2020届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit4学案设计（39页word版） 39页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit4学案设计 话题素材——分享 好词 ‎1.friendly adj. 友好的 ‎2.honestadj. 诚实的 ‎3.cherish vt. 珍惜 ‎4.mature adj. 成熟的 ‎5.build vt. 创建 ‎6.care for each other 互相关心 ‎7.take_an_active_part_in 积极参与 ‎8.be in order 有序的 ‎9.trust each other 彼此信任 ‎10.in need 在困难中；在危急中 ‎11.show love and concern for sb.爱护和关心某人 ‎12.learn from sb.向某人学习 ‎13.improve the relationship 改善关系 ‎14.build a good relationship 建立良好的关系 ‎15.help each other 互助 佳句 ‎1.We should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a ‎ harmonious life.‎ 我们应当彼此友善，这对于享受和谐生活是绝对重要的。‎ ‎2.He is generous with his time in offering_help_to_us,_for_which_we_feel_grateful.‎ 他毫不吝惜自己的时间，主动为我们提供帮助，所以我们都非常感激。‎ ‎3.Just_as_the_saying_goes,_“one tree doesn't make a forest”， our success is_based_on cooperating with others.‎ 正如谚语所说：“独木难成林”，我们的成功是建立在与别人合作的基础上的。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ In order to meet the arrival of International Children's Day， our school called on the students to make some donations for the Project Hope.‎ Project Hope is a good way to promote the education in the rural areas， but it is far from being sufficient. By now， only a small portion of the children has benefited from it.‎ As is known to all， China has the largest population in the world and most of them live in the countryside. Since the economic conditions there are rather poor，many families，especially in the remote areas， cannot afford to send their children to school， and many children have to drop from school.‎ The “Project Hope”is aimed at solving this problem so that every child of ‎ school age can receive regular education.‎ It doesn't matter how much you're going to donate. Let's help them.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．otherwise (conj.) 否则；不然 (adv.) 用别的方法；其他方面 ‎2．adjust (vi.&vt.) 调整；(使)适合→adjustable (adj.) 可调整的→adjustment (n.) 调整；调节；适应 ‎3．participate (vi.) 参与；参加→participation (n.) 参加；参与→participant (n.) 参与者 ‎4．operate (vi.) 工作；运转 (vt.) 操作→operation (n.) 手术；运转→operator (n.) 操作人员 ‎5．relevant (adj.) 有关的；切题的→irrelevant (adj.)(反义词) 无关的；不切题的→relevance (n.) 有 关；切题→relevantly (adv.) 有关地；切题地 ‎6．voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→voluntarily (adv.) 志愿地→volunteer (v.) 自愿 (n.) 志 愿者 ‎7．purchase (vt. &n．) 买；购买→purchaser (n.) 购买人 ‎8．distribute (vt.) 分配；分发→distribution (n.) 分配；分发；分布状态 ‎9．financial (adj.) 财务的；金融的；财政的→finance (n.) 财政；资金 ‎10．donate (vt.) 捐赠→donation (n.) 捐赠；赠送→donator (n.) 捐赠者 ‎11．political (adj.) 政治的；政党的→politics (n.) 政治→politician (n.) ‎ 政治家 ‎12．security (n.) 安全；保护；保障→secure (adj.) 安全的 ‎13．remote (adj.) 遥远的；偏僻的→remotely (adv.) 遥远地；偏僻地 ‎14．arrangement (n.) 安排；排列→arrange (v.) 安排；排列 ‎15．economic (adj.) 经济的；经济学的→economy (n.) 经济→economical (adj.) 经济的；节约的；合算的 ‎16．angle (n.) 角；角度→angel (n.) (形近词) 天使 重点短语 ‎1．(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望 ‎2．be_relevant_to 与……有关 ‎3．participate_in 参与……；参加……‎ ‎4．in_need 在困难中；在危急中 ‎5．stick_out 伸出 ‎6．be_up_to... 多达……；取决于 ‎7．hear_from 接到……的信 ‎8．the_other_day 不久前的一天 ‎9．dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透 ‎10．dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸 ‎11．make_any/a_difference_to 对……有影响；起作用 ‎12．get_through 完成；穿过 ‎13．operate_on 给……做手术 ‎14．come_across 偶然遇到或发现；碰见 ‎15．provide_for 养活；规定；为……作准备 第 74 页 共 74 页 热点句型 ‎1．“名词/代词/数词＋of＋which/whom...”引导定语从句 Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most_of_whom (他们中的大多数人)‎ will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(教材 P29)‎ ‎2．doubt whether...意为“怀疑是否……”‎ To be honest, I doubt_whether (怀疑是否) I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.(教材P29)‎ ‎3．do/does/did＋动词原形，对句子的谓语进行强调 But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit (确实拜访了) a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.(教材 P29)‎ ‎4．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句 We walked for two and a half hours to get there－first up a mountain to a ridge from_where (从那里)‎ we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(教材 P29)‎ ‎5．