【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习考点讲解学案之：话题二十二　历史与地理 7页

话题二十二　历史与地理 A ‎[2019·江西三名校高三联考]‎ The cost of living in countries like the U．S., Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed(飞涨) in recent years. However, if you’re willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.‎ Ecuador Ecuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has become a popular American getaway. They even use the U．S. dollar for their currency. In this country, it's cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the U．S. You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while you're away.‎ Mexico Although the country is known for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.‎ Argentina Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, it's not very expensive to live there. A decent sized home can cost around $139,000, which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.‎ Vietnam Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years. There are many million dollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25,000 to $50,000 if you search in the right areas. ‎ 体裁：应用文　题材：社会生活　主题：几个宜居国家 ‎【文章大意】　本文介绍了几个生活成本低的宜居国家。‎ ‎【熟词生义】　tend常用义：v.倾向，趋向 例句：He's a good salesman, but his offhand manner does tend to put people off.他是个很好的推销员，可是他那随便的态度容易使人反感。‎ 本句义：v.照顾 例句：Mother being ill, he had to tend her at home.母亲病了，他得在家照顾她。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Check out the following countries when planning your next move.‎ 分析：本句是一个祈使句，即动词原形放句首，表示建议；本句还是一个省略句，即当主从句的主语相同时，从句的主语和系动词可以被省略。‎ 译文：计划下次行动时了解一下以下几个国家(的情况)。‎ ‎1．How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year?‎ A．About $7,000. B．About $8,000.‎ C．About $8,400. D．About $9,800.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing”，并结合题干可知，在墨西哥生活一年至少花费：$700]‎ ‎2．What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common?‎ A．They both have great restaurants.‎ B．The cost of living in them is both expensive.‎ C．The middlesized homes both cost around $139,000.‎ D．People are all fond of travelling to the two countries.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years”和第五段第一句“Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years”可知，这两个国家都受到旅游者的热捧，故选D。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　A项与第四段第二句“It has great restaurants，a rich history，and many places to explore”相吻合，是阿根廷的特色，而非越南的；B项与本文的主题相悖，本文主要谈论了几个生活成本低的宜居国家；根据第四段最后一句“A decent sized home can cost around $139,000，which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United Slates”‎ 和第五段最后一句中的“but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25,000 to $50,000”可知，C项错误，故排除。‎ ‎3．In which country did the purchaser probably pay extra money after he left?‎ A．Ecuador. B．Mexico.‎ C．Argentina. D．Vietnam.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第二段最后一句“You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while you're away”可推知，雇人看房子是要付费的，与题干吻合，故选A。‎ B ‎[2019·福州八县市一中联考]‎ If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.‎ Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least signs of anxiety.‎ The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration cards to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.‎ The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. Then they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.‎ With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty_advantages”. But the strange thing is that all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fares after they have attended to their business and that not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith ‎ in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”．‎ 体裁：夹叙夹议　题材：风土人情　主题：芬兰人的诚实 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要通过一些例子，介绍了芬兰人的诚实，并且诚实让他们成为真正的“绅士”。‎ ‎【难句分析】　You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中that you have some business to attend to为that引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语。‎ 译文：你可以乘一辆出租车去任何地方，告诉司机让你在任何地方下车，告诉(司机)你有一些事情要处理，然后不付车费就可以离开。‎ ‎4．The underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean “________”．‎ A．to be ready to help others B．to make good use of one's friends C．to be a little ahead of others D．to gain something at others' expense 答案与解析：D　考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take ‘petty_advantages’”可知，在日常生活中芬兰出现了很多的“漏洞”。结合上文内容可知，在芬兰，如果你告诉出租车司机你有一些事要处理，你不付车费就可以离开；在宾馆用旧的登记卡就可以享受免费大餐；工人只要告诉老板自己工作的时长就可以得到相应的工资，这些就是“漏洞”。由此可知，芬兰确定是那些爱贪小便宜的人的天堂，画线词意为“小便宜”，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare.‎ B．In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you're living in the hotel.