【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题四习题讲评课一 17页

专题四 语法填空 ‎ 有提示词类必考点(一)——谓语动词 技法一 ‎ 慧眼识别标志词 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, so far等都是判定动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.‎ 解析：has grown　由时间状语“Since 2011”可知， 这里要用现在完成时。主语“the country”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考改编)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.‎ 解析：will have developed　句意：在2025年我们有希望不用再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们将已经研制出更方便的电子交流工具了。根据句中的“in 2025”以及“by then”可知，空格处应用将来完成时。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school (come) first.‎ 解析：comes　由时间状语at the moment可知，这里是指现在发生的事情，因此用一般现在时。‎ ‎4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.‎ 解析：goes　主语是This cycle, 且此处day after day表示常态，一直是这种情况，所以用一般现在时。‎ ‎5．In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland‎, ‎Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ 解析：was　根据空前“In 1969, the pollution was terrible”可知，叙述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时；此外，主语是It，因此此处谓语用was。‎ ‎6．Besides highspeed rail, China (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.‎ 解析：has improved　over the last decade表示“在过去的十年”，常和现在完成时连用，主语是China，故谓语动词用has improved。‎ ‎7．(2018·惠州第二次调研)A woman suddenly (go) blind in one eye after playing ‎ a mobile phone game for a whole week in Guangdong Province last month.‎ 解析：went　根据该句中的时间状语last month可知，此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．(2019·重庆第一次调研)Now, I’d like to share what I (learn) through Travelling Guide a few weeks ago.‎ 解析：learned/learnt　根据本句中的时间状语“a few weeks ago”可知，该空应用一般过去时。‎ 技法二 ‎ 瞻前顾后找并列 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and, but, not only ... but also 引导的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ改编)I (manage) to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.‎ 解析：managed　由连词and连接的并列谓语动词learned可知，空格处也应该用一般过去时，managed和learned并列。‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Minstry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ 解析：started　根据语境可知，when引导定语从句修饰先行词2005，作者在说2005年发生的事情，started 和dropped是并列关系，故应用过去式。‎ ‎3．(2017·6月浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.‎ 解析：searched　根据句意和“but turned up nothing”可知，search的动作发生在过去，所以填searched。‎ ‎4．(2019·石家庄检测)My purchase cost 6 yuan and (take) just a few seconds.At a nearby coffee shop, its owner scanned a QR code on my phone.‎ 解析：took　根据句子的主语My purchase及谓语动词cost用了过去时态可知，and连接的并列谓语应用过去式，所以填took。‎ ‎5．At first, both of them joined together and the frog (lead) his friend towards the pool in which he lived, and didn’t stop until he reached the side of the water.‎ 解析：led　由并列连词and可知，空白处与前面的joined呼应，表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ 技法三 ‎ 主从时态须呼应 解决主、从句涉及的时态题时，要考虑主句和从句的关系， 根据动作发生的时间确定时态。‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review ‎ says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.‎ 解析：is　the review says后跟的是宾语从句，主句谓语动词为一般现在时，宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，空格处应用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故填is。‎ ‎2．(2018·北京高考改编)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.‎ 解析：had been trapped　句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。根据语境可知，trap所表示的动作发生在risked之前，为“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时；又因为trap与主语who(指代“two tourists”)之间是被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ 解析：managed　根据空格后从句中的谓语动词became可知此处也应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．(2019·泰安检测)Mr White (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.‎ 解析：had taught　根据“for nearly forty years”可知用完成时，再由时间状语从句“before he retired last month”可知用过去完成时。‎ ‎5．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)She said she (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.‎ 解析：had noticed　 句意：她说她已经注意到了我的巨大变化并想知道为什么会出现这种情况。设空处notice的动作发生在said之前，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。‎ 技法四 细心体会辨语境 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ改编)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he (teach) me.‎ 解析：taught　根据语境可知，此处表示：我仍然利用到他教我的东西。他教我应是发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ改编)The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I (do) how to live more with less.‎ 解析：did　从语境“learn earlier than I”可知比我早学会，我学会……是发生在过去，所以应填did。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ 解析：is　由语境可知，此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子的主语Fast food (快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填is。‎ ‎4．(2016·浙江高考改编)While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.‎ 解析：has changed　句意：尽管网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非它所有的影响都是积极正面的。从句主语是online shopping，结合网上购物已经改变了我们的生活这一事实以及后面的have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。‎ ‎5．