2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修一Unit3Lookinggood,feelinggood单元学案设计（79页） 77页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修一Unit3 Looking good, feeling good单元学案设计 饮食与健康之(一)——减肥 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．work vi.起作用，有效果，奏效　　　 2.contain vt.包含；容纳 ‎3．amount n．数量 4.affect vt.影响；(病毒)感染 ‎5．skip vt.& vi.跳过，略过；蹦跳着走 6.approximately adv.大约 ‎7．properly adv.适当地 8.system n．(器官)系统；体系；制度 ‎ ‎9．count vi.认为，算作；重要 vt.数数 10.chemical n．化学物质 adj.化学的 ‎11．gain vt.增加；获得，赢得 12.loss n．丧失，丢失，损失 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．slim adj.苗条的，纤细的 2.figure n．体形；数字；人物 ‎3．failure n．失败；衰退，衰竭；故障 4.painful adj.令人疼痛的，痛苦的 ‎5．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害 6.pressure n．压力 ‎7．suffer vt.& vi.受苦；遭受 8.diet n．节食；日常饮食 vi.节食 ‎9．useless adj.无用的，无效的 10.peaceful adj.平静的；和平的 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的→shame n．羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事→shameful adj.不体面的→shameless adj.不知羞耻的 ‎　2.energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的→energy n．精力；能量 ‎*3.recover vi.复原，恢复健康vt.重新获得，恢复→recovery n．恢复 ‎　4.treatment n．治疗；待遇；处理→treat vt.治疗；招待；处理，讨论 ‎*5.attractive adj.有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引人的事物 ‎　6.embarrassed adj.尴尬的，不好意思的，难为情的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；为难的 ‎　7.achievement n．成就→achieve v．达到，实现；获得成功 ‎*8.including prep.包括→include v．包括，包含→included adj.包括在内的 ‎*9.equipment n．器材；设备→equip v．给……装备 ‎*10.comfort n．安慰；舒适v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfortably adv.舒适地 ‎　11.concentrate vt.& vi.集中；全神贯注→concentration n．专心，专注 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The gentle music comforted me and on hearing it I felt much more comfortable_and relaxed in mind and body.‎ ‎2．The doctor says he is recovering faster than expected and that sunshine, fresh air and proper rest will do good to his recovery.‎ ‎3．The Great Wall is an attraction,_whose scenes are very attractive,_and it attracts a large number of tourists every day.‎ ‎4．The band played many songs, including some of my favourites/some of my favourites included.‎ ‎5．Much money allocated to our school, all classrooms in our school are equipped with advanced teaching equipment. ‎ ‎6．She was deeply ashamed of her son's behaviour at the dinner table, but her husband thought it wasn't a shameful action.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．healthy /'helθɪ/ adj.　　　健康的 ‎ ‎2．physical /'fɪzɪkl/ adj. 物质的；身体的 ‎3．mental /'mentl/ adj. 思想的；脑力的 ‎4．raw /rɔː/ adj. 生的；未加工的 ‎5．delicious /dɪ'lɪʃəs/ adj. 美味的，可口的 ‎6．tasty /'teɪsti/ adj. 好吃的 ‎ ‎7．poisonous /'pɔɪzənəs/ adj. 有毒的 ‎8．relaxed /rɪ'lækst/ adj. 放松的，轻松的 ‎9．optimistic /ɒptɪ'mɪstɪk/ adj. 乐观的 ‎10．fat /fæt/ n. 脂肪 ‎11．obesity /əʊ'biːsɪti/n.肥胖，过胖；肥胖症 ‎12．recipe /'resɪpɪ/ n. 食谱 ‎13．fiber /'faɪbə/ n. 纤维 ‎14．bean /biːn/ n. 豆；豆科植物 ‎15．carrot /'kærət/ n. 胡萝卜 ‎16．lemon /'lemən/ n. 柠檬 ‎17．fruit /fruːt/ n. 水果； 果实 ‎18．mushroom /'mʌʃruːm/ n. 蘑菇 ‎19．nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果；果仁 ‎20．mutton/'mʌt(ə)n/ n. 羊肉 ‎21．vinegar /'vɪnɪgə/ n. 醋 ‎22．fitness /'fɪtnɪs/ n. 健康 ‎ ‎23．dish /dɪʃ/ n. 盘；一盘食物 ‎24．menu /'menjuː/ n. 菜单 ‎25．snack /snæk/ n. 小吃 ‎26．appetite /'æpɪtaɪt/ n. 食欲，胃口 ‎27．nutrition /nju'trɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 营养 ‎28．operate /'ɒpəreɪt/vi. 动手术 ‎29．benefit /'benɪfɪt/ n. 好处 vi. 有益于 ‎30．serve /sɜːv/ vt.& vi. 侍候， 为……服务 ‎31．digest /daɪ'dʒɛst/vi. & vt. 消化 ‎32．fry /fraɪ/ vt. & vi. 油煎 ‎33．roast /rəust/ vt.& vi. 烤 ‎34．swallow /'swɒləʊ/ vt. 吞下；咽下 ‎35．chew /tʃuː/ vt. 咀嚼 ‎36．obese /ə(ʊ)'biːs/ adj. 肥胖的 ‎37．yoga /'jəugə/ n. 瑜伽 ‎38．vegetarian /vedʒə'terIən/ n. 素食主义者 ‎ [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.work_out锻炼；解决；计算出　　　　*2.go_on_a_diet节食 ‎*3.be_dying_to_do_sth.渴望做某事 　4.side_effect副作用 ‎　5.get_into_shape强身健体 *6.fall_out (头发等)脱落；争吵 ‎　7.make_the_most_of 充分利用 *8.in_the_long_term从长远角度看 ‎　9.as_a_matter_of_fact事实上，实际上 　10.lose_weight 减肥 ‎　11.be_ashamed_of对……感到羞愧 　12.recover_from从……中恢复 ‎　13.put_on_weight 增加体重 　14.in_no_time 立刻，马上 ‎*15.give_out分发；用尽；发出(光、热等) 　16.take_the/a_risk 冒险 ‎　17.look_good 看起来很好 　18.feel_good感觉舒服 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．The moon, which doesn't give_out light itself, is only a satellite of the earth.‎ ‎2．It took me some time to work_out what was causing this.‎ ‎3．I know you are_dying_to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.‎ ‎4．What they have done is worthwhile for the environment in_the_long_term.‎ ‎5．On seeing each other, Jean and Paul have fallen_out with each other again.‎ ‎6．If you want to be slimmer, you'd better go_on_a_diet and do more exercise strictly.,[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．keep healthy/fit　　　　保持健康 ‎2．develop a healthy eating habit养成健康的饮食习惯 ‎3．build up a body 增强体质 ‎4．be good for 对……有益 ‎5．be harmful to health 有害健康 ‎6．be high/low in 含……高/低 ‎7．the weightloss pills 减肥药 ‎8．take in too much fat 摄入过多的脂肪 ‎9．be rich in vitamins, fibre and mineral 富含维生素、纤维和矿物质 ‎10．western fast food 西式快餐 ‎11．keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 ‎12．green vegetables 蔬菜 ‎13．regular exercise 有规律的锻炼 ‎14．get overweight 变得肥胖 ‎15．get rid of smoking 戒烟 ‎16．do more exercise 多加锻炼 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．while引导并列句 ‎ ‎[例句]　Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors. ‎ ‎[仿写]　经过一天的学习，我总是感到筋疲力尽，但努力追求理想是值得的。(2017·天津高考满分作文)‎ I always feel exhausted after a day's study, while_it_is_worthwhile_to_try my_best to_pursue_my_ideal.‎ ‎2. as引导方式状语从句 ‎[例句]　I think you look great as you are, and you're a wonderful person.‎ ‎[仿写]　你应该像以前那样提前预习功课。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)‎ You should prepare your lessons in advance as_you_did_before.‎ ‎3．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎[例句]　Water helps keep your system clean.‎ ‎[仿写]　夏季躺在树下让我很放松。(2016·四川高考写作佳句)‎ Lying under the tree in summer keeps_me_very_relaxed.‎ ‎4．so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语 ‎[例句]　Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.‎ ‎[仿写]　许多游客会爱上泰山，你也将会的。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ Many tourists will fall in love with Mount Tai, and so_will_you.,[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before.‎ 如今人们开始比以往更重视他们的健康。‎ ‎2．With the improvement of the living standards, more and more people, especially children, are suffering from obesity.‎ 随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人，尤其是孩子，正在饱受肥胖之苦。‎ ‎3．Generally speaking, the food that is high in sugar is not healthy.‎ 一般来说，含糖量太高的食物不健康。‎ ‎4．A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us keep healthy both physically and mentally.‎ 均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼能帮助我们保持身心健康。‎ ‎5．Do more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel relaxed and energetic.‎ 多加锻炼，保证充足的睡眠，你就会感到放松和精力充沛。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Which one is healthier, the Chinese food or the western fast food? ‎ In my opinion, the Chinese food. Firstly, it contains a lot of fruits and green vegetables. It is rich in fiber and low in sugar and fat. Secondly, it's very delicious and has many dishes, providing us with all kinds of nutrition. So many Chinese people's figures are slim, which can keep them fit. I believe “Looking good, feeling good”．,　　哪一个是较健康的，中式饮食还是西式快餐？‎ 在我看来，是中式饮食。首先，它含有大量的水果和绿色蔬菜。它含有丰富的纤维并且低糖低脂。其次，它非常美味，有许多道菜，为我们提供各种营养。因此，许多中国人的身材是苗条的，这可以让他们保持健康。我相信“看起来好，感觉就好”。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．figure n．[C]体形；数字；人物；画像；雕像；人影vt.& vi.考虑；估计；计算；认为 ‎　[教材原句]　Most young women want a slim figure these days, especially here in Canada.‎ 现在大多数年轻女士都想拥有一个苗条的身材，尤其是在加拿大这个地方。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中figure的含义 ‎①As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. 人物 ‎②Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.体形 ‎③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job. 数字 ‎④Lisa was very frightened as she saw a figure in the darkness.人影 ‎⑤David Dominoni requested the clerk to figure out his income tax.计算 ‎⑥I figure that he was drunk and shouldn't be allowed to drive.认为 figure out　　　　　　理解；想出；计算出 keep one's figure 保持体形 ‎⑦The art historians tried to figure_out how the temple might have looked when built around 15 B．C.‎ 艺术历史学家试图弄清楚这座庙宇大约在公元前15年建造时的面貌。‎ ‎⑧—I wonder how Mary has kept_her_figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.(2015·福建高考)‎ ‎——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持她的身材的。‎ ‎——通过每天锻炼。‎ ‎2．contain vt.包含；容纳 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.‎ 它们(那些减肥药片)含有一种有害的化学物质，导致了我肝功能衰竭。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ contain 侧重于所含有之物的数量或成分；既可指具体有形的东西，也可指无形的东西 include 侧重指范围，其主语和宾语属于同类。是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构 选词填空：contain/include The box contains a number of letters, including those from her friends in China and of course her parents' letters included as well.‎ 盒子里有许多信，包括那些她在中国的朋友写来的，当然还有她父母的信。‎ ‎3．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害 ‎　[教材原句]　My mother is right: don't damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.‎ 我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条动人的身材而损害自己的健康。‎ damage crops　　　　 　　　破坏庄稼 damage sb.'s career/reputation/health ‎ 损害某人的事业/名誉/健康 do/cause (great) damage to... 对……造成(很大的)损害 ‎①Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage_crops. (2017·江苏高考阅读)‎ 没有冰川，水会到达河流，有时会破坏庄稼。 ‎ ‎②Too much packaging does/causes_damage_to the environment. ‎ 包装太多对环境有害。 ‎ ‎③He won't do anything that may damage_his_reputation. ‎ 他不会做任何有可能损害他名誉的事情。‎ ‎4．prefer vt.更喜欢；认为……胜过 ‎　[教材原句]　Instead, I prefer to exercise at home, and it seems that I am always going on a diet.‎ 相反，我更喜欢在家锻炼，而且似乎我总是在节食。‎ ‎(1)prefer (sb.) to do sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. ‎ ‎ 喜欢(做)……胜过(做)……‎ ‎(2)宁愿做……而 不愿意做……‎ ‎(3)preference n．　 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物 have a preference for　 对……偏爱 ‎①As for me, I prefer to_choose (choose) friends similar to myself. ‎ 至于我，我宁愿选择和我自己有相似之处的朋友。‎ ‎②Nowadays more and more people prefer living in the country to living in the city.‎ 现在越来越多的人喜欢住在农村而不喜欢住在城市。‎ ‎③A teacher should not have a preference (prefer) for any one of his pupils.‎ 教师不应该偏向他的任何一个学生。‎ ‎④She prefers_to walk to work rather_than drive a car. ‎ ‎＝She would_rather walk to work than drive a car. ‎ ‎＝She would walk to work rather_than drive a car. ‎ 她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)prefer＝like better, 因此不能和比较级连用。‎ ‎(2)prefer的过去式和过去分词是preferred, preferred。‎ ‎5．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受；经历vi.受苦；受损失；患病 ‎　[教材原句]　There is news about a Canadian actress who suffered liver failure because of taking those pills.‎ 有新闻说一位加拿大女演员因服用那些药患上了肝功能衰竭。‎ ‎(1)suffer from　　　　　遭受……之苦；患……病 suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat ... 遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败等 ‎(2)suffering n. 痛苦，遭受 ‎①Reading fiction helps those who do not suffer_from_loneliness to understand lonely people.‎ 阅读小说可以帮助那些不孤独的人理解孤独的人。‎ ‎②If that were true, both companies would suffer_great_loss. ‎ 如果那是真的， 双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。‎ ‎③Experiencing_personal_suffering is a necessary part of our growth. ‎ 经历个人痛苦是我们成长过程中必不可少的一部分。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)suffer 用作及物动词时，指“遭受、经历(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，无被动语态。‎ ‎(2)suffer用作不及物动词时，常与from连用，意为“受……之苦，患……病”。‎ ‎6．effect n．效果，作用；影响 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　However, they have side effects, which will damage your health.‎ 然而，它们有副作用，对你的健康有害。‎ ‎(1)side effect　　　　　　　副作用 have an/no effect on 对……有(没有)影响 come into effect 开始实施；生效 take effect 见效，开始起作用 in effect 实际上；在实施中，有效 ‎(2)effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地 ‎(3)affect vt. 影响 ‎①However, effective (effect) debates do not require angry quarrels and embarrassments. (2018·苏州模拟)‎ 然而，有效的辩论不需要愤怒的争吵和尴尬。‎ ‎②Every employee of the company is required to solve the problems in working effectively (effect)．‎ 公司的每个员工必须有效地解决工作中出现的问题。‎ ‎③Sometimes, the adults could be_affected (affect) by the violence content if they often get in touch with it.‎ 成年人如果经常接触暴力内容有时也会受到影响。