【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：考前要点再排查四 14页

四、熟词生义 ‎1.address 熟词：n. 地址，住址，网址；电子邮箱地址；演说；演讲 生义：v. 称呼；发表演说；提出；写地址；处理 ‎①Mr Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia.‎ 霍华德先生发表了关于亚洲经济战略的演讲。‎ ‎②Most people call me Bob. How do I address you?‎ 大家叫我鲍勃，我怎么称呼你？‎ ‎③Please address all enquiries to this office.‎ 一切查询请向本办公室提出。‎ ‎④There is a letter addressed to you.‎ 有封写给你收的信。‎ ‎⑤The next meeting will address the problem of truancy.‎ 下次会议将着手解决学生的逃课问题。‎ ‎⑥He addressed me in low tunes.‎ 他低声与我交谈。‎ ‎2．admit 熟词：vt. 承认 生义：vt. 准许进入；接[容]纳；容许 ‎①This ticket admits two people to the football match.‎ 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。‎ ‎②He was delighted to be_admitted to Beijing‎ ‎University.‎ 他很高兴被北京大学录取。‎ ‎③The cinema admits about 2,000 people.‎ 这座电影院大约可容纳 2,000 人。‎ ‎④The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.‎ 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。‎ ‎3．against 熟词：prep. 反对；逆着；倚靠着 生义：prep. 衬托，以……为背景；防备 ‎①The white building looks beautiful against the blue sky.‎ 在蓝天衬托下，这栋白楼很漂亮。‎ ‎②She was forced to go there against her will.‎ 她被迫不情愿地去那里。‎ ‎③Put the ladder against the wall.‎ 把梯子靠着墙放置。‎ ‎④We are all taking medicine against the flu.‎ 我们都在服药预防流感。‎ ‎⑤—Let's have a further talk.‎ ‎—Sorry, I don't have time to talk. My report is due on Friday and I am in a race against_time.‎ ‎“我们深谈一下吧。”‎ ‎“对不起，我没时间谈。我的报告周五到期，我在赶时间呢。”‎ ‎4．air 熟词：n. 空气，天空 生义：v. 发表(意见等)；使通风，使通气 ‎①At the meeting, everyone had a chance to air their views.‎ 会上，每个人都有机会发表意见。‎ ‎②She aired the room by opening the window. ‎ 她打开窗子使房间通风。‎ ‎5．allow 熟词：vt. 允许，准许 生义：vi. 容许(of)；体谅，顾及(for)　vt. 预留，预计 ‎①They allowed him ￡1,000 for expenses.‎ 他们给他每年1,000 英镑的开销。‎ ‎②The situations allow of no excuse.‎ 形势不容许拖延。‎ ‎③We must allow for his youth.‎ 我们应当体谅他年轻。‎ ‎④We should allow 15 minutes for delay.‎ 我们应该预留15分钟以防耽搁。‎ ‎6．attend 熟词：vt. 出席，参加 生义：vi. 伺候，照应；处理，料理(与to连用)‎ ‎①A nurse attended_to his needs constantly.‎ 有一位护士经常照料他的需要。‎ ‎②You should know how to attend_to the problem.‎ 你应该知道如何处理这个问题。‎ ‎7．build 熟词：vt. 建造， 建筑 生义：n. 体格；体型 ‎①We're of the same build.‎ 我们体型相同。‎ ‎②He is a man of strong build.‎ 他是个体格健壮的人。‎ ‎8．charge 熟词：n. 费用　vt. 收费，索价；指控 生义：vt.猛冲，攻击；充电；装(满)‎ ‎①Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.‎ 突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。‎ ‎②I have to charge my mobile phone every day.‎ 我每天得给手机充电。‎ ‎③He immediately charged a gun with powder.‎ 他立刻用火药填满炮。‎ ‎9．coin 熟词：n. 硬币 生义：vt. 