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专题9名词性从句
题型
高考真题
命题解读
语法填空
1. (2019全国一卷61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2. (2018北京卷11) Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
3. (2015全国二卷70) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be make the cycle work on most days.
语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在对引导词的选择上，其中what、that、how、if与whether是考查的重点。
短文改错
1. (2016全国一卷) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that→ where I live.
2. (2016全国二卷) My classmates and I are talking about how→ what to do during the holiday.
3. (2015全国二卷) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where→ that/去掉where his parents were missing.
1. 从属连词与副词之间的错用；
2. 连接代词（what、which、who等）之间的错用；
3. 从属连词that与连词代词（尤其是what）之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；
4. 从属连词that的缺失或多余。
名词性从句与语法填空
名词性从句与短文改错
1.
1.
首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。
1. 判断从句中的连接词。
(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用 whether/if;若句意完整，则用that；
(2)若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用连接代词；
(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
2. 另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如 whether、 because、asif等)的用法。
首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型。
1. 检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与 which、 which与what、if与 whether。
2. 检查连接词是否缺失。
3. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
4. 检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致。
5. 检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it是否缺失。
必备知识梳理
考点一主语从句：
一． 引导主语从句的连接词：
从属连词that、whether、迁;连接代词what、who、whom、whose、whatever、 whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how、 whenever等。
Thatthey were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
Whatstruck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
二． it作形式主语的主语从句：
主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：
(1)It+be+形容词( necessary/likely// important/ uncertain等)+主语从句
(2)It+be+名词(短语)( a pity/ no wonder/ no surprise等)+主语从句
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/ reported/ decided/ believed等)+主语从句
(4)1t+不及物动词( seems/ appears/ happens等)+主语从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring aboutalthough about two thousand patients have taken it.
It’s no surprise thatour team has won the game.
It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.
考点二宾语从句：
一． 引导宾语从句的连接词
从属连词that、whether、if；连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等。从句用陈述句语序。
(2016浙江卷阅读七选五) Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.
We promise whoeverattends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
(2017天津卷完形填空) I came to believethat I could do nothing about my weight.
In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important.
二． it作形式宾语的宾语从句
(1) 一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用让作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、 feel， think、 consider、 believe、 guess， suppose、make等。
He has made it clear thatthe meeting will not be postponed.
(2) 动词hate、like、dislike、 appreciate、 enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”时以及动词短语 see to、 depend on、 rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
考点三表语从句：
一． 引导表语从句的连接词
从属连词that、 whether；连接代词what、who、 whose、 whatever、 whichever、 whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等。从句用陈述句语序。
I’d like to start my own business---that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
二． as if/as though引导的表语从句
as if/ as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem、look、taste、 sound、feel、 appear等系动词之后。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as ifa great black blanket had been thrown over it.
一． because、why引导的表语从句
because，why也可引导表语从句，但 because引导的表语从句主语不能是 reason或 cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型
This/ That is/ was why…这/那是……的原因
This/ That is/ was because…这/那是因为……
The reason why.is/ was that…的原因是……
From space, the earth looks blue. This is becauseabout seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was toocareless.
考点四同位语从句：
一. 引导同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用 whether、when、 where、why、how等引导。
He stood by his belief that the problem wasn’t serious.
I’ve no idea where his birthday party will be held.
二．接同位语从句常见的名词
接同位语从句的常见名词:fact、news、 idea、 truth、hope、 problem、 information、 belief、 thought、 doubt、promise、question等。
He broke his promise that he shall buy me a gift.
He started the project with the thought that they would help him.
三．分隔式同位语从句
分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
The news came that the mayor would come to visit our school.
易错提示1
that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that在名词性从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，…的事情，什么样的”。that引导宾语从句有时可以省略，引导其他名词性从句一般不省略，what引导名词性从句都不能省略。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
易错提示2
whether和if的区分，下列情况一般使用 whether
(1)当主语从句位于句首时，常用 whether引导，而不用if；
(2)当if作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或 whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后直接接ornot时，常用 whether；
(3)引导表语从句和同位语从句；
(4)引导介词的宾语从句。
易错提示3
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别
that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分;如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用 which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
The fact that he was hurt surprised me. (同位语从句，that后为fact的内容，不能省)
The fact that he told me surprised me. (定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)
A卷真题卷
单句填空题
1. ______________ you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.
2. Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use______________ he taught me.
3. Adults understand ______________ it feels like to be flooded with objects.
4. I’m not sure______________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
1. We now realize______________ important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.
2. The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about ______________ to do during the holiday.
3. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. ______________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
4. The journey was intended to achieve more than ______________ Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
5. The gold medal will be awarded to______________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
6. This is______________ my father has taught me---to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
7. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ______________ we arrived.
8. Every year, ______________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
9. She asked me______________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
10. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of______________ it used to charge.
11. Your support is important to our work. ______________ you can do helps.
12. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is______________ one can be entirely free from dust.
13. It is often the case______________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
14. ______________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
15. You have to know______________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
16. ______________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
17. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate______________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water
1. We must find out______________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
2. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not______________ ships are built for.
3. 一I wonder______________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
一By working out every day.
