【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：完形填空的解题技巧及训练&情态动词的复习 24页

‎2019年高三二轮复习--完形填空的解题技巧及训练+情态动词的复习 一.课程介绍 知识点 ‎ 1.归纳讲解完形填空的解题技巧（4）---议论文 ‎2.重点语法: 情态动词的复习 ‎ 教学重点 ‎ 1.掌握并运用好议论文体完形填空的解题技巧 ‎2.准确辨析及正确使用情态动词 ‎ 教学难点 完形填空中高频词语的掌握 二.要点回顾 I.填空 1. ‎_____（catch）the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ ‎2.The teacher came into the lab, ______(follow) by some students.‎ ‎3.Much time _____ （spend）sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ ‎4. ______（absorb）in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. ‎ ‎5.______ （work）for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】1.To catch ‎ ‎【解析】不定式做目的状语 ‎【答案】2.followed ‎【解析】过去分词做伴随状语 ‎【答案】3.spent ‎ ‎【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。spend的逻辑主语是time，二者是被动的关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动 ‎【答案】4.Absorbed ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。absorb使用过程中的固定搭配是be absorbed in，John和be之间是主动关系，所以应该是Being absorbed in…的形式，但是在平时的使用中being经常被省略掉 ‎【答案】5. Having worked ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。主句主语Steve和work是主动关系，而且工作持续时间是两天，所以选择现在分词的完成时形式 II.完形填空 The findings come from a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index (BMI) —a measure of obesity.__1__ is found that those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on __2__， slimmer than those __3__ ate it occasionally. Even __4__ chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients(成分)that may favour weight loss __5__ than fat synthesis, scientists believe.__6__ boost ing calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study, __7__ is published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The link remained even when other factors, like how __8__ exercise individuals did, were taken into __9__.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The __10__ found no link with quantity consumed.‎ ‎__11__ to the researchers, there is only one chance in a hundred that their findings could be explained by chance alone. Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said: “Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight.”This is not the first time scientists __12__ that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure, insulin(胰岛素)sensitivity and cholesterol(胆固醇)level. And chocolate, __13__ dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants(抗氧化剂)which can help to mop up harmful free radicals—unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.‎ Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds, called catechins(儿茶素), can improve lean muscle mass and reduce weight— __14__ studies in rodents would suggest this might be so. Mice __15__ for 15 days with epicatechin (present in dark chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trials ‎ are now needed in humans to see __16__ this is the case.‎ But before you reach __17__ a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution.While there's no harm in allowing yourself a treat like __18__ now and again, eating too much might be harmful because it often __19__ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change your diet, you are __20__ to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.‎ ‎1．A.As B．It C．Which D．What ‎2．A.whole B．average C．general D．short ‎3．A.who B． that C．which D．why ‎4．A.though B．so C．but D．or ‎5．A.other B．rather C．less D．more ‎6．A.Though B．Even if C．When D．Despite ‎7．A.that B．which C．where D．when ‎8．A.much B．often C．long D．many ‎9．A.thought B．mind C．account D．effect ‎10．A.news B．report C．study D．book ‎11．A.According B．Based C．Reply D．Response ‎12．A.had suggested B．suggested C．have suggested D．suggest ‎13．A.specially B．particularly C．luckily D．unfortunately ‎14．A.at least B．at most C．in fact D．by accident ‎15．A.feeding B．fed C．to feed D．feed ‎16．A.if B．what C．why D． that ‎17．A.out B．for C．with D．into ‎18．A.noodles B．chocolate C．rice D．nuts ‎19．A.includes B．takes C．absorbs D．contains ‎20．A.probable B．possible C．likely D．about ‎【答案】文章讲述的是一项研究发现经常摄入巧克力有助于提高人们的身体素质。‎ ‎1-5. BBAAB 6-10.DBACC 11-15.ACBAB 16-20.ABBDC 三.