造币，铸币；杜撰(新单词或短语)‎ ‎①The government has decided to coin more oneyuan pieces.‎ 政府决定再铸造一些一元的硬币。‎ ‎②Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody.‎ 不要生造谁也不懂的词语。‎ ‎10．collect 熟词：vt. 收集 生义：vt. 收(租，税，账等)；募(捐)；领取(信件等)；使镇静，集中(思想等)；领取，接走 ‎①His work is to collect the electricity fee every month.‎ 他的工作是每月收取电费。‎ ‎②Today it is his turn to collect the children from school.‎ 今天该轮到他把孩子们从学校接回去。‎ ‎③Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.‎ 在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。‎ ‎11．count 熟词：vt. 数数，计算 生义：v. 依靠，依赖(on)；认为，看作；有价值，重要 ‎①You can count_on my help.‎ 你可以依赖我的帮助。‎ ‎②We count it an honor to help those in need.‎ 我们把帮助那些需要帮助的人看作是荣耀的事。‎ ‎③Every second counts.‎ 每一秒钟都很重要。‎ ‎12．cover 熟词：vt. 覆盖　n. 封面；被子 生义：vt. 占地面积；走完(一段路程)；报道；够付(费用)‎ ‎①The town covers 5 square miles.‎ 小镇占地5平方英里。‎ ‎②I want to cover 100 miles by dark.‎ 我想在天黑之前走完‎100英里。‎ ‎③He was sent to cover a fire for a newspaper.‎ 他被派去为报纸采访失火的新闻。‎ ‎④These expenses are covered by the state.‎ 这些费用都由国家负担。‎ ‎13．drive 熟词：vt. 开车 生义：vt. 吹，卷；驱赶　n. 车程；活动；强烈愿望 ‎①It's a 2hour drive from Birmingham.‎ 从伯明翰开车要两个小时。‎ ‎②He still has plenty of drive and ambition.‎ 他仍然充满干劲、雄心勃勃。‎ ‎③The noise outside almost drove him mad.‎ 外面的噪音几乎使他发疯。‎ ‎④Food_drive helps hungry people.‎ 通过“食物募捐活动”帮助穷人。‎ ‎14．employ 熟词：vt. 雇用 生义：vt. 使用，采用 ‎①Why didn't you employ the new method?‎ 你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢？‎ ‎②She employs her time wisely.‎ 她善于利用时间。‎ ‎15．equal 熟词：adj. 平等的，相等的　v. 等于 生义：adj. 胜任的　vt. 比得上 ‎①John is quite equal to the job of running the office.‎ 约翰完全能够胜任主理这个办事处的工作。‎ ‎②None of us can equal her.‎ 没人比得上她。‎ ‎16．exercise 熟词：vt. 练习　n. 锻炼 生义：vt. 运用(权力)，发挥 ‎①She is good at exercising her intelligence to solve the problems.‎ 她善于运用智慧解决问题。‎ ‎②It exercised a strong influence towards goodwill between the two great English ‎ speaking peoples.‎ 这件事对两个讲英语的伟大民族之间的友好亲善发挥了巨大作用。‎ ‎17．figure 熟词：n. 数字；人像；画像；图；图表 生义：n. 人物　v. 领会，懂得；推测，判断，估计 ‎①They are all the great figures of history.‎ 他们都是历史上的伟大人物。‎ ‎②We must figure_out how to solve the problem.‎ 我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。‎ ‎③I figure he'll be back soon.‎ 我估计他很快会回来。‎ ‎18．gift 熟词：n. 礼物 生义：n. 天赋　vt. 白送 ‎①He has a gift for music.‎ 他有音乐天赋。‎ ‎②They gifted their opponents a goal.‎ 他们白送给对方一分。‎ ‎19．hit 熟词：vt. 打 生义：vt. 袭击；使受严重影响；使想起；达到　n. 轰动 ‎①Last week a violent typhoon hit the coastal areas.‎ 上周一场猛烈的台风袭击了沿海地区。‎ ‎②The plan to charge motorists ￡ ‎75 a year to use the motorway is going to hit me hard.