专题16 书面表达-备战2021年高考英语之纠错笔记系列（原卷版） 31页

易错点 1 审题不细，偏离主题 1.（2018·新课标卷 I）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问 有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1．到达时间； 2．合适的礼物； 3．餐桌礼仪。 注意： 1．词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【错因分析】本文虽然看起来比较容易，但学生真正动起笔来，还是比较困惑的。原因为：1.看起来中国餐 桌礼仪很熟悉，但内容很多，一时间不知道该写什么；2.100 单词左右，写出到达时间；合适的礼物；餐桌 礼仪三个内容，信息量大，选择有困难。 【写作指导】本文是一篇书信类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。成文时注意以下几点： 一、内容要点要齐全 1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将来时； 三、人称：二、三人称。四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、适当使用 一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅。 【参考范文】 Dear Terry, How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice. Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice. If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Yours Li Hua 2. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在＂传统文化进校园＂活动中， 向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以＂A Day with a Craftsman＂为题，给校刊＂英语角＂写一篇英文稿件。 注意： 词数不少于 60。 提示词： 一个面团 a piece of dough 面人 dough figurine （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【错因分析】对于看图作文，考生会由于审题不清，往往纠缠于某幅图中的某个细节而偏离文章的主题。 【试题解析】这是一幅图画作文。四幅图向我们展示了一个完整的小故事，应按照事情的发展的时间顺序 结合每幅图的要点进行写作。 本题考查的细节是手工艺人教大家如何去做这个东西，学生认真聆听，是教与学。第二幅图最重要的 点就是学生能不能找到学生认真聆听这个环节，因为老师教一定能看得出来，但是学生能不能写到学生在 听，这应该是一个得分点。第三幅图是一个指导。所以，重点在于一对一这样对应的指导关系。最后一幅 图是我们在上课的时候会重点讲照相，大家很欢乐，做成一个作品。 所以，除了四幅图的要点之外，重点 在于一对一这样对应的指导关系。所以写好这样的作文一定要抓住细节，才能得分。还需要注意时态，词 汇不要拼写错误，多用复合句式才能体现出亮点。考生切忌在文章开篇犯低级的语法错误，尤其注意时态、 单复数及冠词的正确使用。相比于实用性强的应用文来说，情景作文可以在保证要点齐全的前提下适当增 加长难句的使用，如对非谓语、三大从句及连词进行灵活运用。关注句式的多样性及用词的准确性对取得 该板块的高分会有更大的保障。本文可分三段来写： 第一段简单介绍故事发生的背景信息； 第二段描述图画的内容； 第三段对全文进行总结。 【参考范文】 Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited. We hope we can have more activities of this kind! 1.假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友 Tom 约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故 不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件： 1. 表示歉意； 2. 解释原因； 3. 另约时间。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】这是一篇应用文，要求写一封道歉信。写作要求只给出了大体的框架，因此具有很大的开放 性。道歉信主要是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方谅解自己的过失。写道歉信时要明确不是找借口为自己辩 护，而是承认自己的过错并提出弥补过错的具体建议和方法。此类信件的关键是用词准确，表达真诚。在 写作时可以根据提示的要求按照三段式的模式布局谋篇。 首段：重述自己做错的事，表示歉意。 主体段：说明道歉的具体原因，应尽量详细描述做错事的经过。写信时应该注意在申述理由时要照顾 读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。 结尾段：再次表明承认错误的态度，请求收信人的谅解。也可以提出补救的办法。 【参考范文】 Dear Peter, Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gm.school.com. Hope to hear from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 2. 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊＂英语园地＂写一篇 短文，记述你和朋友上周日去北京奥林匹克森林公园（Beijing Olympic Forest Park）游玩时发生的一件事。 词数不少于 60。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】 本题考查看图作文。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊＂英语园地＂写一篇短文，记述你和朋友 上周日去北京奥林匹克森林公园（Beijing Olympic Forest Park）游玩时发生的一件事。认真读图，把握中心。 多幅图常为记叙文，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。写作时根据图片顺序讲述故事，注意上下文意思 连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。写作时尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用 高级词汇和高级句型为文章润色。 【参考范文】 Last Sunday, I went to Beijing Olympic Forest Park with my friend Chris. As soon as we got there, we were so attracted by the breathtaking scenery that we couldn’t help taking many photos to record the beautiful moments. As we walked on, we noticed a kite hanging up on a branch, but its owner, a little boy, was too short to get it down. The boy looked worried and we decided to help him. Unluckily, the kite was also beyond our reach. Then we looked around and found a stick, with which we got the kite down. We gave the kite back to the boy. He was very delighted and thanked us for what we did. We also felt very happy and it made our outing more enjoyable. 