知识精要 1. 议论文体的完形填空的解题思路 议论文型完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：‎ 1. 对于纯议论文型的完形填空，在把握全文主旨的情况下，抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。‎ 有一项调查结果表明：英语中有60%-90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句，抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”，在理解文章也就不难了。‎ 2. 理清文章的论点，论据和结论。与记叙文型完形填空相比，议论文型完形填空更难做一 些。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件的发生，发展过程就能将情景把握好。然而，议论文型完形填空就没有那么简单了。如果我们对论点.论据.结论都把握不清，只能莽撞地选择答案。一般来说，能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据中得到印证，形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章的内容上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点和论据相悖，最后的结论和论点相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠调理性和系统性，这时我们需要重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清晰为止，然后再依据自己对文章的各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。‎ ‎2.语法 ‎ ‎ 情态动词 1、 情态动词的基本用法 ‎(1)can.be able to 和could ‎①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。‎ ‎②can和could can和could都可以表示能力.技能.许可.建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。‎ ‎(2)may/might ‎①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。‎ ‎②may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。‎ ‎③may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。 ‎ ‎（3）must ‎①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。‎ ‎②must表示肯定的推测。‎ ‎③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。‎ ‎④也可表示“偏要，非要”‎ ‎（4）have to have to 表示“必须.不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。‎ ‎（5）should / ought to ‎①should和ought to表示应当.应该，前者比后者语气轻。‎ ‎②should / ought to work hard.‎ ‎③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。‎ ‎④should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。‎ ‎（6）will / would ‎①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”.“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t + 动词。如：‎ ‎②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：‎ ‎③will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”.“惯于”的含义。如：‎ ‎④would 表示客气的请求.建议或意愿。如：‎ ‎⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。（常用于完形填空中）.‎ ‎（7）need need 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。‎ ‎（8）dare dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。‎ ‎（9）used to used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。‎ ‎（10）shall ‎①shall作为情态动词用于第二.三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”.“警告.威胁.强制”和“允许”等意思。‎ ‎②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一.第三人称。‎ ‎2.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法 下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：‎ 情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使 用 场 合 must must + 动词原形 must have done 肯定句 may / might may / might + 动词原形 May / might have done 肯定句.否定句 can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句.疑问名（could可用于肯定句）‎ should 用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be should have done 肯定句.否定句.疑问句 例如：It must have rained last night.‎ She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.‎ She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there right now.‎ ‎3.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：‎ ‎（1）should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：‎ You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.‎ ‎（2）ought to have done也表示“本应该…”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如：‎ You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.‎ ‎（3）needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：‎ You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.‎ ‎（4）could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如：‎ I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.‎ 四.