‎ ‎7．count vi.认为，算作；重要 vt.数数 ‎　[教材原句]　Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.‎ 步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中count的含义 ‎①She was counting her money with joy.数数 ‎②If you're all going to the party, you can count me in.算作 ‎③Hurry up！Every minute now counts.重要 ‎④On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.认为 count ... in　　　　　把……计算在内，包括……‎ count ... out 不包括 count on/upon(＝depend/rely on/upon ) 依赖，依靠； 指望 count for much/little 价值大/不大 count ... as ... 把……看作……‎ count up(＝add up) 把……加起来 ‎⑤That was the first time she had counted_on/upon me in a moment of emergency. ‎ 那是第一次她在紧急时刻依赖我。‎ ‎⑥Compared to yours our contributions count_for_little. ‎ 与你们的贡献比较起来，我们的算不了什么。‎ ‎⑦Her_opinion_counts because of her experience.‎ 因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。‎ ‎8．concentrate vt.& vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注 ‎ ‎　[高考佳句]　I concentrate my energy on reading Haiguo Tuzhi, which introduced a lot of modern technologies and ideas to China.(2016·北京高考书面表达)‎ 我集中精力阅读《海国图志》，它把许多现代的技术和理念介绍到中国。‎ ‎(1)concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on　　　　　　　把心思/注意力/精力集中于 concentrate on 集中精力于，全神贯注于 ‎(2)concentration n. 专注，专心 ‎(3)concentrated adj. 专心的，聚精会神的 ‎①If you are unable to concentrate_your_attention,_you are unable to achieve at your best level. ‎ 如果你不能集中注意力，你就无法达到最好的水平。‎ ‎②She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate_on her studies. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 为了集中精力学习，她已拒绝了几个节目主演的邀请。‎ ‎③My_concentration slipped and it felt as if my brain was slowing down. ‎ 我的注意力不集中，感觉好像我的大脑在变得迟钝。‎ ‎[联想发散]　concentrate on“专注于”的同义短语有：‎ ‎①fix/focus one's attention/mind on/upon ...‎ ‎②be absorbed in (doing) ... ‎ ‎③bury oneself in ... 　　④be buried in ...‎ ‎⑤put one's heart into ⑥devote oneself to ...‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．failure n．失败；衰退，衰竭；故障，失灵 单句语法填空 ‎①A quick review of successes and failures (fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead. (2017·江苏高考)‎ ‎②He felt like a loser when he failed to_pass (pass) the driving test.‎ ‎③To his comfort, his art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.‎ ‎ [点拨]　failure n．[U]失败；[C]一个失败的人/一件失败的事。‎ ‎2．ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的 ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①I'm trying to lose weight because I'm so ashamed (shame) of my body.‎ ‎②It's a shame that he was caught stealing in class.‎ ‎③What a shame! She should fail this round. ‎ ‎④To my shame, I never did something for you when you're in trouble.‎ ‎3．amount n．数量 ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①Proper amounts of childcare do (do) good to grandparents.‎ ‎②A good amount of sleep every night is (be) also important for your health.‎ ‎③The total sales of the company didn't amount to more than a million dollars.‎ ‎④Each year the amount of mail going through the Angelica Post Office increases(increase) during late November and early December. (2018·沈阳模拟)‎ ‎[点拨]　“(large) amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“a large/small amount of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.‎ ‎2．Large amounts of money were_spent (spend) on the bridge between the two villages.‎ ‎3．Actually, Henry felt ashamed (shame) of having done so little work.‎ ‎4．While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure (fail)．‎ ‎5．He had plastic surgery to help reconstruct his badly damaged (damage) face.‎ ‎6．Shala often looks through the websites containing (contain) information about the changes of the shares.‎ ‎7．Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jams.‎ ‎8．You can count on/upon him for a truthful report of the accident.‎ ‎9．Tony is concentrating his mind on listening to his teacher.‎ ‎10．They're trying to figure out what caused this hard situation. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．He can perform an astonishing variety of acts, included mime and juggling (杂耍)．included→including ‎2．My cousin is so noisy that I have difficulty concentrating for my study.for→on ‎3．The professor preferred giving lectures to students to go to the party.go→going ‎4．This experiment turned out to be failure, but, as we know, success often comes after failure.第一个failure前加a ‎5．His digital camera got damaging when it fell to the ground. ‎ damaging→damaged ‎6．People who are in a diet mustn't have chocolate._in→on ‎7．First of all, two subways have been built in my city to ease the traffic pressures. pressures→pressure ‎8．It's embarrassed that I still do not know his name. embarrassed→embarrassing Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．They're trying to figure_out_the_truth_of_the_fire (弄清楚火灾的真相)．‎ ‎2．I behaved badly yesterday and I am_ashamed_of_myself (自我羞愧) now.‎ ‎3．I received a letter containing_some_information_about_the_project (包含关于这个项目的一些信息)．‎ ‎4．The contract will come_into_effect (生效) next month.‎ ‎5．自从她出国以后，他一直专心工作。‎ ‎①Since she went abroad, he_has_concentrated_his_mind_on his work. (concentrate)‎ ‎②Since she went abroad, he_has_devoted_himself_to his work.(devote)‎ ‎③Since she went abroad, he_has_buried_himself_in his work. (bury)‎ ‎④Since she went abroad, he_has_been_absorbed_in his work. (absorb)‎ ‎⑤Since she went abroad, he has put_his_heart_into his work. (put)‎ ‎6．她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。‎ ‎① She preferred_to_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)‎ ‎②She preferred_going_with_us_to_staying behind alone.(prefer doing sth. to doing sth.)‎ ‎③ She would_rather_go_with_us_than_stay behind alone.(would rather do sth. than do sth.)‎ ‎④ She would_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(would do sth. rather than do sth.)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．work out锻炼；计算出；(有预期的)结果；解决(问题)；制订出(计划等)‎ ‎　[教材原句]　I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don't work out any more.‎ 我过去一周去健身房三次，但我(现在)不再锻炼了。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中work out的含义 ‎①The three parties will meet next month to work out remaining differences.解决 ‎②Just don't work out too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up.锻炼 ‎③We didn't plan our art exhibition, but it worked out well. 结果 ‎④They must work out a plan as quickly as possible. 制订出 ‎(1)work on　　　　　　　　从事(某工作)；致力于……‎ work (hard) at (努力)学习……；认真做 work with 与……共事/合作 work as 作为/担任某职务 ‎(2)at work 在工作 out of work 失业 ‎⑤He has spent two years working_on a book about childcare.‎ 他已经花了两年的时间写一本关于育儿方面的书。‎ ‎⑥I have made up my mind to work_hard_at English. ‎ 我下决心努力学英语。‎ ‎2．fall out (头发等)脱落；吵架 ‎　[教材原句]　After your friend taking this kind of pill for some time, his hair might fall out ...‎ 你朋友服用这种药一段时间后，他的头发可能会脱落……‎ fall asleep　　　　　　　入睡，熟睡 fall down 摔倒 fall off 从……掉下来 fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall in love with 爱上 fall for 对……信以为真 ‎①It is a fact that many married people fall_out over money.‎ 事实是大多数结了婚的人会为钱吵架。‎ ‎②I rushed for the door and fell_down in the hallway.‎ 我冲向门口，在过道跌倒了。‎ ‎③He fell_behind,_so he had to quicken up his pace to catch up with us.‎ 他落在后面，所以他必须加快步子赶上我们。‎ ‎④Jim fell_in_love_with her at first sight.‎ 吉姆第一眼见到她就爱上了她。‎ ‎⑤Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell_asleep.‎ 如释重负，我坐在安乐椅上睡着了。‎ ‎3．in the long term 从长远角度看，长期内 ‎　[教材原句]　Diets are useless in the long term, yet approximately 20% of teenagers say they have tried going on a diet and skipping meals to control their weight.‎ 从长远角度讲，节食并不能奏效，然而有大约20%的青少年声称，他们曾试着节食或者有时不吃饭以控制自己的体重。‎ in the long run　　　　　从长远角度看，长期内 in the short term/run 就短期角度看，就眼前来说 in terms of 就……而言，在……方面； 依据 be on good/bad terms with sb. 　与某人关系好/不好 come to terms with 与……妥协；对……让步 ‎①It's for the benefit of all of us in_the_long_run.‎ 从长远看，这是为了我们所有人的利益。‎ ‎②In_terms_of individual players, we have a great team but the problem is that they don't play football together well at all. ‎ 在球员个人方面，我们有一支伟大的球队，但问题是，他们在一起根本就踢不好足球。‎ ‎③We have been on_good_terms_with our neighbors for all these years.‎ 这么多年来我们一直和邻居关系很好。‎ ‎④Finally she had to come_to_terms_with her competitor. ‎ 最后她不得不来向她的竞争对手妥协。‎ ‎4．I think you look great as_you_are,_and you're a wonderful person.‎ 我觉得你目前这个样子看上去就很棒，而且你是一个非常优秀的人。‎ as you are是方式状语从句，意为“你本来的样子”。as是连词，意为“按照，像……一样，正如”。‎ as的其他用法：‎ ‎(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“一边……一边……”，强调两个动作同时发生。‎ ‎(2)引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”。‎ ‎(3)引导比较状语从句，用于as ...as或not so/as ...as中。‎ ‎(4)引导让步状语从句，从句用倒装语序，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋主语＋系动词/助动词”结构。(注意：表语是名词时，名词前无冠词)‎ ‎①I am short and thin but I run fast.I hope they will accept me as_I_am.‎ 我又矮又瘦，但是我跑得很快。我希望他们能够按我现在的样子接受我。‎ ‎②You'll grow wiser as_you_grow_older.‎ 你会随着年龄的增长越来越聪明。‎ ‎③As_you're_not_feeling_well,_you may stay at home.‎ 既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。‎ ‎④He doesn't speak English as/so_fluently_as_you.‎ 他的英语说得不如你流利。‎ ‎⑤Child_as_he_is,_he knows to help others.‎ 他虽然是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。‎ ‎5．Water helps keep_your_system_clean. ‎ 水有助于保持人体内部系统清洁。‎ ‎“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。其中宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。‎ ‎①Make sure to keep_the_lights_off before you leave the office.‎ 在你离开办公室之前一定要把灯关掉。‎ ‎②To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep_this_card_at_hand.(2016·北京高考)‎ 为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。‎ ‎③They use computers to keep the traffic running(run) smoothly.‎ 他们使用电脑来保持交通的平稳运行。‎ ‎④There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed (fix) on the sink until it's full. (2017·天津高考阅读)‎ 当这一切发生的时候，你绝对不能做任何事情，只需要把两只眼睛固定在水槽上直到它装满。‎ ‎[联想发散]　常见的后跟复合宾语的动词有：‎ ‎①使役动词keep, make, let, have, leave, get, set等；‎ ‎②感官动词see, look at, notice, observe, find, catch, listen to, hear, feel, smell等。‎ ‎6．Walking and riding your bike count, and so_do_school_sports.‎ 步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“……也这样”。‎ ‎(2)“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，可翻译为“……也不这样”。‎ ‎(3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is/was with ...或It is/was the same with ...。‎ ‎①He has made up his mind to continue with his studies, and so_have_I.‎ 他决定继续自己的学业，我也是。‎ ‎②If you won't go, neither_shall_we.‎ 如果你不去，我们也不去。‎ ‎③He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; so_it_is_with_his_sister/I is_the_same with his_sister.‎ 他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“so＋主语＋系动词/助动词/情态动词”用于对前面的事实加以肯定，有“的确如此”之意。‎ ‎④Kate did very well in the football match and so_she_did.‎ 凯特在足球赛场表现很好，的确如此。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.介、副词填空 ‎1．He didn't imagine such a little boy could work out the question.‎ ‎2．The young lady is going on a diet to lose some weight.‎ ‎3．The agreement should have very positive results in the long term.‎ ‎4．As a matter of fact, he doesn't like this director, nor does he like his films.‎ ‎5．My cousin must have made an effort to get into shape. ‎ Ⅱ.同义句转换(每空一词)‎ ‎1．He fell down on his knees because of carelessness and found a tooth gone.‎ ‎→His tooth fell out because of him falling down on his knees carelessly.‎ ‎2．The students should make full use of the books in the school library.‎ ‎→The students should make the most/best of the books in the school library.‎ ‎3．Taking exercise regularly in the morning is a good habit for my grandfather.‎ ‎→Working out regularly in the morning is a good habit for my grandfather.‎ Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．你们务必照我的样子去做每一件事。(as引导方式状语从句)‎ You must do everything as_I_do.‎ ‎2．他们开晚会的吵闹声让我很长时间没睡着。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ The noise from their party kept_me_awake for a long time.‎ ‎3．学习需要热情，友谊也一样。(so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语)‎ Study needs enthusiasm, and so_does_friendship.‎ ‎4．我想知道在哪里能再次找到那个信息。(疑问词＋不定式)‎ I wonder where_to_find_that information again.‎ ‎5．如果你不参加会议，我也不会的。(neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语)‎ If you don't attend the meeting, neither/nor_will_I. ‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 slim， figure， include， contain， count， be dying to， in the long term， make the most of， keep fit， as a matter of fact， get into shape ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①每个人都渴望有一个苗条的身材，你也是。