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 题型组合练(二) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2017·红桥区二模) Passport Control If you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are not transferring to another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland，you must pass through the Passport Control and the Customs immediately after leaving your plane.If you are not from Britain or a citizen of the European Community(欧共体)，you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined.This form is called a landing card and should be given to you during the flight to London. After landing，follow the ARRIVALS signs.Make sure you are in the right channel when you reach the Passport Control.There is one channel for holders of European Community Passports，and a second channel marked “Other Passports”． Baggage Reclaim Area(取行李处) After passing through the Passport Control，follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area.If you have luggage which is carried in the aircraft hold，it will be delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area.Look for the sign with your flight number.If you have only hand luggage，go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to the Customs. Customs All passengers must pass the Customs after the Passport Control.There is a choice 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 of two channels：Green and Red.If you have nothing to declare，go through the Green Channel.If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowances(免税限额) or if you have something to declare ， go through the Red Channel.Information about Duty Free allowances can be found on special noticeboards in the Baggage Reclaim Area.You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not.Please note that if you go through the Green Channel，you may be stopped and asked to open your luggage for inspection. 语篇解读 本文为应用文。文章介绍了在伦敦希思罗机场通关的具体事宜。 1．All passengers arriving at Heathrow from outside Britain . A．must go through either the Passport Control or the Customs B．must go through the Customs，but not the Passport Control C．must go through the Passport Control and the Customs D．don’t have to be examined 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。由 Passport Control 中的第一句话及 Customs 中的第一句话可知选 C。 2．The underlined word “transferring” means “ ”． A．exchanging B．switching C．replacing D．turning 答案 B 解析 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，该词意为“换乘，转乘”，此处指换乘飞机。故答案 为 B。 3．At Heathrow when reaching the Passport Control， . A．all passengers go through the same channel B．passengers of the European Community and those from other countries go through different channels C．British people and passengers from other countries go through different channels D．all European passengers go through the same channel 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由 Passport Control 中第二段最后一句可知，持有欧共体护照的乘客 和来自其他国家的乘客所走的通道不同。 4．If you have only hand luggage， . A．you may go through the Baggage Reclaim Area to the Customs B．you should go through the Baggage Reclaim Areas 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 C．it isn’t necessary for you to go through the Baggage Reclaim Area D．it isn’t necessary for you to do anything 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由 Baggage Reclaim Area 中最后一句可知，如果你只有手提行李，那 么就可以经行李认领处直接去海关。 5．If you have dutyfree goods， . A．you don’t have to go through the Green Channel B．you may go through the Green Channel C．you must go through the Red Channel D．you should go through both the Green Channel and the Red Channel 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据 Customs 中的相关叙述可知，如果你没有什么要申报的东西且买的 免税商品未超免税限额，你就可以从绿色通道通过。 B (2017·天津一中 4 月考) “There are many ways of being smart that aren’t smart like us.” These are the words of Patrick Winston ， a leading voice in the field of artificial intelligence.Although his idea is simple，its significance has been lost on most people thinking about the future of work.Yet this is the feature of AI that ought to preoccupy us the most. From the 1950s to the 1980s，it was generally thought that the best way to build systems capable of performing tasks to the level of human experts or higher was to copy the way that experts worked.But there was a problem：human experts often struggled to explain how they performed many tasks.Chessplaying was a good example.When asked to explain how they played chess well，some grandmasters appealed to “intuition(直 觉)”，others to “experience”．Many said they did not really know at all.How could researchers build a chessplaying system to beat a grandmaster if the best players themselves could not explain how they were so good? A turning point came in 1997.Deep Blue，IBM’s supercomputer，beat Garry Kasparov， the then world chess champion，in a sixgame match.What was the most remarkable was how the system did it.Deep Blue did not share Mr Kasparov’s “intuition” or “experience”．It won by means of absolute processing power and massive data storage ability. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 Consider the legal world.Daniel Martin Katz，a law professor，has designed a system to predict the voting behaviour of the US Supreme Court.It can perform as well as most specialists，but it does not mirror the judgement of a human being.Instead it draws on data that capture six decades of Court behaviour. We see similar developments in other parts of life.Surely，all these point to a future that is very different from the one most experts are predicting.It is often said that there are many tasks that will always require human beings to perform because machines cannot “think”，“reason” or “feel” like human beings.But this is to fail to grasp that tomorrow’s systems will handle many tasks not by copying us but by working in entirely different，unhuman ways.The set of tasks reserved particularly for human beings is likely to be much smaller than many expect. 语篇解读 曾经，科学家一度认为人工智能需要复制人类的工作方式，现在人们了解到 系统处理任务不能通过复制人类的工作方式，而是通过完全不同的、非人的工作方式。 6．The example of chessplaying mainly shows that . A．it’s important for a chessplaying system to beat a grandmaster B．human experts have various responses for their good performance C．it’s difficult to build systems by copying the way human experts work D．the way human experts work can be of great benefit to building systems 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “human experts often struggled to explain how they performed many tasks...How could researchers build a chessplaying system to beat a grandmaster if the best players themselves could not explain how they were so good？”可知即使是最好的棋手他们自己也不能解释他们是如何这么优秀，研究者又如何能 建立一个国际象棋博弈系统来打败大师呢？故选 C。 7．According to the passage，what’s the reason for Deep Blue’s success over Garry? A．It shared Garry’s intuition and experience. B．It’s designed to think like a human expert. C．Garry was not able enough to beat supercomputer. D．It was equipped with a powerful data processing system. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It won by means of absolute processing power and massive data storage ability.”可知，它通过绝对的处理能力和海量的数据存储能力 来战胜 Garry，故选 D。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 8．What’s the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 4? A．To present more details. B．To offer another example. C．To give further explanation. D．To share deeper understanding. 答案 B 解析 写作意图题。作者写了法律教授 Daniel Martin Katz 设计了一个系统来预测美国最 高法院的投票行为，可见本段是作者给出的另一个例子，故选 B。 9．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①②③—④⑤ B．①②—③④—⑤ C．①—②③④—⑤ D．①—②③—④⑤ 答案 C 解析 篇章结构题。本文第一段提出观点“There are many ways of being smart that aren’t smart like us.”；二、三、四段通过举例说明有很多的聪明的方法；最后一段“We see similar developments in other parts of life.”延伸到生活的其他领域，故选 C。 10．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Systems are expected to be more humanlike. B．More tasks are likely to be handled by systems. C．Human beings are certain to be replaced by systems. D．Tasks tomorrow are supposed to be more demanding. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可以推断将来有更多的任务是由系统处理的，故 选 B。 C (2016·河东区二模) We all know that eating junk food can make us fat.However，a new study suggests that it can do more than that—it can also make us lazy，reported CBS News. In the study，researchers at the University of California，Los Angeles，US divided 32 female rats into two groups.The first group was fed a diet of healthy food such as corn and fish，while the second was given a diet of highly processed (加工的) food rich in sugar，namely “junk food”． Within three months，the rats in the second group were already much fatter than 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 those on the healthy diet.And when researchers trained the rats to do simple tasks， they found even more differences between the two groups rather than weight. During the task—pushing a lever (杠杆) to receive a reward of sugar water—the rats on the junk food diet were found to be less willing to move，and they took longer breaks between each push than the lean rats did. “It is as if the rat is thinking ‘This is too much work’，” Aaron Blaisdell， leader of the study，told the Los Angeles Times. But what about the possibility that the fat rats were less passionate about getting sugar water because they were already eating lots of sugar in their daily diet？That’s why researchers repeated the tests by rewarding fat rats with plain water when they were extremely thirsty.However，the results came out just the same. According to researchers，these differences suggest that junk food changed the chemistry in the rats’ brains. The experiment didn’t end there.After six months ， the rats’ diets were switched，and the overweight rats were given a healthy diet for nine days.However， this change didn’t help reduce their weight or improve their ability to perform tasks，which means the effects of their junk food diet persisted (持续存在)．“There’s no quick fix，” said Blaisdell. For a long time，we’ve believed that people become fat because they are lazy.But this study has proven the opposite to be true as well，which indicates that laziness and obesity are a “vicious cycle (恶性循环)”． So，if you constantly feel tired，lacking any urge to get up from your chair， it could be that you’ve been studying too hard.But you should also pay attention to your diet. 语篇解读 我们都知道吃垃圾食品会让我们变胖。然而，最新研究发现常吃垃圾食品 还会让人变懒。 11．During the first three months of the experiment by researchers at the University of California， . A．rats from the healthy diet group ate nothing but corn and fish B．rats on the junk food diet ate more than those on healthy diet C．rats on the healthy food diet performed better at simple tasks than those on the junk food diet D．rats on the junk food diet seemed uninterested in sugary food 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。