2019版一轮复习英语外研版必修一Module6TheInternetandTelecommunications 30页

‎2019版一轮复习英语外研版必修一Module6The Internet and Telecommunications单元学案 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．keyword n．　 密码；口令　　　 2．log vt.　　　 　记录；登录 ‎3．software n. 软件 4．data n. (复)数据 ‎5．network n. 网络 6．percentage n. 百分数；百分率 ‎7．document n. 文件 8．military adj. 军事的；军队的 ‎9．fantastic adj. 极好的；美妙的 10．essay n. 文章 ‎11．statistics n. (复)统计数字 12．sideways adv. 横着地；斜着地 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．contain vt. 包含；包括 2．crash vi. (计算机)崩溃 ‎3．breakdown n. 故障 4．source n. 来源；出处 ‎5．design vt. 设计 6．definite adj. 明确的 ‎7．pass vt. 超过 8．average adj. 平均的 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.access n．接近；通路→accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的 ‎　2.defence n．保护；防卫→defend vt.防护；防卫 ‎*3.create vt.创造；发明→creation n．创造(力)→creative adj.有创造力的 ‎*4.invention n．发明→invent vt.发明→inventor n．发明者；发明家 ‎*5.permission n．许可→permit vt.允许；许可 n．许可证 ‎*6.concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentration n．集中；专心 ‎　7.independent adj.独立的→independently adv.独立地→independence n．独立→depend v．依靠 ‎　8.frequently adv.时常；经常→frequent adj.时常的；频繁的→frequency n．频率；发生率　‎ ‎　9.disadvantage n．弊端；缺点→(反义词)advantage n．优点；长处 ‎　10.shorten vt.缩短→short adj.短的；缺乏的 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village, so it is not accessible to the outside now.(access)‎ ‎2．It's believed that hard work can create wealth but the creation of wealth also needs creative quality.(create)‎ ‎3．Mr Smith, an inventor,_has invented many useful things and has made much money from his inventions.(invent)‎ ‎4．His father wouldn't permit him to drive there even if he had got his driving permit. Without his father's permission,_he had no choice but to go there by bus or on a bike.(permit)‎ ‎5．Concentration is important for this kind of work, and only by ‎ concentrating on it can you get it done well.(concentrate)‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．breakthrough /'breIkθruː/ n．　　突破 ‎2．convenience /kən'viːnIəns/ n. 方便；便利 ‎3．function /'fʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. 功能；作用 ‎4．command /kə'mɑːnd/ n. 命令；指令 ‎5．operate /'ɒpəreIt/ v. 操作 ‎6．drawback /'drɔːbæk/ n. 弊端；不利条件 ‎7．guarantee /gær(ə)n'tiː/ n．& vt. 保证；担保 ‎8．technology /tek'nɒlədʒI/ n. 技术 ‎9．system /'sIstəm/ n. 系统；体系 ‎10．network /'netwɜːk/ n. 网络 ‎11．insert /In'sɜːt/ vt. 插入 ‎12．delete /dI'liːt/ vt. 删除 ‎ ‎13．blog /blɒɡ/ n. & v. 博客；写博客 ‎14．download /daʊn'ləʊd/ vt. 下载 ‎15．calculate /'kælkjʊleIt/ v. 计算；核算；推测 ‎16．platform /'plætfɔːm/ n. 平台 ‎17．email /'iːmeIl/ n. 电子邮件 ‎18．replace /rI'pleIs/ vt. 替代；取代 ‎19．communicate /kə'mjuːnIkeIt/ v. 通信；传达 ‎20．surf /sɜːf/ v. 上网；冲浪 ‎21．address /ə'dres/ n. 地址 ‎22．process /'prəʊses/ vt. 加工；处理 ‎23．file /faIl/ n. 文件 ‎24．artificial /ɑːtI'fIʃ(ə)l/ adj. 人工的；人造的 ‎25．automatic /ɔːtə'mætIk/ adj. 自动的 ‎26．digital /'dIdʒIt(ə)l/ adj. 数字的；数码的 ‎27．intelligent /In'telIdʒ(ə)nt/ adj. 智能的 ‎28．electronic /Iˌlek'trɒnIk/ adj. 电子的 ‎29．instant /'Inst(ə)nt/ adj. 立即的；即时的 ‎30．worldwide /'wɜːl(d)waId/ adj. 世界范围的 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎　1.log_on/off　　　　　　　　　登录/注销 ‎*2.consist_of 由……组成 ‎*3.as_well 也 ‎　4.become_known_as_... 作为……而出名；被称为……；叫作……‎ ‎　5.go_down 下降 ‎*6.come_up_with 提出 ‎*7.from_that_moment_on 从那时起 ‎　8.concentrate_on 聚精会神；集中思想 ‎*9.compared_with 与……相比 ‎　10.a_series_of 一系列的 ‎　11.point_out 指出 ‎　12.agree_with 同意(某人)‎ ‎(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．All you had to do was think a little harder and come_up_with a new solution.‎ ‎2．From_that_moment_on,_I formed the habit of washing hands as soon as I entered the house.‎ ‎3．It is said that success consists_of three important factors: talent, diligence and luck.‎ ‎4．On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as_well,_which is both timesaving and economical.