‎ Everyone is_dying_to have a slim_figure and you are, too. ‎ ‎②健康的饮食包括多吃含有水果和蔬菜的食物。‎ A healthy diet includes_the_food which contains_a_lot_of_fruit_and_vegetables. ‎ ‎③从长远的角度来看，青少年培养健康的饮食习惯很重要。‎ It counts much for the teenagers to develop healthy eating habits in_the_long_term. ‎ ‎④许多人通过充分利用体育运动来保持健康。‎ Many people make_the_most_of sports to keep_fit. ‎ ‎⑤实际上，体育运动有助于强身健体。‎ As_a_matter_of_fact,_sports help get_into_shape. ‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语改写句①‎ Everyone_is_dying_to_have_a_slim_figure,_and_so_are_you.‎ ‎(2)用现在分词作定语改写句②‎ A_healthy_diet_includes_the_food__containing_a_lot_of_fruit_and_vegetables.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first, in addition, also)‎ Everyone is dying to have a slim figure, and so are you. First, we need a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes the food containing a lot of fruit and vegetables. It counts much for the teenagers to develop healthy eating habits in the long term. In addition, many people make the most of sports to keep fit. As a matter of fact, sports help get into shape, which also improve our health.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——多个定语从句混用的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 It's the same in China — many people, some of whom are not 本句是主从复合句，包含两个非限制性定语从句：some of whom are not overweight ‎ overweight at all, are always going on a diet or taking weightloss pills, which are often dangerous.‎ ‎ at all和which are often dangerous; or连接两个并列成分going on a diet和taking weightloss pills。‎ Bradford把房子和土地卖给了一家当地的开发公司，这家公司打算在原来是剧院的位置建一家购物中心。‎ 真题长难句 Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 本句是主从复合句，包含两个定语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词firm, where引导的定语从句修饰先行词land。‎ ‎ “减肥”是高中新课程标准24个话题“饮食与健康”中的重要组成部分。正所谓“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”“爱美之心，人皆有之”。减肥已成为了当今社会的时尚话题。因此人们对于健康饮食也提出了更高的要求——吃出美，吃出健康。这些信息都直接或间接地反映在高考试题中，尤其是阅读理解和写作中。‎ 一、话题与听力 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10．Where are the speakers?‎ A．In a hospital. B．In the office.　C．At home.‎ ‎11．When is the report due?‎ A．Thursday. B．Friday. C．Next Monday.‎ ‎12．What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?‎ A．Improve it.‎ B．Hand it in later.‎ C．Leave it with him.‎ ‎[听力原文]‎ ‎(Text 8)‎ M：You look pale, Stephanie! What's wrong?‎ W：I don't feel good.I have a bad headache.In fact, I haven't got much sleep this past week, and I feel really tired.‎ M：Why don't you go to see a doctor? ‎ W：Yeah, I think I should.But I have a report due tomorrow.Ms.Jenkins means it for the board meeting next Monday.‎ M：Well, it's Wednesday today.Why don't you talk to Ms.Jenkins and ask if you can hand it in on Friday morning?‎ W：Maybe I should try.I guess I just need a good sleep.Thanks, Gorge.‎ M：If you need any help for the report, just let me know.‎ ‎[听力答案]　10.B　11.A　12.B ‎[关键词句]　‎ ‎1．pressure n．　　　　　　　压迫；压力 ‎2．stress n. 精神压力；心理负担 ‎3．harmful adj. 有害的 ‎4．unhealthy adj. 不健康的；不卫生的 ‎5．unfit adj. 不健康的 ‎6．be infected with 传染上 ‎7．put on weight 增加体重 ‎8．suffer from 遭受；患上 ‎9．break down (身体)垮掉 ‎10．treatment n. 治疗；疗法 ‎11．recover from 从……中恢复 ‎12．cure sb. of ... 治愈某人……‎ ‎13．relieve the pain 减轻痛苦 ‎14．operate on/perform an operation on sb.　给某人动手术 ‎15．We'd better take part in more outdoor activities instead of sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time, which is bad for our health.‎ 我们最好多参加一些户外活动，而不要在电视、电脑前坐很长时间，这对身体有害。‎ 二、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·天津高考)‎ At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to __16__ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of __17__ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my __18__.‎ When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me __19__. I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this __20__ weight any more.‎ That year, I __21__ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her __22__ story — she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised D|S25,000 for homeless children.‎ ‎__23__ by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals __24__. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 __25__ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __26__ me as the perfect solution.‎ ‎__27__ I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would __28__ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the __29__ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right __30__. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began __31__ in from hundreds of people.‎ Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician (内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and __32__ meals. My fundraising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise __33__.‎ A year later, I __34__ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised ＄50,000! I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is __35__ and enormous.‎ ‎16．A.add　　　　　　　　 B．mix C．kill D．share ‎17．A.diets B．drinks C．fruits D．dishes ‎18．A.height B．ability ‎ C．wisdom D．weight ‎19．A.temporarily B．recently C．seriously D．secretly ‎20．A.ideal B．extra ‎ C．normal D．low ‎21．A.attended B．organized C．recommended D．mentioned ‎22．A.folk B．success ‎ C．adventure D．science ‎23．A.Surprised B．Amused C．Influenced D．Disturbed ‎24．A.project B．business C．system D．custom ‎25．A.in search of B．in need of C．in place of D．in support of ‎26．A.scared B．considered C．confused D．struck ‎27．A.As B．Until C．If D．Unless ‎28．A.get over B．run into C．look for D．put aside ‎29．A.excitement B．joy C．anger D．fear ‎30．A.row B．hall C．path D．street ‎31．A.breaking B．flooding C．jumping D．stepping ‎32．A.heavy B．full C．expensive D．healthy ‎33．A.regularly B．limitlessly C．suddenly D．randomly ‎34．A.set B．reached C．missed D．dropped ‎35．A.stressful B．painful C．meaningful D．peaceful ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由文章首句“At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.”和文中关键信息词、句“When I was 50” “That year”“A year later”可知本文为记叙文。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 结合文中“food, weight problem, fitness coach”等话题词汇和“weighed, heal, lose weight”等关键信息词汇可知本文是有关“减肥”的事情。本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直想减肥，但是都没有成功。后来她又开始减肥，但是这次的目的不同：减肥的同时，为流浪儿童募捐。以这个目标为动力，作者终于减肥成功并做了一件有意义的事。‎ ‎16．选C　根据下文中的“to make myself feel better”可知，作者用食物消除(kill)自己的负面情绪。add“增加”，mix“混合”，share“分享”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎17．‎ 选A　作者担心自己的健康，为了控制饮食和体重试过许多种节食(diets)的办法。drinks“饮料”，fruits“水果”，dishes“菜肴”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎18．选D　作者担忧自己的健康问题，但许多节食办法都没用，于是觉得对自己的体重(weight)没办法了。‎ ‎19．选C　作者50岁的时候，体重问题更加突出，严重地(seriously)影响作者的健康。temporarily“暂时地”，recently“最近”，secretly“秘密地”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎20．选B　上文说到作者饱受自己体重问题的困扰，因此这里用形容词extra表示“额外的”，作者决心要开始甩掉身上多余的肉。‎ ‎21．选A　从选项的词义和搭配看，这里应该用动词attended与seminar(培训会)搭配，表示作者参加了一个培训会。‎ ‎22．选B　培训会的一个领导者讲述自己不仅减重125磅，还为流浪儿童募集了两万五千美元，这是一个成功(success)的故事。folk“民谣”，adventure“冒险”，science“科学”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎23．选C　作者受到这个领导者的故事的影响(Influenced)，创办了一个项目。surprised“使惊奇”，amused“逗笑”，disturbed“打扰”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎24．选A　这是作者创办的一个项目，因此用名词project表示“项目，方案”，“project”在下文多处被提到。‎ ‎25．选D　作者的目标是减重150磅并募集五万美元来支持一项开始于30年前的旨在消除饥饿的运动，因此用in support of表示“支持”。in search of“寻找”，in need of“需要”，in place of“代替”。‎ ‎26．选D　把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来，这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法，动词strike可以表示“(以某种方式)给某人留下印象”，因此选D。‎ ‎27．选A　as引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”，这里说的是当作者开始实施自己的减肥计划的时候，又担心这次会遇到(run into)和以前减肥中一样的困难。‎ ‎28．选B　run into表示“遇到”，与后面的difficulties呼应，表示“遇到困难”。‎ ‎29．选D　上文提到作者的担心，害怕会遇到先前的那些困难，因此选D表示“害怕”。‎ ‎30．选C　while引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”，这里表示作者觉得自己这次走在正确的道路(path)上，因此选C。‎ ‎31．选B　这里表示捐款大量涌来，flood在此用作动词表示“涌进”，符合语境。‎ ‎32．选D　这里说的是作者饮食的变化，吃得少，而且吃得很健康(healthy)。吃得很多(heavy)，吃得很饱(full)，吃的东西很贵(expensive)，都不符合语境。‎ ‎33．选A　作者经常锻炼，regularly表示“有规律地，经常地”。‎ ‎34．选B　这里说的是作者一年之后实现(reached)了自己先前设定的目标，因此选B。‎ ‎35．选C　作者在这里发出感悟，自己在减肥的同时做了一件有意义而又伟大的事，因此选C。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法1]　利用词汇复现解题 复现信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以用不同的词表达相同的意思。词汇复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个空格处与上下文的已知词汇有复现关系，那么选项中与上下文中已知词汇意义相同或相近的选项便可能是正确答案。‎ 例如第17题，由上文的“At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds”和“a very poor relationship with food”可知，此处应是相近词diets“节食”。第18题，由上文的“I weighed 370 pounds”可知，此处应填weight，此题词性转换，而意义相同。第24题，由上文“we were asked to create a project”以及下文“telling them about my project”可知，应填project，此处为原词复现。第29题，由上文“I was filled with the fear”可知此处应填fear。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．create vt.　　　　　　　　　产生；创造 ‎2．seminar n. 研讨会；培训会 ‎3．raise vt. 筹集资金 ‎4．found vt. 创办，成立 ‎5．combination n. 结合 ‎6．motivation n. 动机，动力 ‎7．consult with 咨询；与……协商 ‎8．not ... any more 不再 ‎9．fitness coach 体能教练 ‎10．devote to 专注于……‎ ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering (遭受) great pain and discomfort.‎ ‎2．As is known to all, failure (失败) is a stepping stone to success. ‎ ‎3．(2018·衡水模拟)Just as I was wondering what to do next, I saw a familiar figure (人物) passing by our classroom.‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse, the amount (数量) of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ ‎5．Some evidences show that recent life style changes may be affecting (影响) people's eating habits.‎ ‎6．It is not how much you read but what you read that counts(重要)．‎ ‎7．(2018·南昌模拟)Luckily, there wasn't much damage (损害) to our house, but some of my friends were left homeless.‎ ‎8．The cost of the project is expected to be approximately (大约) $1 billion.‎ ‎9．The president gained (获得) high evaluation from his people due to his excellent work.‎ ‎10．Italy's industrial districts are concentrated (集中) in its northcentral and northeastern regions.‎ ‎11．The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable (comfort) to sit in.‎ ‎12．Some supermodels are far too skinny to be attractive (attract) enough.‎ ‎13．He has now made a full recovery (recover) from his suffering. ‎ ‎14．It's a pity that many patients are not getting the medical treatment (treat) they need.‎ ‎15．It will give you a sense of achievement (achieve) if you actually make it to ‎ the end of a very long book.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．On the short term, the company has no hope of making profit. On→In ‎2．Jenny is a success as a teacher, but failure as an actress. failure前加a ‎3．Large amounts of water has been polluted in the past few years. has→have ‎4．Liu Hulan preferred die rather than surrender before the enemy.die前加to ‎5．When I came in, the man is concentrating his mind for the Internet. for→on ‎6．We can't figure on why so many people were taken in by such a simple trick.on→out ‎7．He looked behind from time to time so he went forward.so→as ‎8．He can't cook, and neither do I．do→can ‎9．Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables, all of them are good for her health. them→which ‎10．Wet and fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.第一个and→or Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我的同学经常在早晨读半小时英文，我也一样。(so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语)‎ My classmates usually read English for half an hour in the morning, and so_do_I.‎ ‎2．老板让我们随时告诉他最新的进展。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ The boss ordered us to keep_him_informed_of the fresh developments.‎ ‎3．他已经按照老师的建议修改了工作申请书。(as引导方式状语从句)‎ He has redone his job application as_the_teacher_suggested.‎ ‎4．在这个世界上， 没有什么比生命和健康更宝贵。(nothing＋be＋比较级＋than...)‎ Nothing_is_more_valuable_than life and health in the world.‎ ‎5．你认为谁会赢得一万米赛跑的冠军？(插入语do you think)‎ Who_do_you_think will win the champion of 10, 000metre race?‎ ‎6．就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。(in terms of)‎ The job is great in_terms_of_salary,_but it has its disadvantages.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse (冲动), but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.