While most water towns are in the south, Shandong’s Tai’erzhuang stands out in the north.The town (be) on the bank of the BeijingHangzhou Grand Canal.‎ 解析：is　此处表示：这座城镇位于京杭大运河的岸边。该句主语为“The town”，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是当前的情况，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎6．(2018·湖北七市联考)A red rose, rather than yellow roses, (act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your lover on Valentine’s Day.‎ 解析：acts　本句描述的是客观情况，故应用一般现在时；句子的主语是A red rose，而不是rather than后的yellow roses，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故填acts。‎ 技法五 固定句式要记牢 掌握固定句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法，因此要熟记一些常用固定句式。‎ ‎1．(2017·天津高考改编)I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ 解析：was driving　此处是be doing ...when ...结构，意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”。由从句的谓语动词found可知，主句应用过去进行时。‎ ‎2．This was the first time I (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.‎ 解析：had experienced　在“This was the first time (that) ...”句式中，从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎3．(2019·梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you (feel) better.”‎ 解析：will feel　此处为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，陈述句用一般将来时。‎ ‎4．(2018·汕头市模拟)The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about (begin)．‎ 解析：to begin　此处考查be about to do sth.意为“马上就要做某事”，表将来，故填to begin。‎ ‎5．If the child (listen) to his advice that day, he would have been alarmed and would ‎ not have been injured.‎ 解析：had listened　句中的时间状语that day 是一般过去时的时间状语， 但是从主句的谓语动词的形式可以看出本题考查虚拟语气，且空格处表示与过去事实相反的假设， 所以从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎6．(2018·陕西质量检测)Harvard is older than the United States.In the early 1630s some settlers suggested that a university (found) just to improve the quality of their descendants so that they could better build the new home.‎ 解析：be founded　主语a university和动词found之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；suggest表示“建议”时，后接从句，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ 技法六 理清主谓关系，时态、语态要分明 有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们要对时态、语态全面考虑。‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考)I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ 解析：was shocked　根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；而I与shock之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ 解析：are removed　句意：脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后，食物尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知，状语从句中用一般现在时态，主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are removed。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ‎ 解析：were used　根据句意可知Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故需用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. ‎ 解析：was told/has been told　句意：萨拉被告知她可以成为英国的一名超模新星，第二年就可以有一百万美元的收入。主语Sarah与tell之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。此处可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。‎ ‎5．(2019·南昌一模)The village, which (build) in 1086, is crossed with canals.‎ 解析：was built　根据该句中的时间状语“in 1086”可知，该处陈述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时；which指代“The village”，为单数，且和动词build之间是被动关系，故此处应填was built。‎ ‎6．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the original Song painting and one of its famous copies — the Qing version (hold) in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.‎ 解析：is held　该句主语为“one of its famous copies — the Qing version”，主语和谓语动词“hold”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句陈述的是一种客观情况，故用一般现在时，故填is held。‎ ‎7．We sincerely hope more cultural exchanges of this kind (hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.‎ 解析：will be held　此处指希望将来会有更多这样的文化交流活动在意大利和兰州举办。根据时间状语“in the future”可知，此处应用一般将来时；又hold与其主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be held。‎ ‎8．(2018·成都第二次诊断)Hot pot restaurants can (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely.‎ 解析：be found　动词find和句子主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。‎ 技法七 利用三原则，确定主谓一致 对于主谓一致这个语法点来说，了解和掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个基本原则是关键，掌握了基本的用法之后就像套数学公式一样代入即可。‎ ‎1．(2018·北京高考改编)She and her family bicycle to work, which (help) them keep fit.‎ 解析：helps　句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于她们保持健康。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。which在从句中作主语，表示她和家人骑自行车上班这件事，是单数概念，且主句中谓语动词bicycle是一般现在时，从句中也应用一般现在时，故用helps。‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming， (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.‎ 解析：is regarded　cycling与动词regard之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语后有along with连接的短语时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，即与cycling一致，此处谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is regarded。‎ ‎3．