易错点 2 条理不清，内容混乱 请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。 If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say? 要求： （1）作出回答并说出理由； （2）词数不少于 60； ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【错因分析】 本文属于开放性比较强的写作。对考生英语运用能力的要求较高。考生看到此材料时，不能 清楚地理解所给出的英文句子的真实含义和言外之意，往往不知如何下笔，没有自己的明确看法，从而导 致文章内容极度混乱，条理不清。 【试题解析】 本文属于考查开放性作文写作，给考生自由发挥的余地较大。对于考生的综合能力要求较 高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。在完成开放性作文时，首先要选择自己熟悉的 短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要 选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。 【参考范文】 Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals. As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. Compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. If only I could go back and reset my goals. 写作时要注意文章的人称，同时要紧扣要求中的第一点，即＂做出回答并说明理由＂。所以回答要明确， 理由要鲜明。在保证语言规范的情况下，尽可能地使用高级词汇和特殊句式，并注意长短句的有机结合， 使文章表达多样化。 如何理解＂成功＂，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写篇短 文。 ＂Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.＂ —Sir Winston Churchill 内容要求： 1. 你对该引语的理解； 2. 你的相关经历； 3. 恰当的结尾。 注意： 1. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息； 3. 词数：120 左右。 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】 如何理解＂成功＂，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语( quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇 短文。这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。考生成文时应注意： 1. 结构上：采用三段成文，第一段引出话题，自己对于该引语的理解；第二段写出自己的相关经历；第三 段恰当地结尾。 2. 时态：自己的相关经历用一般过去时； 3. 人称：第一人称； 4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。 5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。 【参考范文】 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failures. Rather， we should keep trying with enthusiasm. Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. At the age of twelve，I got a nice bike as a birthday gift. So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it. However，it was harder than expected. The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. Worse still，I took many falls off the bike.I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. With more practice，I did better and better. Looking back，I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart. Actually，we can't succeed in everything we try. What's important is that we should stick at it. 易错点 3 母语干扰，语法错误 最近你校学生会组织学生开展了一次题目为＂What is the beauty standard＂的讨论活动。假如你是学生会 主席，请根据下表学生讨论的结果写一份总结材料，并谈谈你的看法。 学生观点 理由 好脸蛋就是一封介绍信 在社交、竞争、求职等方面作用大 漂亮不能当饭吃 追求外在美而放弃内在美不是真正的美 注意： 1.词数 100 左右，标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：求职介绍信—recommendation What is the beauty standard? What does beauty really mean? Everybody has his own definition. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【错因分析】 在这篇作文的写作中，考生可能会根据写作的要点提示汉语思维方式直接翻译，这样就造成 写作上的失误。产生 Chinglish 的直接原因是把英语写作视为机械的 word-for-word translation 的过程，生搬 硬套，久而久之，便不会在特定的上下文中正确遣词造句。比如，针对提示中的＂好脸蛋＂＂社交＂＂外 在美＂等词汇，考生就很难准确地表达出来。同时有些考生把＂漂亮不能当饭吃＂翻译为＂Beautiful can’t as a meal to eat＂. 【参考答案】 Some students think that a good face is a letter of recommendation. Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication, competition, finding jobs and so on. Not only can it help you become more confident, but also it helps you be impressed. Physical beauty is likely to draw much attention. Others, however, hold the idea that good appearance will buy no beef. Inner beauty is more important. A beautiful person is not the one with good looks, but the one with a broad and kind heart. In my opinion, the standard of beauty changes with societies, cultures and nations. Some hold the point that good appearance is of great importance, which is visible to all. Others have the idea that inner beauty is the loveliest one, which lasts long. However different they might be, their opinions are all acceptable. 对于此类错误，考生要清楚：扎实的语言基础知识是好的书面表达高分的必要条件。平时要注意积累词 汇，尤其是《考试大纲》中要求考生掌握的词汇。