“adj.＋enough” 结构 There were no windows and the doorway was just big_enough_to_get_through (足够大以进入). (教材 P30)‎ ‎6．what if“如果……将会怎样；即使……又怎么样”‎ She was dying to see him again but what_if_he_didn't_want_to_see_her(如果他不想见她怎么办)？‎ ‎(教材 P32)‎ ‎7.not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，连接并列成分 The gift you give is not (不是)something your loved one keTIF but (而是)a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(教材 P34)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Thanks for your letter, ________ took a fortnight to arrive.‎ 答案：which ‎2．The boys ________ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.‎ 答案：who ‎3．I know you're dying ________ (hear) all about my life here.‎ 答案：to hear ‎4．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment ________，before I knew it,‎ the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!‎ 答案：when ‎5．That's ________ (actual) quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet.‎ 答案：actually ‎6．There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get ________.‎ 答案：through ‎7．Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform________ us.‎ 答案：with ‎8．He then covered the vegetables ________ banana leaves and left them to steam.‎ 答案：with ‎9．We ate inside the hut ________ (sit) round the fire.‎ 答案：sitting ‎10．I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate ________ the conversation.‎ 答案：in ‎1 adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合 The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.(P30)‎ 小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应……‎ adjust to sth./doing sth. 适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to 使自己适应于 ‎(2)adjustmentn．调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment 作出调整 ‎(3)adjustableadj.可调整的 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.‎ 确切地说，其他人能扩展我们的智商并帮助我们理解和调整我们的情感。‎ ‎②We must adjust_ourselves_to the new life as soon as possible.‎ 我们必须尽快适应新生活。‎ ‎③When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust/adapt to living on his own.‎ 当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。‎ ‎④I've made_a_few_adjustments_to the design.‎ 我已对设计作了几处调整。‎ ‎2 participate vi.参加；参与 I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their ‎ language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. (P30)‎ 我很喜欢听这家人轻声细语地谈话，尽管我不能参与到他们的谈话中。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担……；同某人一起参与某事 participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事 ‎(2)participantn. 参加者；共享者 participationn. 参与；分担；共享 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate_in achieving common goals.‎ 他们从很小的时候就渴望帮助他人，与他们分享信息并参与完成共同的目标。‎ ‎②You should participate_with your friend in his sufferings.‎ 你应当分担朋友的苦恼。‎ ‎③All the participants in the debate had an opportunity to speak.‎ 所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。‎ ‎3 privilege n．特权；特别优待 It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.(P30)‎ 能与 Tombe 一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 It is a privilege to do sth. 做某事是荣幸的 ‎(2)privileged adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 feel/be privileged to do sth.做某事是荣幸的 语境助记 ‎①Ladies and gentlemen, I have_the_great_privilege/honor_of introducing our speaker for tonight.‎ 女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。‎ ‎②It_was_a_privilege_to hear her sing.‎ 能听她唱歌十分荣幸。‎ ‎③We consider ourselves privileged to have been invited to give a speech here.‎ 我们认为被邀请到这里作演讲很荣幸。‎ ‎④I was_privileged_to_have the opportunity to take part in this activity and it's_a_privilege_to make a speech here.‎ 我很荣幸有机会参加这一活动，并有幸能在这里做演讲。‎ ‎4 donate vt.捐赠；赠送 Would you like to donate an unusual gift？(P34)‎ 你愿意捐献一份不平常的礼物吗？‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)donate sth. to sb. 向某人捐赠某物 ‎(2)donationn．捐赠 make/give/present a donation to sb.捐赠给某人 send a donation to... 把捐款寄至……‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·北京高考]Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.