【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语篇部分专题一第3讲主旨大意类 18页

第3讲　主旨大意类 题型概述 题型破解 ‎　‎ ‎1 寻找主题句确定文章大意 解题指导　文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)‎ Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.‎ A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.‎ ‎“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.‎ Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”‎ That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.‎ ‎31．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．The trend of having meals alone.‎ B．The importance of self－reflection.‎ C．The stress from working overtime.‎ D．The advantage of wireless technology.‎ 解析　A　第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。‎ ‎2 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意 解题指导　1.根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。2.通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇)‎ During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.‎ Popularity is a well－explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays－well－with－others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump－start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.‎ ‎ ... ‎ ‎33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The classification of the popular.‎ B．The characteristics of adolescents.‎ C．The importance of interpersonal skills.‎ D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.‎ 解析　A　根据第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授将受欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“The likables' ... ”和“Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence ...”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段第二句中的关键词sort ... into ... (把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。‎ ‎3 三大方法定标题 解题指导　1.最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁；②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符；③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。2.三大方法：①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②方面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇)‎ Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport‎, ‎New York.‎ HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.‎ ‎“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an inperson review, and ... it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”‎ Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.‎ ‎35．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform 解析　B　本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，分析选项可知，只有B能将其完美地结合起来，故答案选B。‎ 过关检测(限时：35分钟)‎ Next time you go shopping, keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits. According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation, a quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior.‎ With concerns that face－recognition cameras “are kind of invasive (侵犯的)”， British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall (客流量)—by filming people's shoes. The technology can collect a large amount of personal information. “We have cameras at ‎50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” Duncan Mann, Hoxton's officer said. ‎ As modern cities get fuller—70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050—cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data. Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes. ‎ But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy (隐私) is concerned. “Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.‎ We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up. When we enter the transport system, we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards, mobile phones or credit cards.‎ Nick Millman, director at a consulting firm thinks statistics are the key to the privacy concern. He used the example of Google Maps, which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm. He explained, “It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about.” In this case, Google gets enough data to improve traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns. ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了在现代生活中，人们对于个人信息以科技途径泄漏的状况的担忧和可能的解决方法。‎ ‎1．What is the article mainly about?‎ A．An introduction to collecting shoppers' data.‎ B．The concerns about giving away personal data.‎ C．The problems caused by imbalanced distribution of population.‎ D．An invention recording and collecting customers' information.‎ 答案：B　主旨大意题。第二段第一句中的“With concerns that face－recognition cameras ‘are kind of invasive (侵犯的)’”，第四段首句中But后的内容以及第五段关键词“giving away data”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是对于泄露个人信息这一问题的担忧，故选B。‎ ‎2．The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics ________.‎ A．can gather a lot of people's personal data from their shoes B．uses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers' data C．has improved the accuracy of facial recognition software D．offers a perfect solution to customers' privacy concerns 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，Hoxton Analytics公司所发明的新技术通过分析客人的鞋子而收集有关他们的大量个人信息，故选A。‎ ‎3．According to the author, cameras in modern cities ________.‎ A．cause a huge waste of public spaces B．help reduce the size of population in urban areas C．are likely to help improve traffic conditions D．are to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient services 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.”可知，作者认为摄像头在现代城市应用是为了避免犯罪、灾难并提供有效服务，故选D。‎ ‎4．What is Renate Samson's attitude toward the rise of smart cities?‎ A．Worried. B．Optimistic.‎ C．Confused. D．Uninterested.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，Renate Samson对于智能城市的出现是很担忧的，这与本段最后一句“‘Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，’ said Renate Samson.”呼应，故选A。