同时要注意灵活运用所学语法知识，尤其是英语中一些 句型和结构，要注意辨析其与汉语之间的差异，特别是要掌握五种简单的基本句子结构。 假设你是李华，你校广播站正在招收英文编辑，请你根据以下提示，向负责此事的外教 Mr. Mark 申请 这一职位。要点包括： 职位要求 1.有很强的英语表达能力； 2.关心时事。 个人优势 1.有做记者的经历，沟通能力强； 2.父亲是一位专职编辑,深受其影响； 3.…… 注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【写作指导】 本题要求用英文写份书面求职申请。应该注意以下几点：1.大方得体，不落俗套。应尽可能彰显个性， 能做到与众不同，方能抓住机会；2.言简意赅，引人入胜。求职信属于应用文，言辞要求正式、庄重、准确, 忌调侃、俏皮、花哨、夸夸其谈；3.充满自信，态度诚恳。自己首先得信心十足，但不能自吹自擂，满篇浮 夸，不能少了敬语、祝颂语。 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. Mark, I’m writing to apply to be an English editor of the broadcasting station of our school, which I am wild about all the time. I’m qualified for the position based on the following reasons. First, I meet your requirements for the position well. That is, I have a good command of English communication skills. Besides, I am concerned a lot about current affairs and take great interest in journalism. Second, I was a part-time reporter when I was in junior middle school, which developed my communication and interpersonal skills. In addition, my father is a professional editor, by whom I was deeply influenced from an early age and from whom I learned a lot. Therefore, I am eager to get the position and I really hope I will be given the honor to be one of you. Looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 易错点 4 逻辑混乱，表达不当 假定你是李华，你校英文报＂外国文化＂栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋 友彼得写信约稿，要点如下： 1. 栏目介绍； 2. 稿件内容； 3. 稿件长度：约 400 词汇； 4. 交稿日期：6 月 28 日前。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯的； 3. 开头语已为你写好。 【错因分析】 如何将几条简单的要点有逻辑地表达成一篇短文，对一些考生来说很难。前后顺序不知道如 何表达，从而导致逻辑混乱，表达不当。 【写作指导】 本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息要求给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，内容是美国节日风俗和中学生 生活。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：首先，简 单介绍校英文报栏目的情况。2、建议 Peter 介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活。3、稿件的要求及时间。写作 时根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。 4.注意使用高级词汇和句 式，以增加文章的亮点。 【参考范文】 Dear Peter， I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper. The ＂ Foreign Cultures ＂ section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cu ltures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals,and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28? I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua 假如你是李华。某国际学生杂志邀请你在＂国际交换生项目＂专栏中分享你作为国际交换生的经历。 请给该栏目编辑写封邮件，内容包括： 1.遭遇的困难； 2.问题的解决； 3.你的感想。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 Dear editor, Last year, I went to England for a student exchange programme._____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【写作指导】本书面表达要求写一封邮件，属半开放式作文。考生可依据题中提供的三个内容要点(遭遇的 困难，问题的解决，你的感想)依次行文。注意:因为要讲述过去的经历，因此要以一般过去时为主；此外， 半开放式作文要围绕话题及作文要求合理地发挥想象。写作时可能用到的表达： 1.交流方面的困难：It was hard for me to communicate with them.或者 I couldn’t make out what they were saying. 2.事情的好转：Things gradually got better.或者 With the help of the homestay family/my classmates, I... 3.当交换生的好处：Being an exchange student offers me a chance to...或者 Being an exchange student benefits me in that... 【参考范文】 Dear editor, Last year, I went to England for a student exchange programme. Before I went, I was quite proud of my English, but everyone in England spoke so fast that I couldn’t make out what they were saying. Being in a completely different culture was scaring and I even wanted to go straight back home. However, things soon got better and better. The homestay family was very kind, and, fortunately, the boy that I was staying with was keen on football, which made my stay more enjoyable and stress-free. Besides, I developed an interest in English cooking and I ate pasta and international food just as I do at home! Being an exchange student offers me a chance to improve my English and to learn about the foreign culture and people. The best part of all is knowing that I could cope, even in such a difficult situation. Yours, Li Hua 书面表达＂是历年高考英语的重头戏之一，它旨在考查学生的英语表达能力，即运用学过的英语知识 和掌握的技能，以书面语言形式进行思想交流的能力。