‎ 志愿者们带着整车的捐助的衣服和玩具来了。‎ ‎②He frequently donates large sums of money to charity.‎ 他常常向慈善机构捐赠大笔钱款。‎ ‎③All donations will be gratefully received.‎ 所有的捐赠将被心存感激地接受。‎ ‎④Mr Richey makes it a rule to make_a_big_donation_to charity once a year.‎ 里奇先生固定每年一次捐一大笔钱给慈善机构。‎ ‎5 distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态 This gift covers the cost of production and distribution of seedlings, as well as training in tree care for the local villagers...(P35)‎ 这份礼物包括当地村民看护树木的培训费和籽苗的生产和分发费用……‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)have a wide distribution 分布广泛 an unfair distribution 分配不公 the distribution of the magazine 这份杂志的发行量 ‎(2)distributevt. 分配；分发 distribute sth. to... 把某物分配/分发给……‎ distribute sth. among sb. 在……中进行分配 语境助记 ‎①In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed_among friends.‎ 大部分家具在搬家的时候都留给了邻居或分给了朋友。‎ ‎②Clothes and blankets have been distributed_to the refugees.‎ 已经向难民分发了衣服和毯子。‎ ‎③This kind of plant has_a_wide_distribution.‎ 这种植物分布很广。‎ ‎6 operate vi.工作；运转；动手术 vt.操作 This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.(P35)‎ 这份礼物包括贫穷或偏远村庄社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎ (1)operate on sb. 给某人做手术 ‎(2)operationn. 操作；手术；运转 in operation 工作中；使用中；有效 perform an operation 做手术 put sth. into operation 实施；使运转 come into operation 开始工作；开始生效 operating system (计算机)操作系统 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]Such systems do not need to operate_face-to-face.‎ 这种系统不必面对面操作。‎ ‎②[牛津高阶]We will have to operate_on his eyes.‎ 我们得给他的眼睛动手术。‎ ‎③It's often easier to make plans than it is to operate them.‎ 制订计划常比执行计划容易些。‎ ‎④[一词多义]写出下列句中 operate 的含义 a．People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.运转 b．No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with it carefully.操作 c．If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died. 动手术 d．The medicine will operate in ten minutes. 起作用 e．The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.经营 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Our school will donate some books ________ the Chinese class of the friendly exchange school in the US.‎ 答案：to 考查固定搭配。donate...to...意为“向……捐赠……”。句意：我们学校将向美国友好交 流学校的中文班捐赠一些图书。‎ ‎2．Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate ________ an exchange study program.‎ 答案：in 考查固定搭配。participate in...意为“参加……”。‎ ‎3．What he needs is the ________ (secure) of a happy home.‎ 答案：security 考查词性转换。由空格前的定冠词 the 可知，应用名词。‎ ‎4．He fixed the faucet, ________ (adjust) the dishwasher door, and replaced a showerhead.‎ 答案：adjusted 考查动词时态。由句意及 fixed，replaced 可知，adjust 也应用一般过去式。句意：‎ 他修好了水龙头，调整了洗碗机的门，并换了一个淋浴头。‎ ‎5．I'm ________ (privilege) to be here delivering my speech.‎ 答案：privileged 考查词性转换。be privileged to do sth.“做某事是荣幸的”。‎ ‎6．The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the ________ (distribute) of aid.‎ 答案：distribution 考查词性转换。由空格前 the 一词可知，应填名词形式。句意：联合国组织承诺指导援助的分配问题。‎ ‎7．The typhoon swept the ________ (roof) of many houses, causing great damage to the local people.‎ 答案：roofs 考查名词、复数形式。由空格后 many houses 可知，应用名词复数形式。‎ ‎8．He was willing to participate in the ________ (volunteer) activity.‎ 答案：voluntary 考查词性转换。修饰 activity 应用形容词，故填 voluntary。‎ ‎9．The ad strongly encourages people ________ (purchase) the silver coins by making a phone call.‎ 答案：to purchase 考查固定搭配。句意：这则广告强烈建议人们通过打电话购买银币。Encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人去做某事”。‎ ‎10．You'd better not walk into the room with ________ (mud) boots on your feet.‎ 答案：muddy 考查词形转换。muddy boots“沾满泥的靴子”。‎ ‎1 (be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事 I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.(P29)‎ 我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，会帮助你想象出我所谈到 的地方。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1) îïíïìbe dying for sth.‎ be thirsty for sth. 渴望得到某物 ‎ (2)‎ ìbe anxious to do sth./for sth.‎ ‎ be eager to do sth./for sth.‎ long to do sth./for sth.‎ 想要(做( ……；‎ 渴望(做( ……‎ ‎(3)die of 死于……病或冻死、气死或死于过度悲伤 语境助记 ‎①I'm_dying_to_know what happened.