高考英语二轮复习第2部分专题4去伪存真揭密短文改错 16页

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 去伪存真 揭密短文改错 第一节 立足整体——步步提升 高考短文改错题用以考查考生判断、发现、纠正语境中英语语言使用错误的能力，及考生在语篇角度上把握内容、查找行文逻辑的能力。因 此，仅仅把改错题视为对语法的考查，是对高考中短文改错的误解。 [命题规律——知趋向] 1．短文改错通常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。 2．错误类型有三种：多词、少词和错词。 在总题量 10 个小题中，其比例一般为 1∶1∶8，即 1 个多词、1 个少词、8 个错词。在错词中，多涉及动词、名词、形容词和副词；多词和 少词主要涉及冠词和介词等。 [解题技巧——明方法] 1．四要法 (1)要浏览全文，把握大意。 (2)要找出短文中的句号，把短文拆分成若干句子。短文改错不应按行去分析改错，而应以句子为单位进行断句改错。 (3)要认真分析句子结构，从“多、缺、错”三个方面入手，进行改错。 (4)要重新通读自己改正过的文章，进行检查。 2．四看法 (1)看每行或每句有无“一致性”错误：①主谓是否一致；②指代是否一致；③修饰语与被修饰语是否一致；④前后时态是否一致；⑤单复数 是否一致；⑥并列连词 and，or，but 等前后的形式是否一致。 (2)看每行或每句有无“搭配”错误：①动宾搭配；②动词与介词搭配；③介词与名词搭配；④固定短语等。 (3)看每行或每句有无“词法、语法”错误：①冠词 the，an，a 误用；②非谓语动词的误用；③引导词误用；④形容词与副词误用；⑤时态、 语态使用不当；⑥并列连词误用(and，but，or，so 等)；⑦名词单复数形式误用等。 (4)看每行或每句有无“逻辑意义”错误，如按照上下文意思本该用 push 的地方用了 pull。 [失分误区——晓缺陷] 1．对语法的基础知识掌握不准 2．不能正确分析句子结构 3．对固定结构识别不清楚 4．对上下文逻辑理解不清 5．未能把握文章整体意图 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉 及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 (2016·高考全国乙卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady. 答案及解析： My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that where I live.Though not very big， the restaurant is popular in our 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had have to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest honesty . Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or and high quality oil are using used for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our his business will grow steady steadily . 1．解析：句法错误。close to 后接宾语从句。I live 缺少地点状语，故用 where 引导宾语从句。 答案：that→where 2．解析：行文逻辑错误。though 与 but 不能用在同一个句子中。 答案：去掉 but 3．解析：句法错误。文章通篇用一般现在时，故将 had 改为 have。 答案：had→have 4．解析：词法错误。主语是 the key，与表语构成同位关系，并非对主语的描述，故用名词。 答案：honest→honesty 5．解析：行文逻辑错误。fresh vegetables 和 high quality oil 是并列关系，不是选择关系，故将 or 改为 and。 答案：or→and 6．解析：句法错误。fresh vegetables and high quality oil 与 use 是被动关系，故用被动语态。be used for 被用于。 答案：using→used 7．解析：词法错误。dream of doing sth.梦想做某事，是固定搭配。 答案：dreams 后加 of 8．解析：词法错误。in a short period of time 在短时间内，是固定短语。 答案：short 前面的 the→a 9．解析：行文逻辑错误。由 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant ...可知，餐馆是“我”叔叔的，故将 our 改为 his。 答案：our→his 10．解析：词法错误。grow 在此是实义动词并非连系动词，故用副词修饰。 答案：steady→steadily A Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such a experience when I was in junior school. I was doing bad in maths at that time.However hard I tried，I just couldn't catch up on others. I almost lost heart when we had a new maths teacher，Mr Hu. Now and then he talk with me，telling me the ways to learn maths and encourage me to keep on trying.Only then do I realize that I was not studying maths in scientific way. With his help，I was doing a little better gradual.One year later，I made amazed progress. I am always grateful to Mr Hu，without whom I would never have been adopted the proper approach to learning maths. 答案： Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such a an experience when I was in junior school. I was doing bad badly in maths at that time.However hard I tried，I just couldn't catch up on with others. I almost lost heart when we had a new maths teacher， Mr Hu. Now and then he talk talked with me，telling me the ways to learn maths and encourage encouraging me to keep on trying.Only then do did I realize that I was not studying maths in scientific way. With his help，I was doing a little better gradual gradually .One year later，I made amazed amazing progress. I am always grateful to Mr Hu，without whom I would never have adopted the proper approach to learning maths. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 B One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant，waited for the food I had ordered. Suddenly I noticed a man sitting at table near the window kept glancing at my direction.Finally he got away and went into the kitchen. When he came out， he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told me that the man was a detective (侦探). She thought I was the man he was looking for，because he came into the kitchen to check for it. Since everybody knew me， the staff told him that he had made a mistake. It's really luck I came to a restaurant that I am known. 