2018年江苏省盐城市高三年级第三次模拟试题英语 18页

2018 年江苏省盐城市高三年级第三次模拟试题英语 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 20 分）（略） 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 21. Thomas made _____ his concerns about the changes that had been introduced at work. A. plain B. perfect C. easy D. ambiguous 解析：考查形容词辨析和熟词僻意。A 一般意思为平坦的，僻意为清楚的，明白的，B 完美，C 简单，D 模糊的，Thomas“表明”了他的顾虑，根据句意选 A。 答案：A 22. Over the last four decades, the Chinese people have _______ enhanced productivity through hard work with a firm spirit. A. roughly B. merely C. significantly D. equally 解析：考查副词辨析。A 艰难地，B 仅仅，C 值得注目地；巨大地（in an important way or to an important degree）， D 平等地。句意：在过去的四十年里，中国人用坚实的信念极大 程度地提升了自己的劳动力水平。根据句意选 C。 答案：C 23. ----Can you give me some advice on how to deal with that tough customer? ---- I ______ to her instead of trying to explain over the phone if in your shoes. A. will write B. would write C. were to write D. would have written 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：——能给我点建议如何对付那个难搞的顾客吗？——要是 我是你的话我会直接给她写信而不是尝试在电话里跟她解释。对现在的虚拟，用 would do， 选 B。 答案：B 24. My printer is five years old, so I’d like to ________ it and purchase a new one online. A. delete B. retire C. refresh D. declare 解析：考查动词辨析。A 删除，B 不再使用，C 使恢复，D 表明。句意：我的打印机已 经用了五年了，我准备不再使用它再在网上买个新的。根据句意选 B。 答案：B 25. ----You should have heard Tom yesterday? ---- Sure. He’s charged with taking the car without the owner’s _______. A. enquiry B. privilege C. command D. consent 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A 询问打听，B 特权，C 命令，D 同意，句意：——你听说 Tom 昨天的事了吗？——当然听说了，他因为没有经过人家同意就开人家的车被罚款了。 经过他人的同意（consent），选 D。 答案：D 26. In terms of the urban effects of the technology, our cities are _______ for self-driving cars. A. nowhere near ready B. near nowhere ready C. anywhere near ready D. near anywhere ready 解析：考查固定搭配。nowhere near ready 表示远非准备好。 答案：A 27. I sent in my application three weeks ago and they’re probably not going to call me back. I’m still ______ hope, though. A. holding out B. working out C. figuring out D. setting out 解析：考查动词短语以及固定搭配。Hold out 坚持说某事好的会发生（to think or say that something is possible or likely to happen, especially something good，常用搭配，hold out hope of， 选 A。 答案：A 28. Many graduates aren’t prepared for what the future has _______ when they come out of school. A. in demand B. at ease C. at length D. in store 解析：考查介词短语。A 有需求，B 安逸，C 最终，D 未来有…在等着某人（常考重要 考点），what the future has in store，选 D。 答案：D 29. _______ to finding ways to make music accessible to all children is Ms. Thompson with a touring company of professional musicians. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Being devoted D. Having been devoted 解析：考查固定搭配和表语倒装。固定搭配：sb. be devoted to doing…。原文是 Mr. T is devoted to finding ways to make music accessible to all children . 把 be 动词后面的东西提前就 变成了 devoted to ... is，选 A。 答案：A 30. By December 2017, the number of Chinese netizens reached 772 million, ______ 753 million surf the Internet via mobile phones. A. which B. whose C. of which D. for whom 解析：考查定语从句。句意：到 2017 年 12 月，中国的网民数量已经达到了 7 亿 7 千万 人，其中 7 亿 5 千万都在用手机上网。在这里 of which，表示在…之中。选 C。 答案：C 31. Many of life’s failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success _______ they gave up. A. once B. while C. when D. unless 解析：考查连词。空格后时间状语从句，用 when 引导时间状语从句，在他们长大的时 候，选 C。 答案：C 32. Never throughout history has a man who _______ a life of ease left a name worth remembering. A. lives B. lived C. would live D. had lived 解析：考查时态语态。常考考点，根据句意，时间为过去，表示如果这个人过去过着一 种安逸的生活就无法创作牛逼的作品，过去生活已经结束，就用 lived。选 B。 答案：B 33. If we worked on the assumption _______ what is accepted as true really is true, then there would be little hope for advance. A. where B. if C. whether D. that 解析：考查同位语从句。首先排除 BC，先行词 assumption 为名词，用 that，衣得 D。 答案：D 34. It had been many years since my last visit, but I found the house by _____. A. losing my head B. catching my eye C. biting my tongue D. following my nose 解析：考查俗语俚语。我通过我的直觉找到了这间房子，follow my nose 跟着直觉，选 D。 答案：D 35. ---Wall Street English just launched a new WeChat learning platform and we can take free classes! ---______! Let me have a look! A. You don’t say B. You have got it C. You have me there D. You can say that again. 解析：考查情景交际。句意：——华尔街英语研发了微信免费学习平台。——不会吧？ 我们来看看，用 you don't say 表示难以置信。选 A。 答案：A 第二节：完形填空(共 20 个小题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A.、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。 