‎ 我很想知道发生了什么事情。‎ ‎②She was_dying/eager/thirsty/anxious_for a holiday to relax herself.‎ 她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。‎ ‎③Out of curiosity, I am_eager_to know the truth.‎ 出于好奇，我渴望知道事情真相。‎ ‎④[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying_of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.‎ 当斯科特躺在帐篷里，死于寒冷和饥饿，他的最后旅程就这样结束了。这件事轰动了全世界，并 且一部为他而制作的电影吸引了大批观众。‎ ‎2 in need 在困难中；在危急中 ‎...bring hope for a better future to a community in need.(P34)‎ ‎……给急需帮助的社区带来改善未来的希望。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)in need of 需要……‎ satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人需要 There is no need to_do sth. 没必要做某事 have a need to_do sth. 需要做某事 ‎(2)in danger 处在危险中 in trouble 处于麻烦中 in ruins 破败不堪；成为废墟 in vain 徒劳 in return 作为回报 in turn 依次；轮流；反过来 语境助记 ‎①As the saying goes, a friend in_need is a friend indeed.‎ 俗话说，患难见真情。‎ ‎②[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by ‎ creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in_need.‎ 通过向困境中的人们提供暂时住所和推动教育及服务，她提升了人们的社区感。‎ ‎③They will offer more books to satisfy/meet_the_students'_needs.‎ 他们将提供更多的书来满足学生的需求。‎ ‎④There_is_no_need for you to be concerned about his future.‎ 你没有必要担心他的未来。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 dry out； for sure； get through； be dying to； in need； participate in； make any difference to； up to； be relevant to； the other day ‎1．The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date ________.‎ 答案：for sure ‎2．The passengers ________ know when the plane takes off.‎ 答案：are dying to ‎3．Water the plant regularly. Never let the soil ________.‎ 答案：dry out ‎4．I tried calling you several times but I couldn't ________.‎ 答案：get through ‎5．If we could show concern to others ________， the world would be a better place to live in.‎ 答案：in need ‎6．I came across the problem in a reference book ________.‎ 答案：the other day ‎7．I don't think what he said ________ the topic we are discussing.‎ 答案：is relevant to ‎8．It's ________ you what kind of life you will lead in the future.‎ 答案：up to ‎9．Besides studying at school, he often ________ some out-of-school activities.‎ 答案：participates in ‎10．To be honest, I doubt whether I'm ________ these boys' lives at all.‎ 答案：making any difference to ‎1 We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(P29)‎ 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊，从那里我们看到了奇妙的景色，然 后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。‎ 归纳拓展 from where 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 a ridge，在“介词＋关系词”型定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom。而关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where和since when。‎ 语境助记 ‎①I have bought that house from_where_I_can_enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.‎ 我买下了那所房屋，从那里我可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美丽风光。‎ ‎②China is the birthplace of kites, from_where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea and India.‎ 中国是风筝的故乡，放风筝从那里传到了日本、朝鲜和印度。‎ ‎③The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system has witnessed great changes.‎ 这本书写于 1946 年，自此教育体制发生了巨大变化。‎ ‎④[2016·天津高考]I went to a special school where_I got plenty of extra help.‎ 我去了一个特别的学校，在那儿我得到了额外的帮助。‎ ‎2 The gift you give is not something your loved one keTIF but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(P34)‎ 你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。‎ 归纳拓展 not...but...“不是……；而是……”，在句中连接两个表语。not...but...连接两个平行成分，当连接两 个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children.‎ 有几个理由让人相信，孩子们帮助、告知和分享的欲望不是教的，而是他们天生就具有的。‎ ‎②[2016·北京高考]“I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.‎ 纳塔利说：“我不能想象住到除了洛克威以外的其他地方。”‎ ‎③Not passengers but the driver is to blame for the accident.‎ 不是乘客而是司机应对这次事故负责。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．It is not your words ________ what you did that made your parents angry.‎ 答案：but 考查 not...but...结构。not...but...“不是……而是……”。句意：不是故事本身而是故事所反映出来的更重要。‎ ‎2．