【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习课后达标检测北师大版：必修4Unit11　TheMedia作业 12页

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020· 合肥重点高中摸底)Technology is forever changing the way we get our news. Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices, instead of traditional media, such as newspapers, television or radio. An increasing number of people also report turning to social media for information.‎ Now, there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get the news: computer－created news readers. China has launched what it called the world’s first artificial intelligence, or AI news presenters.‎ The news readers, supported by machine learning technology, are based on two real life Chinese newsmen. One is able to present news broadcast in English; the other, in Mandarin Chinese. A report said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen. Similar technology has been used to create video products known as “deepfake videos”. A deepfake video is a video that looks real, but is electronically changed. Such videos can make people appear to say things they never said.‎ It’s said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they “can work 24 hours a day” on its website and on social media. One of the presenters even promised to “work tirelessly” to keep people informed. Some machine learning experts said the system showed off China’s latest progress in voice recognition, text to speech technology and data analysis.‎ Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers. Some people argued that only low level jobs requiring heavy labor will be easily replaced by robots. Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from lowcost labor machines.‎ Anyway, for its great potential, some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了人工智能新闻主播的相关内容。‎ ‎1．People now get information mainly from ________．‎ A．electronic devices B．traditional media C．social media D．AI news presenters A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices”可知，人们现在主要从电子设备上获得信息。‎ ‎2．The author mentioned “deepfake” in Paragraph 3 because ________．‎ A．it was also artificial B．it was also developed by China C．it also used machine learning technology D．it also gained popularity and recognition C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“A report said machine learning was used...known as ‘deepfake videos’．”可推知，作者提到deepfake是因为它也用了机器学习技术。‎ ‎3．What can we know about AI news presenters?‎ A．AI news presenters can only “speak” one language.‎ B．Not all the people are in favor of AI news presenters.‎ C．AI news presenters will soon replace human news readers.‎ D．AI news presenters can reflect the improvement in robot making.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers.”可知，并不是所有人都支持人工智能新闻主播。‎ ‎4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．Further research on the technology.‎ B．Other advantages of the technology.‎ C．Principles the technology is based on.‎ D．Examples the technology is applied to.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations”可知，接下来的一段很可能讨论这种技术所应用的例子。‎ B ‎(2020·重庆质量抽测)Would a faster reading speed mean that we could learn more? Some people claim that it’s possible. In July last year, the sixtime speed reading champion Anne Jones sat down to read Harper Lee’s Go Set a Watchman. Just 25 minutes and 31 seconds later, she finished it—which equals a reading rate of around 3，700 words per minute. Jones runs training courses teaching speed reading, recall and concentration techniques and there are numerous speed reading apps that have appeared on the market over the past few years. But do they actually work?‎ First, we need to understand how we read. The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability. Read over that sentence again, and think about how your eyes scan across the words. They don’t move smoothly over them. Instead, they make a series of short, sharp jumps, skipping over a few characters before briefly landing on a word. The movements are known as saccades(扫视) and the pauses are called fixations.‎ Reading isn’t just about seeing the words—you need to comprehend them to build up a ‎ picture about what the text means. People are able to get through a block of text faster, but at the cost of accuracy and understanding. In other words, if you use a speed reading app, then you’ll probably get the gist(主旨) of a piece of text, but you’ll struggle to recall details about what you’ve just read.