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第一编 综合能力再提升
一、阅读理解
题型一 细节理解题
语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅰ·A篇 语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：暑假工作
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15－18 years old in select communities (社区)．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15－29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
1．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment.
B．It provides awards for running new businesses.
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D．It offers more summer job opportunities.
2．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A．15－18. B．15－24.
C．15－29. D．16－17.
3．Which program favors the disabled?
A．Jobs for Youth.
B．Summer Company.
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D．Summer Employment Opportunities.
解答广告、旅游信息、演出信息、工作介绍等应用文的关键是题干，采用题干定位法。
题1：题干定位：根据题干中的关键词“Summer Company”，可定位到
Summer Company一段。文中关键句为“Summer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”运用同义替换，判断出 “run their own summer businesses”相当于“running new businesses”。选B。
题2：题干中的关键词是 “Stewardship Youth Ranger Program”，由文中“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，雇佣时的年龄要在16到17岁，且在12月31日前不能超过18岁。选D。
题3：题干中关键词是“the disabled”，可以替换为“persons with a disability”。由“Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，“Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)”项目有利于残疾人找工作。选D。
考法1 事实细节题——“题干定位”法
典例片段 (2019·江西重点盟校模考)Here are our suggestions for keeping busy this week. Dive in！
...
Get scientific in London
Experience the latest, best and most challenging science covering all areas of our lives and universe at New Science Live at ExCel London. New Scientist Live is a fourday festival full of ideas and discoveries from the team behind the world's most popular science weekly magazine, featuring four zones—Brain& Body, Technology, Earth and Universe—as well as talks from experts and over 200 exhibitors.
What is true about New Scientist Live？
A.A science weekly magazine.
B.A festival where ideas and discoveries are shared.
C.A festival to celebrate great scientists.
D.An exhibition to show scientific discoveries.
第一步 题干定位：
题干中的关键词是“New Scientist Live”。
第二步 锁定信息：
文中信息是“New Scientist Live is a fourday festival full of ideas and discoveries”。
第三步 分析对比：
文中信息与选项B中的信息“festival”和“ideas and discoveries”相匹配，故选B。
考法2 间接信息题——“断章取义”法
典例片段 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ，A篇) Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D．C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？
A.Meet famous people.
B.Go to a national park.
C.Visit wellknown museums.
D.Enjoy interesting stories.
第一步 锁定关键词：
题干中的关键词是“Capital City Bike Tour”。
第二步 定位相关信息：
文中信息是“entertain you with the most interesting stories”。
第三步 分析对比：
文中“entertain you with the most interesting stories”与选项D中的信息“Enjoy interesting stories”相匹配，是同义替换，故选D。
考法3 数字计算题——“加减乘除”法
典例片段 (2019·重庆模考)You can visit as many attractions as you want—even more with the time saved with fast track entry. You don't need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spending.
New York Pass Prices：
Offer Ends: Fri. 13 Feb. 2016
Product
Price
1 Day Adult Pass
$75
1 Day Child Pass
$55
2 Day Adult Pass
$110
2 Day Child Pass
$90
3 Day Adult Pass
$112
3 Day Child Pass
$96
7 Day Adult Pass
$144
7 Day Child Pass
$112
Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January in 2016, how much should he pay for the New York Pass?
A.$520. B．$420.
C.$380. D．$304.
第一步 题干定位：
题干中的关键词是“Jack and his two kids”“three days”和“in January”。内容考查观光价格。
第二步 锁定信息：
文中信息是表格中的“3 Day Adult Pass”和“3 Day Child Pass”，2月13号之前成人价格优惠到$112；儿童价格是$96。
第三步 正确计算：
一个成人$112，加上两个儿童$96乘以2，共计$304，故选D。
考法4 事件排序题——“首尾定位”法
典例片段 (2019·湖北七市联考)Recently, a 1935 letter in which Ernest Hemingway detailed his catch of a 500lb blue marlin (青枪鱼), an adventure that is believed to have partly inspired his novel The Old Man and the Sea, has been sold for $28,000 (￡22,000).
...
Nate D Sanders, the auction (拍卖) company which sold the letter, said it documented for the first time in Hemingway's own words not only the size of the marlin, but also the attack by sharks, reflecting the plot of the novel.
...
The Old Man and the Sea was also inspired by an anecdote told by Hemingway's Cuban friend Carlos Gutierrez. In 1936, Hemingway wrote in a magazine ... about an old fisherman who caught a great marlin alone.
Three years later, Hemingway ... was planning a short story ... he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954.
Which is the correct order of time for the following facts in the passage？
①Hemingway wrote a letter to describe his adventure.