He hid behind the tree, from ________ he came out after a while.‎ 答案：where 考查 from where 引导的定语从句。句意：他藏在了树后面，一会儿又从那里出来了。‎ ‎3．Not you but she ________ (be) wanted on the telephone.‎ 答案：is/was 考查主谓一致。not...but...“不是……而是……”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应遵循“就近一致”原则。句意：电话里找的是她而不是你。‎ ‎4．He ________ realize the importance of English after he goes abroad.‎ 答案：did 考查助动词表强调。句意：出国后，他确实意识到了英语的重要性。did 此处强调谓语动词 realize，有“的确；确实”之意。‎ ‎5．To be honest, I doubt ________they will finish the hard task in two days.‎ 答案：whether/if 考查连词。句意：老实说，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。doubtwhether...“怀疑是否……”。doubt 用于肯定句时，后面常用 whether/if 引导宾语从句，用 whether 引导同位语从句。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________________ who you are ________ what you have done for the society ________ matters.‎ 重要的不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了些什么。‎ 答案：It is not; but; that ‎2．Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two __________________ me greatly.‎ 上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。‎ 答案：of whom influenced ‎3．________we can't finish the work tomorrow?‎ 要是我们明天完不成作业怎么办？‎ 答案：What if 复习定语从句 定语从句基本概念 在主从复合句中用作定语修饰名词或代词的句子，被称作定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。‎ The exact year was 2008. Angela and her family spent the year together in China.‎ ‎→The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ 定语从句常用关系词 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why ‎1．that/which 关系代词指代物，在从句中充当主语或宾语，在介词后只能用 which。‎ Maybe you have a habit. The habit is driving your family crazy.‎ ‎→Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.‎ ‎2．that/who/whom 关系代词指代人，that/who 在从句中充当主语或宾语；whom 在从句中充当宾 语，在介词后只能使用 whom。‎ Have you sent thankyou notes to the receivers? You received gifts from them.‎ ‎→Have you sent thankyou notes to the receivers from whom you received gifts?‎ ‎3．whose 关系代词即可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。‎ A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ ‎4．as 关系代词引导限制性定语从句，当先行词前有 so, as, such, the same 等词修饰，而先行词在 从句中充当主语或宾语，这时要用 as 代替 that 引导定语从句。‎ It's wise to have as many good friends as we can.‎ ‎5．when 引导定语从句，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“in/at/on which”，注意与 which 关系代词的不同。‎ I'm looking forward to the day. My daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her on the day.‎ ‎→I'm looking forward to the day on which/when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.‎ ‎6．where 引导定语从句，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于“介词＋which”。‎ Students should involve themselves in community activities. In the activities they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎→Students should involve themselves in community activities in which/where they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎7．why 引导定语从句，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于 for which。‎ This is the reason. I'm in favor of the plan for this reason.‎ ‎→This is the reason for which/why I'm in favor of the plan.‎ ‎8．当先行词为 the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用 that，也可以用 in which，还可以省略。‎ What surprised me was not what he said but the way/that/in which he said it.‎ 过关演练 ‎ 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。‎ ‎1．[2016·天津高考]In the weeks ________ followed, the solution ________ had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.‎ 答案：that; which 考查定语从句。句意：在接下来的几周，我潜意识里的解决方案证明了每一步都是正确的。‎ ‎2．This is the scientist ________ achievements are well known.‎ 答案：whose 考查定语从句。句意：这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。定语从句的先行词为 books，它与定语从句的主语是所属关系，故用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句。‎ ‎3．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________ ‎ school education depends.‎ 答案：which 考查定语从句。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。该句为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。‎ ‎4．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________he should be able to be independent.