【英语】2020届英语二轮复习600分冲刺优练：专题1阅读理解考点4　词义猜测题巩固学案 4页

第一编　专题一　考点4‎ A ‎(2019·天津卷，D)‎ Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven－knows－what motives，he determines to write a book.‎ The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》)．And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before?‎ We've all known people who run_out_of_steam before they reach life's halfway mark.I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can't all get there.I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.‎ Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.‎ The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can't change.We learn to avoid self－pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.‎ With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.‎ Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck，or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.They've learned life's most valuable lesson.‎ 文章大意：主题：人与自我(做人与做事)；话题：过有意义的成年人生活。本文是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成年人生活。‎ ‎1．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that _B__.‎ A．loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B．age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D．disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success 解析：推理判断题。根据前两段中的描述，此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本书，而且此书还获得了成功，350多年后依旧受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故答案为B。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？_D__‎ A．End one's struggle for liberty.‎ B．Waste one's energy taking risks.‎ C．Miss the opportunity to succeed.‎ D．Lose the interest to continue learning.‎ 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后作者说的“我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的人，因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的”可知，画线短语的意思是“没有兴趣继续学习”，故答案为D。‎ ‎3．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？_C__‎ A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.‎ B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.‎ C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.‎ D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.‎ 解析：推理判断题。第四段提到我们在自己的专业领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，我们失去了好奇心。但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，机会无处不在。暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C。‎ ‎4．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？_D__‎ A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.‎ B．A wise man can live without self－pity.‎ C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.‎ D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.‎ 解析：推理判断题。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知第五段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故答案为D。‎ ‎5．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？_A__‎ A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.‎ B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.‎ C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.‎ D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.‎ 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出他的主题：一个人如何过有意义的成年人生活。作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去生活等，故答案为A。‎ B ‎(2019·厦门市一模)‎ Forests are always losers at the Olympics, and that's unlikely to change anytime soon.‎ For the winter games in Pyeongchang, ROK, virgin forest was destroyed on Mount Gariwang to accommodate ski runs. For the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, a ski run is set to wipe out part of the Songshan National Nature Reserve. And let's not forget the 240 acres of Atlantic Forest that were leveled for the 2016 games in Rio de Janeiro to make way for a golf course.‎ For the upcoming Tokyo games, environmental and human rights advocates have been raising alarms about the use of tropical wood to build the New National Stadium. Activists have fought against such environmental destruction. The damage is often permanent，threatens endangered plants and animals and, in some cases, causes conflicts with native people. But frequently the country's organizing committee, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have found ways to make it reasonable—despite a paragraph in the Olympic Charter that states that the IOC's role is to “encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues.”‎ ‎“As it stands now, the IOC has little authority over a city's local organizing committee，which finally plans the event，” Chappelet, professor of public management at the University of Lausanne, told Earther. “Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games, they have no built－in systems to supervise (监督) them so that they strictly follow the Olympic Charter. The only thing they can do if they're not happy is to withdraw the right to organize the game. But the IOC could include more enforcement (执行) systems into the contract (合同) they make with the host city，” he added. That contract must be signed and obeyed by everyone. Those who break it could be fined.‎ Boykoff, the author of several books on the Olympics, suggested a similar solution.“The IOC could insist that host cities prioritize their ecological promises, but instead they look the other way, time and time again，” he said.‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了为举办奥运会，每一届的主办方都牺牲了环境，对此国际奥委会也没有太可行的办法。‎ ‎6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？_D__‎ A．Popularity of the Olympics.‎ B．Different needs of the Olympics.‎ C．Importance of protecting forests.‎ D．Problems caused by the Olympics.‎ 解析：段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段讲述了韩国为了举办冬季奥运会，砍伐原始森林给滑雪道提供空间；为了将在2022年举行的北京冬奥会，松山国家级自然保护区的一部分被规划修建滑雪道；还有在2016年的里约热内卢奥运会上，240英亩的大西洋森林也被夷为平地。由此可知，这些都是奥运会所导致的问题。故选D。‎ ‎7．What is the IOC expected to do according to the Olympic Charter？_D__‎ A．Lead the fight against destruction.‎ B．Withdraw the rights of host cities.‎ C．Ban the destruction of the environment.‎ D．Promote a responsible concern for the environment.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话中的“...the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have found ways to make it reasonable...states that the IOC's role is to ‘encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues.’”可知，“奥林匹克宪章”是希望奥委会促进对环境问题负责任的关注。故选D。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “they” in the text refer to？_C__‎ A．The IOC．　　　 B．Built－in systems.‎ C．Host cities. D．The games.‎ 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段该画线词前面的“Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games，they have no built－in systems to supervise(监督) them...”可知，即使国际奥委会对主办城市为奥运会做准备的方式感到不满，他们也不能来监督它们。由此推断后面so that引导的从句中的they指代的是前面的host cities，故选C。‎ ‎9．What can be the best title for the text？_B__‎ A．IOC Stresses Its Active Role B．Prized Forests Lost Big C．Perfect Solutions Are Found D．Conflicts Arise at the Olympics 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是举办奥运会，森林遭到了破坏。且由第一段提出的“森林总是奥运会的受害者，且这一情况不太可能在短期内改变”可判断，B项(珍贵的森林损失惨重)能概括文章的中心，为最佳标题。‎