如何写好书面表达除了要求基本功要扎实、平时多 背多练以外，还要注意以下八点： 一、注意审清题目要求 有的学生写作文没耐心，审题时只扫一眼题目，不细审就急于下笔，结果离题甚远。其实书面表达一般属 控制性写作，都提供文章的文体、人物的身份、事情发生的时间、地点、文章的主旨，这些都为写作提供 了依据。所以动笔之前，一定要花上几分钟，仔细审题，力求做到全面、准确地把握题目所提供的内容、 时间、人物、环境、地点、体裁等信息。 二、注意用合理的体裁、题材 写作前，首先要弄清文章的体裁，才能考虑用何种语言、语气。而且，恰当的体裁也无疑会给批阅者留下 好的印象。所以动笔之前，一定要审清文章的体裁和题材。一般说来，书面表达题材与现实生活息息相关。 如交友信、询问信、介绍人物、事情、场所、保护环境、爱护动物等，这些学生都比较熟悉。书面表达常 碰到的体裁有记叙文、说明文、应用文、记叙文、说明文多用书面语，而应用文多用口头语。各种体裁又 都有自己的格式。如：写信时，要求写信人的地址、时间写在信的右上角；英文便条无须写地址，但要写 明时间；口头通知无须注明通知的时间和地点，但开头要加称呼语和提示语，结束要加＂Thank you.＂。书 面通知要有明确的通知时间、通知人或单位。所有这些都要求学生平时牢记在心。 三、注意正确使用人称 根据评分标准，如果书面表达人称写错，全文要另外扣除７分，而每年期末考试各年级试卷统批中，总有 一批学生在这方面失分，委实令人惋惜。因此，写作之前，确立人称是审题必不可少的步骤之一。 四、注意掌握中心要点 要点是否写到、写全，是否遗漏内容是书面表达评分标准的一个重要标尺。所以审清了文章的主题、人称 以后，接着要考虑文章的内容要点了。如果题目给出了汉语提示和要求，则可仔细从中找出要点；如果是 图画、图表则要仔细观察，故事性的则按图画顺序去设计故事发展情节；介绍事、物的作文应注意图画中 的箭头、事物、场景及前后对比变化，同时注意图画以外的提示。然后将内容要点一一列出，再用合理的 词语、句型连词成句。 五、注意正确合理地使用词语与句型 句子结构的好坏直接影响意义的表达和文章的得分。所以，写作时，学生应尽量确保使用正确的词语与句 型。这就要求学生平时要多背多练，有扎实的基础。同时要让学生懂得，如果自己基础较差，则在写作时 尽量多用自己熟悉的句型。尽量回避自己不熟悉的单词、句型，用自己有把握的短语、句型，少追求文章 的华丽。因为评判一篇文章的好坏，错误的多少是一个重要依据。同时，为使文章主题突出，行文流畅， 写作结束后应仔细查看上下文逻辑关系与过渡词使用得是否恰当，尽可能地运用自己已掌握的一些高级词 汇、短语或从句，这对提高文章档次是至关重要的。这就要求学生平时注意掌握一些表示并列、递进、转 折、因果等的过渡词，如：and, but, however, yet, so, therefore, then, later, meanwhile, what's more 等。 六、注意使用正确的时态、语态 根据评分标准，书面表达时态用错全文要扣 5 分，所以正确使用动词的时态、语态是书面表达的重点。一 般说来，记叙文讲的是发生了的事情，应以过去时为主。通知是将要发生的事，以事实为主。说明文、议 论文阐明的是事实、论点、论据，以现在时为主。 七、注意正确使用标点符号 英语和汉语的标点符号在形式与使用上有所不同，而英语课本中又没有专门涉及其用法的知识，所以，很 多同学在英文写作中极易在标点符号的使用上犯错误。常见的标点错误有以下两方面：（１）不会用标点。 如一个复合句主从句间不该断句的地方断了句，两个简单句之间该断句却无标点；（２）错用标点。第一种， 错用顿号和省略号。第二种，错用冒号。汉语中直接引语前＂某某说＂之后一律用冒号，但英语中习惯用 逗号。第三种，错用书名号。英语中没有书名号＂《》＂，表示书的名称一般用引号。这样即使文章本身 没有或只有少量错误，内容也丰富，但仍然要被归入＂低档＂篇。因为它让人读起来非常吃力。并且，近 两年的高考评分标准中＂标点误用＂类错误被视为＂影响表达＂的错误。因此，要提升作文的档次，必须 规范标点的使用。 八、注意大小写 英语作文如果整篇文章全是小写或放在前面的主句或从句没大写首字母，后面的一句却大写了，这些势必 影响文章意义的正确表达，降低了文章的档次，给批阅者也会留下不好的印象。所以，写完文章后一定要 仔细审查一遍全文，看看大小写是否使用正确。平时在学习课文或练习中，也应注意大小写的正确使用。 高考书面表达高分秘笈 秘笈一：运用高级词汇，彰显强功句式。 高考英语书面表达对在选词和选句部分有较高的要求，尤其是对于想要得到高分的学生，在作文要使用 较高级词汇，借以突显作文亮点，展示自己作文特色，同时也是提升作文档次的重要方面。因此针对历年 高考书面表达的高频话题考点，给同学们总结了几个重要的话题词汇，希望能熟练掌握。 话题一：环境保护 Pollution, protect the environment, give off a bad smell, send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air, pour waste water into the river, cut down trees, throw litter, sandstorm, global warming, Greenhouse Effect, live in harmony with, take proper measures to, improve the environment, pose a great threat to, be endangered, die out, become extinct, species, be from bad to worse, spring up like mushrooms, flood into... 话题二：中学生的兴趣爱好 Spare time, hobby, entertainment, be interested in, have special favor to, be fond of, be keen on, have a taste in, read novels, surf the internet, chat online, collect stamps, doing sports, develop an interest in, play musical instrument... 话题三：友谊 Make friends with, friendship, friendly, trust each other, righteous, honesty, knowledgeable, standard, precious, be loyal to, keep in touch with, keep company with sb., have a lot in common, share happiness and bitterness with each other, treasure, good-tempered... A friend is a present which you give yourself. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 话题四：劳动、求职与就业 Offer service to, heart and soul, physical labor, mental labor, honorable, earn pocket money, part-time job, full-time job, steel one’s mind, enlarge one’s knowledge, get working experience, apply for, major in, graduate from, degree, scholarship, be skilled in, confident, experienced, perform well in school, leadership, communicative, cooperative, competitive, diligent... 话题五：校园文明与安全 School rules and regulations, obey, be neatly dressed, respect one’s teachers and parents, be on time, keep the environment clean, break the rules, spit, cheat in exam, get in line, punish sb for, it’s shameful to, library card, student ID, bicycle-permit, be absent from... 