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)‎ ‎5．Already this year, 115 measles (麻疹) cases have been reported in the USA, compared_with 189 for all of last year.(2017·北京高考)‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．surf the Internet　　　 　上网冲浪 ‎2．modern technology 现代科技 ‎3．hightech products 高科技产品 ‎4．portable computer 便携式电脑 ‎5．electronic books 电子读物 ‎6．text message 手机短信 ‎7．shop on the Internet 网购 ‎8．with the development of 随着……的发展 ‎9．benefit from 从……中获益 ‎10．be in the lead 领先 ‎11．be used for 被用来……‎ ‎12．make full use of 充分利用 ‎13．by this means 以这种方式 ‎14．make a new discovery 有新发现 ‎15．keep up with 跟上 ‎16．make wonders 创造奇迹 ‎17．come true 实现 ‎18．be addicted to 沉迷于……‎ ‎19．distract one's attention 分散某人的注意力 ‎20．have a negative effect 有负面影响 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do sth.‎ ‎[例句]　BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. ‎ ‎[仿写]　课外活动让我们丰富知识、增强体质成为可能。‎ Afterclass activities ‎ make_it_possible_for_us_to_enrich_our_knowledge and build up our body.‎ ‎2．not ... everyone表示部分否定 ‎[例句]　Our English teacher is excellent, but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes. ‎ ‎[仿写]　我们没有足够的书给每一个人，你们中有些人将不得不共用。 ‎ We don't_have_enough_books_for_everyone;_some of you will have to share.‎ ‎3．与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟语气 ‎[例句]　It would be much better if we spent the time working on a computer.‎ ‎[仿写]　要是我知道他的微信号码，就可以联络到他了。‎ If I knew his WeChat number, I could_make_contact_with_him.‎ ‎4．Why not do ...?‎ ‎[例句]　I'm home now, why not give me a call?‎ ‎[仿写]　为什么不来参观中国剪纸艺术展呢？(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ Why_not_come_and_take_part_in the Chinese papercutting art exhibition？,[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．With the development of the Internet, many individuals favour online shopping because it is more convenient and can save time.‎ 随着互联网的发展，很多人喜欢网上购物，因为它更方便而且能节省时间。‎ ‎2．Computers have replaced humans in many areas of our life, making our work much easier and more efficient.‎ 在很多领域电脑已经代替了人类，使得我们的工作更容易、更高效。‎ ‎3．Microblog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure, thus making it more and more popular with high school students.‎ 微博能给我们提供一个展示我们的天赋、释放压力的平台，因此使它越来越受中学生的欢迎。‎ ‎4．There is no doubt that the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information.‎ 毫无疑问，互联网使交流更简单了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Nowadays more and more children have access to the Internet. Surfing online has both advantages and disadvantages.‎ The Internet is a good information source. Children can get to know the world outside and read essays on it as well. They can even do their homework via the Internet.‎ However, it also has disadvantages. There are too many games designed for children. Some children play games so frequently that they can't concentrate on their studies. Some even log on some websites containing unhealthy news and pictures. ‎ Every coin has two sides. What matters much is how you make use of it.‎ 当今越来越多的孩子使用互联网。上网既有优势又有弊端。‎ 互联网是一个好的信息来源。孩子们可以了解外面的世界也 可以在上面读文章，他们甚至可以借助网络途径做作业。‎ 然而它也有不利之处。网上有太多为孩子们设计的游戏。有些孩子经常玩游戏以至于他们无法把精力集中到学习上。一些孩子甚至登录一些包含不健康信息或图片的网站。‎ 任何事物都有两面性，重要的是你如何利用它。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．access n．接近；通路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利vt.进入；使用；存取(计算机文件)‎ ‎[教材原句]　The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.‎ 万维网是一个电脑网络，它能使电脑用户通过互联网从数百万的网站上获取信息。‎ ‎(1)access to ...　　　 接近……的机会；进入……的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to ... 得以接近/会见/进入/使用……‎ ‎(2)accessible adj. 可进入的；可使用的；可接近的 be accessible to ... 可进入……；可使用……‎ ‎①People have better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.