要点讲练 ‎【要点1】议论文的完形填空：‎ ‎【例题1】（2015安徽卷） ‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to ‎ spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . ‎ Another cause is our42 of disposable (一次性的) products.As 43 people,we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem ‎37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products ‎38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change ‎39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw ‎40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful ‎42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division ‎43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy ‎44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends ‎45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve ‎46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes ‎47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for ‎48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger ‎49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away ‎50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences ‎51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure ‎52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands ‎53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of ‎55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising 答案与解析：‎ ‎36.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。后面因为人们较之前扔掉更多垃圾所以会带来问题problem，且第四段开头我们对新产品的嗜好也导致了这一问题可知。文中其他地方也多次出现problem这一单词。‎ ‎37.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词辨析和对上下文的理解。根据后面rubbish可知。‎ ‎38.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。我们为什么会变成这样一个社会。选become； face面对。observe观察，遵守，庆祝； change改变 ‎39.【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。由第四段开头买新产品。因此选replace代替物品比花时间和金钱去修理更容易。‎ ‎40.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查短语辨析。Thanks to由于，表示原因。因为现代制造业和科技，公司能够更快更便宜地生产产品。as to对于；Except for除了；Regardless of不管 ‎41.【答案】C ‎【解析】考查形容词的辨析和对上下文理解。由40题解析inexpensively可知选cheap。safe安全；funny搞笑；powerful强大的，有力的 ‎42.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。句意另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的热爱。选love。lack缺乏；prevention阻止；division部门 ‎43.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使生活更容易的方式。sensitive敏感的；kind善良的；brave勇敢的 ‎44.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使生活更容易的方式。选ways。places地方；jobs工作；friends朋友 ‎45.【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。由上一段companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively 可知选produce。donate捐献；receive收到；preserve保存 ‎46.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查词组搭配。contribute to the problem带来或导致这个问题。adapt to适应；return to返回；respond to反应 ‎47.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查短语辨析be addicted to 对…上瘾；Tired of 厌倦；worried about担心；ashamed for 为…羞愧 ‎48.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意广告使得我们相信更新的产品更好。‎ ‎49.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词短语。结果是我们扔掉有用的物品为新物品让出空间。第二段开头有throwaway society。下一段有this throwaway society。pick up捡起，无意中学会等含义。pay for支付； hold onto坚持 ‎50.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。consequence结果相当于上一段最后一句中的result。advantages 优势；purposes目的；functions功能 ‎51.【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为了减少垃圾的数量。show展示；record记录；measure测量 ‎52.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。句意to protect the environment 保护环境。technology 科技；consumers消费者；brands品牌 ‎53.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查副词辨析。句意政府要求人们循环利用，然而这是不够的。选however。Otherwise否则；Therefore因此；Meanwhile与此同时 ‎54.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查介词辨析。句意我们需要去修理我们的物品而不是扔掉它们。选instead of 替代。in favour of支持 ‎55.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。A花费，度过；B收集；C修理；D宣传。我们也需要重新思考我们的花费态度。上一句说到修理repair，因为also也，不能再选repair。我们不可能广告advertise也不可能是收集collect。文章是扔掉垃圾，而不是收集垃圾。最后一句说到修理物品和改变花费习惯。‎ ‎【例题2】（2015浙江卷） ‎ ‎  Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs． As executives (高级管理人员）with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now  21  on their way to impressive careers． By society’s   22 ，they seem to have it made．‎ ‎        On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life． As they left student life behind, many had a  23  drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and  24  out of small apartments into high buildings． They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine  25   a college year’s monthly rent． They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars．‎ ‎        The thing is, a number of them have 26  that despite their success, they aren’t happy． Some 27  of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 ． Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and  29  ． However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30   to which they have so quickly become  31 ．‎ ‎        People often speak of trying a mow satisfying path, and 32 in the end the idea leaving their jobs lo work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion： it’s 34 ． They have loans, bills, a mortgage (抵押贷款）to 35 , retirement to save for． They recognize there’s something 36 in their lives, hut it’s 37 to step off the track．‎ ‎        In a society that tends to 38   everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms． But what about the personal and social ‎ costs 40  in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most．‎ ‎21. A.much B.never C.seldom D.well ‎22. A.policies B.standards C.experiments D.regulations ‎23. A.last B.least C.second D.best ‎24. A.cycled B.moved C.slid D.looked ‎25. A.shared B.paid C.equaled D.collected ‎26. A.advertised B.witnessed C.admitted D.demanded ‎27. A.complain B.dream C.hear D.approve ‎28. A.distribute B.hate C.applaud D.neglect ‎29. A.calm B.guilty C.warm D.empty ‎30. A.family B.government C.lifestyle D.project ‎31. A.accustomed B.appointed C.unique D.available ‎32. A.yet B.also C.instead D.rather ‎33. A.let out B.turn in C.give up D.believe in ‎34. A.fundamental B.practical C.impossible D.unforgettable ‎35. A.take off B.drop off C.put off D.pay off ‎36. A.missing B.inspiring C.sinking D.shining ‎37. A.harmful B.hard C.useful D.normal ‎38. A.measure B.suffer C.digest D.deliver ‎39. A.disasters B.motivations C.campaigns D.decisions ‎40. A.assessed B.involved C.covered D.reduced 答案与解析：‎ ‎21.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 考查副词。根据句意可知，很多人已经拥有令人印象深刻的职业。这里well译为顺利的。‎ ‎22.【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 考查名词。根据句意可知，根据社会的标准，他们已经成功了。B，standard标准。Policy政策；experiment，实验；Regulation，规定。所以选择B。‎ ‎23.【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查形容词。根据句意可知，当他们道别学生生活时，他们会去常去的便宜但友好的酒吧喝最后一杯酒。‎ ‎24.【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 考查动词。根据句意可知，然后他们会从小公寓搬进高楼大厦。B，搬家，移动；A，作动词时，意思是循环，骑自行车；C，slide，滑动。‎ ‎25.【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 考查动词。根据句意可知，他们在一杯酒的价格等于大学一学年月租的费用饭店预约消费equal等于，相当。‎ ‎26.【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 考查动词。根据句意可知，问题是，他们中的一些人已经承认，尽管他们成功，但是他们并不快乐。A，做广告；B目击；C，承认；D，要求。‎ ‎27.【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查动词。根据句意可知，一些人抱怨不友好的同事。A，抱怨；B，做梦；C，听到；D，赞成。‎ ‎28.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，而且他们对于每天工作八个小时，专心做他们讨厌的任务而伤心。A，分配；B，憎恨；C，欢呼；D，忽略。‎ ‎29.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，他们一些人并不尊重他们效力的公司，而且会谈起厌倦和空虚的感受。A，冷静的；B，有罪的；C，温暖的；D，空虚的。‎ ‎30.【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 考查名词。根据句意可知，他们发现他们工作是为了满足和支持他们很快就适应的一种生活方式。‎ ‎31.【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查形容词。根据30题可知应该选择A，习惯于；B，任命；C,独特的；D，可得到的。‎ ‎32.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查副词。上下句有明显的语义转折，所以选择yet然而。‎ ‎33.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词词组。根据句意可知：最后，离开现在工作去为自己坚信的信念去努力或者去找一个可以给他们自己更多时间陪家人的岗位的想法到头来都只得到一个结论，那就是不可能。所以选择D，坚信。A，省去，不考虑；B，交上，归还；C，放弃。‎ ‎34.【答案】C ‎【解析】考查形容词。根据上题可知，答案选C。A，基础的；B，实际的；D，难忘的 ‎35.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据句意可知，他们要偿还贷款，账单和抵押贷款。所以选择D偿还。A，起飞，脱下；B，下降；C，推迟。‎ ‎36.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查形容词。根据句意可知，他们认识到在他们的生活中，他们失去了一些东西。所以选择A ,失去的，不见得；B，激励人心的；C，下沉的；D，闪耀的。‎ ‎37.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查形容词。根据句意可知，但是很难去踏出这条人生轨道。‎ ‎38.【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，在一个常用金钱衡量一切的社会。所以答案选A，衡量，测量；B，遭受；C，消化；D，交付，发表。‎ ‎39.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词。根据句意可知，我们从小就用金钱来考虑我们所做决定的金钱代价。A，灾难；B，动机；C，活动；D，决定。‎ ‎40.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，但是，那些我们在追求金钱而非人生意义时，所涉及的个人和社会代价该怎么办呢？