答案： One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant， waited waiting for the food I had ordered. Suddenly I noticed a man sitting at table near the window kept glancing at in my direction.Finally he got away up and went into the kitchen. When he came out，he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told me that the man was a detective (侦探). She He thought I was the man he was looking for，because so he came into the kitchen to check it. Since everybody knew me， the staff told him that he had made a mistake. It's really luck lucky I came to a restaurant that where I am known. C Dear Mr Wang， I am a student who lives next to you. I'm writing to complain about the noise what your daughter made when she was playing the piano every night. As a senior school student，I'm so enthusiastic about my study that I'm always absorbing in it，and there is no doubt that a good sleep at night can contribute my study. However，neither I nor my parents could fall sleep every time there was a noise cause by the piano. I found I was so sleepy in my classes that it's hard for me to fix my attentions on study. It seemed that the noise was to blame. To prevent this from happen again，I would like to suggest you let your daughter put forward the time to practice the piano. We would appreciate that if you could take effective measures as soon as possibly. I am looking forward to you reply. Many thanks and best wishes! 答案： Dear Mr Wang， I am a student who lives next to you. I'm writing to complain about the noise what that/which your daughter made when she was playing the piano every night. As a senior school student，I'm so enthusiastic about my study that I'm always absorbing absorbed in it，and there is no doubt that a good sleep at night can contribute my study. However，neither I nor my parents could fall sleep asleep every time there was a noise cause caused by the piano. I found I was so sleepy in my classes that it's hard for me to fix my attentions attention on study. It seemed that the noise was to blame. To prevent this from happen happening again，I would like to suggest you let your daughter put forward the time to practice the piano. We would appreciate that it if you could take effective measures as soon as possibly possible . I am looking forward to you your reply. Many thanks and best wishes！ 第二节 细致入微——词法错误 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 1．词性的错用 答案：□1 easily □2 good □3 noisy □4 difficulty □5 growth □6 succeed 2．冠词的错用 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 答案：□1 an □2 a □3 a □4 the □5 an □6 the □7 a □8 the □9 the □10flowers 前的 the □11great fun 前的 a □12a □13a 3．名词数和格的错用 答案：□1 shoulders □2 goal □3 times □4 progress □5 deskmate's 4．代词的错用 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 答案：□1 it □2 their □3 our □4 yours □5 him □6 myself □7 something □8 much □9 another 5．形容词、副词以及比较等级的错用 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 答案：□1 clearly/well □2 hard □3 Sometimes □4 best □5 more □6 more 6．介词的错用 答案：□1 in □2 over □3 at □4 in □5 with □6 in □7 for □8 in 7．谓语动词的错用——时态、语态以及虚拟语气 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 答案：□1 told □2 have □3 looked 或其前的 were □4 drunk □5 were □6 be □7 paid □8 should 8．非谓语动词的错用 答案：□1 her 后的 to □2 to □3 sitting □4 singing □5 Feeling □6 tired □7 understand □8 seeing Ⅰ.单句改错 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 1．I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person. 2．With coming of spring，grass and trees turn green. 3．(2016·江西八所重点中学 4 月联考)We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day. 4．(2016·浙江温州联考)One Monday afternoon，we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 5．I just smiled to me and thought，“What can I do？” 6．It was the first time that an English Corner had held in our school. 7．Growing up is not easy.Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 8．The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. 9．When a young man starts to earn his own living，he can no longer expect others to pay his food. 10．The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light. 1．解析：as 后加 a。冠词的漏用。单数名词前如果没有其他限定词出现，一般要用不定冠词。 2．解析：with 后加 the。冠词的漏用。coming 用作名词，需加定冠词 the，如 the making of paper。 3．答案：kind→kindness。 4．答案：去掉 basketball 前的 the。 5．解析：me→myself。smile to oneself 意为“自己暗暗地笑”，是固定用法，这是代词使用不当。 6．答案：held 前加 been。 7．解析：need→needed。语态的误用。此处应为被动语态。 8．解析：keeps→keeping。句中 keeping the balloon up 作定语，修饰 the air，与 the air 是主谓关系。 9．解析：pay 后加 for。pay for sth.为固定结构，意为“支付……”。 10．解析：light→lighter。比较等级的误用。根据文意，两个人把所有的装备都扔进水里是为了让气球比原来更轻，故用比较级。 Ⅱ.短文改错 Test 1 This morning on my way school I was deeply moved by what I saw outside a bank.An old man was counting his money in the front of the bank while suddenly a young man came running and knocked him down.To make things bad，his money was lying in all directions.In no time the people around rushed to pick the money up while the old man stood here，not know what to do.Surprisingly，everyone gives back the money they just had picked up.The old man counted the money again and found that not a single bill was missed.To my great joy，there are now a lot of nice people in your life.It's true that honest is more important than money! 