高考英语一轮复习第1部分Module1SmallTalk课时作业外研版选修6 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Module 1 Small Talk Ⅰ.完形填空 导学号 58082588 Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative (保守的) person who is _1.A__ only among those with whom he is familiar. When a stranger is present, he often seems nervous, 2.C__ embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train (通勤车) any morning or evening to _3.B__ the truth of this. Serious －looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or _4.C__off in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive (冒犯的)． _5.D__， there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, once _6.D__， makes the offender immediately the object of _7.C__. One of the few things we can say about the British with certainty is that a British takes a(n)_8.B__ to the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it _9.A__. Some people argue that it is because the British weather _10.D__ follows forecast and thus becomes a source of interest to everyone. This may be so. Certainly a British cannot have much _11.A__ in the weathermen, whose predictions, in many cases, _12.C__ to be wrong! The man in the street seems to be as accurate—or as inaccurate—as the weathermen in his _13.B__. Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references _14.D__ weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are _15.C__ by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn't it？”“Beautiful day！” may well be heard instead of“Good morning, how are you？”_16.B__ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated (夸大的) and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his_17.B__. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is _18.A__ to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a(n) _19.D__ subject to which a response may well be _20.A__ of even the most reserved of the British. 文章大意：英国人安静、保守，陌生人之间很少交谈，但他们却非常喜欢谈论天气，因 此，天气也就成为了与英国人开始一段谈话的常用话题。 1．A.relaxed B．frustrated C．amused D．exhausted [解析] relaxed 意为“放松的”；frustrated 意为“沮丧的，挫败的”；amused 意为 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 “愉悦的”；exhausted 意为“疲惫的，耗尽的”。根据第一段第二句中的“When a stranger is present，he often seems nervous”可知，英国人只在其熟悉的人面前感到放松，故 A 项正确。 2．A.yet B．otherwise C．even D．so [解析] yet 意为“然而”；otherwise 意为“否则，另外”；even 意为“甚至”；so 意为“所以”。句意为：在陌生人面前，英国人会显得紧张，甚至感到尴尬。此处表示递进 关系，故 C 项正确。 3．A.experience B．witness C．watch D．undertake [解析] experience 意为“经历，体验”；witness 意为“目击，证明”；watch 意为 “观察”；undertake 意为“承担；允诺”。根据本段最后一句所描述的商务人士在火车上 的表现可知此处表示“在任意一个早上或者晚上乘通勤车的时候，你都可以证明这一事实”， 故 B 项正确。 4．A.whispering B．murmuring C．nodding D．laughing [解析] whisper 意为“耳语，低声说”；murmur 意为“低语”；nod 意为“点头”； laugh 意为“嘲笑”。上文提到在陌生人面前，英国人会显得紧张，再结合此空后的 hardly anybody talks 可知，表情严肃的商人和女士坐在那里看报纸或者在角落里打盹儿。nod off 意为“打瞌睡，打盹”，为固定短语，符合语境。 5．A.Hopefully B．Exactly C．Frequently D．Obviously [解析] 句意为：显然，在英国有个不成文但人尽皆知的行为准则，一旦有人打破这一 准则，这个人就会立刻成为被批评的对象。hopefully 意为“有希望地，有前途地”；exactly 意为“恰好地，精确地”；frequently 意为“频繁地”；obviously 意为“显然地，显而易 见地”。根据语境可知 D 项正确。 6．A.developed B．observed C．followed D．broken [解析] 此处表示一旦规则被打破，故 D 项正确。 7．A.doubt B．argument C．criticism D．praise [解析] 上半句提到这是一个人尽皆知的行为准则，故一旦有人打破，则肯定成为批评 的对象。doubt 意为“怀疑”；argument 意为“争论”；criticism 意为“批评”；praise 意为“赞美，赞扬”。根据语境可知 C 项正确。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 8．A.emotion B．fancy C．likeliness D．judgment [解析] emotion 意为“情感，情绪”；fancy 意为“想像，喜爱”；likeliness 意为 “可能性”；judgment 意为“判断，裁决”。根据下文可知，英国人喜欢谈论天气。take a fancy to sth./sb.意为“喜欢某事或某人”，为固定短语，符合语境。 9．A.at length B．at last C．at most D．at least [解析] at length 意为“长时间地”；at last 意为“最后，终于”；at most 意为“至 多”；at least 意为“至少”。根据语境可知此处表示英国人如有机会就会畅谈天气，故 A 项正确。 10．A.always B．often C．constantly D．seldom [解析] 根据 11 空后的“the weathermen, whose predictions，in many cases，__12__ to be wrong”可知，英国的天气预报很少是准确的，故此处用 seldom“几乎不”。 11．A.faith B．relief C．honor D．credit [解析] faith 意为“信仰，信念”；relief 意为“宽慰；减轻”；honor 意为“荣耀， 荣誉”；credit 意为“信任”。因为天气预报很少准确，英国人当然不能非常相信气象预报 员。have faith in sb.意为“信任某人”，为固定短语，故 A 项正确。 12．A.put out B．make out C．turn out D．find out [解析] put out 意为“熄灭”；make out 意为“理解；辨认出”；turn out 意为“最 后，结果是，最终成为”；find out 意为“查明”。气象预报员的预报很多情况下被证实是 错的，故 C 项符合语境。 13．A.consideration B．prediction C．approval D．appreciation [解析] consideration 意为“考虑，体谅”；prediction 意为“预测”；approval 意 为“赞成”；appreciation 意为“欣赏，感激”。上文提到气象预报员的预报不准，此处表 示街上的人似乎和气象预报中的预报员一样准确或者不准确。故 B 项符合语境。 14．A.about B．on C．in D．to [解析] 此处考查结构 make reference to 的用法，意为“谈及，提及”，为固定搭配， 故 D 项正确。 15．A.started B．conducted 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 C．