(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)In general, preparing for new debate topics usually (include) brainstorming arguments, researching a resolution, and doing debate practice.‎ 解析：includes　本句中主语为“preparing for new debate topics”，是动名词短语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎4．(2018·太原阶段测评)Furthermore, the amount of sleep (change) greatly over the past 15 years.‎ 解析：has changed　根据该句中的时间状语“over the past 15 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且该句的主语是“the amount of sleep”，故谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎5．That way you can find articles just about anything that (be) related to the science fields you are interested in.‎ 解析：is　关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合本句的时态可知，应填is。‎ ‎6．(2018·湖南长郡中学模拟)The traditional Chinese marriage usually (involve) some necessary procedures such as matchmaking, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows.‎ 解析：involves　根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语“The traditional Chinese marriage”为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。‎ 技法八 ‎ 特殊动词(短语)特殊对待 有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如表示所属关系的belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时；系动词均无被动语态，此类动词有sound, look, smell, taste, feel, prove, appear等。对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。‎ ‎1.(2018·铁岭市联考)It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write (belong) to all people.‎ 解析：belongs　主句为“It is about taking action to show the world”， that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right, to read and write是不定式作定语， belong to为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。‎ ‎2．(2018·泰安市模拟)The festival (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－AD 220)．‎ 解析：dates　date back to意为“追溯到”，没有被动语态，且常用一般现在时，故填dates。‎ ‎3．That piece of music (sound) quite familiar.Who is playing upstairs?‎ 解析：sounds　句意：那首曲子听起来特别熟悉。谁在楼上演奏呢？系动词sound无被动语态，常用主动形式表达被动意义；根据语境“谁正在演奏呢”可知，应使用一般现在时，故答案为sounds。‎ ‎1．看时间状语定时态 ‎(1)看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时；‎ ‎(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day, one rainy day等要想到用一般过去时；‎ ‎(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等要想到用一般将来时态；‎ ‎(4)看到all the time, at present, now, at this moment等要想到用现在进行时；‎ ‎(5)看到already, just, yet, so far, for＋一段时间；since＋过去的时间点或ever since; in/over/during/for the last/past＋一段时间等要想到用现在完成时。‎ ‎(6)看到by, by the end of, by the time等后接过去时间点要想到用过去完成时。‎ One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog drew his attention to a puddle.‎ 在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一只跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。‎ Lanzhou’s cooking culture has developed its own time honored characteristics over the years.‎ 这些年来，兰州的饮食文化已经发展出了它自己历史悠久的风格。‎ ‎2．记特定句型定时态 ‎(1)be doing ...when ...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”， since从句中用一般过去时。‎ ‎(3)This/It/That is the first/second ...time that ...表示“这/那是……第几次……”，后面的从句要用现在完成时。‎ This/It/That was the first/second ...time that ...表示“这/那是……第几次……”，后面的句子要用过去完成时。‎ ‎(4)It’s (high) time that ...did/should do sth.‎ 表示“到了……该做某事的时间了”。‎ ‎(5)would rather that ‎(6)表示“命令，建议”的词引导从句时，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ It has been five years since he joined the army.‎ 他参军五年了。‎ It’s high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.‎ 到了父母和孩子该采取措施进行小的改变的时候了。‎ It’s strongly recommended that the machines (should) be checked every year.‎ 强烈建议每年检查一次这些机器。‎ ‎3．观固定结构定主谓一致 ‎(1)不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)，或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like，but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition ‎ to等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语的单复数形式保持一致。‎ ‎(3)由or, either ...or ..., not ...but ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎(4)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.‎ 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。‎ My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.‎ 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。‎ Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎4．看主谓关系定语态 动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：‎ ‎(1)主语和谓语的关系一般分为两种：主动关系和被动关系。主动关系使用主动语态，被动关系使用被动语态。‎ ‎(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be done。‎ ‎(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。‎ ‎(4)主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。‎ To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ 使我高兴的是，我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人员中当选。‎ 考生常因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分，那么如何确定空格处填谓语动词还是非谓语动词呢？‎ ‎1．找句中“题眼”，确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 ‎(1)若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等。‎ ‎①(2018·北京高考改编)China’s highspeed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。