‎ C．The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to the registration of their working hours.‎ D．The workers are always honest with their working hours.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第三句“Then they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”可知，老板是根据工人自己所说的工作时长给工人支付工资的，而不是根据登记的时长，所以C项与文意不符，故选C项。‎ ‎6．We can infer from the passage that ________.‎ A．the Finnish society is of very high moral (道德的) level B．there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland C．in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything D．everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves 答案与解析：A　考查理解判断。根据最后一段最后一句，并结合全文内容可知，在芬兰，乘出租车的乘客可以先下车离开，等处理完事情后再付车费；没有在宾馆登记入住的人并不会去宾馆享受免费大餐；工人可以按照自己报的工作时长向老板索要工资。因为芬兰人总是诚实地做每一件事，生活在这样一个社会，每个人都变成了一个真正的“绅士”。据此可以判断，芬兰社会有着很高的道德水平，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A．Life in Finland B．A Society With “Foolish” People C．What a Life D．Honest Accounts of the Finns 答案与解析：B　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章由人们认为芬兰人很“愚蠢”引出本文话题，接着举例介绍了芬兰人“愚蠢”的情况，最后点明主旨，即芬兰是一个道德水平很高的国家，人们的诚实让他们都成为绅士。据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。‎ C ‎[2019·安徽省重点中学盟校联考]‎ Tiny tubes and filaments(丝状物) in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils(化石), giving new support for some ideas about how life began, a new study says.‎ The features(地理特征) are mineralized remains of what appear to be bacteria that lived some 3.77 billion to 4.28 billion years ago, the scientists said. That would be older than some other rock features ‎ found in Greenland, which were considered to be fossils last August.‎ The new results come from examining rock found along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in northern Quebec. The filaments and tubes, made up of iron oxide called hematite, appeared within a rock type called jasper.‎ Matthew Dodd of University College London, an author of the study published Wednesday by Nature, said the living things lived in the seafloor where water was heated by a volcano. Since the fossils are nearly as old as Earth, which formed some 4.5 billion years ago, the finding supports previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment, he said.‎ He and colleagues presented several lines of evidence to support the idea that the filaments and tubes are signatures of past life. But two experts who've previously reported similar findings said they're not convinced.‎ ‎“I would say they are not fossils，” Martin J. Van Kranendonk of the University of New South Wales in Australia, who reported the Greenland findings last year, wrote in an email. The paper's evidence for a biological origin falls short, he said.‎ Abigail Allwood, a NASA geologist, said the authors have produced “one of the most detailed cases yet made” for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years. But “it's an extraordinary claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，” she said.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：地理　主题：加拿大发现的岩石 ‎【文章大意】　本文属于说明文，主要介绍了Matthew Dodd和他的团队在加拿大发现的岩石特征，他们认为这是地球早期的生命迹象，是最早的已知化石。但有科学家提出了反对意见，认为他们的证据不充分。‎ ‎8．According to Matthew and his colleagues, the tubes and filaments________.‎ A．stand for a rock type B．are as old as Earth C．represent the human origin D．are earlylife forms 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“some ideas about how life began”，第四段中的“the finding supports previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment”‎ 以及第五段中的“the filaments and tubes are signatures of past life”可知，他们认为the tubes and filaments就是早期的生命形式。‎ ‎9．What do Matthew, Martin and Abigail have in common?‎ A．They are working in the universities.‎ B．They accept the Greenland findings.‎ C．They have been studying rock features.‎ D．They have discovered the oldest known fossils.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Matthew... an author of the study”，第六段中的“Martin... who reported the Greenland findings last year”和第七段内容可知，他们三人都在进行岩石地理特征的研究。‎ ‎10．How does Martin feel about the new study?‎ A．It confirmed the biological origin.‎ B．It needs more to convince people.‎ C．It ignored the Greenland findings.‎ D．It shouldn't have copied his evidence.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据第六段内容可知，Martin对Matthew他们的发现表达了自己的观点，认为the tubes and filaments不是化石，说他们证据不足，由此可推知，他认为该研究应提供更多的具有说服力的证据。‎ ‎11．What's Abigail Allwood's attitude towards Matthew's finding?‎ A．Objective. B．Indifferent.‎ C．Vague. D．Disapproving.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查观点态度。根据最后一段的内容可知，Abigail Allwood既肯定该研究发现的优点，又提出研究人员需要提供更有力的证据来证明该研究发现的正确性与可靠性。由此可知，她对该研究发现持客观的态度，故选A。‎