答案： This morning on my way school I was deeply moved by what I saw outside a bank.An old man was counting his money in front of the bank while when suddenly a young man came running and knocked him down.To make things bad worse ，his money was lying in all directions.In no time the people around rushed to pick the money up while the old man stood here there ，not know knowing what to do.Surprisingly， everyone gives gave back the money they just had picked up.The old man counted the money again and found that not a single bill was missed missing .To my great joy，there are now a lot of nice people in your our life.It's true that honest honesty is more important than money! Test 2 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 I'm very grateful to my English teacher.In the past，my biggest shortcoming used to being carelessness，that worried me a lot.To make matters worse，I was so anxious to seek the fundamental reason in my failure.I just devoted me to huge amounts of practice， not paying attention to repeated mistakes.Fortunately，my teacher noticed it and offers to have a long talk with me.She gave me lots of advices on how to get rid of it.After I was persuading to change my attitude，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well as.It was the support she had given me made me what I'm today. 答案： I'm very grateful to my English teacher.In the past，my biggest shortcoming used to being be carelessness， that which worried me a lot.To make matters worse，I was so too anxious to seek the fundamental reason in for my failure.I just devoted me myself to huge amounts of practice， not paying attention to repeated mistakes. Fortunately，my teacher noticed it and offers offered to have a long talk with me.She gave me lots of advices advice on how to get rid of it.After I was persuading persuaded to change my attitude，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well .It was the support she had given me made me what I'm today. 第三节 斟酌语句——句法错误 1．主谓一致错误 答案：□1 looks □2 has □3 has □4 has □5 am □6 am □7 was □8 is 2．连词错误 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 答案：□1 and □2 but □3 which □4 where □5 who □6 thinking □7 Though/Although □8 when □9 until □10since □11that □12where □13what □14what □15that □16that 3．句子成分赘余 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 答案：□1 very □2 far □3 it □4 there □5 but □6 yet □7 when 4．平行结构错误 答案：□1 try □2 sit 5．句子粘连错误 答案：□1 which □2 and 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 Ⅰ.单句改错 1．Last summer，I went to Beijing，my first time trip to the city. 2．Two years later，he returned back home. 3．30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job. 4．They wanted one child or another to come out and played. 5．Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to the man who were helping him to repair it. 6．But then there is always more mysteries to look into. 7．Being a qualified teacher need a lot of practice and training. 8．Because the help you gave me that summer，my life changed. 9．I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 10．Study hard，you'll make great progress. 1．解析：去掉 time。time 一词多余，first 即可表达“第一次”。 2．解析：去掉 back。return 即可表达“归来”之意。 3．解析：when→while。句中表达的是男生和女生愿意当老师的人数的对比，因此用 while。 4．解析：played→play。play 和前面的 come out 为并列的动词。 5．解析：were→was。先行词 the man 是单数，因此定语从句的谓语动词也为单数。 6．解析：is→are。后面的 mysteries 为复数形式。 7．解析：need→needs。动名词作主语谓语动词一般用单数。 8．解析：Because 后加 of。连词与介词的混用。because of 后可接名词，而 because 只能接句子。 9．解析：but→and。根据句意，此处无转折意义。 10．解析：逗号后加 and/Study→Studying。逗号前后是两个简单句，中间需加连词。另外，先后两句话为顺承关系，因此在逗号后加连词 and。或者把 Study 改为 Studying，用 v.ing 作状语。 Ⅱ.短文改错 Test 1 When I am a kid，I never had any problems watching some cartoons. It was so many fun and a great education too. Mickey Mouse， Donald Duck，Tom and Jerry were my idols. Even now I really feel that they are worth watched at any age. The problem I've found is the cartoons in present. Some of them contains something ugly. If you are expecting to teach your kids good manner and behavior，then they are the worst for your kids to watch. If your kid is fan of such cartoons，he or she will follow his or her favorite cartoon character and try to do something extreme dangerous. Therefore，try not to let your kids to watch too many today's cartoons. Make sure to keep an eye on that they are watching. 答案： When I am was a kid，I never had any problems watching some cartoons. It was so many much fun and a great education too. Mickey Mouse， Donald Duck，Tom and Jerry were my idols. Even now I really feel that they are worth watched watching at any age. The problem I've found is the cartoons in at present. Some of them contains contain something ugly. If you are expecting to teach your 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 kids good manner manners and behavior，then they are the worst for your kids to watch. If your kid is fan of such cartoons，he or she will follow his or her favorite cartoon character and try to do something extreme extremely dangerous. Therefore，try not to let your kids watch too many today's cartoons. Make sure to keep an eye on that what they are watching. Test 2 Dear Diana， Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Anne's friend，Gina. Unfortunate，the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and，for a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents' and made our own way to home. 