‎ ‎(2019·华中师大附中高三模拟)Those who claim bananas are fattening argue that bananas cause the body to make lots of insulin (胰岛素), and insulin causes fat growth.‎ How much insulin we produce is related to how fast food becomes sugar in our bloodstream. How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index (血糖指数), or GI rating tells us. Foods with GI scores above 75 are considered high－GI foods, leading to faster sugar development. Bananas have a GI of 62, which is considered low.‎ Weight loss can be a struggle for anyone, but it is especially hard for diabetics (糖尿病患者). A study looked at how the starch from unripe bananas affected the weight of a group of obese diabetics. After four weeks of a diet high in bananas, diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet. They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet.‎ What's more, bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes, diabetes and cancers (Bananas are the most powerful fruit for lowering the risk of kidney cancer.). Bananas are also a rich source of fiber, which has been shown to help weight loss. Bananas that still have some green on the skin are even higher in fiber.‎ Skins from green bananas can be taken and, after removing the stem and dark tip,‎ ‎ cut into small pieces 2－3 inches long and 1/2 inch wide. These pieces can be made into a tea or added to a dish. When you eat the skins, be sure you are eating organic bananas. The flesh of regular bananas is low in pesticides, but the skins are not.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章反驳了“吃香蕉会使人发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康有着诸多好处。‎ ‎5．What conclusion can we draw from Paragraphs 1 & 2?‎ A．Bananas are likely to make people fat.‎ B．Insulin determines the amount of sugar.‎ C．Low－GI foods can turn into sugar more slowly.‎ D．The faster the food becomes sugar, the less insulin.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index (血糖指数) ... faster sugar development. Bananas have a GI of 62, which is considered low.”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更快地转化成糖分，反之，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分的速度较慢。故选C。‎ ‎6．What does the author say about bananas?‎ A．Including bananas in diets is good for health.‎ B．Bananas can cure people suffering kidney cancer.‎ C．Eating organic bananas protect people from strokes.‎ D．Bananas' abundant fiber improves insulin sensitivity.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“After four weeks of a diet high in bananas, diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet. They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet”及第四段中的“bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes, diabetes and cancers ... weight loss”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论：将香蕉列入日常饮食对人们的健康有益，故选A。‎ ‎7．What is discussed in the last paragraph?‎ A．The use of banana skins. ‎ B．The benefits of banana skins.‎ C．The importance of banana skins. ‎ D．The ways of choosing organic bananas.‎ 答案：A　段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“... can be made into a tea or added to a dish”可知，本段主要讲的是香蕉皮的用途。故选A。‎ ‎8．In which section of a newspaper can we read this passage?‎ A．Education. B．Health.‎ C．Culture. D．Science.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。‎ ‎(2019·北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.‎ At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.‎ Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.‎ Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by ‎3℃‎， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”‎ And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.‎ Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。‎ ‎9．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?‎ A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.‎ B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.‎ C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.‎ D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.‎ 答案：B　段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.‎ C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.‎ 答案：A　词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.‎ B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.‎ C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.‎ D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。‎ ‎12．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.‎ B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.‎ C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.‎ D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.‎ 答案：C　主旨大意题。通读全文并由第二段最后一句，第四段第一句及最后一段第二句(主旨句及关键词)可知，文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。‎ ‎3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D prinlers. But can you imagine printing food?‎ Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the microwave oven or blender.‎ Scientists say that it'll be quite easy: you simply have to sclect a recipe and put the raw food ‘inks’ into the printer. You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.‎ Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients (原料) such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products.‎ Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them.‎ However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those for growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to be get the nutrients we need from foodbased inks and gels (凝胶)?‎ What's more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新技术——3D食物打印，它是一种能像打印文件一样把食物“印”出来的技术。‎ ‎13．Which of the following best describe 3D food printing?‎ A．Quick and popular. B．Easy and efficient.‎ C．Nutritious and tasty. D．Soft and convenient.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.”可知，3D食物打印很快、很容易就能创造出好吃、有营养的食物。故选B。