【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解题的说明文备考策略学案 5页

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解题的说明文备考策略与练习 Ⅰ.策略指导 说明文通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能，是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次。说明文的考查多为科普知识、动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点、叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。‎ Ⅱ.模拟训练 A ‎(2016·北京东城区模拟)Ask anyone what is the most difficult part of changing their lifestyle habits and they are most likely to say, “Staying motivated.” But a 36yearold professor from Carnegie Mellon University claims it may have the answer in the form of robot weight loss coach that dishes out daily health advice and encouragement.‎ Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata, a company based in Sha Tin which claims to be a pioneer in commercial sociallyinteractive robots.‎ The robot, which stands around 38 centimeters tall, has a head that swivels (旋转), blue eyes, and a touch screen which allows the user to input information daily about exercise and diet. Its creators say Autom will have a daily conversation with its user lasting up to five minutes, giving feedback and encouragement.Over time, it will interact more with the user as it gathers more information about them.‎ Cory Kidd, a research team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, claims research has shown that people find robots a more reliable source of information than onscreenbased characters.‎ In a controlled study in Pittsburgh City Council, 15 dieters were given Autom for six weeks. Another 15 received a touchscreen computer with identical software and 15 were given a paper log.The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log.‎ ‎“While not one person among the computer or paper groups continued past six weeks, most who had Autom did not want to give her back at the conclusion of the study，” he said.‎ The bottom line is that a robot creates a more powerful and longlasting relationship with the user than a character on the screen.‎ Autom is expected to go on sale later this year in the United States for around $500.A robot which speaks and understands Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to English according to the demands is also being developed.‎ 语篇解读：人们想改变自己的生活方式时，所面临的最大问题就是保持持久的动力。现在一种新发明的机器人可以帮助你。‎ ‎1．What's the passage mainly about?‎ A．The development of Autom.‎ B．The automated way to motivation.‎ C．The working principle of robots.‎ D．The way to change the lifestyle habits.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。第一段点明了文章的主旨，下文均围绕“‎ 自动提供动力的方法”展开论述，所以答案为B项。‎ ‎2．Which institution is responsible for the development of Autom?‎ A．Intuitive Automata.‎ B．Pittsburgh City Council.‎ C．Carnegie Mellon University.‎ D．The Federal Emergency Management Agency.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata”可知答案为A项。‎ ‎3．What can we know about the controlled study?‎ A．The study was led by Cory Kidd.‎ B．The subjects were divided by two.‎ C．Every person with Autom continued past six weeks.‎ D．People using Autom gain more benefits than other people.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log.”可知答案为D项，其余选项均与原文不符。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．The robot can help people change their lifestyle habits.‎ B．The robot can't speak English except Cantonese and Mandarin.‎ C．The robot that can speak many languages has been popular with the users.‎ D．The robot that can speak many languages meets the demand of the customers.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章首段和下文对此机器人的介绍可知，这种机器人可以帮助人们改变他们的生活习惯。‎ B More and more people are aware that an afternoon nap can do a body good. But there are still doubters out there. To help spread the power of the afternoon nap, we list some common myths about napping we still hear.‎ Myth #1: Napping is only for the lazy.‎ Fact: Around a third of American adults nap on the average day, and for good reason: A short nap can boost everything from alertness and memory to creativity and productivity. And none of these sounds like laziness to us!‎ Myth #2: If I take a nap, I'll only wake up feeling worse.‎ Fact: That groggy feeling after you wake up from a nap is real (it even has a name: sleep inertia), but it's not a guarantee. How you feel after your nap is a factor of how long you sleep. Experts generally agree that a nap should last no longer than 30 minutes. “If you take it longer than 30 minutes, you end up in deep sleep. You're going into a stage of sleep that's very difficult to get out of，” said sleep expert Michael J. Breus, Ph. D.‎ Myth #3: You definitely shouldn't nap at work.‎ Fact: In fact, in the office environment, we're all for catching a few winks (眨眼) during the workday. Some companies have even created special rooms for afternoon naps as more and more employers come around to the idea that a wellrested workforce is a more productive workforce. If your employer doesn't offer a place to lay your head, try to find an empty conference room where you can close the door and dim the lights. Really desperate? Take a nap on your lunch break on a park bench or in your car.‎ Myth #4: I'll be more productive if I just finish this task, rather than waste time sleeping.‎ Fact: Yes, you'll be away from your desk if you take 10 to 30 minutes to sleep. But you'll likely make up for that “wasted” time afterward. “My research shows that people deteriorate after a long time of work during the day，” Sara Mednick told Bloomberg Businessweek. “It's difficult to sustain productivity all day.” However, a nap can leave you feeling refreshed and more ready to tackle the task at hand.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，分析了人们在午睡认识上的一些误区。