由该句时间状语“in the past few years”可知，该空应用现在完成时have grown。‎ ‎②(2016·四川高考)The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.‎ 分析：‎ 分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语，故空格处应作谓语。大熊猫被世界各地的人们喜爱是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。‎ ‎(2)若句中已有谓语动词，且另一动作(空格处)不作并列谓语时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。‎ 非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。‎ ‎③(2018·北京高考改编)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.‎ 分析：本句中已有谓语动词gather，且空格处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。“ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼，用动词不定式表目的，故填to share。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.‎ 分析：句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。本句中已经有谓语动词combine，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to create。‎ ‎(3)排除干扰，切忌“只见树木不见森林”‎ ‎⑤ (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ 分析：看到此题，考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed并列、与would remind并列还是与killings并列？分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。 ‎ ‎⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 分析：本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conducted或were conducted。因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填谓语动词。实际上，分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。‎ ‎2．通过6组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词 ‎[题组一]‎ 示例 ‎①He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week. ‎ ‎②He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①中空格处为现在分词作伴随状语；②中空格处与volunteered并列作谓语。故①填donating；②填donated。‎ ‎[题组二]‎ 示例 ‎① (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. ‎ ‎② (call) me tomorrow, I’ll let you know the lab result.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①句为句式“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”；②句为分词短语作条件状语。故①填Call；②填Calling。‎ ‎[题组三]‎ 示例 ‎①The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. ‎ ‎②The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作原因状语；②句so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。故①填leading；②填led。‎ ‎[题组四]‎ 示例 ‎①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．‎ ‎②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作条件状语；②句为if引导的条件状语从句。故①填permitting；②填permits。‎ ‎[题组五]‎ 示例 ‎①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it. ‎ ‎②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (with) all his attention (fix) on it. ‎ ‎③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.‎ 分析 三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，①句为and连接的两个并列句，通过时态、语态的分析，应用一般过去时的被动语态；②句为独立主格结构(with复合结构)；③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。故①填was fixed；②填fixed；③填fixing。‎ ‎[题组六]‎ 示例 ‎①He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers. ‎ ‎②They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.‎ 分析 两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。①句为and连接三个并列谓语；②句为and连接两个伴随状语。故①填sat；②填talking。‎ 一、 ‎ 单句对点练——练明考点 ‎1.(2018·江苏高考改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.‎ 解析：had been carried　本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years。carry out所表示的动作发生在sent之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态，且the development plan和carry out之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态had been carried。‎ ‎2．(2018·福州期末)After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, hutong conditions (improve)．‎ 解析：were improved　句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，胡同的状况得到了改善。该句主语为“hutong conditions”，和动词improve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据该句中的时间状语可知，该句介绍过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, (call) Science Daily.‎ 解析：is called　句意：另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。“one that I check out every day”是主语“Another wonderful site”的同位语，且主语和call之间构成被动关系，再结合本句的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)When we mention the most famous Chinese painting of the Northern Song, the image coming into people’s mind (be) the Along the River During the Qingming Festival. ‎ 解析：is/will be　句意：当我们提及北宋最著名的国画时，映入人们脑海的是《清明上河图》。根据句意可知，该句叙述的是一般常识，故用一般现在时，也可以用一般将来时表示倾向、习惯、必然发生的事。该句主语为“the image”，故谓语动词用is或will be。‎ ‎5．(2018·昆明市调研)The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times.Lots of relics on the road can still (see) now.‎ 解析：be seen　第二句的主语是Lots of relics，与谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；前面有情态动词can，所以填be seen。‎ ‎6．The travelers and merchants also (carry) many ideas, philosophies and religions with them along the Silk Road.Of all these, Buddhism, which came from India, had the greatest influence on Chinese culture.‎ 解析：carried　该句讲述的是过去发生的事，因此本句应用一般过去时，故填carried。‎ ‎7．(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)So even though I (defeat) in my last debate, I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.