(2017·北京高考单选)‎ 人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。‎ ‎②All the sites are free to the public and accessible (access) to anyone with an Internet connection.‎ 所有这些网站都是免费向公众开放的，通过互联网，任何人都可登陆。‎ ‎③We need a better way to_access (access) information.‎ 我们需要一种更好的方式来存取信息。‎ ‎2．design vt.设计；构思；计划n.设计；图案 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　He designed the first “web browser”， which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.‎ 他设计了第一个“网络浏览器”，允许计算机用户使用其他电脑的文件。‎ ‎(1)design ... for ...　　　　　 为……而设计……‎ be designed for/to do ... 目的是……‎ be designed as 被设置为……‎ ‎(2)by design 蓄意地；故意地 ‎①They pump out perfumes designed to_attract (attract) different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 它们散发出香味其目的是吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。‎ ‎②She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by_design.‎ 她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不能肯定这是出于偶然还是有意安排。‎ ‎3．concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)‎ ‎[高考佳句]　She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 她拒绝了几次演出邀请目的是集中精力学习。‎ ‎(1)concentrate ...on/upon (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 把……专注于(做)某事 concentrate on/upon ... 专注于……‎ ‎(2)concentration n. 专心；集中 ‎①Secondly, concentrate yourself on/upon some positive and relaxing things.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)‎ 第二，把精力集中到一些积极的、令人放松的事情上。‎ ‎②There is a great need for greater concentration (concentrate) on environmental issues.‎ 非常有必要更加关注环境问题。‎ ‎4．average adj.平均的；一般的；通常的；平常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v. 平均为；计算出……的平均数 ‎[教材原句]　The average time the Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week.‎ 中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。‎ an average of　　　　　　　　 平均有 with the/an average of 平均为 on (the/an) average 平均地；在一般情况下 ‎ above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均数 ‎①An_average_of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it ‎ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2014·浙江高考单选)‎ 去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。‎ ‎②It's a small shop, with_an_average_of about 500 customers a week.‎ 这是一家小店，每周平均约有500名顾客。‎ ‎③On_average,_how much time do you spend on sports activities each week? ‎ 你平均每星期花多少时间做运动？‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.‎ ‎2．Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. ‎ ‎3．Once you leave college, you should be independent of your parents and make money of your own.‎ ‎4．The organisation is designed to_help (help) people who wish to teach abroad.‎ ‎5．Be especially careful of information contained (contain) in advertisements.‎ ‎6．As a senior high student, I think you should concentrate your attention on/upon your skills of learning.‎ ‎7．They were taken to the police station as they had entered the area without permission/being_permitted (permit)．‎ ‎8．The war has ended but the government spending on defence ‎ (defend) is still increasing.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I received a letter contained some important information about the project. contained→containing ‎2．The book, designing for young adults, turned out to be popular with the elderly. designing→designed ‎3．The dog may be a good companion for the old. However, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantages.disadvantages→disadvantage ‎4．Production in the factory stopped because of frequently power failures. frequently→frequent ‎5．With his attention concentrating on a book, he didn't notice me come in. concentrating→concentrated Ⅲ.单句写作(句型转换)‎ ‎1．Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children couldn't get education.‎ ‎→Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had_no_access_to education.‎ ‎2．