4. ______________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
5. I think______________impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
6. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is______________ my mother used to tell me.
7. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s______________I was born.”
8. As John Lennon once said, life is ______________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
9. 一Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
一Yeah, but I have no idea ______________he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
答案解析：
1. Whether 根据语境及后面的or可知，whether…or…引导的是状语从句；
2. what分析句子结构可知，动词use后为宾语从句，从句的谓语动词taught也缺直接宾语，故用what引导宾语从句；
3. what 分析句子结构可知，动词understand后为宾语从句，从句中的feel like也缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句；
4. who/which 分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中做主语；
5. how分析句子结构可知，此句是宾语从句。从句中的important为形容词需要用how来修饰；
6. what about缺宾语，后面的to do也缺宾语，所以用what；
7. Whoever此处whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示无论谁；
8. what 分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作had done的宾语，故用what；
9. whoever分析句子结构可知，空格处作be awarded to的宾语，同时在后面的从句作主语，指人；
10. what分析句子结构可知，此句是表语从句，空格处在从句中作teach的宾语，应用what 引导；
1. how 分析句子结构可知，how在表语从句中作方式状语；
2. whoever 分析句子结构可知，主语从句中缺少主语，且指人，结合语境，表示任何一个人；
3. whether/if asked有疑问的意思，连词此处引导宾语从句；
4. what分析句子结构可知，介词of后跟名词或从句构成介词宾语，动词charge无宾语，故用what；
5. Whatever 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中的动词do缺少宾语；
6. that 分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句不缺少成分，且句意完整；
7. that本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故用that引导；
8. Where 主语从句中的空格处缺少地点状语，故用where；
9. where 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，缺少地点状语，故用where；、
10. How 分析句子结构可知，主语从句中缺少方式状语，故用how；
11. what 分析句子结构可知，此处要用what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作主语；
12. when 根据语境可知，when引导宾语从句，在从句中作时间状语；
13. what 空格处引导表语从句，从句中的for缺少宾语，what与for连用，表目的；
14. how 根据答语可知，此处的how引导宾语从句；
15. When 根据语境可知，此处用when引导主语从句；
16. what 分析句子结构可知，空格处在宾语从句中引导主语从句，且指物；
17. what 分析句子结构可知，此处应用what引导表语从句；
18. where 分析句子结构可知，where在表语从句中作地点状语；
19. what分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，在从句中作主语，且指物；
20. why 分析句子结构和根据语境可知，空格处引导同位语从句，在从句中作原因状语，故用why。
单句改错题
1. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing what she was heading.
2. The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
答案解析：
1. what→ where 此处应用where引导宾语从句，在从句中地点状语，表示不知道往哪里走；
2. suggestion 后加that suggestion后为其内容，应添加that引导同位语从句且不可省略。
B卷模拟卷
单句填空题
1. When I walked on the street, I wanted to say______________ clean the streets were.
2. It is said______________ he is focusing on a book on space exploration.
3. The happiest people enjoy______________ each age gives them.
4. Only you know______________ isthe best for you.
5. I had no idea of______________ a stagemanager actually did.
6. Experts aren’t still sure exactly how dreams work, but what is certain is______________ theyare necessary for our mental health and that everyone has dreams.
7. ______________ astonishes us is thatAlphaGo defeated the human champion.
8. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, they are too serious and too strict with their children, and______________ they seldom give their children freedom.
9. When you are reading, make a note of______________you think is of great importance.
10. His writing is so confusingthat it’s difficult to make out______________ it is that he is trying to express.
11. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to______________ the head is and cut it off.
12. People who visited me used toask me______________ I could sleep, “Doesn’t the sound of thetraffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise?”
13. That is______________ the eaglelearned to believe.
14. That just goes to show that as a matter of fact when you really love a person youdon’t care______________ nationality he or she is.
15. You know______________teenagegirls are like.
1. I didn’t know ______________ he was at home instead of my mother.
2. One concern relates to a lack of control over______________ appears both on the Internet andtelevision.
3. Growing evidence shows______________ exercising won’t protect us if we sit too much.
4. ______________ parents say and do usually has a life-long effect on their children.
5. Home is ______________ we complain the most, but are often treated the best.
参考答案:
1. how;
2. that;
3. what/whatever;
4. what;
5. what;
6. that;
7. What;
8. that;
9. what;
10. what;
11. where;
12. how;
13. what;
14. what;
15. what;
16. why;
17. what;
18. that;
19. What;
20. where
单句改错题
1. What he really means is what he disagrees with us.
2. But the sales girl didn’t understand that the foreigner was saying.
3. There is no doubt whether the future belongs to the young.
4. I don’t know if or not he likes it.
5. Father made a promise what if I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.
6. The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line.
7. Mr Black is willing to do that Mrs Black tells him to do.
8. The problem is more and more young people are getting into the habit of smoking.
9. The reason why he failed in the exam was because he wastoo careless.
10. I have no idea that he will be back.
参考答案:
1. 第二个what→that;
2. that→what;
3. whether→that;
4. if→whether;
5. what→that;
6. that→when;
7. that→what;
8. is后加that;
9. because→that;
10. that→when.
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