A，评估；B，涉及；C，覆盖；D，减少。‎ ‎【例题3】（2014新课标I）‎ As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working. But 58 after retirement , the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 . And , like the child in January, they go searching for new 60 .‎ ‎41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power ‎42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages ‎ ‎43. A. working  B. living C. playing  D. going ‎44. A. confidence   B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow ‎45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive ‎46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collected D. half-filled ‎47. A. broad  B. passing C. different  D. main ‎48. A. silently  B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly ‎49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game ‎50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement ‎51. A. graduation  B. independence C. responsibility D. success ‎52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees ‎53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously  D. bravely ‎54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D.discovered ‎55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan ‎56. A. great  B. strong C. difficult  D. correct ‎57. A. time  B. money C. skills D. knowledge ‎58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon.‎ ‎59. A. lost B. chose C. left D.quit ‎60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues 答案与解析 ‎【答案】41.A ‎ ‎【解析】根据前面的“As a general rule,”作为一个总则。。。，所以这里在讲总则这样的次，故选A ‎【答案】42.D ‎ ‎【解析】根据后文可知，各个年龄的人都会喜新厌旧，故选age ‎【答案】43.C ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意。“玩”玩具，故用play ‎【答案】44.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意。但是不久，他们的“兴趣”消失了 ‎【答案】45.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意。但是不久，这些玩具就被发现在地下室里。此处的玩具就是指之前非常喜欢玩的玩具，所以用same ‎【答案】46.D ‎ ‎【解析】考查上下文呼应，与下文的unfinished相呼应，所以此处填half-filled，装满一半的 ‎【答案】47.B ‎ ‎【解析】通篇都在说喜新厌旧，所以说代表“过去的兴趣”‎ ‎【答案】48C ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意，同时紧扣主题。开始时，孩子肯定是“高兴的”‎ ‎【答案】49.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。但是不久，“负担”就被转嫁给父母。‎ ‎【答案】50.D ‎ ‎【解析】同上，开始上学时都是高兴的，故选excitement ‎【答案】51.A ‎ ‎【解析】开始高兴，但是马上厌倦，期待“毕业”。‎ ‎【答案】52.C ‎ ‎【解析】全文的行文逻辑，前面说的是小孩，青少年，年轻的成人，那么接下来就是“adult”了 ‎【答案】53.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本逻辑。开始时仍然是“高兴的，渴望的”‎ ‎【答案】54.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查句意。此处应该表示“得到”驾照，故选obtain ‎【答案】55.D ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本逻辑。退休前肯定是“计划做”‎ ‎【答案】56.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本逻辑。计划做的“很棒的事情”‎ ‎【答案】57.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意。上班时没“时间做的事”‎ ‎【答案】58.D ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意。但是“很快”这些事情都失去兴趣 ‎【答案】59.C ‎ ‎【解析】考查基本句意。这些工作像他们刚刚“离开”的工作一样无聊 ‎【答案】60.B ‎ ‎【解析】选toy，与前文呼应，同时toy喻指“兴趣，爱好”‎ ‎【例题4】（2015广东卷）‎ ‎    How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.‎ Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!‎ When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.‎ People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.‎ On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.‎ As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.‎ ‎1. A. discovered            B. selected                 C. improved               D. designed ‎2. A. extremely         B. generally                C. apparently             D. completely ‎ ‎3. A. rapidly                B. harmlessly             C. endlessly               D. separately ‎4. A.desperately          B. hopelessly             C. automatically         D. eventually ‎5. A. busier                 B. longer                    C. richer                     D. happier ‎6. A. finishing             B. waiting                   C. guiding                  D. dividing ‎7. A. stress                 B. damage                 C. decline                   D. failure ‎8. A. enjoy               B.survive                      C. remember              D. value ‎9. A. diseases            