‎ 答案：when 考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的一个孩子，亚历克斯一直渴望他能够独立的时候。先行词为 the time，从句中缺少时间状语，故应填关系副词 when。‎ ‎5．I was impressed by the way ________ which she did it.‎ 答案：in 考查定语从句。当先行词为 the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，应用 in which引导该定语从句，也可用 that，还可省略。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎ [2016·江苏高考]Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties toprotect their territory. But beyond the minimumW1 requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本 能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularlydeclineW2 to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.‎ In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with ‎ no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.‎ Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperativeW3. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelatedW4 adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.‎ There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did nobetterthanP1 the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerablyW5 better at understanding the social world.‎ The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.‎ Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”， a group that intendstoP2 work toward a shared goal.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇研究报告。科学家通过比较黑猩猩和小孩子的行为得出结论，黑猩猩很自 私，而很小的孩子就会帮助别人，与人合作和分享，这是人的本性。‎ ‎1．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?‎ A．Chimps seldom care about others' interests.‎ B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children.‎ C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.‎ D．Chimps naturally share food with each other.‎ 答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知，黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故 A 项正确。其中 C 项干扰性较大，黑猩猩只是自私，而不是喜欢那么做。‎ ‎2．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they ________.‎ A．have the instinct to help others B．know how to offer help to adults C．know the world better than chimps D．trust adults with their hands full 答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知，小孩帮助 他人是出于本能。故 A 项正 确。B 项太片面；C、D 两项文中没提到。‎ ‎3．The passage is mainly about ________.‎ A．the helping behaviors of young children B．ways to train children's shared intentionality C．cooperation as a distinctive human nature D．the development of intelligence in children 答案：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行的实验证实了助人、与别 人合作是人独有的本能。A 项干扰性较大，文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．minimum adj. 最低的；最小的 ‎2．decline vt. 谢绝；婉言拒绝；下降；衰退 ‎3．cooperative adj. 合作的；同心协力的 ‎4．unrelated adj. 无关联的；不相关的 ‎5．considerably adv. 很；非常；相当多地 P重点短语 ‎1．no better than 与……(几乎)一样；和……(几乎)一样坏 ‎2．intend to do 打算做……‎ B Children's lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years. But do they ‎ have a happier childhood than you or I did?‎ It's difficult to look back on one's own childhood without some element of nostalgia (怀旧的). I have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them, playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploringW1 the nearby woods. My parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providerseither of meals or of severeW2 blame after some particularly risky adventure.‎ These days, in the UK at least, the nature of childhood has changed dramatically. Firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children. It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isn't time to bringupP1 a large family, or that no one could possibly affordW3 to have more than one child. As a result, today's boys and girls spend much of their time alone.‎ Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend ahugeamountofP2 their free time at home, inside. More than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers, so they wouldn't dream of letting their children play outside by themselves.