‎ 解析：was defeated　句意：因此，尽管在上次的辩论中我被击败了，但我仍然感谢自己是非常棒的辩论家族的一员。根据句意可知此处用被动语态，且此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)These bacteria (be) able to resist powerful antibiotic (抗生素) drugs.‎ 解析：are　此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。‎ ‎9．However, thanks to the international agreement，there (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ 解析：has been　句意：然而，多亏了这项国际协议，自从1990年以来，非法捕猎少了很多。根据时间状语since 1990可推知设空处用现在完成时；本句主语hunting为单数第三人称，故填has been。‎ ‎10．(2018·浙江宁波九校联考)It’s said that not getting enough sleep (lead) to poor judgement, lack of creativity, and even depression.‎ 解析：leads　从句中主语“not getting enough sleep”是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填leads。‎ 二、 ‎ 原创语篇练——练熟技法 阅读下面短文，根据本部分语法内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。注意使用上面的技法。‎ Every April, there 1 (be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors.It 2 (call) the Tomb Sweeping Day, also known as the Qingming Festival.‎ The Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival.It 3 (begin) over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4 (write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty.A wellknown poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5 (describe) the day: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passersby with lowered spirits go.”‎ The Tomb Sweeping Day 6 (be) a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since ‎ 2008.On this day, families bring flowers, food and wine to their ancestors’ tombs.Cakes and fruits 7 (put) in front of the tombs.That’s because people think that visiting tombs during the Qingming Festival 8 (be) to show respect to their dead family members.However, the Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this.During that time, the weather 9 (get) warm.So the Tomb Sweeping Day also means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China.It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating the Tomb Sweeping Day 10 (change) in the future.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——清明节。‎ ‎1．is　根据时间状语Every April可知，用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．is called　句意：它被称为扫墓节，也以清明节为名。结合上文可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．began　由“over 2,000 years ago”可知，此处用一般过去时态。‎ ‎4．had been written　由“by the end of the Tang Dynasty”为“by the end of＋过去时间”可知，主句时态要用过去完成时，且动词write与poems之间构成被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎5．described　由“the Tang Dynasty”可知，此动作发生在过去。‎ ‎6．has been　由“since ‎2008”‎可知，主句时态应用现在完成时。‎ ‎7．are put　结合上文可知，此处指“在清明这天，家人们把蛋糕、水果放到他们祖先的坟墓前”，用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．is　结合上文可知，此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎9．gets　结合上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎10．will be changed　由“in the future”可知，此处指将来，意为：在将来，这些庆祝扫墓节的方式是否会改变还不清楚。方式是被改变的，故用被动语态。‎ 三、 ‎ 仿真综合练——练通高考 A ‎(2018·江西名校联盟检测)From Readers to National Treasure, TV programs seeking to take advantage 1 Chinese audience’s growing interest in traditional culture had a great year in 2017.‎ During a time 2 hiring famous pop stars and using silly gimmicks (噱头) have become major trends in drawing younger Chinese viewers, no one ever expected that these slowpaced and serious shows focused on Chinese tradition and culture would 3 (accept) so widely.But the fact is that shows like The Chinese Poetry Conference and Letters Alive quickly climbed to 4 top of the national TV ratings.The popularity of this type of program shows that many Chinese 5 (be) eager to learn more about ‎ traditional culture.‎ While Letters Alive and Readers invite people from all walks of life 6 (read) letters, essays or poems written by respectable writers and other great people, National Treasure focuses on the 7 (attract) stories and history behind nationallevel cultural relics (遗物)．‎ One reason for these shows’ being 8 (huge) successful might be their human focus.Literary works 9 (share) in these shows talk about real life and they also appeal to regular viewers rather than just literature lovers.Though National Treasure focuses on introducing ancient 10 (treasure), it focuses more on the human stories behind them.‎ 语篇解读：近几年，一系列聚焦中国优秀传统文化的节目相继涌现。《中国诗词大会》《见字如面》《朗读者》《国家宝藏》等无不广受好评。在满屏娱乐类综艺节目的今天，文化类节目相继涌现是一种时代的必然，也是一种价值的回归。‎ ‎1．of　考查介词。take advantage of意为“利用”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎2．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导定语从句。先行词“a time”表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎3．be accepted　考查动词的语态。主语是“these slowpaced and serious shows focused on Chinese tradition and culture”，与accept之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。又因为空前有would，故填be accepted。‎ ‎4．the　考查冠词。to the top of意为“到……顶部”，定冠词the在此表示特指。