秘笈二：巧用插入语，点亮量分点。 在平时做题时，总会出现不少插入语，尤其在情景交际这部分出现的频率较高，每个插入语都会给整 个对话情景增添具体的语言氛围，从插入语中能够判断说话者的语气及态度，而且在写作中若能正确运用 这些插入语，会使你的文章表达更地道，从而能使你的文章增色不少。 1. what’s more 更重要的是；更何况；而且 You should go to see her, because she misses you, and what’s more, she needs your help. 你应该去看她，因为她 很想念你，更重要的是，她需要你的帮助。 He will surely help you, because he is your best friend, and what’s more, he is so kind. 他肯定会帮你，因为他是 你最好的朋友，更何况他的心地又是如此之好。 2. besides 更何况 You can pass the exam, because you study very hard, and besides, you are so clever. 你能通过这次考试，因为你 学习很认真，更何况你又很聪明。 3. what’s worse, to make the matter worse, worse still 更糟糕的是 You can’t play computer games too much, because it will do harm to your health. What’s worse, it will waste your time. 你不能过分玩电脑游戏，因为它会损害你的身体。更糟糕的是，它会浪费你的时间。 4. that is（to say）也就是说，即 He will come on National Day, that is （to say）, October 1st. 他国庆节，即十月一日来。 5. or rather 更确切地说 He arrived home late last night, or rather, early this morning. 他昨天深夜，更确切地说，今天一大早才回家。 6. in other words 换言之 You needn’t come to work tomorrow, in other words, you are out of work. 你明天不用来上班了，换言之，你 下岗了。 7. believe it or not 信不信由你 Believe it or not, he is more than one hundred years old. 信不信由你，他已经 100 多岁了。 8. generally speaking, generally, in general 一般说来 Generally speaking, boys are more active than girls. 一般说来，男孩比女孩更活跃。 9. altogether 总之 She is kind. She is diligent. She is considerate. Altogether she is a good girl. 她善良，她勤奋，她善解人意。总 之，她是一个好女孩。 10. in a word 总之 This book is very interesting. This book is very instructive. This book is very fashionable. In a word, this book is very good. 这本书很有趣，这本书有教育意义，这本书很时尚。总之，这本书很好。 11. similarly 同样 A machine needs fuel. Similarly, man needs food. 机器需要燃料，同样道理，人类需要营养。 12. worst of all 最糟糕的是 It was very dark, and I lost my way. Worst of all, it began to rain. 天很暗，我又迷了路，最糟糕的是，天又开始 下雨。 13. in fact, actually, in reality, as a matter of fact 实际上 She seems thirty-five, but in fact, she is only thirty. 她看起来有三十五岁，但实际上只有三十岁。 14. in turn 反过来 Theory begins with practice and in turn serves practice. 理论来源于实践又反过来为实践服务。 15. in return 做为报答 She gave me much help, and in return, I gave her some money. 她给我许多帮助，做为报答我给她一些钱。 16. above all 尤其重要的是，最为重要的是 You can’t waste anything, and above all, you can’t waste your time. 你不能浪费任何东西，尤其不能浪费时间。 17. after all 意思为＂毕竟，终究＂，放在句首时含有别忘了之意，用来表示听话人似乎忘记了某一个重要 环节而需要被加以提醒，放在句末时有与预料中的情况相反之意 Let her go alone; after all, she is eighteen, she is no longer a child. 让她一个人去吧，毕竟，她十八岁了，不再 是一个小孩了。 I thought he was sure to die that night, but he lived through after all. 我以为他活不过当晚，但他竟然活过来了。 18. in one’s opinion, in the opinion of sb. 以……之见 In my opinion, your plan is not considerate. 依我看，你的计划并不周全。 19. exactly 非常确切，确切地 —We should serve the people heart and soul. —Exactly. It is our duty to do so. —我们应该全心全意为人民服务。 —确切地说。这是我们的责任 20. as a result 结果 It rained very hard, and as a result, he couldn’t go out. 雨下得很大，结果他不能出去。 21. no wonder 难怪 —He started very early yesterday morning. —No wonder he got there ahead of time. —昨天早晨他出发得很早。 —难怪他提前赶到了那里。 所以，书面表达，在平时的训练中，考生就要注意归纳、总结(连接词、常见句式、创新观点、好词好句等 等)，经常背诵佳句美文。在考试中，则要注意审题、要点、框架、逻辑、标点、大小写等规范性操作，并 力求卷面整洁美观。 高考英语写作 20 套经典模板 一、求职信模板 Dear , I write this letter to apply for the position that you advertised in of .(信息来源) Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for .(表明自己可以胜任 某一职位)For one thing, .(胜任的理由一) For another, .(胜任的理由二) Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. Please contact me at any time at .(提供个人联系方式) Thank you for considering my application, and I’m looking forward to meeting you.(结束语，表达感谢和期 望) Yours sincerely, ________ 二、邀请信模板 Dear , (活动的内容、时间、地点) I’m writing to invite you to .(发出邀请) There are some points you may want to know about ./During ________, we will have lots of activities you are interested in.