‎ ‎14．Why do some think that 3D food printing would be a disaster?‎ A．Traditional food would disappear.‎ B．Many people could lose their jobs.‎ C．It would affect the people's health.‎ D．We could all eat the same food.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，一些人认为3D食物打印在未来将会是一个灾难，因为它会抢人们的饭碗——比如食物的种植、运输、打包工作，故选B。‎ ‎15．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．3D food printing will replace traditional cooking.‎ B．The future of 3D food printing is uncertain.‎ C．It would hurt our tradition of food culture.‎ D．3D food printing would be a failure.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，烹饪和聚餐是人类的传统活动，很难想象3D食物打印带来的按钮世界，在此，烹饪的乐趣完全丧失。由此可推知，3D食物打印的应用会破坏我们的传统饮食文化。故选C。‎ ‎16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．3D Food Printing: Coming to the Kitchen B．Can 3D Printing Create Everything?‎ C．3D－Printing Food Will Be in Fashion!‎ D．The Disadvantages of 3D Food Printing 答案：A　标题判断题。通读全文并结合主题句：第一段和第二段的最后一句可知，本文讲述了一项新技术——即将进入厨房的3D食物打印。故选A。‎ 强化特训5　主旨大意类(限时：25分钟)‎ ‎[1]‎ Ambar presses her hand to her forehead as she considers the question on her screen: how many sevens in 91? The ten－year－old has been struggling with it for about a minute when she smiles, “13！” Her tutor responds by posting a large smiling cat picture on her screen—the virtual (虚拟的) meaning of a pat on the back. He is sitting on the other side of the world in an online tutoring centre in India.‎ Ambar, who attends Pakeman Primary School in London, is one of nearly 4,000 primary school children in Britain that have signed up for weekly one－to－one maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka. The lessons, provided by a company called Third Space Learning, are targeted at pupils struggling with maths—particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.‎ From next year, the platform will become one of the first examples of artificial intelligence (AI) software being used to monitor, and ideally improve, teaching. Together with some British scientists, the company has analysed around 100,000 hours of audio and written data from its tutorials (辅导课) with the goal of identifying what makes a good teacher and a successful lesson.‎ Tom Hooper, the company's CEO, said, “We've recorded every lesson that we've ever done. By using the data, we've been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.” But he argued that the aim is not to replace teachers with robots. “There's a slightly dubious (不确定的) conversation about how AI will make humans irrelevant, but it's not at all about replacing humans，” he said. “Our whole belief is that for children not doing well in the subject, people are what matters.”‎ Pupils on the program have a 45－minute session with the same tutor each week. They communicate through a headset and a shared “whiteboard”. The lessons at Pakeman‎ ‎Primary School are tailored to the individual, including visual rewards linked to the child's interests. In addition to the raw audio data, each lesson has various success metrics attached: how many problems are completed, how useful the pupil finds the session, how the tutor rates it.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。数学成绩不好怎么办？没关系。坐在家里，你就可以享受高科技公司Third Space Learning为你提供的一对一网上教学服务。‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention Ambar in the beginning?‎ A．To praise her tutor.‎ B．To show her struggle with maths.‎ C．To introduce a company.‎ D．To encourage pupils to learn maths online.‎ 答案：C　‎ 推理判断题。第一段提到了Ambar在网上接受一对一的数学教学，该网上家教中心位于世界的另一端——印度。由此引出下文介绍的一家公司Third Space Learning。故作者在文章一开始提到Ambar是为了引出这家公司。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Third Space Learning?‎ A．It makes good teachers and lessons.‎ B．It is aimed at students from poor backgrounds.‎ C．It is being used to monitor and improve teaching.‎ D．It provides online maths lessons for schoolchildren.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“signed up for weekly one－to－one maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka ... are targeted at pupils struggling with maths”可知，Third Space Learning为小学生提供网上一对一的数学课程，故选D项。‎ ‎3．Which may Tom Hooper agree with?‎ A．AI makes man irrelevant.‎ B．AI is beneficial to teaching.‎ C．Robots are smarter than man.‎ D．Robots will replace humans.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By using the data, we've been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.”可知，Hooper认为AI对教学是有好处的，故选B项。根据本段中的“There's a slightly dubious (不确定的) conversation about how AI will make humans irrelevant, but it's not at all about replacing humans”可排除A项。‎ ‎4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?‎ A．What is taught in the lesson?‎ B．How is the lesson taught?‎ C．Who learns the lesson?‎ D．Why is the lesson taught?‎ 答案：B　段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了这种课的教学模式。故选B项。‎ ‎[2]‎ Boom said at the Paris Air Show Tuesday that passengers could fly between London and New York aboard a supersonic (超音速的) commercial airplane in about 2.5 hours within the next six years. The company also aims to shuttle passengers from San Francisco to Tokyo in 5.5 hours, vs the current 11－hour travel time. Flights from Los Angeles to Sydney would take just under 7 hours, compared with the current 15 hours.‎ ‎“Airlines are eager to find something new and different to offer their ‎ passengers—and we're thrilled that major world airlines share our idea of a future of faster, more accessible supersonic travel，” Blake Scholl, Boom's founder, said at the show. Five airlines have already placed more than 70 orders for Boom's faster－than－sound passenger airliners, the company announced.