replaced D．proposed [解析] start 意为“开始”；conduct 意为“管理；引导”；replace 意为“替换”； propose 意为“提议，计划”。根据下文可知，此处表示寒暄经常会被谈论天气取代 (replaced)。 16．A.Since B．Although C．However D．Only if [解析] 句意为：尽管外国人可能会认为这有些夸张和滑稽，但值得指出的是，了解这 些对他是有好处的。根据下半句中的 it is worthwhile...可知此处用连词 although“尽 管”，引导让步状语从句。 17．A.benefit B．advantage C．disadvantage D．favor [解析] benefit 意为“好处，益处”；advantage 意为“优势，有利条件”； disadvantage 意为“缺点，不利条件”；favor 意为“喜爱，欢心”。to one's advantage 表示“对……有利”，为固定搭配。 18．A.at a loss B．in detail C．in groups D．on occasion [解析] at a loss 意为“茫然，困惑”；in detail 意为“详细地”；in groups 意为 “成群地，分组的”；on occasion 意为“有时，偶尔”。外国人想要和英国人攀谈，但又 不知道怎样开头，那就不妨先谈谈天气，故 A 项正确。 19．A.avoidable B．steady C．optional D．safe [解析] avoidable 意为“可避免的”；steady 意为“稳定的，稳固的”；optional 意 为“可选择的，随意的”；safe 意为“安全的”。根据英国人对天气话题的热爱可知谈论天 气是一个安全的话题，故 D 项正确。 20．A.expected B．asked C．wished D．reminded [解析] expect sth.of sb.意为“要求，指望”，为固定用法。 Ⅱ.阅读理解 导学号 58082589 (2016·广州市高三测试) In 1800，only three percent of the world's population lived in cities.Only one city—Beijing had a population of over a million.Most people lived in rural areas， and never saw a city in their lives.In 1900，just a hundred years later，roughly 150 million people lived in cities，and the world's ten largest cities all had populations exceeding one million.By 2000，the number of city dwellers exceeded three billion； 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 and in 2008，the world's population crossed a tipping point—more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities.By 2050 ， that could increase to over two － thirds.Clearly，humans have become an urban species. In the 19th and early 20th centuries ， many people viewed cities negatively—crowded，dirty environments full of disease and crime.They feared that as cities got bigger，living conditions would worsen.In recent decades，however， attitudes have changed.Many experts now think urbanization(城市化) is good news， offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population. Harvard economist Edward Glaeser，author of The Victory of the City，is one such person.Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because“the absence of space between people”reduces the cost of transporting goods，people，and ideas.While the flow of goods has always been important to cities，what is the most important today is the flow of ideas.Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily， and attract and reward smart people with higher wages. Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand.Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland.City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside.Their roads，sewers，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate.City apartments require less energy to heat，cool，and light.Most importantly，people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person. So it's a mistake to see urbanization as evil ； it's a natural part of development.The challenge is how to manage the growth. 文章大意：近两三个世纪以来城市化发展迅速，有人认为城市化导致了很多问题，也有 人认为它带来了许多好处。 1．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about？__C__ A．The history of modern cities. B．Changes taking place within cities. C．How cities have grown over time. D．Why modern cities are changing. [解析] 细节理解题。通读文章第一段可知，随着时间的推移，城市人口越来越多，故 此段说明了城市化的发展情况。故选 C 项。 2．How have experts' attitudes toward cities changed in recent decades？__D__ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 A．They now view the weaknesses as strengths. B．They no longer see city－living as attractive. C．They accept city life in spite of its problems. D．They think city－living provides more benefits. [解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Many experts now think urbanization is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population. 可知，许多专家现在认为城市化是好消息，因为它为地球上不断增长的人口问题提供了解决 方法。故选 D 项。 3．Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with？__A__ A．Cities provide more economic opportunities. B．City people get along better with each other. C．Over－crowded cities result in problems. D．Cities limit the flow of ideas. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句 Glaeser argues that cities are very productive...和最后一句 Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily，and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.可知，格莱泽认为城 市是非常多产的，成功的城市容易使人们互相学习而且会用更高的工资吸引和回馈聪明人， 因此他同意“城市提供了更多的经济机会”。故选 A 项。 4．According to Paragraph 4，what would be the result of moving people out of cities？__B__ A．Economic production would be reduced. B．