B. fears                      C. worries                   D. problems ‎10. A. poor                 B. young                    C. sick                        D. quiet ‎11. A. changes           B. recovery                C. safety                    D. increases ‎12. A. dreams             B. chances                 C. choices              D. strengths ‎ ‎13. A. mind                 B. appearance           C. voice                      D. movement ‎14. A. protection         B. suggestions           C. permission          D. contributions ‎15. A. sound               B. appear                   C. stay                       D. turn ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1.【答案】D ‎ 【解析】根据下文可知，人体的细胞结构限制了人类的寿命，大多数研究老年人的科学家认为人体被设计的寿命不可能超过120岁。‎ ‎2.【答案】A ‎ 【解析】根据常识可知，一个人想要活到110岁，他的身体一定要非常健康，还要足够幸运。‎ ‎3.【答案】C ‎ 【解析】根据句意可知，人体由细胞构成，随着年龄的增长，细胞会衰老，因此此处是指细胞不会永久地繁殖下去。‎ ‎4.【答案】D ‎ 【解析】考查基本句意。细胞衰竭后，我们就会变老，最终老去。‎ ‎5.【答案】B ‎ 【解析】结合下文对两个时期美国人平均寿命的比较可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。‎ ‎6.【答案】D ‎ 【解析】考查固定短语the dividing line分界线。‎ ‎7.【答案】C ‎ 【解析】根据句意，毕竟，一些老年人直到75岁以后才开始感受到身体和精神上的衰退。‎ ‎8.【答案】B ‎ 【解析】与下文died of common childhood对比可知，此处是指与以前相比，现在有更多的人在童年时期存活下来。‎ ‎9. 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】根据本句中的关键词modern medicine和died of可知，此处是指由于以前的医疗技术不发达，所以很多小孩会由于普通的儿童疾病而死亡。 ‎ ‎10.【答案】B ‎ 【解析】根据上文可知，由于医疗条件的改善，人们在年幼的时候死去的概率在降低，这就相应地使得人们长寿的概率在升高。‎ ‎11.【答案】A ‎ 【解析】此处与下一句中的 Some people fear such changes相互照应。 ‎ ‎12.【答案】B ‎ 【解析】前后句子之间为对比关系。‎ ‎13.【答案】A ‎ 【解析】考查基本句意。好多人在退休时依然健康活跃，因此此处是指他们虽然年龄大但是心理上很年轻。‎ ‎14.【答案】D ‎ 【解析】考查基本句意。社会在走向老龄化，因此我们需要这些老龄市民为社会做出的贡献。‎ ‎15.【答案】C ‎ 【解析】考查基本逻辑。根据上一段最后一句中的still active并结合本段中的As the society grows old可知，此处是指随着社会老龄化的发展，老年人需要保持活跃的心态。‎ ‎【例题5】‎ ‎ When your kids were six or seven, you sent them to school. Did you ever wonder what goes through a teacher's __1__ as he or she tries to teach your kids? Did you ever wonder what the teacher __2__ from you，the parents? ‎ Parents can be __3__ or suspicious. They can be of great help to the teacher __4__ be in need of help themselves. Some teachers think parents are too __5__ on their children. Here is __6__ one teacher puts it. “I usually have the __7__ of parents coming in and __8__ me how much they care about the kids' education and how they really __9__ their kids. They tell me they stand and __10__ them closely when they do their homework. Sometimes they __11__ offer help with the kids' lessons as if they were teachers. They check their school work, and are too sensitive to __12__.They blame the kids on everything having to do __13__ school. When a parent asks me how his or her kid is getting on in my class, my answer usually is ‘Well, you know，he is __14__ a good kid. He is fine in my class. Maybe you don't have to be so __15__ with your kid.’” Teachers want parents to know that they are professionals at __16__ with children. They have __17__ many children and even parents. Because of this, teachers can be __18__ at educating children. Teachers are __19__ that parents want their children to do well, but they know more about what children should be able to do at different ages and __20__.‎ ‎1．A.heart B．mind C．soul D．spirit ‎2．A.reflects B．results C．benefits D．expects ‎3．A.effective B．attentive C．supportive D．positive ‎4．A.but B．or C．thus D．as ‎5．A.hard B．keen C．dependent D．crazy ‎6．A.where B．how C．when D．why ‎7．A.problems B．contracts C．accidents D．agreements ‎8．A.advising B．examining C．telling D．instructing ‎9．A.do with B．deal with C．make up D．give up ‎10．A.connect B．guide C．watch D．inspire ‎11．A.even B．already C．still D．merely ‎12．A.marks B．efforts C．pains D．words ‎13．A.at B．beyond C．in D．with ‎14．A.nearly B．really C．seldom D．hardly ‎15．A.satisfied B． careful C．strict D．cautious ‎16．A.working B．playing C．staying D．joking ‎17．A.fed B．observed C．attended D．greeted ‎18．A.pleased B．worried C．disappointed D．experienced ‎19．A.content B．doubtful C．aware D．suspicious ‎20．A.stages B．classes C．schools D．projects 答案与解析：‎ 一些老师认为有些家长对孩子要求过于严格，从而不利于孩子的教育，他们阐明在教育孩子方面，他们才是专家。‎ ‎1．