‎ Finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different. Computer and video games have replacedW4 the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood. The irony (令人啼 笑皆非的事情) is that so many ways of playing games are called “interactive”. The fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.‎ Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxingW5 childhood than I had? I personally believe that they do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same.‎ 篇章导读：本文回顾了 50 年以来儿童生活发生的变化，辩证地比较了当前儿童的生活与过去儿 童生活上的差异。‎ ‎4．What is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph?‎ A．To get people's attention and lead in the topic.‎ B．To gather people's opinions on childhood.‎ C．To show who the passage is written for.‎ D．To compare the childhood lives of two generations.‎ 答案：A 推理判断题。根据下文讲述的内容可知，第一段提出的问题主要是引起人们的注意并导入话题。‎ ‎5．Which is NOT a reason for the changes?‎ A．Families are smaller today.‎ B．Parents worried too much about their children.‎ C．Toys can be played by children alone at home.‎ D．It's too dangerous to play outside.‎ 答案：B 细节理解题。利用排除法，根据第三段“Firstly, families are ‎ smaller，”“...more than they used to about real or imagined dangers.”以及第四段第一句中“the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different.”可知，A、C、D 均是童年生活发生改变的原因，而 B 项中的内容并非是导致童年生活改变的原因。‎ ‎6．What has the writer focused on in the fourth paragraph?‎ A．Young people today shouldn't play electronic games.‎ B．Some games that young people play today aren't really good.‎ C．Computer and video games have replaced the board games.‎ D．Board games are much more interesting than computer games.‎ 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The irony is that so many ways of playing games are called „interactive‟. The fact that you can play...increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.”可知，作者认为如今青少年玩的一些游戏真的不太好。故选 B。‎ ‎7．The writer's attitude towards the childhood changing is ________.‎ A．approving B.unconcerned C．objective D.optimistic 答案：C 推理判断题。本文在论述童年生活上的变化时，均是很客观地列举事例来证明。故选C。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．explore vt. 探索；探测 ‎2．severe adj. 严峻的；严厉的 ‎3．afford vt. 担负得起；足以买得起 ‎4．replace vt. 取代；代替 ‎5．relaxing adj. 轻松的；放松的 P重点短语 ‎1．bring up 养育；培养；呕吐；提出 ‎2．a huge amount of 大量的(修饰不可数名词)‎ Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 7′)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Scientists and educators in the US and China say it's important to introduce very young children to new technologies. __1__ They say that with the right approach, children learn not to be frightened of abstract thinking.‎ Even before children learn to read and write, they can manipulate－move and control images. __2__‎ Mitchel Resnick is co-developer of a code-learning program called Scratch Jr. He says that is exactly what programming is all about.‎ ‎“Each block tells the character what to do. You snap the blocks together, and you've made a computer program. __3__ This block make the cat go to the right. This one makes the cat jump. By snapping them together I make a computer program that makes it move and then jump.”‎ Parents decide how much time their children can spend using modern ‎ technology. But Sandra Calvert,director of the Children's Digital Media Center at Georgetown University, says it's all around us.‎ ‎“__4__ Just as it's a worry that there may be too much screen time, there is also a concern that our children will be left behind if they don't know how to use the technologies that are going to shape the 21st century careers, jobs and how we are going to succeed as a nation.”‎ Children between the ages of 4 and 15 use tools and machines at socalled “maker spaces” in Beijing.‎ The maker space basically serves as an open-access workshop. __5__The young people are part of the socalled“maker movement，”a doityourself community connecting people who like to make things with their hands.‎ A．There, children use tools and machines like 3D printers to create and build projects.‎ B．Each block has a different behavior.‎ C．Computer scientists perform lots of research in computer theory and systems.