‎ So, does speed reading work? Well, yes and no. It really depends on what you’re reading and why you need to read it. As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a tradeoff．‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了快速阅读有一定作用。虽然快速阅读能掌握文章的主旨，但是回忆细节还需要时间。‎ ‎5．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Speed reading is bad at times.‎ B．Speed reading is a waste of time.‎ C．Speed reading can work sometimes.‎ D．Speed reading is always enjoyable.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句“But do they actually work？”可知，本文第一段对快速阅读是否有用提出疑问；接着第二段介绍了阅读能力与眼睛运动系统有关，结合第三段尾句可知，使用速读应用程序你很可能掌握主旨大意，但是文章细节不一定能掌握。据此可推知，快速阅读有时是有用的，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．What can we know from the passage?‎ A．Reading apps ensure us to read much faster.‎ B．Fast reading makes us learn more knowledge.‎ C．Reading is no more than seeing the text words.‎ D．Reading ability is related to the eye movement system.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability.”可知，人的眼睛运动系统对我们的阅读能力很重要，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “tradeoff” most probably mean in the last paragraph?‎ A．Balance. B．Change.‎ C．Business. D．Bargain.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段尾句“As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a tradeoff．”可知，到目前为止，还没有一种技巧可以让你既快速又准确地阅读一篇文章——这总要一种平衡。据此可推知，画线词意为“平衡”，故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What might the writer continue to talk about?‎ A．The advantages of faster or slower reading.‎ B．The reasons why to do faster or slower reading.‎ C．The cases where to do faster and slower reading.‎ D．The methods for making use of faster or slower reading.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句“As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a tradeoff．”可知，到目前为止，还没有一种技巧可以让你既快速又准确地阅读一篇文章——这总要一种平衡；据此可推知，本文接下来可能阐述在什么情况下进行速读以及在什么情况下进行慢读，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·合肥高三联考)My sevenyearold daughter always has her nose in a book. She even continued __1__ in the car on the long drive to summer camp, where she lost the book. This is the first lost __2__ book in my life. In my childhood, my parents had always expected me to be __3__， but we were poor, and I didn’t __4__ books. I had to borrow books. My library books lived on a __5__ shelf while they were mine, and it __6__ me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.‎ However, my daughter has __7__ books now than I owned during my whole childhood. So it’s probably my __8__ that she didn’t cherish the books. “Sorry, I can’t find it，” my daughter said with a shrug. “We just pay $20 for the book. What’s the big __9__？” The missing library book just met with a cold __10__ from her, but it met with nailbiting __11__ from me. I walked into the library in a deep __12__ as if I had lost the book.‎ Feeling the need to make her feel __13__ for the book, I asked her to do the household chores. She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses __14__ my paying the library book. I’d meant the chores to be a(n) __15__！‎ Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself. I took a picture of her lovely back. So, did I win or lose at __16__？ Did I teach her the __17__ of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working __18__？‎ To my __19__， my little girl knew what __20__ in her life. She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述的是“我”教育女儿的经历：“我”在童年时期因为家庭经济状况不好但家人又期望“我”学业成绩优秀，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜；“我”的女儿现在拥有很多书，但却对弄丢一本从图书馆借来的书毫不在乎，这让“我”意识到有必要让她接受惩罚……‎ ‎1．A.driving B．thinking C．reading D．viewing C　解析：根据文章第一句“My sevenyearold daughter always has her nose in a book.”‎ 可推知，“我”的女儿甚至在去夏令营的长途中在车里继续看(reading)书。‎ ‎2．A.school B．reference C．story D．library D　解析：根据下文中的“The missing library book”可知，此处是指“我”的女儿把从图书馆借来的书弄丢了。故选D。‎ ‎3．A.powerful B．practical C．academic D．employed C　解析：根据本句中的“but we were poor”和下文中的“I had to borrow books.”可推知，在“我”的童年时期，父母一直希望“我”的学业成绩优秀。academic“学业(成绩)优秀的”符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎4．A.write B．own C．order D．love B　解析：根据上文“we were poor”可知，在“我”的童年时期，“我们”家很穷，所以“我”没有(own)书。故选B。‎ ‎5．A.wasted B．dusty C．present D．specific D　解析：根据语境可知，因为买不起书，只能从图书馆借，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜，把这些借来的书放在特定的(specific)架子上。‎ ‎6．A.pained B．companied C．abandoned D．lost A　解析：根据语境可知，当“我”不得不将借来的书在到期日归还给图书馆的时候，“我”感到很苦恼。it pains sb. to do sth.“某人因不得不做某事而感到苦恼”，为固定用法。故选A。‎ ‎7．A.fewer B．better C．cheaper D．more D　解析：根据语境可知，“我”的女儿现在拥有的书比“我”整个童年时期拥有的都要多，故选D。‎ ‎8．A.work B．reason C．fault D．duty C　解析：根据语境可推知，女儿拥有的书太多而不知道珍惜，这可能是“我”的过错(fault)。‎ ‎9．A.worry B．question C．case D．deal D　解析：根据“my daughter said with a shrug. ‘We just pay $20 for the book. What’s the ‎ big ______？’”可知，“我”的女儿认为弄丢一本从图书馆借来的书没有什么大不了的。big deal“没什么大不了”，是固定搭配，故选D。‎ ‎10．A.shoulder B．power C．refusal D．excuse A　解析：根据上文内容可知，那本从图书馆借来的丢失的书遭到了女儿的冷遇(女儿根本就没把这件事放在心上)。meet with a cold shoulder“遭受冷遇”，符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.impression B．effort C．effect D．concern D　解析：根据本句中的“but”可推知，与女儿的不在意相比，那本从图书馆借来的书的丢失却令“我”焦虑不安。concern“忧虑，担心”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.respect B．thought C．shame D．shock C　解析：因为女儿把图书馆借来的书弄丢了，所以当“我”走进图书馆时，内心深感惭愧(shame)，好像这本书是“我”自己弄丢的。‎ ‎13．A.eager B．responsible C．good D．suitable B　解析：根据语境可知，经过女儿弄丢从图书馆借来的书却对此不在乎这件事，“我”感到有必要让她意识到自己对弄丢这本书负有责任，所以“我”要求她做家务活。‎ ‎14．A.in need of B．in trade for C．in terms of D．in favor of B　解析：句意：她同意把所有的宠物房间都打扫干净，作为对我偿还那本丢失的书的交换条件。in trade for“作为对……的交换”，符合语境。in need of“需要”； in terms of“就……而言”；in favor of“赞同，支持”。‎ ‎15．A.punishment B．recovery C．encouragement D．promise A　解析：根据语境可知，“我”本来是要把做家务活当作对她的惩罚(punishment)。recovery“恢复”； encouragement“鼓励”；promise“承诺”。‎ ‎16．A.studying B．parenting C．arguing D．fighting B　解析：句意：我在为人父母方面是成功还是失败呢？此处parent用作动词，意为“做……的父亲(或母亲)”。‎ ‎17．A.benefit B．method C．commitment D．demand C　解析：句意：如果我拍的这张照片显示她正认真地(seriously)干活，‎ 那我让她明白了保存一本从图书馆借来的书的承诺(commitment)吗？‎ ‎18．A.seriously B．unwillingly C．professionally D．constantly A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.disappointment B．relief C．regret D．sorrow B　解析：根据下文“She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.”可推知，令“我”宽慰(relief)的是，“我”的女儿知道在她的人生中什么是重要(matters)的。‎ ‎20．A.matters B．proves C．exists D．grows A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·商丘高三模拟)Robert Frost(1874－1963) was the statesman of American letters in the twentieth century, a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens. In his life, Frost won four Pulitzer Prizes for his works—more than any other poet in American history. His most famous poems include The Road Not Taken, Fire and Ice and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. Though he is widely read, Frost is also one of the most misunderstood writers in the United States for the complexity of his poems.‎ Though born in California, Frost was brought up in New England, where he is inseparably linked. After dropping out of Dartmouth College to seek his literary dream, he remained upset for years, producing collections of works but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile. Finally, Frost left the United States in 1912 to see whether his work might be better received in London. It was, and in 1913 his first full collection was published in Great Britain. Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frost’s work and brought it back to the United States, publicizing it insistently. Soon afterwards Frost’s collections became bestsellers, and he became a famous figure.‎ From then on, Frost was on his way to the lifelong respect and recognition for his achievements in poetry. In 1961, he was invited to read a poem for the presidential inauguration(总统就职典礼) of John F．Kennedy. He recited his poem, The Gift Outright, from memory at the ceremony. This was perhaps his last poetry reading in front of a wide national audience before his death in 1963.More importantly, Frost became the first poet to read a poem at a presidential inauguration.‎ ‎【解题导语】　文章主要介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert Frost的文学生涯。‎ ‎1．What makes Frost “the statesman of American letters”？‎ A．The comments of other writers.‎ B．His literary achievements.‎ C．The complexity of his poems.‎ D．His political activities.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens...in American history”可知，他的文学成就很高。故选B项。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Frost before 1912?‎ A．He continued writing after his graduation from Dartmouth College.‎ B．He was well received in London for his first collection.‎ C．He failed to make much money with his publication.‎ D．He produced enough works to achieve literary success.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile”可知，当时Frost没能靠写作挣到很多钱。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, what brought Frost immediate success in the US?‎ A．The literary value of his poetry.‎ B．The publication of his first collection.‎ C．The invitation from John F．Kennedy.‎ D．The recommendation by Amy Lowell.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frost’s work and brought it back to the United States, publicizing it insistently...a famous figure.”可知，美国诗人Amy Lowell喜欢Frost的作品，并把它带去了美国进行宣传，这使得Frost在美国迅速取得成功，故选D项。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．The Literary Life of Robert Frost：An Overview B．Robert Frost and the Twentieth Century C．Robert Frost：A Historical Figure D．The Popularity of Robert Frost A　解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert Frost的文学生涯。A选项意为“Robert Frost的文学生涯概述”，能概括文意，故选A项。‎ B ‎(2020·大连高三双基测试)Lady Gaga’s latest film became an instant hit ‎ over the weekend, helping push theaters to an October ticketselling record.‎ A Star Is Born, actorturneddirector Bradley Cooper’s remake of a Hollywood classic in the late 1930s, went beyond the previous expectations of movie analysts by roughly 30 percent.‎ The original production is such a great Hollywood myth that it’s no wonder Hollywood keeps telling it. Whatever the era, the director or the headliners, it tells the story of two lovers on dramatically different paths: a famous man who’s racing to the bottom and a woman who’s soaring to the top.‎ Mr. Cooper does a lot right in this movie A Star Is Born, beginning with the casting of Lady Gaga, whose relaxing, naturalistic performance is the key to the movie’s force.‎ A postMadonna pop artist was known for her elaborate(精心制作的) make up and costumes, which she adopted no more here.‎ This unmasking of Lady Gaga makes her character seem genuine or say natural, a quality that the movie is in favor of and that serves as a kind of everlasting first principle.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《A Star Is Born》这部电影的相关情况。‎ ‎5．What does the author think of the new movie?‎ A．Boring.　　 B．Recommendable.‎ C．Ridiculous. D．Amusing.‎ B　解析：观点态度题。根据第一段“Lady Gaga’s latest film became an instant hit over the weekend, helping push theaters to an October ticketselling record.”可推知，作者认为这部新电影是值得推荐的。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “soaring” in the third paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．rising B．singing C．running D．shouting A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“different paths: a famous man who’s racing to the bottom and a woman who’s soaring to the top”可推知，画线词意为“上升”，故选A。‎ ‎7．What can we learn about the movie?‎ A．The remakes of the movie adopt different plots.‎ B．The movie tells the story of two friends on different paths.‎ C．Natural performance is considered as the only principle in this movie.‎ D．The movie is more impressive than what movie analysts expected.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“went beyond the previous expectations of movie analysts by roughly 30 percent”可知，这部电影给人的印象比电影分析师预期的要好。‎ ‎8．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．A Hollywood Movie—A Star Is Born B．Lady Gaga Is on the Edge of Potential Oscar Glory C．A Latest Film of Lady Gaga Won the Oscar Award D．The Box Office of Bradley Cooper’s New Movie A　解析：标题归纳题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第一段“Lady Gaga’s latest film became an instant hit over the weekend, helping push theaters to an October ticketselling record.”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了A Star Is Born这部影片的相关内容，故A项最适合作本文标题。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·合肥高三调研)One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1.________， but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.‎ ‎2．________. Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what you’re saying is important and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.‎ Openness or honesty. 3.________， they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn’t do it.