Stephen Hawking dies at 76 today, the day coinciding with the birthday of another legend of science, Albert Einstein. His 36 are in a state of deep shock and have tweeted that the death of the greatest scientist is 37 for they believed the man to be immortal. There’s one thing that’s certain and it’s death, 38 how and when it comes is something that can’t be in one’s hands. Or can it be? Looking at how Hawking survived over half a century of being 39 the death sentence, the scales are tipping toward a yes. And he indeed just didn’t 40 it; he succeeded. “However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and 41 at”, he said. During the course of his rare disease, his 42 to the field of physics stands out miraculously. Now, what made the man a genius of mind? Was it his willpower or his 43 misfortune that strengthened his mind? He was 44 with a crippling disease at the age of 21, which progressively disables the individual In the 45 of his genius, however, fortune 46 him since then. His scientific work got 47 and better. The man, whose body was so fragile and seemed to 48 his genius, never gave up. Some experts say perhaps Hawking was 49 diagnosed and this is the reason of his surviving over half a century. Also, doctors say the disease spread 50 than it does in most of the patients, giving him more time. Hawking himself said, “I have been lucky that my condition has 51 more slowly. But it shows that one need not lose 52 .” Hawking seemed unaffected by the drawbacks life 53 at him. He calls all his accomplishments that followed his disease a 54 . He indeed is a unique example of two mind powers 55 ----an astonishing willpower and a strong sense of determination. These two helped him fight against all odds. 36. A. ancestors B. doctors C. opponents D. followers 37. A. unavoidable B. unreasonable C. unbelievable D. unpredictable 38. A. or B. but C. so D. for 39. A. handed over B. turned over C. taken over D. run over 40. A. share B. control C. change D. survive 41. A. succeed B. wonder C. point D. laugh 42. A. explanation B. distribution C. contribution D. attention 43. A. mental B. emotional C. financial D. physical 44. A. infected B. occupied C. diagnosed D. concerned 45. A. respect B. event C. face D. name 46. A. tricked B. favored C. rejected D. abandoned 47. A. thicker B. tougher C. simpler D. lighter 48. A. corrupt B. fail C. spot D. strike 49. A. precisely B. entirely C. luckily D. wrongly 50. A. easier B. harder C. slower D. quicker 51. A. evolved B. progressed C. recovered D. improved 52. A. fate B. hope C. health D. fortune 53. A. screamed B. barked C. threw D. shot 54. A. bonus B. deposit C. reward D. gain 55. A. multiplied B. combined C. exploited D. separated 解析：36.A 祖先，B 医生，C 对手，D 追随者。句意：他的追随者们十分震惊……他们 认为这个人是永恒（存在）的。证明此处应填写追随者，最符合文意，故选 D。 37. A 不可避免的，B 不合理的，C 难以置信的，D 不可预见的。后半句说他们认为这 个人的存在是永恒的，也就是说霍金的死亡令他们感到难以置信。选 C。 38.句意：有一件事是必然的，那就是死亡，___如何到来以及合适到来是无法掌控的。 最符合句意的是转折用法，“但是死亡如何到来是无法掌控的。”选 B。 39.考查动词短语辨析。A 把……送交，B 翻页、使（引擎）发动，C 接管，D 满溢、思 考、超过（预定时间）。此处指把死刑交给霍金，比喻为死刑，即霍金被下了死亡通告书， 生命不久将逝。选 A。 40. surviveit 指熬过它，挺过它。文中说霍金去世了，因此选 D。 41.固定搭配 succeedat sth.，且第一行中暗示了这个选项。 42.在霍金身患罕见的病症过程中，他对物理学界的贡献是相当大的。选 C。 43.是他的意志力还是身体的不幸增强了他的头脑思维？此处根据文章霍金身患罕见病 症可知选 physical，指身体的。选 D。 44. A 感染，B 占据，C 诊断，D 关心。此处说霍金在 21 岁时被……患有腿瘸的疾病。 显然选 C 被诊断。 45.句意：但是，因为对天才的尊重，命运眷顾了霍金。B 在……事件中，C 面对，D 以……的名义。只有 A 符合题意。 46.命运眷顾了他，使他的贡献与成就越来越多。故选 B。 47.此处 thick 指大量的，霍金的成就越来越多。故选 A。 48. fail hisgenius，使他的天才才能衰退，fail 指衰退。他的身体如此脆弱但从未放弃。 故选 B。 49.一些专家认为也许霍金被错误诊断了所以才能活超过半个世纪，选 D。 50.医生说这个疾病在他体内比大多数病人蔓延得慢，而给了他更多时间。最后一行也 有提示 slowly，故选 C。 51.我感到幸运我的症状进展得比较慢。B 指进展。 52.这证明一个人不应该失去希望。选 hope。 53.霍金似乎并没有被生活丢给他的不利因素所影响。A 尖叫，B 犬吠，D 开枪，均不 符合。故选 C。 54.此处选 bonus 指意外收获。霍金把所有他患病后获得的成就称为意外收获。 55.两种精神力量的结合，A 倍增、繁殖，C 利用，D 分离。显然选 B。 答案：36-40DCBAD 41-45ACDCA 46-50BABDC 51-55BBCAB 第三部分：阅读理解 (共 15 个小题; 每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Yale education emphasizes the importance of learning for public service. Founded in 1886, Dwight Hall at Yale is a student-run, staff-supported public service and social action organization. Below is a list of some active programs, which can be searched by name, cause, or type of service. Logo Overview Mission AIDS Walk New Haven Cause(s): Health & Medicine Types of service: Fundraising and Financial Support Application: Join anytime! A 5K off-campus walk to raise money to provide support services to individuals and families infected and affected by HIV/AIDS in the greater New Haven community. Our goals are to raise money, increase public awareness, promote prevention through advocacy. American Red Cross at Yale Cause(s): Health & Medicine Types of service: Direct Service Advocacy and Education Application: Join anytime! We are an undergraduate organization working to bring national American Red Cross projects to the Yale campus. Working with our local New Haven chapter to organize projects such as first aid and CPR