‎ One of the newest taboos (禁忌) in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not a taboo to talk about fat; it's a taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthfullooking executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, selfdiscipline and selfrespect. In an imageconscious society like the U. S．， thin is “in” but fat is “out”．‎ It's not surprising that millions of Americans have become crazy about staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the only reason for America's fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the lifestyle of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from one point to another. As a result of inactivity, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable (易受攻击的) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.‎ 语篇解读：文章介绍了现在在美国社会人们普遍的禁忌是肥胖，并且分析了美国人要保持苗条的原因。‎ ‎1．From the text we can infer a taboo is considered ________.‎ A．unacceptable in people's eyes B．popular with people C．favorable impression left on other people D．a crime committed on impulse 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段的开头“One of ‎ the newest taboos (禁忌) in American society is the topic of fat.”由此可知，禁忌指的是不被人接受的行为。故选A项。‎ ‎2．According to the text we can conclude in American society “being fat” ________.‎ A．hasn't long been a taboo B．will remain a taboo C．can't be a taboo D．is not considered a taboo by most people 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，肥胖和其他的社会禁忌话题不同，肥胖是美国人一直谈论的话题。谈论肥胖不是禁忌，但是，肥胖却是禁忌。故选B项。‎ ‎3．In the U. S．， that thin is “in” but fat is “out” most probably means ________.‎ A．thin is “lazy” but fat is “kind”‎ B．thin is “old” but fat is “youthful”‎ C．thin is “unsuccessful” but fat is “successful”‎ D．thin is “popular” but fat is “unpopular”‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The ‘in’ look is thin ...”可知，瘦是一种时尚，而肥胖是过时的。故选D项。‎ ‎4．Why are so many Americans exercising more?‎ A．To keep strong and free from disease.‎ B．To find good jobs in the companies.‎ C．To encourage their children.‎ D．To avoid becoming old.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Recent research has shown the importance of diet and exercise for personal health.”可知，美国人热衷于锻炼的主要原因是他们想保持健康。故选A项。‎ B ‎(2018·山东烟台模拟)Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.‎ ‎“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents' health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.‎ The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents' age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.‎ Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn't a relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while nonhelpers lived for four years on average.‎ ‎“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.‎ Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering. “Children should take_into_account their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” he suggested.‎ ‎“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what ‘proper amounts of help’ means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”‎ 语篇解读：德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。‎ ‎5．What is the caregiving study based on?‎ A．Human evolutionary history.‎ B．Demand of modern society.‎ C．Social contact between relatives.‎ D．Data on many elderly people.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。‎ ‎6．In Arpino's opinion, childcare ________.‎ A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．allows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据题干中的Arpino's opinion定位至第五段第一句可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?‎ A．Limit.　　　　　　 B．Ignore.‎ C．Favor. D．Consider.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities”及画线部分后的“... their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，take into account意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。‎ ‎8．What does the last paragraph tell us?‎ A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests.‎ B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities.‎ C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents.‎ D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As long as you do not feel stressed ... good for others as well as for yourself”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。‎ 单元检测B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·宁夏银川一中月考)An epidemic (流行病) of the use of streetculture language broke out in some English exams, according to examiners.‎ A report said there were “a surprising number of small mistakes” in standard English. It asked teachers that they should prevent pupils from using “street language and text style”， adding, “Most answers require formal expression of language.”‎ ‎“Many concerns were expressed by examiners about basic errors, often appearing in the work of clearly able students，”the report continued.‎ It added that the use of street and text language “appeared with surprisingly regularity in the work of students who clearly desired a higher grade”．‎ ‎“Most answers require formal expression but even when an informal style is appropriate — students should know the examination context and, in particular, should not use street language and text style，” it said.‎ There is rising concern about pupils' writing skills, especially among boys. National test results for 11yearold boys' writing standards had fallen this year. Only 55 percent reached the level expected of an 11yearold by the time they left primary school, the results showed.‎ Many educationalists are now arguing that teachers should also think of ways of improving writing standards.‎ The report said spelling was “in general inconsistent (不一致)” and “variety of vocabulary and of sentence structure is often limited”. It went on，“Punctuation (标点符号) errors continue to be widespread.”‎ However, it added，“Some examiners felt that this year they had met an improvement in the whole structure of students' writing.” ‎ ‎1．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．The streetculture language is being examined in English exams.‎ B．Street language is appearing in the standard English exams.‎ C．The English say no to the streetculture language in daily life.‎ D．What the streetculture language is in England.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了街头语言出现在英语考试中这一现象，故答案选B。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “appropriate” in Paragraph 5 means “________”．‎ A．comfortable　　　　　 B．possible C．acceptable D．valuable 解析：选C　词义猜测题。画线词前半句意为“大多数答案需要用规范的表达”，根据but可知此处表示转折，本句应理解为“非正式的形式也是可以接受的”，故appropriate在此处与acceptable意义相近，故选C。‎ ‎3．What problems concerned examiners?‎ A．Small mistakes in spelling and punctuation.‎ B．Limited vocabulary of boy pupils.‎ C．Teachers teaching writing skills.‎ D．Poor sentence structure and errors in spelling and standard English.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，mistakes in standard English是考试专家所担心的；根据倒数第二段内容可知，poor sentence structure和errors in spelling也是专家所担心的，故答案选D。‎ B ‎(2018·江西名校联考)Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.‎ The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Longliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough time.‎ Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous have no impact on whether study participants are likely to live longer.‎ ‎ Those who are more selfdisciplined, for instance, are no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas have no relationship with long life, which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their ways.‎ Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.‎ Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.‎ Personality isn't destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.‎ ‎4．According to the author, outgoing and sympathetic people ________.‎ A．have a good understanding of evolution B．are probably more active and neurotic C．are more likely to recover from hardship D．generally appear more resourceful 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“These findings ... those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough time.”可知，爱交友(外向)及乐于助人(有同情心)的人在困难时会有足够的资源助其渡过难关。故选C项。‎ ‎5．What finding of the study might be out of our expectation?‎ A．Helpful people can live a relatively long life.‎ B．Being selfdisciplined makes no difference to longevity.‎ C．Readiness to accept new ideas offers more possibility to enjoy longevity.‎ D．Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.‎ 解析：‎ 选B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，我们认为某些性格特征可能有益于长寿，然而事实并非如此，比如自律和长寿无关，这点出乎我们的意料。故选B项。‎ ‎6．What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?‎ A．Mothers' depression may affect their children's life spans.‎ B．People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die at a young age.‎ C．Mothers may have a longer influence on children than fathers.‎ D．Children's personality characteristics are always shaped by their mothers.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Patterns of childhood ... kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.”可知，母亲的抑郁情绪会影响孩子的寿命。故选A项。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?‎ A．Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one's life span.‎ B．A person's lifestyle is largely related to his or her health.‎ C．Personality plays a decisive and significant role in how healthy one is.‎ D．A mixture of mental and physical health produces longevity.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，长寿与否受身体健康和心理健康两方面的影响。由此可知选D项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Are you expecting better results in your life? Do you want to achieve more in your career and relationships? __1__ Here I'd like to share something you should change in your life to get what you want.‎ Change your priorities (优先顺序)‎ This is important if you want to live a balanced life. Many people are successful in their career but don't have good relationships with their companions or families because of wrong priorities. They put things like money and reputation above their relationships. Don't let it happen to you. __2__‎ Change your motivation Motivation is the reason why we do things. __3__ You can significantly change the way you do things simply by changing your motivation.‎ The way to change your motivation is to upgrade your motivation to higher levels. For example, if your motivation to work is money, you can upgrade it to ‎ helping others.‎ Change your habits Is there any bad habit that holds you back? __4__ For instance, perhaps you have the habit of rising late. But — since many people agree that early morning is the most productive time — that means that you lose the most productive time of the day. You can get better results simply by replacing the old habit with a new habit of rising early.‎ ‎__5__‎ Your inputs determine your outputs. There is no way you can get highquality outputs if you feed your mind with lowquality inputs. So watch your inputs carefully. What programs do you watch on TV? What books, magazines, or blogs do you read? Get rid of the lowquality inputs and replace them with highquality ones.‎ A．Change your inputs B．Change your outputs C．It gives us the power to move and work.‎ D．If so, we must change the way we do things.‎ E．You should put relationships as your top priority.‎ F．If the answer is yes, then you should replace it with a good one.‎ G．Take one new habit you want to build and do it every day for at least 30 days.‎ 语篇解读：文章就促进事业和人际关系的发展提出了几点建议，认为人们应当在生活中做出适当的改变。‎ ‎1．选D　根据设空前的问句以及设空后的“share something you should change”可知，D项符合语境，If so承接了前句的问题，又引出了后文的should change。‎ ‎2．选E　根据“Change your priorities(优先顺序)”标题中的priorities和这一标题下内容的中心词relationships及设空前的“They put things like money and reputation above their relationships. Don't let it happen to you.”可知，本段建议改变你的优先顺序，不要让金钱和名誉之类的事情凌驾于与家人和朋友的关系之上，故E项符合语境。‎ ‎3．选C　根据“Change your motivation”标题中的motivation可知，这一标题下的内容强调内在动力，故C项“它赋予你前进和工作的力量”符合语境。‎ ‎4．选F　根据小标题“Change your habits”及设空前的“Is there any bad habit ‎ that holds you back？”可知，这一标题下的内容强调坏习惯的改正，由此可知，F项符合语境，“If the answer is yes”恰好回答了前句的问题。‎ ‎5．选A　本空为最后一段的小标题，观察前面的小标题格式可知，A、B两项符合；根据本段中的“So watch your inputs carefully.”及“Get rid of the lowquality inputs and replace them with highquality ones.”