‎ 每年向开车跑高速的人征收75英镑的方案将对我造成严重的影响。‎ ‎③Then the answer hit me.‎ 然后我突然就想到了答案。‎ ‎④Oil prices hit record levels yesterday.‎ 昨天石油价格达到了新高。‎ ‎⑤The story hit the front pages of newspapers across America. ‎ 这则报道在美国成了头条新闻。‎ ‎20．hold 熟词：vt. 拿着，握着；召开，举行 生义：vt. 使身体保持某种姿势；抑制，控制；容纳；拥有，持有(金钱、土地、职位等)；保持，继续；认为 ‎①Hold yourself still.‎ 身体不要动。‎ ‎②They all held their breath to expect the final results.‎ 他们都屏住气等待最后的结果。‎ ‎③The room can hold twenty people.‎ 这屋子可容下20个人。‎ ‎④She held an important position at the bank.‎ 她在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。‎ ‎⑤My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter.‎ 对于这件事，我和丈夫持相反的观点。‎ ‎⑥Do you think the good weather can hold?‎ 你认为好天气能持续下去吗？‎ ‎⑦We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.‎ 我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。‎ ‎21．land 熟词：n. 陆地，土地　v. (使)登陆 生义：vt. 捕(鱼)，抓住或钓上(鱼)；获得，取得 ‎①Finally the fisherman anded a big catfish.‎ 最后渔夫钓上一条大鲶鱼。‎ ‎②Two weeks later, he landed a wellpaid job.‎ 两周后，他找到一份收入很高的工作。‎ ‎③He was glad to land a contract with a Japanese firm.‎ 他很高兴揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同。‎ ‎22．last 熟词：adj. 最后的 生义：vt. 持续，延续；使得以维持　adj. 最不可能的 ‎①The festival lasted two days.‎ 节日持续了两天。‎ ‎②The food will last us another week.‎ 食品够我们再吃一星期。‎ ‎③He is the last man for the job.‎ 对这项工作来说他是最不合适的人。‎ ‎23．lead 熟词：vt. 领导　n. 铅 生义：vt. 通向(to)；导致(to)；(在比赛中)领先；过(生活)　n. 榜样，带头作用 ‎①The path leads to the village.‎ 这条小路通到那村庄。‎ ‎②The evidence they got led to the thief being caught.‎ 他们搜集到的证据使窃贼被抓。‎ ‎③After the first half of the race I was leading.‎ 跑了一半赛程后我领先了。‎ ‎④He led a happy life.‎ 他的日子过得很幸福。‎ ‎⑤We should take the lead in everything.‎ 我们应该处处领先。‎ ‎24．leave 熟词：vt. 离开；留下；忘了带，丢下 生义：vt. 使……处于某种状态；听任　n. 假期(不可数)‎ ‎①I always leave the raincoat hanging behind the door.‎ 我总是让雨衣挂在门后。‎ ‎②He intended to leave others in the dark, but the secret was out.‎ 他打算不让别人知道，但是秘密泄露了。‎ ‎③Leave it as it is.‎ 让它保持原样。‎ ‎④He asked for two days' leave.‎ 他请了两天假。‎ ‎25．major 熟词：adj. 大的，主要的 生义：n. 大学主修科目　vt. 主修，专攻(in)‎ ‎①He didn't like his major,_so he exchanged it one year later.‎ 他不喜欢自己的专业，所以一年后换了专业。‎ ‎②He majored in physics at college.‎ 大学时他主修物理。‎ ‎26．monitor 熟词：n. 班长 生义：n. 监听器，监控器　vt. 监控；检查 ‎①The patient was connected to the monitor.‎ 病人身上连着监护器。‎ ‎②Officials had not been allowed to monitor the voting.‎ 官员们没有获得允许监督投票。‎ ‎27．owe 熟词：vt. 欠，欠债 生义：vt. 感恩，感激；(常与to连用)归功于 ‎①I owe you for your help.‎ 我感谢你的帮助。‎ ‎②The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.