training. We use Yale University’s significant people resources to provide essential blood supplies to hospitals and patients. Best Buddies International Cause(s): Children &Youth People with Disabilities Types of service: Direct Service Advocacy and Education Application: Join anytime! The mission of Best Buddies International is to establish a global volunteer movement that creates opportunities for ne-to-one friendships, integrated employment and leadership development for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Bridges ESL Cause(s): Education & Literacy Types of service: Direct Service Application: Join anytime! Bridges ESL provides free English language lessons to individuals in the Yale and New Haven community who want or need to improve their communication skills and bridge their language gap. These individuals will acquire the English skills needed to be effective in the family, the university, the workplace, and the community. Volunteer tutors are at the heart of our program. Become a volunteer today! 56. Which of the following is TRUE in terms of health and medicine causes? A. Volunteers will provide direct support services to AIDS victims. B. AIDS Walk New Haven is targeted at Yale HIV-infected students. C. American Red Cross at Yale encourages Yale students to donate blood. D. Those joining American Red Cross at Yale should be medical experts. 解析：根据定位词，health and medicine causes, 定位到第二点，有 we use Yale university significant people resources to provide essential blood supplied to hospital and patients. 即他们 耶鲁大学学生捐血。 答案：C 57. As a new foreign university freshman, he/she is likely to benefit from ______. A. AIDS Walk New Haven B. American Red Cross at Yale C. Best Buddies D. Bridges ESL 解析：根据定位词 a new foreign university freshman,初到一个地方，人生地不熟，所以 应该要加强自己的语言能力，对应的是最后一点的，who want or need to improve their communication skills and bridge their language gap. 答案：D B Personally, I love writing reviews of any kind mostly because that way I can put all my thoughts about the subject on the paper. Before we go on, I have to mention it is different when you write a review for yourself i.e. your blog or website and for your professor in college. To an untrained eye, reviews may seem pointless. What’s the point of writing about something when other people and your professor have already read the book? Isn’t it enough to talk about it in the class? Just as movie reviews develop your critical thinking, book reviews do the same. It is not enough to read a book and call it a day; you have to establish your opinion, your likes, and dislikes. When a professor gives you this assignment, he/she wants to see your abilities to analyze the book and use vocabulary skills to discuss different parts of the plot. Since we are accustomed to writing book reports at a very young age, it comes as no surprise we don’t’ think book reviews are different than a book report. Contrary to the popular belief, book reviews and book reports are two different types of writing. Knowing how they differ is essential for writing a high-quality paper that will guarantee a good grade. Book reports usually centre around topical details about the author and the plot of the story. On the other hand, a book review is a more complicated approach to understanding and discussing a book. It doesn’t centre around a summary of each section, but you have to carry out a thorough analysis. As you grow and develop as a student, so does your ability to think critically. You don’t just sum up what you’ve just read but analyze every piece of the puzzle in order to show the ability not only to pay attention to detail but also engage thinking critically. Here, you have to be careful that you aren’t, actually, just retelling the story. While book reviews may contain some elements of book reports e.g. author, characters, plot, the emphasis is to provide a more detailed insight, go deeper and elaborate strengths and weaknesses of the book, and discuss the elements of the story. You know the difference between book reports and book reviews, now what? Now you’re ready to begin the assignment. In order to write a thorough book review, you have to pay attention to everything about the book, which is why writing down the information about the author, genre, etc. is strongly advised. That’s why you’ll need a pen and notebook where you can write everything. 58. According to the passage, what should be done before starting to write a review? A. Identifying the target reader B. Consulting with your professor C. Developing an interest in reviews. D. Listing all your thoughts on the paper. 