可知，本段强调的是inputs，故选A项。‎ Unit 1Tales of the unexplained 自然与环境之(一)‎ ‎——难解之谜 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．incident n．发生的事情　　　　　　2.flash n. & vi.闪光，闪耀 ‎3．construction n．施工；建筑物 4.occur vi.发生 ‎5．evidence n．证据 6.appropriate adj.适当的 ‎7．case n．案件；具体情况，实例 8.dismiss vt.不予考虑；解雇；解散 ‎9．laughter n．笑，笑声 10.ancestor n．祖先，祖宗 ‎11．attack v．& n．攻击；进攻 12.statement n．陈述；声明 ‎13．enthusiastic adj.热情的 14.reserve n．保护区；储备 vt.预订 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．witness n．目击者，证人vt.目击，见证 2.journalist n．记者 ‎3．exist vi.存在 4.humour n．幽默 ‎5．discount n．折扣 6.examine vt.检查 ‎7．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励 ‎8．aboard adv.& prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)‎ ‎9．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇 ‎　2.unexplained adj.无法解释的，神秘的→explain vt.解释；说明→explanation n．解释；说明 ‎*3.puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 ‎　4.injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的 ‎　5.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；一致 ‎　6.organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；安排→organizer n．组织者 ‎*7.strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的 ‎*8.convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的 ‎*9.survive vi. & vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The present situation here is puzzling,_and we are all puzzled about what will happen in the days to come.‎ ‎2．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.‎ ‎3．Luckily, the boy survived the terrible car crash last week and he was the only survivor of the accident.‎ ‎4．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child should be admitted to Tsinghua University.‎ ‎5．To make yourself strong or increase your strength,_you should get more exercises to strengthen your muscles.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．mystery /'mɪstri/ n．秘密，谜；神秘，神秘的事 ‎2．attract /ə'trækt/ vt.　吸引；引起 ‎ vi. 吸引；有吸引力 ‎3．aircraft /'eəkrɑːft/ n．　　　飞机，航空器 ‎4．strange /streɪn(d)ʒ/ adj. 奇怪的；陌生的 ‎5．scientific /saɪən'tɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；系统的 ‎6．discover /dɪ'skʌvə(r)/ v. 发现；发觉 ‎7．frighten /'fraɪtn/ vt. 使惊吓；害怕 ‎8．interesting /'ɪntrəstɪŋ/ adj.有趣的；引人入胜的 ‎9．memorize /'meməraɪz/ vt. 记住；记忆 ‎10．technology /tek'nɒlədʒɪ/ n. 技术；工艺 ‎11．solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决；解答 ‎ vi. 作解答 ‎12．explore /ɪk'splɔː(r)/ vt.探测；探险；考察；探究 ‎13．notice /'nəʊtɪs/ n. 通知，布告 vt. 注意到 ‎14．scenery /'siːn(ə)rɪ/ n. 风景；景色 ‎15．religion /rɪ'lɪdʒ(ə)n/ n. 宗教；宗教信仰 ‎16．theory /'θɪərɪ/ n. 理论；原理；学说 ‎17．unlike /ʌn'laɪk/ prep. 和……不同，不像 ‎18．regular /'regjʊlə/ adj. 定期的；有规律的 ‎19．light /laɪt/ n. 光；光线 ‎ adj. 轻的；明亮的 ‎ vt. 照亮；点燃 vi. 点着；变亮；着火 ‎20．probably /'prɒbəblɪ/ adv. 大概；或许；很可能 ‎21．puzzle /'pʌz(ə)l/ n. 谜；难题 ‎22．rewarding /rɪ'wɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 有益的，值得的； 有报酬的 ‎23．crash /kræʃ/ n. 撞碎；坠毁 vi. 坠落 ‎24．reflect /rɪ'flekt/ vt. 反映；反射，照出 ‎ vi. 反射，映现 ‎25．environment /ɪn'vaɪrənm(ə)nt/ n. 自然环境 ‎26．existence/ɪg'zɪstəns/ n. 存在 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.step_up 加紧，加强，促进　　　　　*2.due_to 由于，因为 ‎*3.show_up 出现 *4.take_charge_of 负责，掌管 ‎　5.make_up 编造；弥补；构成 *6.look_into 调查 ‎　7.dozens_of 许多，很多 *8.belong_to 属于；是……一员 ‎　9.make_one's_way_to前往，到……去 　10.carry_out实现；完成；执行 ‎　11.run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见 　12.leave_out遗漏；省去；不考虑 ‎　13.believe_in信任 　14.be_based_on以……为基础 ‎　15.be_enthusiastic_about对……热情 　16.pick_up拾起；学会；用车接 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．In the north of India, the population is booming due_to high birth rates. (2017·江苏高考任务型阅读)‎ ‎2．As I looked_into my car, I could not see inside the car, like all the windows ‎ were just black. (2018·上海一模)‎ ‎3．To their anger, when they were seated at the table, the host didn't show_up yet. ‎ ‎4．Kevin took_charge_of the company while the manager was away.‎ ‎5．According to the law, the larger house belongs_to Soc Page and her family.‎ ‎6．As we know, the company had stepped_up production of the latest model.,[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) ‎ 不明飞行物 ‎2．in a scientific way 用科学的方式 ‎3．look like 看起来像 ‎4．pay a visit to 访问，参观 ‎5．contribute to 导致；促使 ‎6．take photos 拍照 ‎7．human race 人类 ‎ ‎8．in reality 实际上；事实上 ‎9．have something in common 有共同点 ‎10．lose sight of 看不见 ‎11．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎12．to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是 ‎13．in time 及时，终于 ‎14．account for 解释；导致 ‎15．seek for 寻找 ‎16．make use of 利用 ‎17．pay attention to 注意 ‎18．think of 想起，想到 ‎19．be curious about 对……好奇 ‎ [三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎[例句]　Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m. ‎ ‎[仿写]　在春天，我们可以随时发现一些孩子在野外放风筝。(2016·四川高考满分作文)‎ In spring, we can always find_some_children_flying_kites in the field.‎ ‎2．完全倒装结构：v.ing短语＋be＋主语 ‎ [例句]　Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.‎ ‎[仿写]　许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。(2016·北京高考写作佳句)‎ Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are many old people and children.‎ ‎3. do“的确，确实”，用来强调谓语动词 ‎[例句]　Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do exist. ‎ ‎[仿写]　如果你对郊游有兴趣，一定要让我们提前知道。(2017·6月浙江高考满分作文)‎ If you are interested in the outing, do_let_us_know ahead of time.‎ ‎4．Sb./Sth. be said to do ... ‎ ‎[例句]　The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.‎ ‎[仿写]　据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来讲课。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．People call these strange objects Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs)．‎ 人们称这些奇怪的物体为不明飞行物(UFO)。‎ ‎2．Some of the reports about them are difficult to believe.‎ 一些关于他们的报道很难相信。‎ ‎3．It seemed to be an object rather like a big plate.‎ 它似乎是一个物体，尤其像一个大盘子。‎ ‎4．He was being watched in the darkness.‎ 有人在黑暗中注视着他。‎ ‎5．It is the scientists who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. ‎ 是科学家把一些新的科学转化为一种新的技术来解决这些问题的。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Last weekend, Tom and I paid a visit to the Summer Palace, which proved to be very interesting and rewarding. ‎ ‎ The moment we entered the park, Tom was attracted by the beautiful scenery. Soon, we noticed an elderly man practicing handwriting on the ground. ‎ ‎ To our surprise, he invited Tom to have a try. Before we left, we took photos together to memorize this valuable experience.‎ 上周末，我和汤姆参观了颐和园，这是非常有趣和有意义的。‎ 我们刚一进入公园，汤姆就被美丽的风景所吸引了。很快，我们注意到一位老人在地上正在练习书法。‎ 令我们吃惊的是，他邀请汤姆试试。在我们离开之前，我们一起拍了照片来纪念这一宝贵的经历。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的 ‎[教材原句] 　Boy missing, police puzzled 男孩失踪，警方茫然 ‎(1)be puzzled about　　　　　对……感到困惑 ‎(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑 ‎　n. 难题；谜 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 ‎(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的 ‎①The police are still puzzled about how the accident could have happened.‎ 警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。‎ ‎②Alice read the letter with a puzzled (puzzle) expression on her face.‎ 艾丽丝读了信，一脸的困惑。‎ ‎③The thing I find most puzzling (puzzle) is that he never mentions his family.‎ 我发现最令人困惑的事情是他从不提他的家人。‎ ‎[名师点津]　v．ed形式的分词形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。‎ ‎2．witness n．[C]目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证 ‎　[教材原句]　Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.‎ 目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。‎ ‎(1)a witness to sth.　　　　　　某事的证人/证明 give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明 ‎(2) witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事 witness for 为……作证 witness (sb.) doing sth. 目击(某人)做某事 ‎①At Jackson's trial, two witnesses (witness) affirmed that Jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime.(2018·西安一模)‎ 在杰克逊的审判中，两名证人确认杰克逊在案发时和他们一起在另外一个地方。‎ ‎②The little boy was_the_only_witness_to the accident yesterday. ‎ 这个小男孩是昨天事故的唯一证人。‎ ‎③Luckily, several people volunteer to witness for my father.(2018·兰州一模)‎ 幸运的是，有几个人自愿去为我的父亲作证。‎ ‎④He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being_taken (take) away by the police.‎ 他回到家正好看到他的弟弟被警方带走。‎ ‎[名师点津]　see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。‎ ‎⑤The last thirty years have witnessed/seen the great changes of China.‎ 过去的30年见证了中国发生的巨大变化。‎ ‎3．assume vt.假定；认为 ‎　[教材原句]　However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed.‎ 但是，因为福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，所以她认为凯莉只是做了个噩梦，于是将她打发回了床上。‎ ‎(1) assume that ...　　　　　设想/认为……‎ assume ... to be ... 假定/假设……是……‎ It is assumed that ... 一般认为……‎ ‎(2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 ‎(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……‎ ‎①It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.‎ 人们普遍认为，压力是工作过多所致。‎ ‎②This is based on the assumption (assume) that science is universal, objective and reliable.‎ 这是基于这样的假设：科学是普遍的、客观的和可信的。‎ ‎③Assuming (assume) you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ 如果你对它感兴趣，请发邮件到123456@sina.com。‎ ‎ [熟词生义]　读句子猜词义 ‎④I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 承担 ‎[联想发散]　“假设，如果”的表达法有：‎ if＝ ‎4．occur vi.发生；想到；出现 ‎　[教材原句]　Mr Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred.‎ 福斯特先生当晚在忙着路面施工，因此当这一切发生时他并不在家。‎ sth. occurs to sb.　　　　　　　　某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……‎ It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事 ‎①A good idea occurred_to me when I woke up this morning.‎ 今天早上醒来我突然想到一个好点子。‎ ‎②It_suddenly_occurred_to/struck/hit_me_that while we tried to teach our children all about life, they actually taught us what life was all about.‎ 我突然想起，当我们试图教我们的孩子们关于生活的一切时，他们实际上却教会了我们什么是生活的全部。‎ ‎③It never occurred to her to_ask (ask) anyone when she was in trouble.‎ 当她遇到困难时从未想到过求助他人。‎ ‎5．award vt.授予，奖励n.奖，奖品，奖金 ‎　[教材原句]　We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players.‎ 我们可以给获胜队伍和最热情的运动员发奖。‎ ‎(1)award sb. for sth.　　　　因为某事而奖励某人 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物 be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励……‎ ‎(2)win/receive awards for 获奖/接受颁奖 ‎①The school has won/received_awards_for its pioneering work with the community. ‎ 这所学校因其针对该社区具有开创性的工作而获奖。‎ ‎②The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. ‎ 评委把她的画评为一等奖。‎ ‎③The chairman awarded her the gold medal. ‎ ‎＝The chairman awarded the gold medal to her. ‎ 主席给她颁发金牌。‎ ‎④Dr. Yuan was_awarded_many_prizes_for his research.‎ 袁博士因为他的研究荣获许多奖项。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ award vt.颁奖，授奖，给予 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.‎ n.奖品，奖，奖状(与prize近义)‎ reward vt.报答，酬谢 reward sb. for sth.“因……报答某人”‎ reward sb. with sth. “用……酬谢某人”‎ n.酬金，回报(奖金或一些非金钱的报酬)‎ prize n.多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖金或有价值的东西 ‎⑤After being awarded the first prize,_he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work. ‎ 在获得一等奖后，他表示将继续努力工作，回报人民和社会。‎ ‎6．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength.‎ 有一次，一群工程师追赶这种生物，而它却以惊人的速度和力量奔跑起来。‎ ‎(1)strengths and weaknesses　　长处与弱点 build up one's strength 增强体质 have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气 with all one's strength 竭尽全力 ‎(2)strengthen vi.& vt. 加强；增强；巩固 ‎①Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build_up_one's_strength,_ but also develop one's character.‎ 练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。 ‎ ‎②Everyone has his or her strengths (strong) and weaknesses.‎ 每个人都有自己的优势和劣势。‎ ‎③Regular physical tests can strengthen (strength) people's health consciousness.‎ 定期的体能测试可以增强人们的健康意识。‎ ‎7．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 ‎　[教材原句]　He became convinced they exist.‎ 他开始坚信它们的存在。 ‎ ‎(1)convince sb. of sth.　　使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……‎ ‎(2)be convinced of 确信……；相信……‎ be convinced that ... 确信……‎ ‎(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 ‎①I failed to convince him of his mistake.‎ ‎＝I failed to convince him that_he_was_mistaken.‎ 我没能使他相信他是错的。‎ ‎②Although I hiked with very little money and a thousand miles from home, I was convinced (convince) that I would complete my journey safely.‎ 尽管我这次徒步旅行没有带钱，又离家1 000英里，但是我自信满满，我一定会安全完成我的旅行。‎ ‎③In the New York City a friend convinced_me_to_visit Metropolitan Museum of Art.‎ 在纽约，一个朋友说服我去参观大都会艺术博物馆。‎ ‎8．survive vi.