‎ Some experts, however, are skeptical that Boom can make its idea a reality and offer a product that makes financial sense. “The European aircraft Concorde, which ended its transatlantic supersonic flight in 2003, was never commercially workable, and with an airfare of $20,000, appealed to only a very narrow slice of travelers，” said Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. “Fuel economy, unproven technology, and regulations against supersonic commercial flight are key difficulties Boom faces，” Mann said.‎ There are also some travel limitations. The United States and many other countries do not allow supersonic commercial flights over land, because of the loud shock wave that can be annoying to communities below. But a Boom spokesman said that its passenger airliner is being designed to minimize the noise it makes and that Boom will work to change those regulations.‎ The company said that it will succeed where Concorde failed because Boom is using better engines and improved materials to help reduce the costs of operating its aircraft. And a business－class ticket from New York to London could cost $5,000, Boom estimates (估计), far less than the $20,000 charged by Concorde.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。从纽约到伦敦仅需2.5小时，这可能吗？美国一家航空航天公司Boom在巴黎航空展上宣布他们的超音速飞机有望在六年内将此变为现实。‎ ‎5．In which aspect will Boom's new airplane stand out?‎ A．Its safety. B．Its speed.‎ C．Its flight paths. D．Its degree of comfort.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。文章第一段采用举例子、列数字和对比的写作手法，通过对三条航线目前和将来可能的飞行时间进行对比，主要说明超音速飞机可以大大缩短旅行时间，即它在速度上有优势，故选B项。‎ ‎6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A．The aim of Boom.‎ B．The partners of Boom.‎ C．The public reaction to supersonic flight.‎ D．The potential market for supersonic flight.‎ 答案：D　‎ 段落大意题。第二段中Boom的创始人称一些航空公司对航空创新和高速商业飞行的发展充满热情，并提到有五家航空公司已向他们订购了七十余架飞机，由此可以看出本段主要介绍超音速飞机的市场潜力，故选D项。‎ ‎7．What was the main reason for Concorde's failure?‎ A．It was poorly designed.‎ B．It created terrible noise.‎ C．It was very expensive.‎ D．It burnt too much fuel.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“with an airfare of $20,000, appealed to only a very narrow slice of travelers”和最后一段中的“where Concorde failed ... to help reduce the costs of operating its aircraft”以及最后一句中价格的对比可知，Concorde失败的主要原因是其价格太高，只能吸引极少的乘客，故选C项。‎ ‎8．What is Mann's attitude toward supersonic commercial flight?‎ A．Favorable. B．Disappointed.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Ambiguous.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。第三段中Mann举了以失败而告终的Concorde的例子，又列举了一些超音速飞机面临的问题，由此可推断，他对超音速飞行持怀疑态度，故选C项。‎ ‎[3]‎ The loud continuous noise of the cars or the sound of a plane can force its way into the deepest forest, yet it's not only humans that are bothered by the noise.‎ Bioacoustician Bernie Krause has been studying the effect of noise pollution on wildlife, and has come across some interesting behavior, especially among animals that communicate by vocalization (发声), like humans. Birds use sound to communicate, but in noisy places, these animals have to shout over the natural noise to be heard.‎ Krause mentions a study of nightingales to clarify what he means. The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city. To belt out their songs, they increased their lung pressure fivefold, but scientists state that this is not dangerous for the birds themselves.‎ Studies show that sudden noise can cause certain birds to leave their nests, exposing the young to their enemies. One study also showed that songbirds that nested closer to busy motorways were much less productive than those that nested farther away. Mammals (哺乳动物) too are affected. A recent study showed that nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young.‎ In some cases noise pollution can actually help some animals while harming others. Toads (蟾蜍) and frogs are known to vocalize in synchrony (同步；同步方式) so that no predator can zero in on them. Krause found that when planes flew overhead and masked the toads' songs, they lost their synchronicity, and it took them 45 minutes to get it back ‎ again. That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound.‎ According to Krause, “Not only will noise pollution bother wildlife, but it won't help our lives either.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。噪音污染不仅困扰着人类，也对野生动物产生了巨大的影响。‎ ‎9．How did nightingales react to traffic noise?‎ A．By synchronizing their singing.‎ B．By producing louder sounds.‎ C．By harming themselves.‎ D．By leaving their nests.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。由题干中的the nightingales可以定位到文章第三段，根据该段中的“The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city.”可知，夜莺面对交通噪音会用更高的声调来唱歌。‎ ‎10．How do young caribou suffer from aircraft noise?‎ A．They receive less food.‎ B．They can't sleep at night.‎ C．They are often displaced.‎ D．They can't hear their mothers.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。文章在第四段的末尾提到caribou，由文中的描述“nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young”可知，在有飞机噪音的情况下，哺乳期的北美驯鹿不会生产足够的奶水来喂养它们的幼崽。‎ ‎11．What would happen if toads and frogs failed to sing in union?‎ A．They might become defenceless.‎ B．They would stop communicating.‎ C．They would soon regain their rhythm.‎ D．They might be unable to hunt in groups.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Toads (蟾蜍) and frogs are known to vocalize ... it took them 45 minutes to get it back again. That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound.”‎ 可知，蟾蜍和青蛙齐声和鸣，这样掠食者便难以找到目标；当飞机从上空飞过，蟾蜍的声音被噪音所影响，它们的声音便会失去同步性，而它们需要45分钟时间才能再次找到声音的协调性，这就给了大角猫头鹰和郊狼足够的时间来捕食蟾蜍。‎ ‎12．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Only humans are bothered by the plane noise.‎ B．The causes of noise pollution.‎ C．The effects of noise pollution on wildlife.‎ D．The ways animals communicate with each other.‎ 答案：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了噪音污染对野生动物造成的影响。‎