解析：根据定位词 before starting to write a review, 我们定位到第一段第 2 句话，when you write a review for yourself, i.e. your blog or website and for you professor in college. 即写书评 之前要明确对象，是写给你自己还是写给你的教授，即明确对象(target reader)，选 A。 答案：A 59. The author shows the importance of a book review mainly by ______. A. giving a solid example B. making a reasonable assumption C. drawing a valid comparison D. providing a detailed description 解析：此文第三段，第四段，思五段，第六段，第七段不断在对比 book review 与 book report 的区别，反复出现对比用词，比如 different from, while, the difference between A and B , Just as 等词，即写作手法为 drawing a valid comparison 答案：C 60. Where does the fundamental difference between a report and a review lie? A. Objective summary B. Critical comments C. Thorough comprehension D. Personal abilities 解析：此题需要总结概括第五段和第六段的内容，第五段讲 book report 强调复述故事， 而 book review 强调 insight, elaborate strengths and weaknesses, discuss the element,等主观性东 西，即 book review 更加强调自己的批判性思维，选 B。 答案：B C The world’s most complex biological computer, made from a group of engineered cells, could one day be implanted into the body to detect diseases and deliver treatments. In an early research in 2012, Martin Fussenegger at ETH Zurish in Switzerland and his colleagues engineered two kidney cells to become a biological circuit capable of simple mathematics. One of the cells was able to calculate addition: the presence or absence of each of two chemicals would switch on a reaction inside the cell that would make it shine different colors. The other cell worked in the same way but could substract amounts. This kind of biological circuit resembles a simple logic circuit in a computer. In theory, it could be used to indicate the presence of an infectious substance while in fact it failed. Most biological reactions in the body aren’t that simple, though. They rarely rely on “one input and one output”----instead, multiple inputs lead to different outputs. For instance, a high level of calcium in the body in the presence of a specific hormone may suggest one disease, but a high level of calcium along with another hormone might indicate a completely different condition. To be more practical, biological computers need to be able to perform more complex mathematics. However, it is hard to pack multiple calculations into a single cell. To get around this, Fussenegger and his team have engineered a multi-cellular system, in which different cells each perform a separate calculation and pass on the results to each other. The system has nine cells, each containing a biochemical reaction that responds to three chemical inputs----similar to an AND, NOT and OR system in a traditional electronic circuit. These cells coordinate their activities by releasing chemicals that pass from one cell to the other. Together, they form a fully biological circuit that can respond to multiple inputs. “Although it is not at a stage yet where we can test on animals, we believe it is the most complex biological computer ever assembled,” says Fussenegger. “This work addresses one of the major limitations in synthetic biology (合成生物学)---a lack of programmable devices,” says Angel Goni-Moreno, a synthetic biologist at Newcastle University, UK. He says that Fussenegger’s multicellular approach enables you to programme the circuit and achieve different calculations just by connecting the nine cells in different configurations(设置). In the future, a biological computer like this could be used to monitor more complex medical conditions. For example, it could respond to a rise in calcium, a drop in a hormone and an increase in a biomarker, which together would signal the presence of a specific type of cancer, help diagnose it and alert the user to seek appropriate treatment. 61. The underlined word “substract” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. add up B. take away C. split up D. give away 解析：如果有一定单词量的积累那能够直接知道 subtract 的含义，减去。在文中当句 the other cell worked inthe same way but could subtract amounts。因为是 but 表示转折所以与上文 应该相反。上文提及 one of the cells was able to calculate addition. 上文是加法所以这里应该 是减法，减去。所以答案选择 B，take away. 答案：B 62. What was the progress made in Fusseneger’s early research? A. A biological circuit was implanted in one of kidney cells. B. The indication of infectious substances became a reality. C. Engineered kidney cells could switch on biological reactions. D. Certain cells were made capable of performing mathematics 解析：首先找到定位词“Fussenegger’s early research”定位到文章第二段。文中原文 “ MartinFussenegger at ETH Zurish in Switzerland and his colleagues engineered two kidneycells to become a biological circuit capable of simple mathematics”因此前期研究是做出 了能够进行数学计算的细胞回路。所以答案选择 D。 