(活动的具体内容)First, .(活动介绍一)Second, .(活动介绍二) I believe that you will be very interested in . For one thing/First, ________. For another/Second, ________(受 邀人参加的理由) Since the ________ will begin ________, is it possible ________? I really hope you can come/I’m looking forward to ________.(提出希望) Yours ________ 三、劝慰信和建议信模板 Dear , I am sorry to hear that .(就某事表示遗憾)You have asked me for my advice with regard to and I will try to make some useful recommendations.(承上启下) First of all, . What’s more, . Last but not least, .(给出理由) I hope you will find these proposals practical. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.(结尾句，希望 上述建议能有所帮助) Yours sincerely, ________ 四、感谢信模板 Dear , Thank you very much for/Thanks a lot for/Many thanks for/I’m writing to you about my gratitude for/I’m very grateful to you for .(开门见山地交代感谢原因) But for/Without your help .(从反面衬托对方的作用)/It’s very kind of you to .(从正面说明对方的作用) I hope to have the opportunity to express my gratitude to you/repay your kindness. I will feel very honored and pleased if .(提出回报对方的方式)Would you please let me know ?(希望对方给予回应)Thank you again for what you have done.(再次表达感谢) Yours sincerely, ________ 五、道歉信模板 Dear , I’m so sorry to tell you that .Now, I am writing you this letter to show my deep regret.(就某事道歉)I do hope you can understand me and excuse me for ________(希望得到谅解) I will be very grateful if you are kind to listen to my explanation. The reason for my delay/absence was/is that . Therefore, .(解释原因) I wonder if ________.(询问对方能够接受补救方案) Sincerely yours, ________ 六、建议信模板 Dear , I am very to know that .(写信的原因)I’m looking forward to .(表示期待) I’m afraid that .(表述提出建议的原因)I’d like to suggest that first , then .(提出建议) I believe this kind of arrangement will .(建议的作用) Moreover, if , it is necessary for you to .(补充建议)With you will . Wish .(祝愿) Yours sincerely, ________ 七、咨询信模板 Dear , I am .(自我介绍)I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding .(要询 问的内容) First of all, what are ? Secondly, when will ? Thirdly, is ?(要咨询的问题罗列) I would also like to inquire . Could you be so kind to send me some relevent booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?(附加问题) Thank you for your kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.(表示感谢) Yours sincerely, ________ 八、电子邮件模板 Dear , I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that .(寒暄句加主题句) (扩展句一) (扩展句二) (扩展句三) I will greatly appreciate a response from your earliest convenience./I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.(结束主体段落) Best regards.(结束语) Sincerely yours, ________ 九、日记模板 (月、日、年、星期、天气) (标题) Today/Yesterday, I/we .(事件) In the morning, we ; then ; after that . By the time we had a good time. Finally . I’ll never forget the memorable day!(事件经过) From this activity, I have learned that/I think .(事件意义和自己的感想) 十、演讲稿模板 Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen, It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.(表示荣幸)My name is .(自我介绍)The topic of my speech is .(提出演讲主题) To begin with, many people suggest that .(话题或现象列举)Secondly, . Thirdly, . What I want to stress is that .(重申主题)For one thing, . For another, . Besides, .(原因或重要性列举)In a word, .(总结) Thank you for your listening/Thank you. 十一、口头通知模板 Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.(称呼语及开场 白). (正文部分，说明具体通知事项) All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes./Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Make sure you’ll come on time and don’t be late.(说明通知 对象和注意事项) Please come and join in it./ Everybody is welcome to attend it./I hope you’ll have a nice time here.(重申希望 大家参加之情) That’s all. Thank you.(结束语) 十二、记叙文模板 One day, ________, ________.(事情发生的时间、地点等) When I was ________, something strange happened ________.(事情发生的过程)Finally, ________.(结果) I’ll never forget ________(感受) 十三、说明原因型说明文模板 Nowadays, there are more and more in some big cities. It is estimated that .