On average, the production of cotton increased at 6 percent a year.‎ ‎→The production of cotton increased with_the/an_average_of 6 percent a year.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．consist of由……组成；由……构成 ‎[教材原句]　It consists of millions of pages of data.‎ 它由几百万页的数据组成。‎ ‎(1)consist in　　　　　 在于；存在于 consist with 与……一致/相吻合 由……组成 ‎①Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting (consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering.(2015·浙江高考单选)‎ 聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。‎ ‎②Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ 成功存在于经历失败而继续努力的能力中。‎ ‎[名师指津]　consist of一般不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态；其非谓语动词应用现在分词形式。‎ ‎2．come up with提出；找到(答案、想法等)；想出；赶上 ‎[教材原句]　He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland. ‎ ‎1989年，当他在瑞士工作时，他提出了(创建)万维网的想法。‎ come up　　　 走近；上来；被提出，被提及(无被动形式)‎ come about　　　 　 发生；产生 come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come out 出来；出版 come to 来到(某地)；加起来总共；恢复知觉 When it comes to ...　 当涉及/谈到……‎ ‎①When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I ‎ hadn't seen for years.(2016·天津高考单选)‎ 沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。‎ ‎②Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when_it_comes_to English. (2015·四川高考满分作文)‎ 当谈到英语时，听和说是我的弱项之所在。‎ ‎3．BernersLee made_it_possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. ‎ 贝尔纳斯·李使每个人都能使用互联网成为可能，而不仅仅限于大学和军队。‎ 该句型为“make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.”结构， 其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是for sb. to do sth.。‎ ‎(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：‎ ‎(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等 ‎①To make it easier to_get (get) in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand. (2016·北京高考单选)‎ 为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。‎ ‎②Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. (2014·山东高考单选)‎ 苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。‎ ‎③I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.‎ 我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.consist of(单句语法填空/一句多译)‎ ‎1．Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrows while happiness and sorrows consist in struggle.‎ ‎2．The politician's actions don't consist with the promises in his speech.‎ ‎3．A team, consisting (consist) of two doctors and three policemen, was sent to search for the lost explorers.‎ ‎4．我们班由21名男生和20名女生组成。‎ ‎①Our class consists_of twentyone boys and twenty girls. (consist)‎ ‎②Our class is_made_up_of twentyone boys and twenty girls.(make) ‎ ‎③Our class is_composed_of twentyone boys and twenty girls.(compose)‎ Ⅱ.come短语或句式填空 ‎1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)Our class came_up_with the idea to make better use of used materials.‎ ‎2．So when we come_across words we don't understand, it can help us find out their meanings.‎ ‎3．When_it_comes_to a choice, I prefer to go travelling rather than stay at home in summer holiday.‎ ‎4．How did it come_about that you were late for half an hour in such a short trip?‎ ‎5．The question when and where to start the promotion is bound to come_up at the meeting.‎ Ⅲ.it作形式宾语(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．He makes it a rule to_take (take) part in some physical labor though he is old.‎ ‎2．We think it no good reading (read) in bed.‎ ‎3．We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.‎ ‎4．We must made it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.‎ ‎5．His being late made it impossible for the meeting to_be_held (hold) on time. ‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 average， design， contain， concentrate， have access to， be known as， consist of， as well， compared with ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们学校作为一所规范化学校而闻名。