‎ 年轻作家把自己的成功归因于他老师的鼓励。‎ ‎28．passage 熟词：n. 章节，段落 生义：n. 通行，通过；(狭窄的)通道，走廊；(时间的)流逝；船程 ‎①The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries.‎ 这座木桥不够坚固，载重货车不能通行。‎ ‎②He didn't enter the room. Instead, he waited in the passage,_smoking.‎ 他没有进入房间，而是在走廊等候，抽着烟。‎ ‎③Her confidence grew with the passage of time.‎ 她的信心与日俱增。‎ ‎④He couldn't afford the fare, and so he had to earn his passage by doing jobs on the ship.‎ 他交不起船费，只得靠在船上做些零活来挣取路费。‎ ‎29．perform 熟词：vt. 表演 生义：vt. 履行，执行，完成；表现 ‎①About 200 heart operations a year are performed at the hospital.‎ 这家医院每年进行大约200台心脏手术。‎ ‎②We are looking for people who have performed outstanding acts of bravery.‎ 我们在寻找那些有过杰出英勇事迹的人。‎ ‎③A complex engine has many separate components, each performing a different function.‎ 一台复杂的发动机由很多独立的部件组成，每个部件都发挥着不同的作用。‎ ‎④The tables give a picture of how schools are performing.‎ 这些表格显示出各个学校的表现情况。‎ ‎⑤How well does this car perform in snow and ice?‎ 这辆汽车在冰雪天气驾驶性能如何？‎ ‎⑥Although she had never been interviewed on TV before, she performed well.‎ 虽然以前没有接受过电视访问，她表现得非常出色。‎ ‎30．picture 熟词：n. 画，图画；照片 生义：vt. 想象；(生动地)描绘、描述 ‎①She pictured herself at school in a foreign country.‎ 她想象自己在国外上学。‎ ‎②It is hard to picture life 200 years ago.‎ 很难想象200年前人们的生活。‎ ‎③In his work, he pictured their suffering during the war.‎ 在他的作品中，他生动描述了战争中的苦难。‎ ‎31．promise 熟词：vt. 允诺， 答应　n. 保证，承诺 生义：vt. 预示，预兆　n. 迹象，征兆 ‎①Early mist promises fair weather.‎ 晨雾预示好天气。‎ ‎②He seems to be a young player of great promise.‎ 他似乎是一个很有前途的年轻球员。‎ ‎③The letter gave a promise of greater happiness.‎ 那封信预示了更大的幸福。‎ ‎32．raise 熟词：vt. 提高，提升 生义：vt. (钱等的) 筹募，筹集；提出；饲养，种植，养育；引起 ‎①They are going to raise money for a primary school in a remote poor area.‎ 他们打算为贫困边远地区的一所小学募集资金。‎ ‎②Finally we answered the question that was raised at the meeting.‎ 最后我们回答了会上提出的问题。‎ ‎③After discussing, they decided to raise corn and soybeans.‎ 讨论之后，他们决定种植玉米和大豆。‎ ‎④Raising children is not an easy task, especially in big cities.‎ 抚养孩子不是一件容易的事，尤其是在大城市。‎ ‎⑤His remarks raised a laugh.‎ 她的评论引起一阵大笑。‎ ‎33．reach 熟词：vt. 到达 生义：vt. 伸出(手)；联系；达成(结论、协议)；(大或长等)足够达到　n. 河段；(手/能力可及之)距离、范围 ‎①He reached into his pocket and pulled out a Chinese knot.‎ 他把手伸进口袋，拿出一个中国结。‎ ‎②I've been trying all day to reach him on the telephone.‎ 我整天都在打电话找他。‎ ‎③The book in the shelf was out of reach.‎ 我够不着书架上的书。‎ ‎④No agreement hasn't been reached,_so we have to hold another meeting.‎ 没有达成任何协议，所以我们还要再开会。‎ ‎⑤The garden reaches down to the lake.‎ 花园一直延伸到湖边。