【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习限时规范练北师大版：必修4Unit12A　CultureShock作业 7页

限时规范练23(必修4　Unit 12A)‎ 核心素养关键词:培养学生人与自然、爱护文化遗产的素养能力意识 ‎　限时规范练第46页　 ‎ 一、阅读理解 A The Pharos,the great lighthouse of Alexandria,was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.It stood on the island of Pharos,in the harbor of the city of Alexandria.In 290 B.C,Ptolemy I Soter,the ruler of Egypt,ordered the building of the lighthouse.Twenty years later,it was finished — the first lighthouse in the world and the tallest building on Earth,besides the Great Pyramid of Egypt.‎ The Pharos was designed by Sostrates,a Greek architect.Sostrates wanted to leave his name on the base of the lighthouse.But Ptolemy refused,ordering that only his own name appear on the building.But Sostrates found a way to do that.At the base of the Pharos,Sostrates left a message containing his own name.Then he covered it with plaster (建筑石膏) and left Ptolemy’s name over it.After many years,the plaster disappeared and people knew the true architect of the lighthouse.‎ In 1302 and 1323,two strong earthquakes hit Alexandria,damaging the lighthouse.In 1326,it finally fell into the sea.Much of what we know about the lighthouse comes from the writings of Arabs who once visited the Pharos.‎ The Pharos was about 384 feet tall,the same height as a modern 40-story building.At the top of the lighthouse stood a large statue of Poseidon,the Greek god of the sea.Under it was a beacon,the source of light for the lighthouse.The Pharos used two kinds of beacons.At night,a large fire created the light.During the day,a huge mirror made use of the sunlight to create the light.‎ It was said that the mirror was also used to set enemy ships on fire as they entered the harbor by directing the sun’s rays (sunlight) at them.While the idea is interesting,it is also clearly impossible.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了古代世界七大奇迹之一的亚历山大灯塔。‎ ‎1.Why did Sostrates use plaster at the base of the Pharos?‎ A.To follow Ptolemy’s orders.‎ B.To hide his name left on the base.‎ C.To protect the base from damage.‎ D.To make the lighthouse more beautiful.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sostrates left a message containing his own name.Then he covered it with plaster and left Ptolemy’s name over it”可知,Sostrates是亚历山大灯塔的设计者,他在底座使用建筑石膏是为了隐藏他的名字。‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A.The statue.‎ B.A large fire.‎ C.A huge mirror.‎ D.The lighthouse.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。联系前一句“At the top of the lighthouse stood a large statue of Poseidon,the Greek god of the sea.”可知,此处it指的是波塞冬雕像。‎ ‎3.What’s the main purpose of the text?‎ A.To explain why the Pharos was built.‎ B.To find more secrets about the Pharos.‎ C.To introduce the true architect of the Pharos.‎ D.To offer some basic facts about the Pharos.‎ 答案D 解析写作目的题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了埃及亚历山大灯塔的一些基本信息。‎ B Dalmatian Coast,Croatia It’s no secret that summers on the Dalmatian Coast in Croatia offer clear blue waters for swimming,beautiful sunsets,historic buildings and picture-perfect beaches.The best way to see the Dalmatian Coast is from your own sea kayak (皮划艇).But the temperature is far too high to be comfortable in the high season,so you need to wait until it drops but the sea is still warm.‎ Mykonos,Greece Mykonos is usually very crowded with visitors in July and August,but the Greek meltemi winds can be a real problem in high summer.Later in the season,they are much calmer and you can spend your time lying on the beach without being angry with the sand.The best address is the Hotel Belvedere,but the cheapest hotel is the Grace Mykonos,which is good value in September,but even better a month later.‎ Aeolian Islands,Italy Sicily’s beautiful seven islands often attract Oscar-winners like Robert De Niro and Russell Crowe.September is the time to visit the Aeolian Islands,as the tourists have gone.Don’t miss Panarea,where the only way of getting around is on foot,and make sure you include the greenest island,Salina.‎ St Tropez,France St Tropez in high season is full,but coming to the end of August,it soon returns to being the French Provencal fishing town of the 1960s.You can walk through its streets in peace and drop into its popular stores without the crowds.It’s also much easier to get a meal at places such as Alain Ducasse’s Spoon,or to drop into bars like Nikki Beach for a drink.The best places to stay are Hotel La Ponche or Le Beauvallon,a 10-minute boat ride across the bay in St Maxime.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个旅游胜地的最佳旅行季节和最佳住宿地点。‎ ‎4.Where can you go if you are interested in historic buildings?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.Mykonos,Greece.‎ B.St Tropez,France.‎ C.Aeolian Islands,Italy.‎ D.Dalmatian Coast,Croatia.‎ 答案D 解析细节理解题。由Dalmatian Coast,Croatia部分的内容介绍“It’s no secret that summers on the Dalmatian Coast in Croatia offer...historic buildings”可知,游客在克罗地亚的达尔马提亚海岸可以看到历史建筑。‎ ‎5.When is the best time to stay in the Grace Mykonos?‎ A.In July. ‎ B.In August.‎ C.In October. ‎ D.In September.‎ 答案C 解析细节理解题。