②Hemingway caught a big blue marlin.
③The letter was sold at auction.
④The Old Man and The Sea won the Nobel Prize.
A.①③②④ B．②①④③
C.②④①③ D．②③①④
第一步 事实信息：
1.写信内容是关于金枪鱼的，说明先捉到鱼，后写信。
2.捉到金枪鱼的事激发他写了《老人与海》。
第二步 分析对比：
《老人与海》使他获得了诺贝尔奖，成名之后这封信被拍卖。
第三步 锁定答案：
最早的事件是捉到鱼，最后事件是拍卖信。选B。
(2019·陕西西安模考)语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：产品广告
篇章导读：本文是一篇广告，介绍了Personal Robot和WATCH CONTROL的功能和价格。
1.With help from a Mr H, you can ________.
A.stop using batteries
B.remember your teacher's instructions
C.finish your homework on time
D.get your room tidied on your way home
答案：C 细节理解题。由“Are you having problems finishing your homework on time？”和“You don't need to worry if you buy a Mr Helping Hand personal robot.”可知，Mr H可以帮助你按时完成作业。
2.A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to ________.
A.repair your TV
B.know what the weather is like
C.be a James Bond
D.organize your homework
答案：B 细节理解题。由“gives you a daily weather forecast”可知，PENGO WATCH CONTROL可以告知天气状况。
3.Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?
A.On a notice board.
B.On a teenage website.
C.In a company brochure.
D.In a college newspaper.
答案：B 推理判断题。由“For further information, click here.”可知，文章来自网站。
guarantee n. 为(产品)提供保修；包换 act as 担任，充当 a remote control 遥控器
第一段最后一句：Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.
译文：你自己的机器人会跟着你到处走，把你留在地板或床上的书和东西收起来。
分析：putting away ...为现在分词作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词books and objects。
专题强化训练(一)
(1)
(2019·衡水中学模考)
Books Kids Should Read Before They're 12
The Snowy Day By Ezra Jack Keats
A young boy wakes to a world of freshly fallen snow and goes exploring throughout the cityscape in this gentle, shining classic. With simple text and imaginative collages (拼贴图), Ezra Jack Keats catches the delight kids feel in the simplest pleasures.
Goodnight Moon By Margaret Wise Brown
As the moon rises in a winter night sky, a young rabbit settles down for the night. An old lady rabbit rocks quietly in a nearby chair sewing, two cats playing on the carpet. The room grows gradually darker as the rabbit says goodnight to each object in his room and outside the window, and then falls asleep.
The Tale of Peter Rabbit By Beatrix Potter
Despite his mother's warning, Peter Rabbit enters Mr McGregor's garden. Sure enough, Mr McGregor tracks Peter with a spade. Peter loses his shoes among the potatoes and cabbages. Frightened and out of breath, Peter finally sees the gate and slips back home. He is put to bed with a cup of tea while his three wellbehaved sisters enjoy fruits and milk.
Frog and Toad (蟾蜍) Are Friends By Arnold Lobel
Once Frog convinces the sleepy Toad that winter is actually over, the two friends run outside to see how the world is looking in spring. With each new season comes new journeys. Even though the characters are fictional, the feelings they share are very real, and the care they show for each other and the world around them stands out as a good example of friendship.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几本孩子们在12岁之前应该阅读的书目。
1.Which book can help children develop a bedtime routine？
A.The Snowy Day.
B.Goodnight Moon.
C.The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
D.Frog and Toad Are Friends.
答案：B 细节理解题。题干中的关键词是“bedtime”，Goodnight Moon 中提到“... says goodnight to each object ... and then falls asleep”，这就告诉了孩子们睡觉前该做什么。故选B。
2.What does Peter Rabbit do?
A.He explores a forbidden garden.
B.He has an argument with his mother.
C.He robs a garden of some vegetables.
D.He is too frightened to slip back home.
答案：A 细节理解题。题干关键词是“Peter Rabbit”，根据该部分中的“Despite his mother's warning, Peter Rabbit enters Mr McGregor's garden.”以及下文的冒险经历可知，Peter Rabbit去了一个禁止进入的园子里探险。
3.What does Arnold Lobel intend to tell children in his book？
A.Friendship. B．Fiction writing.
C.Information sharing. D．Animal protection.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“Arnold Lobel”，我们可以定位到最后一段。由该段中的“as a good example of friendship”可知，该书讲的是友谊。
explore vt. 探索 imaginative adj. 富于想像力的 slip vi. 溜走，悄悄地走
最后一段最后一句：Even though the characters are fictional, the feelings they share are very real, and the care they show for each other and the world around them stands out as a good example of friendship.