‎ ‎5．According to the passage, a short nap has the following benefits EXCEPT ________．‎ A．making people think more quickly B．improving people's memory C．allowing old people to live longer D．raising people's work efficiency 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Myth # 1：Napping is only for the lazy.中的“A short nap can boost everything from alertness and memory to creativity and productivity.”可知，小睡能提高人们的警觉性、记忆力、创造性以及工作效率。故A、B和D三项的内容是正确的。而C项在文中没有提及。故选C。‎ ‎6．How you feel after your nap is related to ________．‎ A．the sleep way B．the sleep place C．the sleep environment D．the sleep duration 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Myth # 2: If I take a nap, I'll only wake up feeling worse.中的“How you feel after your nap is a factor of how long you sleep.”可知小睡后人的感觉如何与睡了多长时间有关。‎ ‎7．What can an employee do to avoid napping at work according to the passage?‎ A．Find an empty conference room and sleep as long as he likes.‎ B．Have a nutritious lunch and have a good chat over lunch.‎ C．Put more work pressure on himself to keep himself awake.‎ D．Make good use of his lunch break to sleep for a while.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Myth # 3：You definitely shouldn't nap at work.中的“Take a nap on your lunch break on a park bench or in your car.”可知选D。‎ ‎8．Sara Mednick indicates that ________．‎ A．taking a short nap at work is a waste of time B．people become less productive without a nap C．people become less productive after a nap D．napping is only for the lazy and young children 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据Myth # 4：I'll be more productive if I just finish this task, rather than waste time sleeping.中的“It's difficult to sustain productivity all day”可知，整天工作是很难保持工作效率的。言外之意是：工作期间不小睡一会儿的话工作效率会降低。‎ C ‎ Guide Dogs of America, A History is the book that we have all been waiting for. It's a book that tells how and where the Guide Dog Movement really started, with information never before revealed — until now. After reading this 200page, picturefilled work, you will know about every aspect of Guide Dogs of America (GDA) from its beginning to how it has become one of the top guide dog schools in the country. ‎ Joseph W. Jones, Sr. was refused a guide dog because of his age — he was fiftyseven — but he would not accept defeat. He researched the Guide Dog Movement and with the help of the International Association of Machinists (IAM) and Aerospace Workers, established his own school, one that would provide guide dogs free of charge to visually impaired people regardless of their age.‎ The school graduated 18 guide dog teams the first year with students staying at, GDA's first trainer, Lambert Kreimer's house on South Virginia Avenue in Burbank, and Jones manning the office on Lankershim Boulevard in North Hollywood.‎ In 1952, Jones addressed the quadrennial (四周年纪念的) IAM Grand Lodge Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. “I sincerely prayed to God for two things，” Jones said. “After my wife passed away and left me with a tenyearold boy, I_prayed_that_I_would_be_spared_long_enough_to_see_this_organization_well_established and that my tenyearold boy would become a man. Both prayers have been answered. The organization is well established, it is in the hands of the IAM and my boy is a man, and I am proud to say that today he is a member of the IAM.”‎ Jones' prayer for a successful organization had been answered and now, ten years after he was rejected for being too old, his dream of having a guide dog partner would be realized. By the time he took a guide dog for himself, hundreds of others had already been given the gift of sight because of his drive and determination. That school, now known as GDA, has provided guide dogs to thousands of people free of charge.‎ 语篇解读：在美国，有位名叫Joseph W. Jones, Sr. 的老人，由于年龄过大，他没有实现得到一个导盲犬的愿望，但他不甘心，自己创办了一所专门培训导盲犬的学校，免费提供导盲犬给需要帮助的人。‎ ‎9．What can we know about Guide Dogs of America, A History?‎ A．It only tells us where the Guide Dog Movement started.‎ B．There are no pictures in the book.‎ C．It mainly deals with Guide Dogs of America.‎ D．It was written by Lambert Kreimer.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After reading this 200page, picturefilled work, you will know about every aspect of Guide Dogs of America (GDA) from its beginning to how it has become one of the top guide dog schools in the country.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎10．Why did Joseph W．Jones, Sr.fail to get a guide dog?‎ A．He couldn't afford to buy one.‎ B．He was too old to get one.‎ C．There were not enough guide dogs.‎ D．He didn't know how to make use of a guide dog.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Joseph W. Jones, Sr. was refused a guide dog because of his age — he was fiftyseven”和最后一段中的“he was rejected for being too old ”可知B项正确。他被拒绝的原因是年龄过大。‎ ‎11．According to the passage, Guide Dogs of America ________．‎ A．trained 18 guide dog teams in 1952‎ B．received much help from the Guide Dog Movement C．has provided guide dogs to thousands of affordable people D．has Lambert Kreimer as its first trainer 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The school graduated 18 guide dog teams the first year with students staying at, GDA's first trainer, Lambert Kreimer's house on South Virginia Avenue in Burbank”可知D项与文章叙述相符。‎ ‎12．The underlined sentence in the passage means “________”．‎ A．I prayed I could live long enough to set up a school to train guide dogs B．I prayed I could have enough money to establish an organization C．I prayed I could have a guide dog to help me realize my dream D．I prayed I could have good health in the rest of my life 解析：选A　句意理解题。结合全文可知，他年龄很大，但又希望实现自己建立一个导盲犬学校的愿望，画线句可以理解为“希望自己多活几年，实现自己的梦想”。‎