‎ D．They advise developing skills from computer programming to designing electronic circuits.‎ E．Tablet computers with touch－sensitive screens are perfect for lining up simple commands.‎ F．The education and development of our children are extremely ‎ important.‎ G．We live in the digital age.‎ 篇章导读：本文介绍的是让小孩子尽早了解新科技，可以使孩子们不会对抽象思维感到恐惧。‎ ‎1．D 上文介绍的是中美科学家及教育家的观点，下文介绍的是尽早了解新科技带来的好处，‎ 故该空应是他们提出的建议。‎ ‎2．E 根据上文中的“move and control images”可知，此空应填写的内容与执行命令有关系。E 项 中的 lining up simple commands 符合语境。故选 E。‎ ‎3．B 根据上下文中的关键词 Each block，blocks 及 This block 可知，答案是 B。‎ ‎4．G 根据下文中“...that there may be too much screen time.”可知，答案是 G(我们生活在数码时 代)。‎ ‎5．A 根据上文“The maker space basically serves as an open-access workshop.”可知，A 项中的 there 为关键词。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 8′)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2017·成都龙泉高三测试]An old proverb says, “Friends are like wine; ‎ the older, the better.” So,nowadays many people consider old friends to be __1__ (important) than new friends. For example, if twopieces of advice are given to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from __2__ old friend, people always tend to adapt the latter one, __3__ the new friend's advice may be better.‎ ‎__4__ (disagree) with the old proverb, I believe that new friends are not __5__ (necessary) worse than old friends. Why? Because the __6__ (long) of time cannot determine whether your friendship is better or not.‎ Once you call someone friend, he must be a reliable person, __7__ interests are in common with __8__(you). As time goes by, a friend's outside look may change, but the inside characters of him and his interests__9__ (change). It is just these unchangeable characters and interests that make him a friend to you. __10__，on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new friends.‎ ‎1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________‎ ‎5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________‎ ‎9．________ 10.________‎ 篇章导读：本篇为议论文。俗话说，朋友似酒，愈久弥香。可作者却提出了这样的观点，他认为 新朋友并不比老朋友差。‎ ‎1．more important 考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的 than 可知，应用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎2．an 考查不定冠词。由空格前的“a new friend”可知，此处也应用不定冠词，表泛指。‎ ‎3．though/although 考查连词。由句意“虽然新朋友的建议可能更好，可人们总是倾向于采纳后 者(老朋友)的建议”可知，应该填 though 或 although。‎ ‎4．Disagreeing 考查分词作状语。因 disagree 与逻辑主语 I 之间为主谓关系，且表示主动含义因 此用现在分词。‎ ‎5．necessarily 考查副词。此处副词修饰形容词 worse。‎ ‎6．length 考查名词。定冠词 the 之后应跟名词 length，介词短语 of time 是 length 的后置定语。‎ the length of time “时间的长度”。‎ ‎7．whose 考查定语从句。从句中 interests 是主语，其前缺少定语，故用 whose，表示“……的”。‎ ‎8．yours 考查代词。此处用名词性物主代词 yours，相当于 your interest。‎ ‎9．will not change 考查动词的时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，朋友的外貌会变，可他内在的性 格及他的兴趣不会变化。由句意可知，应用一般将来时的否定形式。‎ ‎10．Thus/Therefore/So 考查副词。由上下文可知，此处是对以上内容的总结。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 20′)‎ 第 93 页 共 93 页 假设你是李华，你的外国朋友彼得听说你暑假期间在社区医院做义工，给你发来邮件询问相关情 况。请根据下面文字信息给他回封邮件。‎ ‎1．工作时间：7 月 15 日～7 月 31 日，上午 6：30～11：30；‎ ‎2．工作内容：为 55 岁以上老人免费体检时提供帮助，包括组织排队，引路，帮助填表格等；‎ ‎3．你的收获。‎ 注意：1.词数 100 左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 可能用到的单词：社区医院 community hospital Dear Peter，‎ Nice to hear from you.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[标准范文]‎ Dear_Peter，‎ Nice_to_hear_from_you. In this mail, I'd like to share with you my volunteer experience in my community hospital during the summer vacation. I worked from July 15 to July 31, during which time people over 55 were given a free medical examination. Every day I arrived ‎ before 6：30 and helped organize the people who came. Then I would help them fill in the forms. Leading them to the different departmentswas also part of my duties. Often, by the time their examinations were over at 11：30 a．m., I was already bathed in sweat.‎ Tired as I was in those days, I benefited a lot from the experience.‎ My confidence built up and my communication skills improved.‎ How was your holiday?‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua