【英语】2018届高考英语二轮复习在短文语法填空中抓住“4个关键点”和“4个易混点”巧解动词形式学案（8页word版） 8页

‎2018届二轮复习 在短文语法填空中抓住“4个关键点”和“4个易混点”巧解动词形式 ‎　4 ‎(1)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to_create (create) special designs.‎ ‎②(2017·襄阳市质检)This year’s World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual to_avoid (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year.‎ ‎(2)作伴随状语和方式状语时用现在分词 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.‎ ‎②(2017·成都市模拟)This spring, I started working as a language assistant, teaching (teach) English to hundreds of students.‎ ‎(3)作介词的宾语时用动名词 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.‎ ‎②(2017·衡水市模拟)We should prevent the river from being_polluted (pollute)．‎ ‎(4)熟记固定结构中的非谓语动词。例如be likely to do sth., have difficulty/trouble doing sth.等 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely to_bring (bring) your work home.‎ ‎②(2017·天水市诊断考试)In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind.‎ 4 ‎(1)现在分词和过去分词作状语 现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·福州八中质检)__61__ (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Realizing。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly __70__ (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填encouraged。‎ ‎(2)现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语 此时现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为“令人……的”，后者意为“感到……的”。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and __43__ (disappoint)．‎ 分析：此处looked后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来很焦急、很失望。故填disappointed。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·山西省实验中学质检)Dennis Williams, the new owner of the phone number, responded to the __66__ (excite) baby news.‎ 分析：此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示“令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息”。故填exciting。‎ ‎(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语 不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未进行；现在分词作后置定语表示主动、进行；过去分词作后置定语表示被动、完成。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something __64__ (eat)! ‎ 分析：此处表示找到要吃的东西，表示动作尚未进行，故填to eat。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company ‎ in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people __70__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 分析：此处表示“居住”在上海和香港的人们，应用非谓语动词作定语，people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。‎ ‎[典例3]　(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) __61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 分析：由谓语动词are admired可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填built。‎ ‎(4)不定式与动名词作宾语 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，例如agree, decide, refuse, manage等；而有些动词只跟动名词作宾语，例如avoid, finish, mind, practise等。还有些动词既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，这些都要特别注意。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·江西红色六校联考)Mr.Smith’s doctor suggested not __62__ (eat) cold food these days.‎ 分析：suggest后需接动名词作宾语，故填eating。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused __46__ (stop) until we reached the next stop.‎ 分析：refuse后接动词作宾语时，要用其不定式形式，故填to stop。‎ ‎[典例3]　(2017·菏泽市模拟)Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __69__ (accept)the action of the person who upsets you.‎ 分析：mean to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”，故填accepting。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·西安市模拟)She thanked me, and told me she wished to_see (see) me again.‎ ‎2．(2017·淄博市模拟)She let me choose my sleep medicine, making (make) sure that I was okay.‎ ‎3．(2017·马鞍山二中模拟)That explained the puzzled (puzzle) expression on the drivers’ faces as they just read “thank you” on the note.‎ ‎4．(2017·九江市模拟)Pub culture is formed to_help (help) people get along with each other.‎ ‎5．(2017·淮南二中模拟)I know he is good at working (work) out the difficult questions.‎ ‎6．(2017·南昌二模)Rather than write an article for homework, usually we were allowed to_work (work) with a friend to write an imaginary dialogue between two historical figures.‎ ‎7．(2017·牡丹江市模拟)Visitors to Britain may find it the best place to_enjoy (enjoy) local culture in a traditional pub.‎ ‎8．(2017·九江一中模拟)You can spend a lot of time taking (take)‎ ‎ pictures in front of the great hotels.‎ ‎9．(2017·汕头市模拟)Its space program aims to_place (place) a permanent manned space station into service around 2022.‎ ‎10．(2017·淮北市模拟)Sleeping problems are becoming more and more disturbing (disturb), but these tips may help a lot.‎ ‎11．(2017·银川九中模拟)Peking Opera or Beijing Opera is a form of Chinese opera combining (combine)music, vocal performances, dance and so on.‎ ‎12．(2017·皖南八校联考)It is a great way for you and your friends to_encourage (encourage) each other to build strong bodies.‎ ‎13．(2017·青岛市模拟)You may have trouble sleeping (sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.‎ ‎14．(2017·泰安市质检)Most Chinese remember being_told (tell) this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi.‎ ‎15．(2017·哈尔滨市模拟)Each time the eagle would let his dreams known (know), he was told it couldn’t be done.‎ ‎16．(2017·铁岭市联考)Jackie said that making this car was to_fulfill (fulfill) his dream, not to make money.‎ ‎17．(2017·包头市模拟)For several days they had been busy preparing (prepare) for this plan.‎ ‎18．(2017·日照市校际联合检测)Tea drinking was widespread in China for about one thousand years before appearing (appear) in Europe.‎ ‎19．(2017·衡阳八中模拟)Bob’s wife asks him to_go (go) downstairs ‎ to the kitchen and bring her a glass of milk.‎ ‎20．(2017·浙江瑞安四校联考)“It’s such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table reserved (reserve) for customers.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·西安市模拟)He needed my help and I felt so exciting.exciting→excited ‎2．(2017·成都市模拟)One day, he asked me how life on earth began after watch a film.watch→watching ‎3．Second, avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms.avoid前加to ‎4．(2017·襄阳市模拟)Later I became accustomed to talk with people from various cultures.talk→talking ‎5．(2017·蚌埠市模拟)I am writing to keep you informing of something about the severe situation that finless porpoises, a kind of rare and lovely animal, are faced with presently.informing→informed ‎6．We hope that all of us will devote our efforts to protect pandas and let them live in the wild again some day.protect→protecting ‎7．(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repairing.repairing→repaired ‎8．I think I do well in the team work and I’m good at communicate with different people.communicate→communicating ‎9．(2017·巢湖市模拟)I am the apple of his eyes, but when it comes to my study, he is very strict and will never let me to be lazy.去掉me后的to ‎10．Most children feel frighten when they first go to school, because they are not familiar with school at all.frighten→frightened