【答案】B ‎【解析】根据语境“你是否想知道老师脑子里想的是什么？”可知B项正确。mind“头脑”。‎ ‎2．【答案】D ‎【解析】“你是否想知道老师对你们的期盼？”expect“期望，盼望”，符合语境。reflect“反射，反映，沉思”；result“发生，产生”；benefit“得益于，得利于”。‎ ‎3．【答案】C ‎【解析】家长可能会很支持老师，也可能怀疑老师的能力。supportive“支持的，给予帮助的”；effective“有效的”；attentive“注意的，专心的”；positive“‎ 肯定的，积极的”。‎ ‎4．【答案】B ‎【解析】通过语意“父母可能对老师很有帮助或者本身很需要帮助”可知答案。or此处表示选择，此句与上句形式一样。‎ ‎5．【答案】A ‎【解析】语意为“一些老师认为家长对孩子太严格”。hard“苛刻的，严厉的”。keen“热心的，渴望的”；dependent“依靠的，依赖的”；crazy“疯狂的”。‎ ‎6．【答案】B ‎【解析】其中一个老师是这样说的。put在这里意为“说，表达”，此处应该用how表示方式。‎ ‎7．【答案】A ‎【解析】通过上下文可知此处讲的是老师会经常遇到一些有关家长教育孩子的问题，因此此处应该用problems。contract“合同”；accident“事故”；agreement“同意，一致”。‎ ‎8．【答案】C ‎【解析】通过句式分析可知此处应该和前面的coming in构成顺承关系，故用telling。一些家长过来告诉我……‎ ‎9．【答案】B ‎【解析】下文讲述的是家长们是如何关注和教育自己的孩子的，故此处应该用deal with“应对，处理”。‎ ‎10．【答案】C ‎【解析】根据语意“家长们站在孩子们旁边，看着自己的孩子做作业”，watch…closely“密切注视”，能够很好地体现出家长们的心情。‎ ‎11．【答案】A ‎【解析】此处用even，意义更进一步，更加形象地表示家长对孩子的关心。“有时他们甚至为孩子提供功课上的帮助，好像他们是老师一样”。‎ ‎12．【答案】A ‎【解析】文中讲的是家长对自己的孩子的关心。家长对孩子的关心无非是孩子的成长和学习成绩，因此此处应该用marks“成绩，分数”。‎ ‎13．【答案】D ‎【解析】be/have....to do with sb./sth.是固定用法，表示“关于，与……有关”。‎ ‎14．【答案】B ‎【解析】根据语境可知老师此处对孩子是肯定的，故用really“真正地，确实地”。‎ ‎15．【答案】C ‎【解析】be strict with“对……严格”，是固定搭配。 ‎ ‎16．【答案】A ‎【解析】句中提到“老师想让家长知道老师在教育孩子方面是专家”，work在此能够表达出老师跟孩子一起，教育孩子这层含义。‎ ‎17．【答案】B ‎【解析】语意为“老师们已经观察过很多学生甚至家长”，从下面一句可知答案。observe“观察，观测”。 ‎ ‎18．【答案】D ‎【解析】老师在教育孩子方面是很有经验的，be experienced at“对……有经验”，是固定搭配。其余选项不合题意。‎ ‎19．【答案】C ‎【解析】老师们意识到家长想让孩子做好。aware“意识到”符合文意。content“满足的”；doubtful“可疑的，不确定的”；suspicious“怀疑的”。‎ ‎20．【答案】A ‎【解析】语意为“老师们更知道在不同的年龄和阶段孩子们应该能够做的事情”。stage“阶段，时期”，符合题意。‎ ‎【要点2】‎ ‎【例题1】 Henry is feeling uncomfortable.He _____ （drink）too much at the party last night.  ‎ ‎【答案】must have drunk ‎【解析】根据句意“他昨晚一定是喝多了”must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测 ‎【例题2】（2016全国卷II）Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.（改错） ‎ ‎【答案】can改为should或删去can ‎【解析】该句前面有suggest（建议）一词，这样后面的句子要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should do，should可省去 ‎【例题3】 One of our rules is that every student      （wear） school uniform while at school.‎ ‎【答案】should wear或wear ‎【解析】rule后面接从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should do，should可省 ‎【例题4】（2012新课标I） Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.（改错） ‎ ‎【答案】must改为could ‎【解析】根据句意，“同时，我发现，只要有更多的耐心，我就能够使玩具持续的更久”所以把must改为could 五.模块自测 I.完形填空：‎ ‎ Every country has its own culture.‎ ‎ Even though each country uses doors, doors may have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences.‎ ‎ When I first to came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different 23 and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word "PUSH" to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word "PULL" to 24 the building. This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.‎ ‎ The way of using school bus doors was also 26 to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doom, 27‎ who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me. I was totally 30 , and my face went red.‎ ‎21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual ‎22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing ‎23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors ‎24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close ‎25. A. main B. same C. front D. back ‎26. A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange ‎27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers ‎28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier ‎29. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly ‎30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited ‎【答案】21-25ACDAC 26-30DBBCA II.语法填空 ‎1.I regret having left the work unfinished; I________(plan) everything ahead carefully.‎ ‎2.As it turned out to be a small house party, we____（not dress）up so formally.‎ ‎3.The plant is dead．I （give）it more water ‎ ‎4.He must be in the classroom， he?‎ ‎5.—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon．‎ ‎ —They be ready by 12：00．‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. should have planned ‎2. needn’t have dressed ‎ ‎3. should have given ‎4. isn’t he ‎5.should