(用具体数据说明某现象) Why have there been so many ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first reason is that .(原因 一)Besides, .(原因二)The third reason is .(原因三)To sum up, the main cause of is due to .(指出主要原因) It is high time that something should be done. For one thing, .(解决建议一) For another thing, . All these measures will certainly .(解决建议二) 十四、描述事物型说明文模板 What I have known about is that .(具体描述某事物) Firstly, .(描述要点一) .(具体阐述要点一)Secondly, .(描述要点二) (具体阐述要点二). As a college student, .(结合自身描述要点三) All in all, .(做出总结)Therefore, we should .(提出建议) 十五、问题解决型说明文模板 In recent days, there has been a problem , which is becoming more and more serious.(说明问题及其现 状)First, . Second, .(进一步阐释现状) We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________. For another thing, ________. Finally, ________.(列举解决该问题的方法) Personally, I believe that ________/Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________.(结尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由) 十六、谚语/警句型议论文模板 The good old proverb reminds us that . Indeed, we can learn many things from it.(引出名言，阐明含义) First of all, . For example, . Secondly, . Another case is that . Furthermore, .(举例说明理由) In my opinion, .(自己的观点)In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying . If you understand it and apply it to your study or life, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.(总结) 十七、正反观点对比型议论文模板 There is a widespread concern over the issue that . But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.(引出话题) A majority of people think that .(观点一)In their view there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: In the first place, .(支持观点一的原因一)In the second place, .(支持观点一的原因一)So it goes without saying that . The other people, however, differ in their opinion on this matter. They hold the idea that .(观点二)In their point of view, on the one hand, ; on the other hand, .(支持观点二的原因)Therefore, there is no doubt that . As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that . It is not only because , but also because . The more , the more .(＂我＂的观点) 十八、利弊对比型议论文模板 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over .(引出话题或对象) In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in . Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, .(优点一)And secondly, .(优点二) Just as a popular saying goes, ＂Every coin has two sides.＂ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, .(缺点一)In addition, .(缺点二) To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of .(总结) 十九、图画作文模板 As is vividly shown in the picture, .( 描 述图 画 内 容)The picture/cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that .(图画反映的现象) These may/might be several factors contributing to/responsible for the phenomenon/problem. To start with, . Secondly, . What’s more, . Last but not least, .(说明原因) In my opinion, the government/the school/we should take measures to/something must be done to . Only in this way can the problem be really solved./ Only when everyone can do so will our world become more and more beautiful.(解决问题的方法) 二十、图表作文模板 As the bar chart shows, during the years of to .(说明图表反映的问题) Several factors contribute to . . And . Furthermore. All these result in .(分析问题产生的原因) However, is faced with some problems. With , the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. So my principle is to pay due attention to , but not just to .(提出解决措施) 高考真题 题组一 2018 年真题 Writing1(2018·新课标卷 II) 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片 Growing Together，内容包 括： (1)短片内容：学校的发展； (2)放映时间、地点； (3)欢迎对短片提出意见。 注意： (1)词数 100 左右； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Writing2(2018·新课标卷 III) 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括： 1. 学校的体育场馆； 2. 主要的运动项目； 3. 你喜欢的项目。