生存，幸免；幸存；生还vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)‎ ‎　[教材原句]　In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today.‎ 在他看来，这种动物去了世界上其他地区，甚至一直活到现在。‎ ‎(1)survive sth.　　　　　幸免于；从……中挺/活过来 survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(几年)‎ ‎(2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 ‎①Several written works have survived_from the Old English period. ‎ 一些书面的作品从古英语时期保存了下来。‎ ‎②Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．(2017·江苏高考)‎ 根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。‎ ‎③The five survivors (survive) eventually reached safety, ragged, halfstarved ‎ and exhausted. ‎ 五位幸存者最终到达安全之地时已经衣衫褴褛、饥肠辘辘、精疲力尽。‎ ‎④It's said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years.‎ 据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．case n．案件；实例；情形，场合；箱子，容器 ‎　(1)写出句中case的含义 ‎①They lost their case in the High Court, and had to pay damages. 案件 ‎②This was found to be the case in many thirdworld countries. 情形 ‎③The doctor said this patient is a classic case of food poisoning. 实例 ‎④There are many exhibits here, which are all in glass cases.容器 ‎(2)选词填空(in this case/in case/in no case)‎ ‎⑤The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in_case he is attacked. ‎ ‎⑥In_this_case,_ you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. ‎ ‎⑦In_no_case can you miss the opportunity to go to university for further study.‎ ‎2．exist vi.存在；生存 ‎(1)单句改错 ‎①The man existed in bread and water for over five months. in→on ‎②There exist a good way to solve the existing problem at present. exist→exists ‎(2)完成句子 ‎③No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence.‎ 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候形成的。‎ ‎④Some strange ideas existed_in his mind.‎ 他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.(2018·衡水一模)‎ ‎2．Expressing our sadness can also get comfort and compassion from those who ‎ care about us, strengthening (strength) our bonds.(2018·苏州一模)‎ ‎3．Witnesses to the crash said they saw an explosion just before the disaster.‎ ‎4．We have reinforced our packaging so as to minimize damage which may occur to the goods.‎ ‎5．Men's social existence (exist) determines their consciousness.‎ ‎6．Assuming (assume) that it is true, what should we do?‎ ‎7．The actress's movie won several awards (award) at the international film festival.‎ ‎8．To play such puzzling (puzzle) games can increase the intellectual level of children. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．That occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 第一个That→It ‎2．There is now convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.convinced→convincing ‎3．She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn't work out the maths problem. puzzling→puzzled ‎4．He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.for→by ‎5．In my amazement, he actually refused to help me.In→To ‎6．All passengers on aboard lost their lives when the plane crashed.去掉on Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1. 预计本月底会有结果。‎ The results are_due at the end of this month.‎ ‎2. 我要预订一张从洛杉矶到东京的机票。‎ I want to reserve_a_seat from Los Angeles to Tokyo. ‎ ‎3．跑步可以帮助我们强健我们的体魄。‎ ‎ Running can help us build_up_our_strength.‎ ‎4. 我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。‎ ‎①It_occurred_to_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(occur)‎ ‎②It_struck_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(strike)‎ ‎③It_hit_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(hit)‎ ‎5. 我们认为他是一个诚实的孩子。‎ ‎①We_assume_that_he_is_an_honest_boy.(assume that)‎ ‎②We_assume_him_to_be_an_honest_boy.(assume sb.to be)‎ ‎③It_is_assumed_that_he_is_an_honest_boy.(It is assumed that ...)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．show up 出现，现身；露面 ‎　[教材原句]　 When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.‎ 在第二天吃午饭的时候，贾斯廷仍然没有露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，就让丈夫打电话报警。‎ ‎(1)show sb. around/round　　领某人参观 show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去 show off 炫耀，卖弄 ‎(2)be on show 在展览，陈列 ‎①The boss is_showing_us_around his factory.‎ 老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。‎ ‎②Taking photos of food enables people to show_off and to share their mealtime moments.‎ 对食物拍照使人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。‎ ‎③Quite a number of world famous paintings are_on_show in this exhibition.‎ 有许多世界名画在本次展览会上展出。‎ ‎2．make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理 ‎　[教材原句]　Sometimes people make up such amazing stories.‎ 人们有时候编造出这类奇异的故事。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中make up的含义 ‎①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.构成 ‎②You must work harder to make up for the hours lost to playing. 弥补 ‎③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妆 ‎④After they quarreled many times, it was hard for them to make up.和好 ‎⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造 ‎⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理 make up for　　　　　　　弥补；补偿 be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of ‎ 由……组成/构成 make out 辨认出；理解，明白 make way for 为……让路 make it 成功 ‎⑦I heard the voices, but couldn't make_out what they were saying. ‎ 我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。‎ ‎3．belong to 属于，是……成员 ‎　[教材原句]　Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man.‎ 人们也发现过一些巨大脚印，有人称它们属于野人。‎ ‎(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 ‎ ‎(2)belongings n．财产；所有物；相关事物 ‎①She tells her students that the future belongs_to the welleducated.‎ 她告诉她的学生说，未来是属于受过良好教育的人的。‎ ‎②Lockers are available to store any belongings (belong)during your visit.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)‎ 在您到访期间，储物柜可用来存放您的任何物品。‎ ‎③In my opinion, you'd better put the book where_it_belongs.‎ 在我看来，你最好把书放在它该在的地方。‎ ‎[名师点津]　belong to不用于进行时态；但是它的现在分词形式可以作后置定语。‎ ‎④The island belonging_to_China is Diaoyu Island.‎ 属于中国的那个岛叫作钓鱼岛。‎ ‎4．Standing_inside_were_lots_of_strange_creatures with white skin and large black eyes.‎ ‎(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。‎ ‎(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。‎ ‎(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词通常是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ ‎(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换为表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。‎ ‎①Buried_in_the_earth_was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.‎ 埋在泥土中的是一个装满古币的坛子。‎ ‎②Present_at_the_meeting_were the school headmaster, the English teachers, and the students' parents.‎ 出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。‎ ‎③Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed.‎ 从床底下跑出一只猫。‎ ‎④Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year.‎ 年终颁奖典礼终于来到了。‎ ‎⑤There_remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.‎ 人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。‎ ‎⑥Away they went.　他们出去了。‎ ‎5．The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.‎ 据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎(1)Sb. is said to do sth.意为“据说……”‎ ‎。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)‎ Sb.＋ be＋过去分词＋ ‎(2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose等。‎ ‎(3) Sb. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...to do sth.‎ ‎＝It is said/It is thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...that ...‎ 据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……‎ ‎①Green is said to be the most restful color. ‎ ‎＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color.‎ 据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。‎ ‎②It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)‎ ‎＝Our city is_reported_to_hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.‎ 据报道，我们市这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。‎ ‎③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.‎ ‎＝Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.‎ 据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。‎ ‎[名师点津]　It is suggested/hoped that ...不能转换成“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 1.Fortunately, my son was picked out from dozens_of applicants for the position.‎ ‎2．The editor was making_up an interesting story to catch the readers' attention.‎ ‎3．His failure in his business is due_to lack of support.‎ ‎4．A famous detective has been sent on the spot to look_into this matter. ‎ ‎5．They have stepped_up their efforts to search the buildings for survivors of the earthquake.‎ ‎6．If you love someone, you will like all that belongs_to him or her.‎ ‎7．We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed_up.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．It was a woman who took away the bag not belonged to her by mistake. belonged→belonging ‎2．Lie across the river is a bridge built two hundred years ago. Lie→Lying ‎3．On the school gate hang a picture of a girl who was lost a month ago.hang→hangs ‎4．That is reported that the city mayor will come to our town next week.That→It ‎5．The accident was due to drive at high speed.drive→driving Ⅲ.补全句子/同义句改写 ‎1．据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。‎ The boy is_said_to_have_learned 2,000 words by heart so far.‎ ‎2．我的爸爸在我小时候经常给我编一些精彩的故事。‎ My father often made_up_some_very__amazing_stories for me when I was a child.‎ ‎3．墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。‎ Hanging on the wall are_two_paintings by Qi Baishi.‎ ‎4．地震发生时，那对夫妇正在前往海滩的路上。‎ As the earthquake happened, the couple were_making_their_way_to the beach. ‎ ‎5．The Prime Minister is thought to visit Moscow next month. (改用it作形式主语)‎ ‎→It_is_thought_that_the_Prime_Minister_will_visit_Moscow_next_month.‎ ‎6．The days when we had to keep in touch with each other by letter are gone.(改为全部倒装句)‎ ‎→Gone_are_the_days_when_we_had_to_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_letter.‎ ‎7．You shouldn't come to her party unless invited.(改为复合句)‎ ‎→You_shouldn't_come_to_her_party_unless_you_were_invited.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 puzzled, unexplained, amazing, strength, evidence, mystery, belong to ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①人们对有些无法解释的现象感到困惑，例如雪人。‎ People feel_puzzled_about_some_unexplained_phenomena,_ such as the Yeti. ‎ ‎②据说雪人比一般的人要高，但是却以惊人的速度和力量行走。‎ The Yeti is said to be taller than an average human but walks with amazing_speed_and_strength. ‎ ‎③虽然有人报道说见过是雪人的脚印，但是没有发现有力的证据证明它的存在。‎ Though some people reported seeing the footprints belonging_to_a_Yeti,_ no powerful evidence for its existence has been found.‎ ‎④随着科学技术的发展，我们希望科学家有一天会解开这个谜。‎ As science and technology develops, we hope that scientists will solve_the_mystery one day.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用“it作形式主语”改写句②‎ It_is_said_that_the_Yeti_is_taller_than_an_average_human_but_walks_with_amazing_speed_and_strength._‎ ‎(2)用“with＋宾语＋介词短语”结构改写句④‎ With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_we_hope_that_scientists_will_solve_the_mystery_one_day.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so)‎ People feel puzzled about some unexplained phenomena, such as the Yeti. It is said that the Yeti is taller than an average human but walks with amazing speed and strength. Though some people reported seeing the footprints belonging to a Yeti, no powerful evidence for its existence has been found.So with the development of science and technology, we hope that scientists will solve the mystery one day.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——状语从句与名词性从句的混用]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed.‎ 本句是主从复合句。主句是she assumed ..., that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed是主句中的宾语从句；since Mrs Foster thought ...是原因状语从句，that Justin was spending the night with a friend是从句中的宾语从句。‎ 许多农场主反对这一计划，因为他们担心狼会杀死他们农场中的牲畜和宠物。‎ 真题长难句 Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 本句是主从复合句。主句是Many farmers opposed the plan, 后跟because引导的原因状语从句，从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。‎ 作为“自然与环境”中的子话题，“难解之谜”多涉及人类尚未探明的未知世界，其考查形式多为说明文类的阅读理解。由于是考生并不熟悉的话题，故难度偏大。‎ 一、话题与听力 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 听下面材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．How long has the speaker lived in a big city?