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Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section D Listening and Talking
,
Reading
for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
核心词汇
词汇一
eager
adj.
热切的;渴望
◆教材原句
I was
eager
/surprised to see/learn/hear that...
我急于
/
惊讶地看到
/
了解
/
听说
……
◆要点必记
be eager to do sth.
渴望做某事
be eager for sth.
渴求某事物
be eager in
热衷于
◆词语辨析
eager
与
anxious
·
eager
强调期望或渴望;
·
anxious
强调焦急、担心。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The little girl
,
who is helped by the Project Hope
,
is eager
knowledge and eager
(
make
)
progress
,
so she is eager
her study and is always praised by her teachers.
◆辨析填空(
eager/anxious
)
(
2
)
She is
to go to college
,
but
about not passing the college entrance examination.
for
to make
in
eager
anxious
词汇二
have an influence on/upon
对
……
有影响
◆教材原句
Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always
had a great influence on
its people and
traditions.
爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统有很大的影响。
◆要点必记
have a bad influence on
对
……
有不好的影响
influence sb. /sth.
影响某人
/
某事
◆归纳拓展
affect sb. /sth.
影响某人
/
某事
have an effect/impact on/upon
对
……
有影响
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Confucius’ philosophy
has a great influence
Chinese culture.
(
2
)
You can’t imagine the influence you have
me.
(
3
)
His teaching methods still have a strong effect
young people.
◆一句多译
那本书极大地影响了她。
(
4
)
The book
.
(
5
)
The book
.
on/upon
on/upon
on/upon
has a great influence/effect/impact on/upon her
influences/affects her greatly
词汇三
make up
(
1
)构成,形成 (
2
)虚构,编造 (
3
)和解,言归于好 (
4
)补足,凑足 (
5
)化妆,打扮
◆教材原句
And down by the sea
,
the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds
make up
the music of the coast.
在大海的深处,海浪的轰鸣声和海鸟的叫声构成了海岸的音乐。
◆要点必记
(
1
)部分
+ make up +
整体
=
整体
+ be made up of +
部分
(
2
)
make up for
补偿
make out
辨认出;明白,理解
make it
及时到达;取得成功
make the best of
充分利用
make up one’s mind
下定决心
make good / full use of
好好
/
充分利用
◆写出下列句中
make up
的意思
(
1
)
Different qualities
make up
a person’s character.
(
2
)
The company will be forced to pay 6 million dollars to
make up
the difference.
(
3
)
She spent two hours
making
herself
up
before the party.
(
4
)
He
made up
a song in memory of the hero.
(
5
)
Have you
made up
with Patty yet?
◆单句写作(
6
)
We need two more volunteers to
(组成一个团队)
.
(
7
)
Our class
(由
……
构成)
fifty students.
组成,构成
补足,凑足
化妆
创作
和好
make up a team
is made up of
词汇四
greet
vt.
(
1
)问候 (
2
)迎接 (
3
)映入
……
的眼帘;传入
……
的耳中
/
鼻中
◆教材原句
...birds
greet
the new day with their morning song
.……
鸟儿们用它们的晨歌迎接新的 一天。
◆要点必记
greet sb. with
用
……
向某人打招呼
/
问候某人
◆词语积累
greeting
n.
问候,招呼,致意(常用复数形式
greetings
表示“问候语,贺词”)
send greetings to sb.
向某人致意
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
His appearance on the platform was greeted
a burst of applause.
(
2
)
We are
(
greet
)
by an entertaining view of the sea.
(
3
)
Lily sends greetings
her teachers every Teachers’ Day.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
Whenever I met her
,
which was fairly often
,
she
(用
……
跟我打招呼)
a sweet smile.
(
5
)
Please
(代我问候
……
)
your parents.
with
greeted
to
greeted me with
send my greetings to
词汇五
custom
n.
风俗;习俗;习惯
◆教材原句
What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and
customs
?
体验中国传统和习俗的最好方式是什么?
◆要点必记
customs and habits
风俗习惯
an old/ancient custom
旧的
/
古老的习俗
a local custom
当地的风俗习惯
It’s the custom
(
for sb.
)
to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是一种习俗。
◆误区警示
复数
customs
还专指“海关”。
a customs officer
海关官员
◆词语辨析:
custom
与
habit
·
custom
多指社会的“风俗,习俗”,表示 “ 习惯”时,与
habit
同义;
·
habit
指个人的“习惯”。
eating habits
饮食习惯
◆单句写作
(
1
)
It
(已经变成一个习俗)
to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
(
2
)
(对中国人来说
……
是一种习俗)
to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival to get rid of ill fortune.
◆
辨析填空(
custom/habit
)
(
3
)
The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is a
.
(
4
)
He has formed a bad
of smoking since an early age.
(
5
)
There is a nice
in the area. That’s to say
,
people have formed the
of getting together to celebrate the harvest.
has become a custom
It is a custom for Chinese people
custom
habit
custom
habit
词汇六
crowd
(
1
)
n.
人群;一群人;民众 (
2
)
vt.
挤满;使
……
拥挤
◆教材原句
Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very
crowded
.