‎ Our school is_known_as a standardized high school.‎ ‎②在我们学校，每个班平均由50名学生组成。‎ In our school, every class consists_of 50 students on average.‎ ‎③我们学校的阅览室设计容纳200名学生。‎ The reading room of our school is designed to contain 200 students.‎ ‎④在阅览室，我们可以专心阅读，也可以使用互联网。‎ In the reading room we can concentrate our attention on reading and have_access_to the Internet as_well.‎ ‎⑤与书本相比，互联网使我们获取知识更加容易了。‎ Compared_with books, we get knowledge more easily through the Internet.　‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用where引导的非限制性定语从句连接句③和句④‎ The_reading_room_of_our_school_is_designed_to_contain_200_students,_where_we_can_concentrate_our_attention_on_reading_and_have_access_to_the_Internet_as_well.‎ ‎(2)用“it作形式宾语”结构改写句⑤‎ Compared_with_books,_the_Internet_makes_it_easier_for_us_to_get_knowledge.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 Our_school_is_known_as_a_standardized_high_school._In_our_school,_every_class_consists_of_50_students_on_average._The_reading_room_of_our_school_is_designed_to_contain_200_students,_where_we_can_concentrate_our_attention_on_reading_and_have_access_to_the_Internet_as_well._Compared_with_books,_the_Internet_makes_it_easier_for_us_to_get_knowledge.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——while引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语作状语]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 BernersLee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television！‎ while引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语作方式状语。‎ 当时我们俩正盯着看我相信是最酷的东西，她轻轻地抚摸着我的背部说：“‎ 你知道，如果你存钱的话自己就能买。”‎ 真题长难句 ‎“You know，” she said, gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believed was the coolest thing ever, “If you while引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎ save up you could buy this yourself.”(2016·浙江高考阅读理解D)‎ ‎“互联网与电子通讯”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一——“科普知识与现代技术”中的一个子话题，也是高考热点话题。科学技术的发展正在影响着你我的生活，我们拿出智能手机，连上WiFi，打开购物App一键购物，打开聊天App与好友聊天，打开题库App，做做各学科的练习题，打开英语学习App，练练听力。累了，有游戏App、音乐App……这些都是科学技术对人们生活的贡献。回顾历年高考试题，有关此话题的题目很多，在阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达等题型中均可觅其踪迹，在阅读题型中多以说明文出现。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·北京高考阅读D)‎ ‎[1]Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”‎ ‎[2]A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.‎ ‎[3]The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ ‎[4]Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off ” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that ‎ possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroninduced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.‎ ‎1．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.‎ A．run out of human control B．satisfy human's real desires C．command armies of killer robots D．work faster than a mathematician ‎2．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.‎ A．prevent themselves from being destroyed B．achieve their original goals independently C．do anything successfully with given orders D．beat humans in international chess matches ‎3．According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.‎ A．help super intelligent machines work better B．be secure against evil human beings C．keep machines from being harmed D．avoid robots' affecting the world ‎4．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?‎ A．It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B．It will get worse with human interference.‎ C．It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ D．It will stay for a decade.