答案： Dear Diana， Thank you for the lovely day we have had with you. It was so kind for of you to let us bring Anne's friend，Gina. Unfortunate Unfortunately ， the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and，for as a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile miles . In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there unless until/till the road was clear. In the car park here there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They We finally dropped Gina off at her parents' and made our own way home. 第四节 前后推敲——语篇型错误 1．上下文中时态不一致 答案：□1 was □2 are 2．上下文中代词指代不一致 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 15 答案：□1 its/the □2 None 3．上下文中行文逻辑不一致 答案：□1 could 后的 not □2 After Ⅰ.单句改错 1．We must find ways to protect your environment. 2．I read your email to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me. 3．Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easygoing. 4．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening to music. 5．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ)When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there. 6．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 7．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ)There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 8．Today is Tom's 70th birthday，but his sons didn't care for him on this special day. 1．解析：your→our/the。前后代词指代需一致，前面用 we，因此后面作定语的应用 our。 2．解析：去掉 it。you sent to me 是定语从句，关系代词为 that 和 which，在句中作宾语，故不能再使用代词 it。 3．解析：去掉 it。动词 feel 的宾语是 that 引导的宾语从句，而 it 不是形式宾语(如果是形式宾语，其后应接形容词)。 4．解析：sat→sit。此处 sit 和前面的 lie 是并列关系。根据上下文及此处 lie 所用的动词时态形式可知，应把过去式 sat 改为一般现在时 sit。 5．解析：think→thought。前句是一般过去时，且本复合句的从句用了过去将来时，故此处应用一般过去时，以符合“时态一致”原则。小 时候，我希望在城市里居住。我原以为在那里我会很幸福。是过去以为，要用一般过去时态。 6．解析：删除 shown 前的 been。此处表示“研究表明”，所以用主动语态。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 16 7．解析：or→and。乡村的空气是干净的，大山是翠绿翠绿的。前后是并列关系。 8．解析：didn't→don't。由前半部分可知，此处应用一般现在时。 Ⅱ.短文改错 Test 1 (2016·河北邢台高三摸底考试) Last Saturday，Mum gave me two ticket for a film.Although she was too busy to go with me，she told me to sell the extra ticket if possibly.At the gate of the cinema I met a handsome young man who was offered to have them， but he had only a 100yuan note.He asked me to wait a moment for him change it in the cinema’s store.Without much thinking，I agreed.He walked so fast that I could hard keep up for him.Soon he disappeared，and I stood there without knowing how to do.Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow has cheated me.He had saved money，but lost his honor. 答案： Last Saturday，Mum gave me two ticket tickets for a film. Although As/Because she was too busy to go with me，she told me to sell the extra ticket if possibly possible .At the gate of the cinema I met a handsome young man who offered to have them it ，but he had only a 100yuan note. He asked me to wait a moment for him change it in the cinema’s store.Without much thinking，I agreed.He walked so fast that I could hard hardly keep up for with him.Soon he disappeared，and I stood there without knowing how what to do.Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow has had cheated me.He had saved money，but lost his honor. Test 2 I am glad that our newlybuilt electronic reading room will put into use soon. Here are my suggestions: Since the ereading room is larger enough，I think it should be access to all the students. In order to suit the students' timetable，that is better to be open from 6：00 a．m. to 10：00 p．m. from Monday to Friday or 7: 00 a．m. to 10: 00 p．m. at weekends. As for the books to be stored，we are very interested in reference book about all subjects they are learning. Besides，we also welcomed different types of dictionaries，novels，magazines and newspapers，so that we can have a wide range of reading to choose. Once when in the reading room，the students are required to keep the room clean. Chatting and drinking are not allowed in the reading room. 答案： I am glad that our newlybuilt electronic reading room will put into use soon. Here are my suggestions: Since the e reading room is larger large enough，I think it should be access accessible to all the students. In order to suit the students' timetable，that it is better to be open from 6：00 a．m. to 10：00 p．m. from Monday to Friday or and 7: 00 a．m. to 10: 00 p．m. at weekends. As for the books to be stored，we are very interested in reference book books about all subjects they we are learning. Besides，we also welcomed welcome different types of dictionaries，novels，magazines and newspapers，so that we can have a wide range of reading to choose ． Once in the reading room，the students are required to keep the room clean. Chatting and drinking are not allowed in the reading room.