‎ ‎5．are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语是many Chinese，表示“很多中国人”，故谓语动词用复数形式are。‎ ‎6．to read　考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”，故用不定式。‎ ‎7．attractive　考查形容词。空处所填词修饰名词，故填形容词attractive(有吸引力的)。‎ ‎8．hugely　考查副词。空处所填词修饰形容词successful，故用所给词的副词形式。‎ ‎9．shared　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语。Literary works与share之间是被动关系，且此处非谓语动词不表示动作发生的先后关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎10．treasures　考查名词复数。由后面的代词them可知，此处应用treasures。treasure表示“珍宝，珍品”，是可数名词。‎ B ‎(2018·安徽省重点中学盟校模拟)Worldfamous physicist Stephen William Hawking died at the age of 76.He died 1 (peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early 2 (hour) of Wednesday.‎ Hawking was known 3 the public for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.At the age of 22, ‎ Prof.Hawking 4 (give) only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease.The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was 5 (able) to speak except through a voice synthesizer (合成器)．‎ Prof.Hawking was the first 6 (set) out a theory of cosmology (宇宙学) explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He also discovered that black holes 7 (leak) energy and fade to nothing — a phenomenon that would 8 (late) become known as Hawking radiation.Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose he proved that Einstein’s general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 9 end in black holes.‎ In a statement his children praised his “courage and persistence” and said his “brilliance and humour” inspired people across the world.They added, “He once said, ‘It would not be much of a universe 10 it wasn’t home to the people you love.’ We will miss him forever.”‎ 语篇解读：斯蒂芬·霍金于‎2018年3月14日去世，享年76岁。本文简单介绍了霍金的生平。‎ ‎1．peacefully　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词died，故用副词。‎ ‎2．hours　考查名词复数。the early hours“凌晨时分”为固定用法，故填hour的复数形式。‎ ‎3．to　考查介词。be known to ...for ...“因……而为……所知”为固定用法，故填介词to。‎ ‎4．was given　考查动词的时态和语态。根据表示过去的时间状语“At the age of ‎22”‎可知此处要用一般过去时；又Prof.Hawking与give之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎5．unable　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处要填形容词；此处表示“他不能说话”，故用able的反义词unable。‎ ‎6．to set　考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，因为序数词后一般用不定式作后置定语，故填to set。‎ ‎7．leak　考查动词的时态。虽然主句用了一般过去时，但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，故从句要用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．later　考查副词。此处表示一种之后会作为霍金辐射而闻名的现象，故填later。‎ ‎9．an　考查冠词。前面的a beginning暗示这里用an end，故填an。‎ ‎10．if　考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处要用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。‎ C ‎(2018·昆明调研)The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times. Lots of relics on the road can still 1 (see) now. From the relics, tourists can see the outline of the ancient metropolitan (大都会的) areas along 2 fantastic road. In the tour ‎ packages, tourists can imagine 3 (they) to be ancient merchants by riding camels in deserts.‎ The Silk Road is a long route, 4 Xi’an in the east to Gansu and Xinjiang in the west. If it is your first trip to China, we 5 (sincere) suggest you should spend at least ten days visiting Beijing, Xi’an, Dunhuang, Urumqi and Kashi. You could get to know about the history of China and experience 6 (color) scenery along the Silk Road.‎ If you are an 7 (experience) traveler wanting to explore China fully, it is recommended 8 you should travel to Dunhuang, Zhangye, Jiayuguan, Turpan, Kashi and Urumqi to follow the footprint of Marco Polo. This route may take about 15 days. If you have only a oneweek holiday, the 9 (choose) of three most famous cities will be fit for you.‎ Along the Silk Road route, Xi’an and Gansu are suitable to visit all year round. The best time 10 (visit) Xinjiang is from May to October because the weather is mild.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了中国的“丝绸之路”，并为如何游览“丝绸之路”提出了一些建议。‎ ‎1．be seen　考查动词语态。句子的主语是Lots of relics，与谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；空格前面有情态动词can，所以填be seen。‎ ‎2．the　考查冠词。上文已经提到了丝绸之路，此处再次提到，表示特指，要用定冠词，所以填the。‎ ‎3．themselves　考查反身代词。本句表达的意思是“通过在沙漠中骑骆驼，游客们可以把他们自己想象成古代的商人”，they指代主语tourists，所以要用反身代词。‎ ‎4．from　考查介词。此处表达的是“从东部的西安到西部的甘肃和新疆”，表达“从……到……”要用介词短语from ... to ...。‎ ‎5．sincerely　考查副词。修饰动词suggest要用副词，所以填sincerely。‎ ‎6．colorful　考查形容词。修饰名词scenery，要用形容词来作定语，所以填colorful。‎ ‎7．experienced　考查形容词。根据空后的名词traveler可知，空处应用形容词作定语，表示“有经验的”，故填experienced。‎ ‎8．that　考查主语从句。本句为“It is recommended＋that从句”结构，it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语，故填that。‎ ‎9．choice　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，空处应填名词，所以空处要用choice。‎ ‎10．to visit　考查非谓语动词。the best time to do sth.的意思是“做某事的最好的时间”，其中的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的the best time，所以填to visit。‎