There would be less farmland available. C．People would travel less frequently. D．House values would fall greatly. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二、三句 Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland.可 知，布兰德认为城市对环境有益，因为城市让世界的一半人口住在大约百分之四的土地上， 这给农村更多的空间，比如农田。由此推断，如果让人们搬出城市，将会导致可使用的农田 变少。故选 B 项。 Ⅲ.七选五 导学号 58082590 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Trees around us are extremely important and have alwaysbeen necessary for 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 improving the human conditions.Our existing forests and trees we plant work to make a better world. _1.F__. Here is a short list of main reasons trees are necessary for improving our living conditions. ●Trees produce oxygen _2.A__. A leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year. What many people don't realize is that the forest also acts as a giant filter that cleans the air we breathe. Trees help clean the air by preventing airborne particles, reducing heat, and absorbing such pollutants. ●Trees clean the soil The termphytoremediationisa fancy word for the absorption of dangerous chemicals and other pollutants that have entered the soil. _3.G__ Trees filter(过滤) sewage and farm chemicals, reduce the effects of animal wastes, clean roadside spills and so on. ●Trees are carbon sinks To produce its food, a tree absorbs and locks away carbon dioxide in the wood, roots and leaves.Carbon dioxide is a global warming suspect. _4.C__. This locking －up process “stores” carbon as wood and not as a “greenhouse” gas. ●_5.D__ Trees block urban noise almost as effectively as stone walls. Trees, planted at strategic points in a neighborhood or around your house, can reduce major noises from freeways and airports. A．We could not exist as we do if there were no trees B．Trees help clean the sky C．A forest is a carbon storage area that can lock up as much carbon as it produces D．Trees control noise pollution E．Man has been planting trees to make the planet a more beautiful world F．The modern human community has other more practical reasons to admire and honor trees G．Trees can either store harmful pollutants or change the pollutants into less harmful forms 文章大意：树对人类的生存环境起着重要的作用。无论是天然林还是人工林，都在美化 着这个星球。树在哪些方面造福我们呢？ [解析] 1.空格的前句说的是地球上的自然林和我们种植的树木一起创造更好的世界。 空格后的句子是说这里有一个关于树对改善我们的生存环境非常必要的重要原因的简单列 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 表。故 F 项“当今的人类还有其他更现实的理由敬佩、珍视树木”起承上启下的作用，符合 语境。 2．根据下文可知，此处是说树所生产的氧气帮助我们存活，故 A 项符合语境。 3．由空后的内容可知，树木会过滤污水和农业用药，减少动物粪便的影响及清理路边的 污物等，故 G 项能概括此处描述的内容。 4 ． 根 据 空 前 的 “locks away carbon dioxide” 和 空 后 的 “This locking － up process‘stores’carbon”可知答案。 5．结合本段内容可知，此处讲的是树木可以减少噪音污染，故 D 项符合文意。 Ⅳ.语法填空 导学号 58082591 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 This is a story of a little girl and her grandmother. One day, I was looking for medicine in a store _1.when__ I saw an old woman with a little girl in her arms. The little girl asked her grandmother，“ _2.What__do you think about a brand new face cream that is supposed_3.to_reduce__(reduce) laugh lines？”The grandmother just laughed and said, “Sweetie, I am 80 years old. I _4.have_learned/have_learnt__(learn) to love all my laugh lines. I have _5.actually__(actual) earned every one of them.” Then just to prove her point, she laughed again and amused _6.her__ granddaughter. The laughter of the little girl and the old woman mixed together with a sound _7.that/which__ was as musical and beautiful as an angel's song. I left the store feeling a lot _8.better__(good) about all the laugh lines I had earned in my own life. I remembered all the beautiful faces I had seen _9.over__ the years. Their beauty is ageless no matter how old they are. May you have a timein your life earning _10.the__ most attractive laugh lines. 文章大意：小女孩建议自己的奶奶购买消除笑纹的面霜，奶奶回答说，她喜欢自己的笑 纹。作者也希望人们能够学会爱上自己的笑纹。 [解析] 1.考查连词。when 在这里表示“就在这时(突然)”。 2．考查疑问代词。What do you think about sth.？表示“你认为……怎么样？”。 3．考查非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth.意为”应当做某事”，故此处填 to reduce。 4．考查动词时态。根据上下文语境可知，奶奶已经学会爱上自己的笑纹，所以用现在完 成时。 5．考查词性转换。形容词 actual 转换为副词 actually，修饰整个句子。 6．考查代词。根据该句主语 she 可知，应填形容词性物主代词 her。 7．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，先行词是 a sound，关系 词在从句中作主语，故用 that/which。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 8．考查比较级。根据语境以及空前的“a lot”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，good 的比较级是 better。 9．考查介词。over the years 表示“历年来，多年以来”。 10．考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词 the。