‎ ‎⑥They are ready to go to the upper reaches of a river.‎ 他们准备去河流的上游。‎ ‎34．read 熟词：vt. 读，朗读，阅读 生义：vt. 看懂，理解；显示，上面写道 ‎①It's hard to read the expression on his face.‎ 难以理解他脸上的表情。‎ ‎②I can't read your shorthand notes.‎ 我看不懂你的速记符号。‎ ‎③The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.‎ 温度计显示华氏80度。‎ ‎④I found the note, reading,_“Happy Birthday！”‎ 我找到了那张便条，上面写道，“生日快乐！”‎ ‎35．regard 熟词：vt. 把……看作 生义：vt. 认为，看作；注视　n. [pl.]问候，致意 ‎①Please give my regards to your mother.‎ 请代我向你妈妈表达问候。‎ ‎②She stood back and regarded him coldly.‎ 她退后站着，冷冷地看着他。‎ ‎36．respect 熟词：vt.‎& n. 尊敬；尊重 生义：n. [pl.]敬意，问候；方面；重视，关心 ‎①Please give my respects to your friends.‎ 请代我向你的朋友表示敬意。‎ ‎②I think you are wrong in every respect.‎ 我觉得你各方面都错了。‎ ‎③We must pay respect to the needs of the general readers.‎ 我们必须关心一般读者的需要。‎ ‎37．save 熟词：vt. 挽救；节省 生义：vt. 免除，避免；保存，保留；收集 ‎①The article he sent to me saved me much trouble.‎ 他发给我的这篇文章免去我很多麻烦。‎ ‎②Save_your_breath. It's no use arguing with him.‎ 别白费劲儿了。与他争论没有用。‎ ‎③She saves in every way she can.‎ 她在各方面尽量节省。‎ ‎38．sense 熟词：n. 感觉官能；意识 生义：n. 意义　vt. 感觉，觉察，意识到 ‎①You are right in_a_sense,_but you do not know all the facts.‎ 在某种意义上你是对的，但是你并不知道实情。‎ ‎②What he said doesn't make sense, so I can't make sense of his remarks.‎ 他所说的话意思不清，所以我不明白他的评论。(make sense “有意义，意思清楚，有道理”；make sense of “理解，明白”)‎ ‎③He sensed that his proposals were unwelcome.‎ 他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。‎ ‎④There is a lot of sense in what he says.‎ 他的话颇有道理。‎ ‎⑤After finishing the task, we had a sense_of_achievement.‎ 完成这项工作后，我们有一种成就感。‎ ‎39．spring 熟词：n. 春天 生义：n. 泉水，喷泉；弹簧　vi. 跳跃，跳起 ‎①Everyone sprang_to their feet when the principal walked in.‎ 校长进来时，所有的人都立刻站了起来。‎ ‎②Natural mountain spring_water is best for tea.‎ 泡茶用的水，以天然的山泉水为上。‎ ‎40．stand 熟词：v. 站立； 坐落；忍受 生义：vt. 承受；请客；使直立　n. 立场，主张；架，台，摊 ‎①She was kind enough to stand us a meal.‎ 她真好，请我们吃了饭。‎ ‎②The building stands over 200 feet high.‎ 这栋楼‎200英尺高。‎ ‎③They took a firm stand on protecting the river nearby.‎ 对保护附近的河流他们采取坚定立场。‎ ‎④When I caught sight of Jim, he was standing by a fruit_stand.‎ 我看到Jim时，他正站在水果摊旁边。‎ ‎⑤He kicked the ball into the stands.‎ 他把球踢到了看台上。‎ ‎41．state 熟词：vt. 陈述　n. 状态 生义：vt. 声明；规定　n. 国家，州 ‎①Please state your name, age and occupation on the form.‎ 请在表上填写你的姓名、年龄和职业。‎ ‎②These tickets can only be used on the stated date.‎ 这些票只能在指定日期使用。‎ ‎③Everything was in a state of disorder.‎ 一切都处于紊乱状态。‎ ‎④In China, the railways are owned by the state. ‎ 在中国，铁路是国有的。‎ ‎42．strike 熟词：vt. 