由Mykonos,Greece部分的内容介绍“the cheapest hotel is the Grace Mykonos,which is good value in September,but even better a month later”可知,位于希腊的米克诺斯岛上的Grace Mykonos酒店十月份的性价比最高。‎ ‎6.Why does the author say September is the time to visit the Aeolian Islands?‎ A.There are fewer tourists.‎ B.The weather is quite good.‎ C.There’s a chance to meet stars.‎ D.Green can be seen everywhere.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。由Aeolian Islands,Italy部分的内容介绍“September is the time to visit the Aeolian Islands,as the tourists have gone.”可知答案。‎ ‎7.Which word can best describe St Tropez at the end of August?‎ A.Hot. B.Quiet.‎ C.Busy. D.Green.‎ 答案B 解析推理判断题。由St Tropez,France部分的内容介绍“You can walk through its streets in peace and drop into its popular stores without the crowds.”可知,八月末的圣特罗佩游客很少,因此很安静。‎ 二、七选五 A ray of sunlight makes its way through the leaves and lights up a new day for all kinds of animals.The rainforest is waking up.‎ Racing for Light Rainforests are plentiful,warm,and wet habitats.　1　,because they have to compete with other plants for sunlight. ‎ ‎　2　.The emergent layer (露生层) is made up of the very tallest trees.In the next layer,the canopy (冠层),the leaves of the trees all touch one another.Most animals in the rainforest live in the canopy.The layer below the canopy is called the understory.Small trees and plants that do not need much light grow here.The last layer is the forest floor where only a few plants grow because it’s so dark. ‎ Famous Rainforests There are rainforests in Africa,Asia,Australia,and Central and South America.　3　.More than half of it is in Brazil,but parts are in several other South American countries.The next biggest rainforest is in Congo. ‎ Water Cycle Trees and other plants let water out into the atmosphere — then the water falls back to earth as rain.Rainforest trees can give out a lot of water,up to 200 gallons each year.　4　,so it is always warm and wet. ‎ Rainforests help to stabilize the climate of the world.　5　.That’s good because too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can make the planet too warm. ‎ A.The rainforest has four layers B.Trees in the rainforest grow very tall C.Rainforests can be considered destroyed D.The biggest rainforest is the Amazon rainforest E.The tallest trees block the light from the trees below F.They not only make rain but also take in carbon dioxide G.The water forms a thick cloud-cover over the rainforest 答案与解析 ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了热带雨林中树木的垂直分布情况,世界上大型热带雨林的分布区域,以及热带雨林涵养水源、维持气候稳定的特性。‎ ‎1.B　根据第二段中的“because they have to compete with other plants for sunlight”以及下文热带雨林中的分层现象可知,热带雨林中树木为了争夺阳光而长得很高。‎ ‎2.A　根据第三段中所介绍的热带雨林中树木的四个垂直分布层可知,这一段首句为“热带雨林包括四个垂直层”。‎ ‎3.D　根据第四段中的“The next biggest rainforest is in Congo”可知,前面介绍的是世界上最大的热带雨林。‎ ‎4.G　根据此空后的“so it is always warm and wet”以及空前的“Rainforest trees can give out a lot of water”可知,树木释放出来的水汽形成云层覆盖着热带雨林,使得热带雨林保持着湿润与温暖。‎ ‎5.F　根据文章末句“That’s good because too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can make the planet too warm”可知,热带雨林不仅释放水汽,而且吸收二氧化碳,可以保持气候稳定。‎ 三、语法填空 Food,water,and shelter 1.　　　　　　 (be) basic human needs,but it is reported that there are 1.2 billion people in the world without enough housing.This may change thanks 2. a revolutionary use of 3D printers to construct houses. ‎ Tech company ICON has developed a method for 3. (create) a one-floor,60-square-meter house out of cement in a day for $10,000.This is a small amount of both the time and cost 4.　　　　　　 (need) to build a similar construction using traditional methods.The company aims 5. (bring) that cost down to $4,000 per house.A traditional house would be much 6. (expensive) than that.The affordability of these houses makes 7.　　　　　　 (they) much more accessible to those who live in poor areas. ‎ ICON has teamed up with New Story,a non-profit organization 8.　　　　　　 focuses on finding international housing solutions.Together,they will start building homes in developing countries. ‎ This technology is a(n) 9.　　　　　　 (amaze) solution for those who are in need of shelter.10.　　　　　 is also possible that 3D-printed houses will become common in richer countries in years to come. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1.are　考查主谓一致。此处描述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时;又因主语是Food,water,and shelter,故填are。‎ ‎2.to　考查介词。thanks to 意为“由于,因为”。‎ ‎3.creating　考查动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。设空处做介词for的宾语,故填creating。‎ ‎4.needed　考查过去分词做定语的用法。the time and cost后跟后置定语,因为need与the time and cost之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填needed。‎ ‎5.to bring　考查不定式做宾语的用法。aim to do sth.意为“打算做某事”。‎ ‎6.more expensive　考查形容词比较级。由than that以及上文中的“This is a small amount of both the time and cost...using traditional methods”可知,此处应用形容词比较级,表示“更贵的”,故填more expensive。‎ ‎7.them　考查代词。设空处做宾语,指代these houses,表示“它们”,故填them。‎ ‎8.that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰organization且在从句中做主语,故填that或which。‎ ‎9.amazing　考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰solution,表示“令人惊讶的”,故填形容词amazing。‎ ‎10.It　考查it的用法。设空处做形式主语,真正的主语是that 3D-printed houses will become common in richer countries in years to come,故填It。‎