‎ A．One year.　　　　　 B．Ten years.‎ C．Eighteen years.‎ ‎18．What is the speaker's opinion on public transport?‎ A．It's comfortable. B．It's timesaving.‎ C．It's cheap.‎ ‎19．What is good about living in a small town?‎ A．It's safer. B．It's healthier.‎ C．It's more convenient.‎ ‎20．What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?‎ A．Busy. B．Colourful.‎ C．Quiet.‎ ‎[听力原文]‎ M：Well, I'd love to share with you my personal opinions on city life and life in small towns. I grew up in a small town until I was 18 and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in one, I can't imagine ever living in a small town again. Surely small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transport. In a small town, you have to own a car to make life comfortable. You can't get around without one because there isn't any kind of public transport. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transport, which is cheaper than driving. So, if you don't have a car, you'd better live in the city. I also love the exciting life in big cities: I can always enjoy a lot of films, concerts, and other wonderful shows. However, these things are not common in small towns. The final thing I like about large cities is that you can meet different kinds of people. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in a smaller town. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like me would quickly become dull. Of course, safety should be considered, and that's one area where small towns are better than big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more careful and live in a large city than feel safe but dull.‎ ‎[听力答案]　17.B　18.C　19.A　20.B ‎[关键词句]　‎ ‎1．weather　　　　　　　　　　　　天气 ‎2．windstorm 风暴 ‎3．flood 水灾 ‎4．drought 干旱 ‎5．environmental 环境的 ‎6．ecofriendly 环保的 ‎7．preserve 保护 ‎8．destroy 破坏 ‎9．disaster 灾难 ‎10．fresh water 淡水 ‎11．waste water 废水 ‎12．pollute 污染 ‎13．energy 能源 ‎14．plastic 塑料 ‎15．ecological balance 生态平衡 ‎16．recyclable 可回收利用的 ‎17．human activity 人类活动 ‎18．do harm to 对……有伤害 ‎19．run out 用完 ‎20．take action/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 ‎21．It's high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm.‎ 该是我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。‎ ‎22．It has snowed for three days, making it hard to go out.‎ 大雪已下了三天，出门很困难。‎ ‎23．What's the weather like today?‎ 今天的天气怎么样？‎ ‎24．How smelly the river is!‎ 这条河太臭了！‎ 二、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)‎ ‎[1]When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting ‎ bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.‎ ‎[2]Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening？Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.‎ ‎[3]Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ ‎[4]In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ ‎[5]Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.‎ ‎[6]Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.‎ ‎32．What does a plant do when it is under attack?‎ A．It makes noises.‎ B．It gets help from other plants.‎ C．It stands quietly.‎ D．It sends out certain chemicals.‎ ‎33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?‎ A．The attackers get attacked.‎ B．The insects gather under the table.‎ C．The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ ‎34．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________.‎ A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary ‎35．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B．People have stronger senses than before.‎ C．The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 植物被攻击时，会释放出易挥发的有机化合物 引出话题 第2～5段 第2～5段画波浪线部分 植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害，并会在受袭击时警示附近的植物，但还不能证实植物是否会相互交谈 深入分析 第6段 第6段画波浪线部分 世界远比人类所感知的复杂 总结 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　植物释放到空气中的是一种被称作挥发性有机化合物的混合化学物，简称VOC。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎32．细节理解题。选D　根据第一段的“young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant”可知，当植物受到攻击时，它会产生一些化学物质。故选D项。‎ ‎33．句意理解题。选A　根据第三段中的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，正吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选A项。‎ ‎34．细节理解题。选B　根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty.”可知，植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选B项。‎ ‎35．推理判断题。选C　根据最后一段中的“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak.”可推知，世界比它显现出来的更加复杂。故选C项。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法3]　句意理解题——从字面意义到内涵意义 做句意理解题时，通常需要考生猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子或是格言、谚语等，要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释。要想准确猜测句子的意义，首先要尽可能地翻译“字面意义”，在词汇量不够的情况下，充分挖掘字面意义。然后根据上下文，结合背景知识，进行综合分析。把“字面意义”与“综合分析”相结合，最终得出该句在文中最准确的内涵意义。‎ 例如第33题，字面意义为“桌子被反转”，根据上下文可知，此句话的真正含义是“正吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐”，也就是“袭击者被攻击了”。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．pump v．　　　涌出 ‎2．perfume n. 香味 ‎3．relatively adv. 相对地 ‎4．intentional adj. 有意的，故意的 ‎5．under attack 受到攻击 ‎6．send out 发出；发送；散布 ‎7．design to do 计划做某事 ‎8．in effect 有效；实际上 ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读)By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared (消失) from the Yellowstone area.‎ ‎2．(2018·郑州一模)The expression is probably based (以……为基础) on church customs.‎ ‎3．Dominic's train was due (预期的) at five and he'd asked for a lift back from the station.‎ ‎4．(2017·6月浙江高考阅读)Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed (见证) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.‎ ‎5．If the package is wrapped well, we will assume (认为) the contents are also wonderful.‎ ‎6．(2017·江苏高考任务型阅读)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur (发生) in China, for instance.‎ ‎7．There were 56 passengers aboard_ (在飞机上) the crashed MS 804.‎ ‎8．(2018·抚州一模)So far, he has collected enough evidence (证据) of the wild man's existence.‎ ‎9．(2017·北京高考阅读)Already this year, 115 measles (麻疹) cases (案例) have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ ‎10．These shirts are sold at a discount (折扣) because some sizes are not available.‎ ‎11．It is required that every student in our class should dress appropriately (appropriate)．‎ ‎12．People have long puzzled (puzzle) over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.‎ ‎13．Our headmaster gave a convincing (convince) speech to persuade students to donate some money for the disaster area.‎ ‎14．The audience was impressed by his amazing (amaze) performance.‎ ‎15．It looks as though a compromise agreement (agree) has now been reached.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Five ladies were noticed go out of the company office building. noticed后加to ‎ ‎2．Assumed that my advice is accepted, I will carry out the task at once. Assumed→Assuming ‎3．She listened to what the professor said with a puzzling expression on her face.puzzling→puzzled ‎4．You should give some evidence to make yourself convincing.convincing→convinced ‎5．Among the crises that face humans is there the lack of natural resources. 去掉there ‎6．In our amazement, the face of the city keeps on changing every day.In→To ‎7．When completing, the museum will be open to the public next year.completing→completed ‎8．That occurred to me that I saw him on my way home yesterday.第一个That→It ‎9．Typical for China are the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.are→is ‎10．Students are often reminded that chances are belong to the wellprepared. 去掉第二个are Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎1．据说她的女儿正在美国学习。(be said to do)‎ Her_daughter_is_said_to_be_studying_in_America.‎ ‎2．一个老太太坐在校门口，等着看望她的孙子。(完全倒装结构)‎ At_the_school_gate_sat_an_old_woman,_waiting_to_see_her_grandson.‎ ‎3．你到北京大学后务必给你的父母打电话。(do用来强调谓语动词)‎ Do_call_your_parents_when_you_get_to_Peking_University.‎ ‎4．我突然想起来我把伞忘在楼上了。(occur)‎ It_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_left_my_umbrella_upstairs.‎ ‎5．我不去宴会，除非我被邀请。(状语从句的省略)‎ I_won't_go_to_the_party_unless_invited. ‎ ‎6．中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。(exist)‎ There_exist_many_differences_in_higher_education_between_China_and_America.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A ‎(2018·广东深圳调研)Many Beijing residents go to great lengths to avoid breathing the city's smoggy air, especially when it reaches critical pollution levels, but one local businessman decided that canning and selling this poor quality air as a souvenir would be a great idea. Believe it or not, he was right.‎ After seeing a number of companies achieve commercial success by canning fresh air from countries like France, Canada or Australia and selling it in China, Dominic JohnsonHill, a Britishborn citizen of Beijing and owner of the Plastered 8 (创可贴8) souvenir shop, decided to turn the idea on its head and sell canned Beijing air throughout China and abroad.‎ ‎“I'd seen people going crazy to buy canned air from Canada and Australia, so I thought it was time to push business the other way，” the businessman said. “They're perfect gifts! What else are you going to take home when you go home from Beijing? A roast duck? A Plastered Tshirt? These cans are light, easily carried home. You can just imagine someone's face when they unwrap it for Christmas.”‎ The few mouthfulls of Beijing air come in standard tin cans featuring a couple of famous city landmarks as well as a bitter description of the contents: “A unique mix of nitrogen (氮气), oxygen and probably some unknown stuff.” The ironic (讽刺的) souvenirs cost 28 RMB (U. S. D|S4) and are available at the Plastered 8 shop, as well as in its online shop. But if you're actually considering buying some, you'd better ask the shop in advance, as they are always flying off the shelves. JohnsonHill said that his shop is selling hundreds of Beijing air cans every day.‎ Personally, the wellsold can probably is an awakening for the public to be concerned about the living conditions. Yet one thing that's not particularly clear is ‎ whether the air is really collected from Beijing, because the cans are labeled as “Made in Shenzhen”. There's a big chance that it is just a kind of “Plastered 8 humor”， as they also list “Choking Risk” and “May have unidentified objects inside” as warnings.‎ Anyway, it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment.‎ 语篇解读：许多北京居民都千方百计避免吸入北京的雾霾，尤其在污染指数爆表的时候，但是当地的一名企业家却认为将这种污浊的空气装进罐中并作为纪念品出售将是个好主意。信不信由你，他的想法还真没错。‎ ‎1．What are many people in Beijing likely to do with the smoggy air?‎ A．Try to get used to it.　　 B．Can it as a souvenir.‎ C．Sell it all over the world. D．Try their best to avoid it.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Many Beijing residents go to great lengths to avoid breathing the city's smoggy air, especially when it reaches critical pollution levels ...”可知，许多北京居民都千方百计避免吸入北京的雾霾，尤其在污染指数爆表的时候。故选D项。‎ ‎2．How may one feel when receiving canned Beijing air for Christmas?‎ A．Satisfied. B．Surprised.‎ C．Frightened. D．Refreshed.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“You can just imagine someone's face when they unwrap it for Christmas.”可知，通常人们从北京旅游回去都是带烤鸭之类的礼物，但当你带回去一罐雾霾空气时，那么拆礼物的人的表情一定是惊讶的。故选B项。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “stuff” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Liquids. B．Objects.‎ C．Minerals. D．Risks.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“A unique mix of nitrogen (氮气), oxygen and probably some unknown stuff.”可知，画线词与nitrogen, oxygen都是这种空气中所含的物质。liquid意为“液体”；object意为“物体”；mineral意为“矿物”；risk意为“冒险”。故选B项。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．There are unidentified objects in the canned Beijing air.‎ B．The Plastered 8 souvenir shop is famous for its humor.‎ C．The writer may expect us to care more about the environment.‎ D．Dominic JohnsonHill is a British man who lives in Beijing.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway, it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment.”可知，作者认为出售罐装北京空气是用一种独特的方式去唤起公众保护环境的意识。故选C项。‎ B Many fruits and vegetables would disappear from grocery store shelves if it weren't for honeybees.Almonds (扁桃仁), for example, are a D|S2.5 billion industry in California, and almond growers depend on honeybees to pollinate (授粉) the crop.No honeybees would mean no almonds.Many berries (like blackberries and strawberries) need bees, as do vegetables like cucumbers and squash.