打，打击；打动　n. 罢工 生义：vt. 突然想到；(疾病、地震、洪水等)侵袭，袭击；(钟)敲响，报(时)；擦，划(火柴)‎ ‎①An idea suddenly struck me.‎ 我心中忽然产生一个念头。‎ ‎②The earthquake struck the city at night.‎ 地震在夜间袭击了这个城市。‎ ‎③The clock struck nine.‎ 钟敲了九下。‎ ‎④Strike while the iron is hot.‎ 趁热打铁。‎ ‎⑤Strike a match, and then you can get fire.‎ 划燃火柴，你可以得到火。‎ ‎43．succeed 熟词：v. 成功 生义：vt. 继……之后；接替，继承 ‎①Day succeeds day.‎ 日复一日。‎ ‎②David Rowland is almost certain to succeed him as chairman.‎ 戴维·罗兰接替他任主席几乎已成定局。‎ ‎③The dry weather was succeeded by a month of rain.‎ 干旱天气之后下了一个月雨。‎ ‎44．term 熟词：n. 学期 生义：n. 期间，期限；专业名词，术语；[pl.] 合同条款、细则　vt. 称为，把……叫作 ‎①He was made captain of the football team for a term of one year.‎ 他被推选为足球队队长，任期一年。‎ ‎②When you write an article to students, don't use too many technical terms.‎ 你写文章给学生阅读时，不要用太多的术语。‎ ‎③If you agree to my terms—free meals and good wages—I will work for you.‎ 如果你同意我的条件，免费用餐并给予高薪，我就为你工作。‎ ‎④His life may be termed happy.‎ 他的生活可称之为幸福。‎ ‎45．treat 熟词：vt. 对待；看待 生义：vt. 治疗，处置；使用；宴请，招待，款待　n. 款待 ‎①He has used this method for several years to treat obesity. ‎ 他使用这种疗法治疗肥胖已有多年。‎ ‎②Glass must be treated carefully.‎ 玻璃必须小心使用。‎ ‎③I'll treat myself to a sunbath.‎ 我要好好地享受一次日光浴。‎ ‎④Put your money away. This is my treat.‎ 把你的钱收起来，这次由我请客。‎ ‎46．voice 熟词：n. 声音，嗓音 生义：n. 发言权　vt. 表达，吐露 ‎①Everyone should have a voice in this matter.‎ 每个人对这件事都应该有发言权。‎ ‎②He voiced the feelings of the crowd.‎ 他表达出群众的情绪。‎ ‎③Our group rejected the proposal with one voice.‎ 我们小组一致反对提议。‎ ‎47．weather 熟词：n. 天气 生义：vt. 度过(暴风雨、困难等)；经受住 ‎①They are strong enough to weather the storm.‎ 它们足够结实可以抵挡住暴风雨的袭击。‎ ‎②We have weathered another war.‎ 我们又经受住了一场战争。‎ ‎48．weigh 熟词：v. 称……重量，重达 生义：v. 考虑，斟酌，衡量；有分量；压下 ‎①You should weigh the matter seriously.‎ 你应该认真考虑这件事。‎ ‎②After weighing the advantages and disadvantages, they decided to give up the plan.‎ 权衡利弊之后，它们决定放弃这个计划。‎ ‎③The fruit weighed the branches down.‎ 果子压得树枝下垂。‎ ‎④His words weighed heavily with me.‎ 他的话对我很有分量。‎ ‎49．when 熟词：conj. 当……时候 生义：conj. 虽然，尽管；在……情况下；这时(突然)‎ ‎①She stopped short when she ought to have continued.‎ 尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。‎ ‎②Why use wood when you can use plastic?‎ 在可以用塑料的情况下， 为什么还要用木料？‎ ‎③He was walking along the street when he caught sight of one of his friends.‎ 他正沿着街道行走，这时突然看到了一个朋友。‎ ‎50．work 熟词：n.& vi. 工作 生义：n. 著作，作品　vi. (方法、药物等)起作用，奏效 ‎①This is Rembrandt's greatest work.‎ 这是伦勃朗最伟大的作品。‎ ‎②The machine doesn't work.‎ 机器不运行了。‎ ‎③The solution he suggested failed to work.‎ 他提出的解决办法没有奏效。‎