答案：D 63. What has made Fussenegger’s current multi-cellular system so special? A. It has all the functions of a traditional electronic circuit B. It is programmable and able to perform different mathematics. C. It has successfully packed multiple calculations into a single cell. D. It has been tested through a series of experiments on animals. 解析：文中倒数第三段“These cells coordinate their activities by releasing chemicals thatpass from one to the other. Together, they form a fully biological circuit thatcan respond to multiple inputs.”因此 B 选项正确。A 选项显然错误。C 选项错误，文中“thesystem has nine cells”。D 选项错误文中“Althoughit is not at a stage yet where we can test on animals.” 答案：B 64. What is the best title for the passage? A. Smart cells indicating various cancers B. Electronic circuit made from multi-cells C. Programmable cells implanted in human bodies D. Biological computer made from human cells 解析：A 选项概括不全面，文中最后一段“A biological computer likethis could be used to monitor more complex medical conditions”二部仅仅是指示癌症。B 选项错误，应当是 biological circuit。C 选项错误，并没有移植。由排除法得 D 选项正确。 答案：D D According to Guglielmo Cavallo and Roger Chartier, reading aloud was a common practice in the ancient world, the Middle Ages, and as late as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Readers were “listeners attentive to a reading voice,” and “the text addressed to the ear as much as to the eye.” The significance of reading aloud continued well into the nineteenth century. Using Charles Dickens’s nineteenth century as a point of departure, it would be useful to look at the familial and social uses of reading aloud and reflect on the functional change of the practice. Dickens habitually read his work to a domestic audience or friends. In his later years he also read to a broader public crowd. Chapters of reading aloud also abound in Dickens’ own literary works. More importantly, he took into consideration the Victorian practice when composing his prose, so much so that his writing is meant to be heard, not only read on the page. Performing a literary text orally in a Victorian family is well documented. Apart from promoting a pleasant family relationship, reading aloud was also a means of protecting young people from the danger of solitary（孤独的） reading. Reading aloud was a tool for parental guidance. By means of reading aloud, parents could also introduced literature to their children, and as such the practice combined leisure and more serious purposes such as religious cultivation in the youths. Within the family, it was commonplace for the father to read aloud. Dickens read to his children: one of his surviving and often-reprinted photographs features him posing on a chair, reading to his two daughters. Reading aloud in the nineteenth century was as much a class phenomenon as a family affair, which points to a widespread belief that Victorian readership primarily meant a middle-class readership. Those who fell outside this group tended to be overlooked by Victorian publishers. Despite this, Dickens, with his publishers Chapman and Hall, managed to distribute literary reading materials to people from different social classes by reducing the price of novels. This was also made possible with the technological and mechanical advances in printing and the spread of railway networks at the time. Since the literacy level of this section of the population was still low before school attendance was made compulsory in 1870 by the Education Act, a considerable number of people from lower classes would listen to recitals of texts. Dickens’s readers, who were from such social backgrounds, might have heard Dickens in this manner. Several biographers of Dickens also draw attention to the fact that it was typical for his texts to be read aloud in Victorian England, and thus illiteracy was not an obstacle for reading Dickens. Reading was no longer a chiefly closeted form of entertainment practiced by the middle class at home. A working-class home was in many ways not convenient for reading: there were too many distractions, the lighting was bad, and the home was also often half a workhouse. As a result, the Victorians from the non-middle classes tended to find relaxation outside the home such as in parks and squares, which were ideal places for the public to go while away their limited leisure time. Reading aloud, in particular public reading, to some extent blurred the distinctions between classes. The Victorian middle class defined its identity through differences with other classes. Dickens’s popularity among readers from the non-middle classes contributed to the creation of a new class of readers who read through listening. Different readers of Dickens were not reading solitarily and “jealously”, to use Walter Benjamin’s term. Instead, they often enjoyed a more communal experience, an experience that is generally lacking in today’s world. Modern audiobooks can be considered a contemporary version of the practice. However, while the twentieth-and twentieth-first-century trend for individuals to listen to audiobooks keeps some characteristics of traditional reading aloud---such as “listeners attentive to a reading voice” and the ear being the focus---it is a far more solitary activity. 