由第四段可知，吃垃圾食品的老鼠不愿移动，而且它们需要更多时间休 息。总之，它们不如吃健康食品的老鼠表现得好。 12 ． The researchers rewarded thirsty rats with plain water in the lever test to . A．help them control their weight B．test whether fat rats lost interest in the test because they had taken enough sugar C．change the diet habits of fat rats D．find out the influence of sugar on rats’ brains 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由第六段可知，为了验证老鼠是否是因为已经摄入了很多糖才对实验失 去兴趣，研究者给它们喂食清水。 13．The underlined word “there” refers to “ ”． A．after the rats on the junk food diet had worked hard to get sugar water B．after the type of food rats prefer had been identified C．after a quick cure for obesity had been found D．after the fact that fatter rats are lazier than lean rats had been found 答案 D 解析 代词指代题。画线词指代的是上文实验的结论：垃圾食品改变了老鼠大脑的化学成分， 使它们变懒了。 14．We can conclude from the article that . A．fat people are usually lazier than lean people B．people should switch between different types of diets to keep healthy C．being overweight and being lazy can feed into each other D．laziness is the main cause of weight problems 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。由倒数第二段第二句话可知，懒惰和肥胖是恶性循环。 15．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage? A．Eating junk food can make us fat. B．Researchers got different results after repeating the tests to fat rats. C．For a long time，we’ve believed that people become fat because they are lazy. D．If you constantly feel tired or study too hard，you need to pay attention to your diet. 答案 B 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 解析 细节理解题。由第六段最后一句话可知，实验结果一样而非不同，故 B 项错误。 Ⅱ.阅读表达 (2017·天津春) Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit.He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down.He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he was an excellent baseball player.I was a good listener.After a couple of hours of talking，I would shake his hand and say goodbye to him.I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walter’s life. I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.It was the first of many such activities， ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital.These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others. My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness，and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life.Volunteer work provided a way of attempting to realize the truth of these messages. I learned that volunteerism is not a oneway act of helping someone less fortunate.Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well.Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity.Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life.Perhaps I received far more than I ever gave. This is why volunteerism works—each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others. 16．What did the author do every time he visited Walter？(no more than 10 words) He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years. Or：He acted as Walter’s listener. 17．What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer？(no more than 10 words) Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home. Or：He visited elderly/old people in a nursing home. Or：A volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. 18．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3 in English？(1 word) Taught./Instructed./Educated. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 19．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4？(no more than 10 words) The author learned that volunteerism is not a oneway act. Or：The author learned that volunteerism is a twoway act. Or：The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work. 20．If you are to be a volunteer，what will you do？What can you benefit from the volunteer work？(no more than 20 words) I will look after elderly people in a nursing home.I can learn a lot from their past experience. Or：I will help disabled children.It can satisfy my desire to be useful. Or：I will sit with cancer patients.I can learn to deal with the challenges of life. Or：I will be a volunteer to protect the environment.We can live in a better and cleaner world. Or：I will be a volunteer in an important event.It can broaden my horizons. Ⅲ.书面表达 (2017·天津十二所重点中学联考) 假如你是育才中学的李津，即将高中毕业。你打算报考香港大学，学习环境科学 (Environmental Science)，但有一些事情不太清楚，因此要给该校写一封电子邮件，咨询以 下相关事宜： (1)如何才能被该校的相关专业录取？ (2)是否需要参加专门的英语考试？ (3)该校的奖学金、学费、食宿安排和生活费用等情况。 注意： (1)词数不少于 100； (2)邮件必须包括以上内容，可适当增加细节； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir or Madam， I’m Li Jin，a senior student from Yucai High School and soon I will graduate. Best wishes! Yours， Li Jin 参考范文 Dear Sir or Madam， I’m Li Jin，a senior student from Yucai High School and soon I will graduate.I 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 plan to apply to your university.So I’m writing to consult you about getting admitted into Hong Kong University. I am very interested in Environmental Science ， a famous major in your university.Because of the popularity of environmental protection，I plan to choose it as my major hoping to make contributions in this field.I wonder how I can be a student in your university and whether I need to take some special English tests.How can I apply for the scholarship and how much will I have to pay for my education？ What about the accommodations and living expenses? Your timely reply would be much appreciated. Best wishes! Yours， Li Jin