‎ And don't forget tree crops like apples, oranges and peaches.Watermelon and cantaloupes depend on bees, too.In fact, approximately 15 percent of the food Americans eat comes directly from honeybee pollination.Another 15 percent comes from animals that eat foods that bees pollinate.In other words, close to a third of the food that Americans eat currently requires honeybee pollination.Honeybee pollination is so important that bee farmers actually truck their bees from orchard (果园) to orchard and from farm to farm to help pollinate crops.‎ A honeybee starts the honey making process by visiting a flower.With luck, the flower contains nectar (花蜜), and the bee sucks some of the nectar up with a little straw built into its mouth.Most flower nectars are like sugar water; there is a little sugar mixed with water.Nectars can contain other beneficial substances as well.To make honey, two things happen.‎ The first thing uses enzymes (酶)．One enzyme that bees produce turns the sucrose (蔗糖) in the nectar into glucose (葡萄糖) and fructose (果糖)．Another enzyme turns some of the glucose into an acid and hydrogen peroxide (过氧化氢)．By making honey acidic, it kills any bacteria that get into the honey.‎ The second thing uses evaporation (蒸发) to get rid of the extra water.Most of ‎ the moisture has to be evaporated, so that honey is only about 18 percent water.Bees evaporate the extra water by putting little drops of nectar in the hive and fanning it with their wings.‎ Honey is a very stable food.It naturally resists molds (霉菌), fungi (真菌) and other bacteria, allowing it to last for years without refrigeration.‎ 语篇解读：蜜蜂在我们的生活中发挥着很重要的作用，如果没有蜜蜂，也就没有我们食用的很多蔬菜和水果。本文介绍了蜜蜂的重要性及蜜蜂如果授粉、如何制造蜂蜜等。‎ ‎5．Bees are always trucked between different places in order to ________.‎ A．lay eggs in all the orchards and farms B．mate with bees living different zones C．help bee farmers deal with harmful insects D．pollinate flowers or plants grown in different places 解析： 选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Honeybee pollination is so important that ...farm to farm to help pollinate crops.”可知，蜜蜂授粉的重要性使得蜂农们带着它们在不同的地方给农作物授粉。‎ ‎6．How does a honeybee suck the nectar from flowers?‎ A．Through a little straw built into its mouth.‎ B．With the help of the bee farmer.‎ C．By drinking the water that contains nectar.‎ D．By fanning it with the wings.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the bee sucks some of the nectar up with a little straw built into its mouth”可知选A项。‎ ‎7．Which one is the way mentioned in the passage to make honey?‎ A．To evaporate most of the moisture in the nectar.‎ B．To kill all the bacteria in the nectar.‎ C．To expose it to sunlight for some time.‎ D．To mix the nectar with some sugar.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The second thing uses evaporation (蒸发) to get rid of the extra water.Most of the moisture has to be evaporated, so that ‎ honey is only about 18 percent water.”可知，利用蒸发的方法将花蜜中的水分去除是其中一个方法。‎ ‎8．Why honey can be kept for a long time without being cooled?‎ A．Because there is no bacteria in it.‎ B．Because it can stand bad weather conditions.‎ C．Because it protects itself against bacteria naturally.‎ D．Because it is wellpreserved in containers.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，蜂蜜天然可以抵抗霉菌、真菌和其他的细菌，所以不用冰箱也可以存放多年。‎ 单元检测B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 ‎[完形填空精准练]‎ When the expedition was announced, I was only twenty and I had always dreamed of adventure. So it was with great __1__ one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement：‎ Men wanted for a __2__ journey: small wages, bitter cold, months of complete darkness, and safe return uncertain. Honor and reward will __3__ if it is successful.‎ Sir Ernest Shackleton An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South Pole — I was hooked! I was an amateur but I was young, fit and __4__. I secretly __5__ aboard the ship, Endurance, in a small cupboard. Nobody found me __6__ the ship had sailed and I was __7__ badly from seasickness. __8__， Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior and __9__ the situation. He made me a steward to help cook twentyeight meals three times a day.‎ On January 18th, 1915, the Endurance became __10__ in pack ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! The ship was __11__ crushed in front of our eyes. I believed Shackleton must have mourned this __12__ end to his expedition, but he did not waste time on __13__. Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent __14__ that we must save only essential __15__ before the ship sank, particularly the small boats, food, cooking equipment, candles, bedding and clothes. To show his __16__， Shackleton threw some gold coins and his gold watch onto the ice. To my __17__， he encouraged Hussey to bring his banjo, describing it as vital for keeping us cheerful.‎ His perseverance __18__ our complete faith in him. He was always honest with us and never gave __19__ to disappointment. Our teamspirit __20__ the morale of the crew and saved our lives.‎ ‎ ‎1．A.excitement　　　　　　　 B．panic C．disappointment D．anxiety 解析：选A　根据第一段第一句中的“I had always dreamed of adventure”可推断，作者一直梦想去探险，现在机遇来临，满心激动(excitement)。故选A项。panic意为“惶恐；惊恐”；disappointment意为“失望；扫兴；沮丧”；anxiety意为“焦虑；不安”。‎ ‎2．A.fruitful B．respectable C．dangerous D．comfortable 解析：选C　根据设空后对此次出行的描述“small wages, bitter cold, months of complete darkness, and safe return uncertain”可知，本次旅行是一次危险的(dangerous)探险之旅。故选C项。fruitful意为“富有成效的；多产的”；respectable意为“受人尊敬的；体面的”；comfortable意为“舒适的”。‎ ‎3．A.pay off B．rise C．set up D．follow 解析：选D　根据语境，此处是说如果探险成功，荣誉和报酬会随之而来(follow)。故选D项。pay off意为“付清债务；取得成功”；rise意为“上升；(数量)增加”；set up意为“建立；安排”。‎ ‎4．A.greenhanded B．energetic C．sick D．absentminded 解析：选B　作者虽是业余爱好者，但觉得自己年轻、健康、精力充沛(energetic)。but之后的内容突出作者的优势，故B项符合语境。greenhanded意为“新手的”；sick意为“生病的”；absentminded意为“心不在焉的”。‎ ‎5．A.hid B．lived C．laid D．jumped 解析：选A　根据设空前的“secretly”及下文中的“Nobody found me”可知，作者藏在船上的一个橱柜里。hide意为“把……藏起来；隐藏；藏身”‎ ‎，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎6．A.unless B．until C．when D．in case 解析：选B　根据下文“Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior”可知，直到(until)船起航后才有人发现了作者。故选B项。unless意为“除非”；when意为“当……时候”；in case意为“万一；假使”。‎ ‎7．A.recovering B．dating C．hearing D．suffering 解析：选D　此处suffer from与seasickness搭配，意为“受到晕船的折磨”，符合语境。故选D项。recover from意为“从……恢复”；date from意为“始于”；hear from意为“收到……的来信；从……处听到”。‎ ‎8．A.Besides B．Furthermore C．Otherwise D．Anyhow 解析：选D　根据后文可知，船长让作者留了下来，因此，此处指不管怎样(Anyhow)，沙克尔顿船长似乎对作者荒唐的行为感兴趣。故选D项。besides意为“此外；而且”；furthermore意为“此外；更有甚者”；otherwise意为“否则”。‎ ‎9．A.changed B．made use of C．accepted D．talked about 解析：选C　根据下文他安排作者做一名服务员可知，沙克尔顿船长接受了(accepted)这种状况。故选C项。change意为“改变”；make use of意为“利用”；talk about意为“谈论”。‎ ‎10．A.stuck B．buried C．sunk D．abandoned 解析：选A　根据下文“The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！”可知，在靠近南极的时候，船被困在(be stuck in)浮冰里。故选A项。bury意为“埋葬”；sink意为“沉没”；abandon意为“抛弃”。‎ ‎11．A.frequently B．gradually C．unwillingly D．strangely 解析：‎ 选B　结合下文作者以为船长会对此感到痛心可知，船被困在浮冰里后，在他们眼前逐渐(gradually)被压碎。故选B项。frequently意为“频繁地”；unwillingly意为“不情愿地”；strangely意为“奇怪地”。‎ ‎12．A.unreliable B．unaccustomed C．unexpected D．unsuitable 解析：选C　船被困浮冰，逐渐压碎是意外的(unexpected)结局。故选C项。unreliable意为“不可靠的”；unaccustomed意为“不习惯的；不寻常的”；unsuitable意为“不合适的”。‎ ‎13．A.regrets B．preparations C．solutions D．passions 解析：选A　根据后文可知，船长呼吁大家行动起来，并没有放弃，且根据mourned也可知A项符合语境，指船长并没有把时间浪费在表达遗憾(regrets)上。preparation意为“准备”；solution意为“解决办法；解答”；passion意为“激情；强烈的热爱”。‎ ‎14．A.appointment B．difference C．announcement D．mistake 解析：选C　根据设空前的“Calling us calmly together”可知，船长镇定地把我们召集起来，发布一个紧急通知(announcement)。故选C项。appointment意为“约定；约会；预约”；difference意为“差别；差异”；mistake意为“错误”。‎ ‎15．A.tools B．equipment C．instruments D．supplies 解析：选D　根据设空后的“before the ship sank, particularly the small boats, food, cooking equipment, candles, bedding and clothes”可知，船长让大家在船沉没之前拯救那些必备的供给品(supplies)。故选D项。tool意为“工具”；equipment 意为“设备”；instrument 意为“仪器”。‎ ‎16．A.anger B．determination C．responsibility D．generosity 解析：选B　船长召集大家宣布只带生存必需品，故扔掉自己的一些金币和金表，以表自己的决心，并做出表率。anger 意为“愤怒”；determination意为“决心”；responsibility意为“责任”；generosity意为“慷慨”。故选B项。‎ ‎17．A.surprise B．delight C．satisfaction D．interest 解析：选A　船长扔掉了自己的财物，但却鼓励赫西带上他的班卓琴，对此作者感到惊讶(surprise)。故选A项。delight意为“高兴；快乐；使人高兴的事”；satisfaction意为“满足；满意”；interest意为“兴趣”。‎ ‎18．A.ruined B．constructed C．won D．invited 解析：选C　他的坚持不懈赢得了(won)我们对他的信任。故选C项。ruin意为“毁坏；毁掉”；construct意为“构成；建造”；invite意为“邀请”。‎ ‎19．A.support B．permit C．information D．way 解析：选D　他总是和我们坦诚相待，从不让我们失望。give way to意为“退步；让路”，从不为失望让路，也就是从不让我们失望。故选D项。support意为“支持”；permit意为“许可”；information意为“信息”。‎ ‎20．A.brought down B．contributed to C．took up D．set aside 解析：选B　根据语境，我们的团队精神是我们提升士气和幸存的原因，并最终拯救了我们的生命。bring down意为“降低；击倒”；contribute to意为“是……的促成因素；导致”；take up意为“从事；占据”；set aside意为“留出；把……放置一旁；不理会”。故选B项。‎ ‎[失分题型强化练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 I have recently returned from __1__ extended 26day trip to China. I made two earlier trips to China in 2012. On my previous visits my travel __2__ (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing. This time I, together with my family, was able to visit some of the more remote cities and holiday destinations __3__ (miss) on the previous trips and revisit Beijing and Shanghai to observe the great changes there in just four short years.‎ The many contradictions and __4__ (struggle) within China today are very impressive. No one can ignore the rich culture __5__ (date) back to ancient times is changing in the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed. __6__ happens in China, the third __7__ (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the ‎ world's population, will __8__ (certain) shape the immediate and distant futures of __9__ (we) all.‎ On this blog I will be posting a travel journal __10__ photographs and drawings. Marked on the map are the cities and villages I visited while in China.‎ 语篇解读：作者曾多次来到中国，游览过北京、上海和重庆，但本次旅行，作者去了中国偏远的城市和景点，并且在博客上贴出游记，感叹中国发生的巨大变化。‎ ‎1．an　考查冠词。句意：我最近刚从中国回来，经历了长达26天的旅行。此处泛指“一次长达26天的旅行”，extended 26day trip为名词短语，且extended以元音音素开头。故其前应用不定冠词an。‎ ‎2．was limited　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：之前的游览仅限于三个主要城市——北京、上海和重庆。分析句子结构可知，主语travel和limit之间为被动关系，结合“previous(之前的)”可知，应用一般过去时。故填was limited。‎ ‎3．missed　考查非谓语动词。句意：这次我和家人能够一起去一些先前旅行错过的较偏远的城市和度假景点，并重游北京和上海，看看短短四年内那里发生的巨大变化。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语“was able to visit and revisit，”因此设空处应用非谓语动词；逻辑主语more remote cities and holiday destinations和miss之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故填missed。‎ ‎4．struggles　考查名词单复数。句意：中国今天的很多矛盾与斗争令人印象非常深刻。根据and可知所填的词与contradictions为并列关系，因此，应用复数形式。故填struggles。‎ ‎5．dating　考查非谓语动词。句意：上溯到古代的丰富文化以一种从未见过的速度与规模在现代发生着变化，没有人能忽略这一点。date back to为固定短语，意为“上溯到”，没有被动语态，故用现在分词形式作后置定语，修饰the rich culture。‎ ‎6．What/Whatever　考查主语从句。句意：中国，这个拥有全世界20%人口的世界第三大国，在此发生的任何事无疑会影响我们所有人的未来。分析句意和句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，因此用What或Whatever引导该从句。‎ ‎7．largest　考查形容词最高级。句意见上一题解析。“‎ the＋序数词＋最高级”表示“第几最……”；结合设空后的“in the world”也可知此处含有最高级含义，故填largest。‎ ‎8．certainly　考查词性转换。句意见第6题解析。设空处修饰动词shape，应用副词。故填certainly。‎ ‎9．us　考查代词。句意见第6题解析。设空处作介词of的宾语，因此，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填us。‎ ‎10．with　考查介词。句意：在这个博客上，我将会贴出附有照片和图画的旅游日记。根据句意可知，设空处表示“有；附有”，故填介词with, with photographs and drawings作后置定语修饰travel journal。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed. It was for the first time that he had become the proud owner of a bed where had springs (弹簧) and a mattress (床垫). Because the weather is very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very good for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof but sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did wake up until the bed struck the ground. Although the bed was broken into piece, the man was surprisingly unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glanced at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried them into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he quickly went for sleep again.‎ 答案：第二句：去掉for; where→which/that 第三句：is→was 第四句：good→well 第五句：but→and 第六句：在did后加not 第七句：piece→pieces 第九句：Glanced→Glancing; them→it 第十句：for→to