65. What does the author want to convey in Paragraph 1? A. The history of reading aloud. B. The significance of reading aloud. C. The development of reading practice. D. The roles of readers in reading practice. 解析：文中第一段主要在讲述中世纪和 16,17 世纪大声朗读的传统因此选 A。B 选项只 在最后一句提及了大声阅读的重要性甚至延续到了 19 世纪，但是并不是段落的重点。C 选 项错误，第一段没有提及阅读方式的发展，始终在提大声阅读。D 选项错误，无中生有，没 有提及。 答案：A 66. How did the practice of reading aloud influence Dickens’s works? A. He started to write for a broader public crowd. B. He included more readable contents in his novels. C. Scenes of reading aloud became common in his works D. His works were intended to be both heard and read. 解析：文中原文“More importantly, he took into consideration the Victorian practicewhen composing his prose, so much so that his writing is meant to be heard, notonly read on the page”， 所以答案选择 D。 答案：D 67. How many benefits did reading aloud bring to a Victorian family? A.2 B. 3 C. 4 D.5 解析：定位到文章第三段，好处有“promoting a pleasant family relationship”“ protect young people from the danger of solitary reading”“ parental guidance”， 因此好处一共有三点， 选择 B。parental guidance 后面的内容都是对其的具体阐述，并不是单独的好处。 答案：B 68.Where could a London steel worker possibly have gone to for reading? A. Working place. B. His/Her own house C.Nearby bookstores D. Trafalgar Square 解析：文中提及“A working-class home was in many ways not convenient for reading…” 所以不是家里。“tend to find relaxation outside the home such as in parks andsquares”所以答案 选择 D。 答案：D 69. What change did reading aloud bring to Victorian society? A. Different classes started to appreciate and read literary works together. B. People from lower social classes became accepted as middle-class. C. The differences between classes grew less significant than before. D. A non-class society in which everyone could read started to form. 解析：文中原文“Reading aloud, in particular public reading, to some extent blurredthe distinctions between classes”所以答案选择 C，阶级之间的不同比起之前变得不那么重要了。 答案：C 70. What is likely to be discussed after the last paragraph? A. New reading trends for individuals. B. The harm of modern audiobooks. C. The material for modern reading D. Reading aloud in contemporary societies. 解析：文中提出“it is a far more solitary activity”作者在这里指出了现代阅读的问题， 因此接下来作者很可能将继续讨论现代阅读造成的伤害，也就是孤独的阅读造成的伤害，所 以答案选择 B。 答案：B 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, forecasts that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value of $2.7 trn over the next 20 years. Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace. Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze, a people analytics software provider, combines data from its badges(工牌) with employees’ calendars and e-mails to work out say, whether office layouts favour teamwork. Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving. Employees will gain, too. Thanks to advance in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better. Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms(算法), if designed correctly, can be more unprejudiced. Software can flag patterns that people might miss. Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers, which can have unintended consequences. The length of a travel may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity. And surveillance(监控) may feel Orwellian----a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives. As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymised where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated(整合) form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers. The march of AI into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it chains employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt, and a strong dose of humanity. AI Spy Passage outline Supporting details Introduction While its future in business is full of (71)_______, AI affects the workplace negatively. Advantages of AI ● AI makes business more productive by analyzing the office layout, assessing the employee’s working efficiency and (72)_______ their behavior. ● AI can (73)______ employees’ safety and provide feedback for