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右： 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing3(2018·天津卷) 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友 Chris 就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人 技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于 7 月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞 赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。 （1）比赛的时间、地点； （2）邀请他的原因； （3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。 注意：（1）词数不少于 100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin Writing4(2018·北京卷) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接 待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 (请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内) 题组二 2017 年真题 Writing1(2017·新课标卷 I) 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友 Leslie 学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 内容：学习唐诗； 3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing2(2017·新课标卷 II) 假定你是李华，想邀请外教 Henry 一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包 括： 1.展览时间、地点； 2.展览内容。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing3(2017·新课标卷 III) 假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友 Eric 写封邮件邀请他加入， 内容包括： 1.球队活动； 2.报名方式及截止日期。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing4(2017·天津卷) 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师 Mrs Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以 下提示给她回复一封邮件。 1.简要介绍自己的学习和生活； 2.告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津 等)； 3.希望她有机会重访天津。 注意： 1.词数不少于 100； 2.可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； 3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：第十三届全运会 the 13th National Games Dear Mrs Green， I'm so glad to hear from you. _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Jin 经典演练 Writing 1(2018 届江西省金溪一中、余江一中等五市八校高三联考) 假如你是学生会主席李华，国际青少年互动友谊营正在你所在的城市选择活动举办地，你希望友谊营 在你校举办活动，请你给相关部门写封申请信，从学生和学校设施等方面说明你校举办该活动的优势。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯； 3.国际青少年互动友谊营 the International Youth Interactive Friendship Camp Dear Sir/ Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua Writing 2（2018 届河北省五个一联盟高三模拟考试) 假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他已被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge) 录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺，并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括： 1.向 Jacob 表本祝贺； 2.谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑； 3.向对方征求意见和建议。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 3（2018 届江西省红色七校高三联考） 假定你是一名高中毕业生王志，你校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英 语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。 1 学会学习：方法，习惯等； 2 学会做人：真诚，友善； 3 学会…… 注意：1 词数 120 左右； 2 发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不须抄在答题卡上，不计入总词数。 Good afternoon, everyone! I feel honored to stand here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 4 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华。你和同学们在学校观看神舟十一号载人飞船发射直播。请按照以 下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊＂英语角＂写一篇英文稿件，介绍当天的活动。 注意： 1.词数不少于 60。 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：点火 ignite Last Monday I had an unforgettable experience. I watched the launch of Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft through TV at school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing5 你们学校学生会最近组织了一次＂有烦恼时向谁倾诉？＂的调查活动。请根据以下的调查数据，用英 语给校报写一篇新闻稿，反映调查结果。 倾诉对象 同学和朋友 老师和家长 没有 百分比 61% 22% 17% 理由 同龄人容易交流 和理解 老师家长阅历丰富，有 生活和教育经验 不愿和别人说自己的事 或难以与别人相处 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， The Student Union Writing 6 (2016·浙江) ＂Planning is good,but doing is better＂是一句英国名言。请以此为题用英语写一篇 100~120 词的短文。要求如下： 1. 简述你对这句名言的理解； 2. 用一个具体事例加以说明； 3. 给出恰当的结尾。 注意：1. 文章的标题已给出（不计词数）； 2. 文中不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、老师或同学姓名等真实信息，否则按作弊行为认定。 Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________