译文：尽管这些角色都是虚构的，但他们分享的感情却是真实的，他们对彼此和周围世界的关心是友谊的典范。
分析：这是一个主从复合句。even though引导让步状语从句，主句中的they share与they show for each other and the world around them都是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，分别修饰feelings和care。
(2)
(2019·北京海淀模考)Everyone at Pacsafe is always eager to get out in the world and enjoy new cultures, food, and experiences. With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations for 2019. They also included their favorite Pacsafe bag to take on the trip. Enjoy and hopefully get some ideas for your own globe－trotting adventure.
Sri Lanka—Alison Hanko, Global Marketing Director
I'm going to Sri Lanka this summer holiday and can't wait. It's close to Hong Kong where I live and I've always wanted to go. The food is supposed to be amazing. It seems really relaxing and I really want to do the Kandy to Badulla train ride, which looks just stunning. We've booked a good mix of beaches, some time in a safari tent to hopefully see elephants in the wild.
For my bag, I'll most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the built－in wet pack for my bikinis. It's also a great size for a weeklong trip in a warm climate.
Japan—Ben Barras, Creative Director
Japan is definitely my best travel destination recommendation. The culture, the streets, the architecture, the inspiration you get from all of that is amazing. The food is also fascinating. It's where I'm most planning to go. Tokyo obviously, but also visiting the mountains. You can go snowboarding, which I haven't done for years.
I have a Vibe 25L Backpack which you can pack a lot in. The thing I like most about it is that it's compact, but still fits plenty in. I'll pair that up with a larger travel bag for the rest of my things and use the backpack to get around day to day.
Berlin—Phil Hayes, Executive VP of Global Design
For me, it's definitely Berlin. I'm particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art galleries and history. Food, nightlife. Everything I've heard about Berlin is pretty cool, so I'm going to suck as much as I can out of it. World's Global Style Network had the Berlin shopping list that came out recently, so I'm going to follow that through as well.
Bag wise, it will be the Quiksilver X Collab Bag. It's the 25L Anti－theft Backpack. It's normally my go－to bag for city trips because it's super easy to lock on the plane and in bars, and it's just the right amount of space.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，主要推荐了几处旅游胜地。
1.Which of the Pacsafe bag is a good choice for beach travel？
A.The Quiksilver 40L Pack.
B.The Vibe 25L Backpack.
C.The Quiksilver X Collab Bag.
D.25L Anti－theft Backpack.
答案：A 细节理解题。题干中提到“beach travel”，由第三段中的“For my bag, I'll most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the builtin wet pack for my bikinis.”可知，the Quiksilver 40L Pack这种包有内置的专门装比基尼的地方，很适合沙滩旅行。
2.If you are interested in fashion, which destination should you choose？
A.Sri Lanka. B．Japan.
C.Hong Kong. D．Berlin.
答案：D 细节理解题。题干中的关键词是“fashion”，由倒数第二段中的“For me, it's definitely Berlin. I'm particularly excited about the fashion”可知，如果你对时尚感兴趣，可以选择去柏林。
3.What can you enjoy in all the three places mentioned？
A.Beautiful beaches. B．Amazing food.
C.Fascinating art. D．Cool snowboarding.
答案：B 细节理解题。三个地方分别提到“The food is supposed to be
amazing.”“The food is also fascinating.”“Food, nightlife. Everything I've heard about Berlin is pretty cool”，都是说明食物很棒。故选B。
4.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A.share personal travelling experiences
B.offer practical tips on taking adventure
C.present cultures in different countries
D.recommend favorable travel destinations
答案：D 推理判断题。由第一段中的“With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations”可知，本文旨在推荐几处游览胜地。
recommendation n. 推荐 be supposed to 理应，应该 stunning adj. 令人震惊的，让人叫绝的
倒数第二段第二句：I'm particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on.
译文：我对时装特别感兴趣，我听说它(在柏林)相当流行。
分析：这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fashion。定语从句中的I hear是插入语。
(3)
Amazon is the largest online retailer (零售商) in the world. It has over 200 million customers. Annual revenues exceed $61 billion and it's growth rate is 31.5% per year.
On a peak day, Amazon will sell 306 products per second and ship 15.6 million of those products worldwide.
According to founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, Amazon's success is based upon meeting core customer expectations such as low prices and fast delivery. “I know that people will want low prices 10 years from now. I know that they will want fast delivery，” he said.
But fast delivery is dependent on a number of third－party delivery services, which are struggling to meet Amazon's expectations.