them to better themselves. ● AI helps businesses hire more suitable employees and develop a better (74)_______ of promotion and pay rise. Potential drawbacks of AI ● Undesirable results may arise due to the biases of the programmers. ● Poorer applicants and older staff are at a (75)_______. ● Employees’ privacy is (76)________ in the age of AI. Principles (77)______ AI’s spread ● Keep the data anonymous when they are gathered and used. ● (78)_______ employees of technologies used in the workplace and test the algorithms to avoid undesirable results. ● (79)_______ employees to access data for their own sake. Summary Only when employees and employers are (80)______ to adapt and respect each other, can AI make workplace fairer and more productive. 解析：71.定位到第二段首句，Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. AI 的前景 很好，但是对于工厂有不良的影响。 72.定位到第三段最后一句，Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.公司会监视员工是否打瞌睡或者行为不当，因此填 monitoring. 73.第四段第二行。AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and no one has been harmed on the floor.即 AI 可以保障工人的安全，确认他们穿着安全设备，不会受伤。因 此填写 guarantee 或 ensure. 74.结合第五段。末句讲到了人存在偏见而不是精确的算法，而软件可以解决这个问题， 也就是有一个更好的升职加薪系统。 75.第六段第三行末至第五行初，Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones ... 年长员工可能效率比年轻的低，容易被淘汰，处于弱势。 76.第六段末句，now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives.人们开始质疑脸书还有其他科技巨头对他们的私人生活 有多么了解，也就是说人们的隐私被侵犯，打扰。 77.第七段首句，three principles ought to guide its spread.三个原则需要来指导其扩散。注 意改变形式，作定语加 ing. 78.第七段第四行，Second...employees should be told what technologies are used in their workplaces and which dataare being gathered.员工需要被告知信息，这里考查固定搭配 inform sb. of sth. 79.第七段末句，Last，countries should let individuals use their own data...允许员工为了个 人需求访问这些数据.固定搭配 allow/permit sb. to do sth. 80.第八段末句，...require a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt...即管理 者和员工愿意互相接受和尊重。固定搭配 be willing to do sth. 答案： 71. promise/hope 72. monitoring 73. guarantee/ensure 74. system 75. disadvantage 76. violated/disturbed 77. guiding 78. Inform 79. Permit/Allow 80. willing 第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分） 81.请阅读下面短文，并按要求写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Culture is the crystal of a national character and soul. It is widely acknowledged that the Chinese culture is an important aspect of the country’s opening up and maintaining a close relationship with the rest of the world. Over the past five years, many international cultural events were held, such as the China Shanghai International Arts Festival, the Beijing Music Festival, the International Festival of Intangible Cultural Heritage Chengdu, the China Xinjiang International Dance Festival, and the Silk Road International Arts Festival. These activities have not only enhanced the relations between Chinese and international artists, but also provided them with good opportunities to learn from each other. Through international platforms like UNESCO, China has also strengthened its participation in multilateral cultural communication and cooperation. A series of policies for promoting Chinese culture overseas have reflected culture’s increasing importance, which also make clear our mission to improve the nation’s oft power by delivering a favorable impression of China to the world and promoting communication between people. [写作内容] 1.用约 30 个单词概述上面信息的主要内容； 2.用约 12 个单词就 Delivering Chinese culture to the world 这一话题发表你的看法。 （1）分析推广中国文化的意义； （2）提出推广中国文化的建议（至少两点）。 [写作要求] 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 3.不必写标题。 [评分标准] 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 解析：略。 答案： In the past five years, many international cultural events and the government policies hae highlighted culture’s increasing importance, which have boosted multilateral cultural exchange and promoted Chinese culture to the world. Where a nation’s power is concerned, culture is acknowledged as a key component. Promoting Chinese culture does not only benefit our nation’s development but also proves a must in the process of globalization. Delivering our culture to the world encourages cooperation between civilizations, which thus promotes mutual understanding. In order to push forward cultural exchange, new approaches should be explored to make further contributions towards promoting Chinese culture and meanwhile enhancing China’s soft power In terms of our government, the Belt and Road Initiative provides a platform for great chances. Combined efforts can be made through involvement in international cooperation. Also, more culture centers overseas can be established, presenting the essence of our culture and portraying national image.