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
◆要点必记
a crowd of/crowds of
一群;许多
crowd into...
挤进
……
crowd in
(
on sb.
)(想法、问题等)涌上(某人心头),涌入(某人脑海)
be crowded with
充满
……
,满是
……
◆一言助记
The crowd crowded into
the stadium which
was crowded with
audience.
人群挤进体育馆里,里面挤满了观众。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
Hundreds of people crowded
the nearby church for the wedding.
(
2
)
Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding
on her.
(
3
)
In
(
crowd
)
places like airports and railway stations
,
you must take care of your luggage
(行李)
.
(
4
)
The studio was
(
crowd
)
with visitors.
◆单句写作
(
5
)[词汇复现]
In the
courtyard
of a farmhouse
,
there is a
herd
of
cattle
and
(一群人)
.
(
6
)
My father warned me against going to the west coast because it
(满是)
tourists.
into
in
crowded
crowded
a crowd of people
was crowded with
重点句式
句式一 口语交际:表达兴奋、惊讶和失望(
Expressing excitement
,
surprise and disappointment
)
◆要点必记
Wow!
哇!
I had no idea...
我不知道
……
I didn’t know...
我不知道
……
I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...
我急于
/
惊讶地看到
/
了解
/
听说
……
It was so much fun!
太有趣了
! It was a little disappointing.
有点令人失望。
It wasn’t as good/interesting/fun as I’d expected.
它没有我想象得那么好
/
有趣
/
有趣。
All my effort went down the drain.
我所有的努力都白费了。
I was so looking forward to...
原来我还一直盼望
……
◆单句写作
(
1
) 我兴奋得睡不着觉。
______________________________________
(
2
) “你得了冠军。”“我真不敢相信!”
—You won the championship. — ______________________
(
3
) 我简直不能相信自己的耳朵了!
__________________________________________
(
4
) 那不可能是真的!
________________________________________
(
5
) 太可惜了!
___________________________________
I’m too excited to go to sleep.
I can’t believe it!
I could hardly believe my ears!
It can’t be true!/It’s impossible!
What a pity/shame!
句式二
while
连接的并列句
◆教材原句
On a quiet morning in the mountains
,
feel the sun on your skin
,
and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers
while
birds greet the new day with their morning song.
在一个安静的早晨,在山间感受太阳照在你的皮肤上,呼吸清新的花香,而鸟儿们用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
while
可作并列连词,意为“而,然而”, 表前后意义上的对比或转折;
(
2
)
while
可作从属连词,引导时间状语 从句,意为“当
……
时候”;
(
3
)
while
可作从属连词,引导让步状语 从句,意为“尽管”,常常放于句首。
◆词语辨析
while
,
when
与
as
·
while
表示一段时间和某一过程,必须跟延续性动词;
·
when
既可以表示时间段,也可以表示时间点。从句动词可以是瞬间性的,也可以是持续性
的;
·
as
表示两个动作同时进行,有时有伴随意味,可译为“一边
……
一边”。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
He was still studying
the others were sleeping.
(
2
)
Doing the same kind of work
,
some people are relaxed
others think it stressful.
(
3
)
I am willing to help
,
I do not have much time.
(
4
)
He fell asleep
he was doing his homework.
(
5
)
In some countries
,
people eat with chopsticks
,
in other countries
,
knives and forks.
while
while
While/Although/Though
while/when/ as
while
◆辨析填空(
while/when/as
)
(
6
)
I was walking down the street
,
I noticed a police car in front of the store.
(
7
)
John arrived
,
I was reading a novel.
(
8
)
I was wandering through the street
I caught sight of a shop.
◆单句写作
(
9
)
I’m good at playing table tennis
,
(而我弟弟篮球打得好)
.
(
10
)
(虽然我承认这些问题很难),
I don’t agree that they cannot be settled.
When/While/As
When
When
while my brother plays basketball well
While/Although/Though I admit the problems are difficult
句式三
it
作形式主语
◆教材原句
With all this beauty
,
it is not surprising that
Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music
,
dancing
,
and dining.
有了这些美景,爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为 奇了。
◆句法分析 句中
it
是形式主语,
that
引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
◆要点必记 在
it
作形式主语的句子中,真正的主语可以是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。
·
It is +
adj.
/
n.
+
从句 做某事是
……
的。
·
It is +
adj.
/
n.
+ to do sth.
做某事是
……
的。
·
It is +
adj.
+ for/of sb. to do sth.
做某事对于某人来说是
……
的。
·
It is no use/good doing sth.
做某事是没有用
/
好处的。
·
It is said/reported/believed that...
据说
/
据报道
/
人们认为
……
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The doctor thought
would be good for you to have a holiday.
(
2
)
It’s impolite
(
speak
)
when you’re eating. You should avoid this kind of behaviour.
(
3
)
It is no use
(
argue
)
with Bill because he will never admit his mistakes.
(
4
)
It is very important for us
(
keep
)
a good relationship with our teachers.
(
5
)
It is obvious to the students
they should get well prepared for their future.
(
6
)[
2018·
浙江卷]
Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap
can be to eat out.
it
to speak
arguing
to keep
that
it
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