So how does one of the world's leading technology innovators approach this problem? Well, he creates an off－the－wall project to develop a seemingly impossible technological solution.
Such projects are typically referred to in Silicon Valley as “moon shot ideas”. Ideas are so technologically ambitious that most people would consider them impossible.
Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin have their self－driving car project and PayPal founder Elon Musk has his SpaceX project to colonize Mars.
Bezos' Amazon Prime Air project plans to use unmanned aerial drones(无人机) to deliver parcels. Flying robots that will come to your home with your order.
It's an ambitious undertaking and the challenges are so extensive and overwhelming that it just looks like a dumb idea unless you believe this quote, “The ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了网络销售巨头亚马逊利用无人机来提高货物的运输速度。
1.How many products can Amazon sell in an hour on a peak day？
A.18,180. B．18,666.
C.61,200. D．1,101,600.
答案：D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“On a peak day, Amazon will sell 306 products per second”可知，亚马逊在销售高峰期时，一秒钟可以销售306件货物，那么一小时的销售量应为306×60×60＝1,101,600。
2.Why do so many people buy products on Amazon？
A.There are so many choices on Amazon.
B.The products are cheap and delivered soon.
C.The products have some leading technology.
D.Amazon get the support from Silicon Valley.
答案：B 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Amazon's success is based upon meeting core customer expectations such as low prices and fast delivery”可知，亚马逊的成功建立在满足了核心客户期望的基础上，比如价位低、递送快。
3.What's the solution to Amazon's fast delivery？
A.SpaceX project. B．Unmanned aerial drones.
C.Moon shot ideas. D．Self－driving car project.
答案：B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Bezos' Amazon Prime Air project plans to use unmanned aerial drones (无人机) to deliver parcels.”可知答案为B。
4.Which of the following can be used to best describe CEO Jeff Bezos？
A.Strict. B．Serious.
C.Creative. D．Attractive.
答案：C 推理判断题。由第五段可知，作为世界顶级的科技创新者之一，Jeff Bezos创建了一个古怪的项目来开发一个看起来不可能的技术解决方案。由此可知Jeff Bezo很有创新思维。
exceed vt. 超过 be dependent on 取决于 overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的
最后一段：It's an ambitious undertaking and the challenges are so extensive and overwhelming that it just looks like a dumb idea unless you believe this quote, “The ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do.”
译文：这是一项前途无量的事业，挑战是永无止境和令人窒息的，以至于它只是看起来像一个愚蠢的想法，除非你相信这句话，“那些疯狂到认为他们可以改变世界的人，就是那些做实事的人。”
分析：这是一个含有状语从句的并列复合句，and连接两个分句。在第二个分句中含有so ... that ... 引导的结果状语从句和unless引导的条件状语从句。引语中的who引导定语从句，分别修饰前面的先行词ones; think后面的that引导宾语从句。
(4)
(2019·江西临川一中模考)The cost of living in countries like the US, Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed in recent years. However, if you're willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.
Ecuador
Ecuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has become a popular American getaway. They even use the US Dollar for their currency. In this country, it's cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the US. You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while you're away.
Mexico
Although the country is known for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.
Argentina
Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, it's not very expensive to live here. A decent (尚好的) sized home can cost around $139,000, which
is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.
Vietnam
Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years. There are many million dollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25,000 to $50,000 if you search in the right areas.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个生活消费水平较低但是成为旅游胜地的国家。
1.How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year？
A.About $7,000. B．About $8,000.
C.About $8,400. D．About $9,800.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico”可知，一年12个月，乘以$700 to $800，在墨西哥生活一年至少花费$8,400。
2.What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common？
A.They both have great restaurants.
B.The cost of living in them is both expensive.
C.The middlesized homes both cost around $139,000.
D.People are all fond of travelling to the two countries.
答案：D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Argentina has been a popular tourist destination”和第五段中的“Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination”可知，人们喜欢到这两个国家旅游。
3.In which country did the purchaser probably pay extra money after he left？
A.Ecuador. B．Mexico.
C.Argentina. D．Vietnam.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句 “You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while you're away.”可知，在厄瓜多尔，买完房后雇人看管房产还需要付费。
skyrocket vi. 陡升； 猛涨 getaway n. 短假；适合旅行的地方 povertyridden 贫困不堪的 luxury n．奢侈；豪华
第三段第一句：Although the country is known for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need.
译文：尽管这个国家以其一贫如洗的街道而闻名，但也有许多较富裕的地区可以提供你可能需要的一切设施。
分析：这是一个主从复合句，although引导让步状语从句。主句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas；在该定语从句中含有另一个省略了which/that的定语从句you might need，修饰先行词facility。
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