‎ Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4.________， and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.‎ Feeling defensive. Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5.________！‎ A．Saying something important B．When people want to be open or honest C．Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional D．But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold E．Playing with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxiety F．This gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionals G．When someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肢体语言的各种含义，如说明你在讲重要的事；表示开放和诚实的心态；表示紧张和防御心理等。‎ ‎1．C　解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，空处与下文“‎ 手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系，C项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题；结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what you’re saying is important” “stresses a personal point”可知，该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．B　解析：根据空前的“Openness or honesty.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第二种含义：表示开放或诚实(的心态)，结合选项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知， B项正确。‎ ‎4．E　解析：根据该段主题句“Nervousness.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第三种含义：紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知，空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式，故E项正确。‎ ‎5．D　解析：根据该段第二句“Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself.”可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势，表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前仅仅说明你很寒冷，故D项正确。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·洛阳、许昌质检)Hotel guests in China might no 1.____________(long) have to worry about waiting in line to check in. At the Alibaba’s futuristic(未来派的) hotels, guests can scan their IDs, take a photo and input personal details using a machine to check 2.____________(they) in. The smart equipment will then provide a room key card after the information 3.____________(check). The process will take less than a minute, according to the company. Targeting only Chinese customers for now, the new service will be 4.____________(gradual) expanded globally. The rapid growth of mobile usage and mobile payment adoption can show 5.____________ convenient people’s life is becoming in China.‎ Alibaba isn’t the only company 6.____________ introduces hightech hotels. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhenbased company which focused 7.____________developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in Chengdu, Sichuan, back in January. 8.____________(travel) can book a room through Smart LYZ’s WeChat website, check in through a facial recognition machine, unlock the door with a 9.____________(give) passcode or through its mobile app and finally, check out by pressing a button on the app. The AI Smart Room will undoubtedly be extremely attractive to guests, 10.____________(create) the way for a new level of modernization and consumers’satisfaction.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了智能宾馆的相关内容。‎ ‎1．longer　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在中国，宾馆住客再也不用担心排队登记入住了。no longer是固定搭配，意为“不再”，故填longer。‎ ‎2．themselves　解析：考查代词。此处表示完成他们自己的登记入住。故应用they的反身代词themselves，作check的宾语。‎ ‎3．is checked　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示在信息被核实之后。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，又根据语境并分析句子结构可知，主语the information与check之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填is checked。‎ ‎4．gradually　解析：考查词形转换。此处应用副词修饰其后的“expanded”。‎ ‎5．how　解析：考查宾语从句。此处表示在中国，人们的生活正在变得多么便利。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，又根据语境可知，此处表示程度，故用连接副词how“多么”。‎ ‎6．that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词the only company，在句中作主语，又根据先行词前面有the only修饰，故填that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎7．on/upon　解析：考查介词。此处表示专注于研发AI技术和智能宾馆。focus on/upon是固定搭配，意为“集中”，故填on/upon。‎ ‎8．Travel(l)ers　解析：考查名词。此处表示通过Smart LYZ的微信网页，旅客们就能预订房间。根据语境可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎9．given　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的a和空后的名词passcode可知，此处应用形容词given“给定的”。‎ ‎10．creating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语The AI Smart Room与create之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用create的现在分词形式creating。‎