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 人工智能有可能摆脱人类的控制 人们的担忧 总分 模 式 第2段 第2段画波浪线部分 智能机器有阻止自己被摧毁的本性 分析原因 第3段 第3段画波浪线部分 防火墙防止机器人影响世界是不太可能的 行文发展 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 解决人工智能的安全问题困难重重，人们对此持有不同观点 得出结论 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　‎ 为了实现我们的目标，如果我们使用一种机器而我们不能有效地干预它的运行，那么最好要确定输入机器的指令是否是我们真正想要的。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎1．推理判断题。选A　根据第一段中的“The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。选A　根据第二段中的“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.”可知，智能机器人可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。‎ ‎3．细节理解题。选D　根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知，有些研究者认为可用防火墙让机器人回答难题，但不允许机器人影响真实世界。‎ ‎4．观点态度题。选C　根据第四段中的“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法3]　利用but/however巧解阅读理解题 通过研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们发现but和however重现率较高，几乎每年高考阅读理解都有一些题目的答案与这两个词有关，我们应高度重视but和however，特别是其后的内容。表示转折的but和however有很强的意义强调功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者态度、猜测人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。‎ but和however在文中通常有以下几种作用：‎ ‎1．引出作者观点，反驳but前面的观点(普遍观点)。‎ ‎2．通过对比引出相反或相对的信息。‎ ‎3．表明作者态度或提出作者的建议。‎ 例如上文第4题，本题为观点态度题。根据第四段中的第一句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。C项所述正确。本题就是通过but一词引出了作者的观点。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．extremely adv.　　　　　极端地；非常；很 ‎2．mathematician n. 数学家 ‎3．interfere v. 干预；干涉 ‎4．preserve v. 保护；维护 ‎5．logical adj. 符合逻辑的；逻辑(上)的 ‎6．coexist v. 同时共存；和平共处 ‎7．relate to 涉及；同……有……关系 ‎8．other than 除了；不同；不同于 ‎9．conflict with 冲突；与……抵触 ‎10．let alone 更不用说 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2009·江苏高考)‎ 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。‎ 鼠标的必要性 对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……‎ 鼠标的便捷性 点击、移动、插入、拷贝、删除……‎ 编辑文本，搜索信息……‎ 收发邮件，选购商品……‎ 点播音乐，下载电影……‎ 如果过分依赖鼠标……(请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点)‎ 注意：1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。‎ ‎2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。‎ ‎3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。‎ The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．不可能的　　　　　　　impossible ‎ ‎2．操作；控制 operate ‎ ‎3．方便的 convenient ‎ ‎4．上网冲浪 surf_the_Internet ‎ ‎5．点击 click ‎6．插入 insert ‎ ‎7．拷贝 copy ‎8．删除 delete ‎ ‎9．下载 download ‎10．许多；大量的 a_flood_of/a_large__quantity_of 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．对于大部分人来说，操作电脑没有鼠标几乎是不可能的。‎ For most people, it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer without a mouse.‎ ‎2．它不仅能够使我们通过互联网来收发电子邮件、网上购物还能够使我们方便地下载我们想要的东西。‎ It not_only_enables_us_to send and receive emails and do shopping through the Internet, but_it_can_also_help_us_easily_download_what_we_want.‎ ‎3．一个方便的工具肯定能够使我们的工作变得更简单。‎ A convenient tool can certainly make_our_work_easier.‎ ‎4．它不总是以积极的方式帮助(我们)。‎ It_doesn't_always_help in a positive way.‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．使用倒装句改写句2‎ Not_only_does_it_enable_us_to_send_and_receive_emails_and_do_shopping_through_the_Internet,_but_it_can_also_help_us_easily_download_what_we_want.‎ ‎2．使用并列连词but连接句3和句4‎ A_convenient_tool_can_certainly_make_our_work_easier,_but_it_doesn't_always_help_in_a_positive_way.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.‎ For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.A_wellchosen_mouse_is_really_handy,_flexible_and_convenient_in_controlling_the_screen.With_the_functions_of_inserting,_deleting,_moving_and_copying,_not_only_does_it_enable_us_to_edit_text,_browse_web_pages,_send_and_receive_emails_and_do_shopping_through_the_Internet,_but_it_can_also_help_us_easily_download_what_we_want._It_can_even_bring_us_a_flood_of_music,_movies_and_PC_games.Just_imagine,_all_this_can_be_done_with_a_cute_mouse.‎ A_convenient_tool_can_certainly_make_our_work_easier,_but_it_doesn't_always_help_in_a_positive_way._Too_much_ready_information_on_our_fingertips_leaves_little_room_for_knowledge_pursuing.Relying_too_much_on_mouse_clicking_makes_us_lazier_and_less_creative_both_mentally_and_physically.‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 There once lived a wealthy businessman who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out __1__ or not they deserved to get his help. So he placed a very large stone in the center of the main road into town. Then he __2__ (hide) behind a tree, waiting to see what would happen.‎ Soon an old man came along with his cow, __3__ instead of moving the stone away, he passed around it and continued on his way. Another man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone in the center of ‎ the road, but __4__ of them tried to move it away.‎ Late in the afternoon, a young man came along. __5__ (see) the stone, he said, “It will be very dark at night. One will get __6__ (serious) injured if he or she falls against the stone.”‎ With all his __7__ (strong), the young man pushed the stone to one side. Imagine his surprise __8__ he found a bag full of money. Inside the bag was a note, on which __9__ (write) these words: “This money is the __10__ thoughtful person who takes this stone away from the road. Thank you.”‎ 语篇解读：富翁想为自己家乡的人做点事，但他想知道他们是否值得他的帮助。于是他在路中央放了一块大石头，后来一个年轻人把石头搬到了一边，获得了富翁压在石头下的钱。‎ ‎1．whether　“Whether or not they deserved to get his help”是宾语从句，其中“whether or not”是习惯搭配。‎ ‎2．hid　这里说的是过去的情况，用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．but　前后两个分句之间意义上存在转折关系，用but连接。‎ ‎4．none　表示“(多者之间)一个都不”用none。‎ ‎5．Seeing　“Seeing the stone”是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作see与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系。‎ ‎6．seriously　空格中所填单词在句中修饰“get injured”，需用serious的副词形式。‎ ‎7．strength　空格中所填单词在句中作介词with的宾语，用strong的名词形式strength。‎ ‎8．when　when此处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎9．were written　定语从句中的主语是“these words”，为复数，且事情发生在过去，故用were written表示被动，意为“……‎ 被写在上面”。‎ ‎10．for　for此处表示“给；为”，符合语境。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I borrow a book from the library the other day and took the book home. One evening, have finished supper, I went back to my room and started to read the book I had borrowed. I was so absorbing that I knocked the coffee cup over by accident, pouring the coffee onto book. Wet through and coloured brown, the book turned out to being a mess. Of course, I couldn't return the dirty book or the loss should be covered. The next day, I went to a bookstore, when I finally found the same copies of the book and bought ones. When I returned the new book and explained for the reason, the librarian accepted the book and praised me for my honesty and responsible.‎ 答案：第一句：borrow→borrowed 第二句：have→having 第三句：absorbing→absorbed; book前加the 第四句：being→be 第五句：or→and 第六句：when→where; ones→one 第七句：去掉for; responsible→responsibility Ⅲ.书面表达 假定你是李华，你所在的城市要修建一个文化广场。考虑到残疾人的需要，请你根据以下提示用英语给负责该项目的英国设计师Mr Smith写一封建议信。要点如下：‎ ‎1．台阶一侧应设坡道，方便轮椅通行；‎ ‎2．广场内设盲道，方便盲人通行；‎ ‎3．应设计残疾人专用卫生间。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：台阶step　坡道slope Dear Mr Smith，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Li Hua 参考范文：‎ Dear Mr Smith，‎ I have heard that a cultural square is to be built in our city. Considering the needs of disabled people, I would like to make some suggestions.‎ First of all, a slope should be built beside the steps for the convenience of disabled people in wheelchairs. Second, it is necessary to design sidewalks for the blind in the square. Last but not least, it would be handy to provide disabled people with special toilets. If things in the square are designed with good access for disabled people, I am sure many people will be pleased to go there.‎ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Li Hua