新人教英语选修10典题精讲（Unit 1 Nothing ventured,nothing gained） 5页

典题精讲 经典例题 例 1 _________ and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprised D.To be surprised 思路解析:本题考查形容词短语在句中作状语的用法。surprising 意为“令人惊奇的”，多 用来描述一件事或某个物品的性质;surprised 意为“感到惊奇的”，多用来描述人的心理状态， 故 A、D 两项可排除;C 项从语意上讲多用来指正在发生的动作，从语法上讲多在句中作原 因状语，与此时的情景不符。答案:B 黑色陷阱:本题易错选 C 项。原因是没有准确理解该题需要伴随状语，而非原因状语。 绿色通道:做该类题时，要分清现在分词短语和形容词短语在语法上的区别，是需要伴 随状语还是需要原因状语。[来源:Z,xx,k.Com] 例 2 It was not until she got home __________ Jenifer realized she had lost her keys.[来 源:ZXX K][来源:] A.when B.that C.where D.before 思路解析:强调句的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”。本题强调时间状语从 句。 答案:B 黑色陷阱:本题易错选 C 项。原因是 home 表示地点，容易理解为后面要接定语从句。 绿色通道:解此类题的 关键要准确识别强调句，其次，要记住关系词只能用 that/who。 例 3 There have been several new events __________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A.add B.to add C.adding D.added 思路解析:add 为及物动词,固定搭配为：add sth. to sth.。add 与 new events 之间为动宾关 系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案:D 黑色陷阱:本题易错选 A 项。误把 several new events 作为本题的主语，没有正确理解 该题的结构，该句型没有主语。 绿色通道:解此类题的关键要记住动词的固定搭配 add sth. to sth.并理解 add 与 new events 之间为动宾关系。 例 4 Women ___________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___________ don’t. [来源:学+科+网] A.who;/ B./;who C.who;who D./;/ 思路解析:此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。 答案:C 黑色陷阱:本题易错选 A 项。原因是没有记住关系代词作主语时不能省略，其次，没有 理解 those don’t 为省略结构，相当于 those who don’t drink more than two cups of coffee a day。 绿色通道:做此类题时，要注意前后句子结构的对等关系，且后一个句子常为省略结构。 例 5 The Beatles, ___________ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool. [来源:学.科.网 Z.X.X.K][来源:] A.what B.that C.how D.as 思路解析:根据句子结构和意义可知空格处应选用一个非限制性定语从句的引导词;what 和 how 不引导定语从句，that 不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。 答案:D 黑色陷阱:本题易错选 C 项。误认为 how many 为固定搭配。 绿色通道:该题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。做此类题时，一是要正确判断 先行词，二是要弄清引导词在定语从句中所作的成分。 例 6 Fitness is importan t in sport,but of at least ___________ importance are skills. A.fair B.reasonable C.equal [来源:学.科.网] D.proper 思路解析:该句的正常语序为...but skills are of at least impo rtance。equal importance 表 示“同等重要的”。 答案:C [来源:学_科_网] 黑色陷阱:本题易错选其他几项。fair 表示“公平的，公正的”， reasonable 表示“合理的”， proper 表示“恰当的”。 [来源:Z|xx|k.Com] 例 7 Russ and Earl were auto mechanics ___________ the same pay,but Earl had more ambition. A.to earn B.to have earned C.earning D.earned 思路解析:分析句子结构可知，该空格处的 earn 与 Russ and Earl 构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 所以用 earning。 答案:C 黑色陷阱:本题易错选 A 项。虽然不定式可作定语，但语意关系不对，不定式往往表示 未发生的动作。 [来源:Z|xx|k.Com] 绿色通道:现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作;过去 分词作定语强调动作的完成和被 动;动词不定式作定语表示即将发生。 志鸿原创题 Table Manners:a Cultural Difference For many Westerners,the Chinese dinner table is terra incognita([拉]未发现的地域).There are no forks or knives for the Westerners to use .The Chinese host makes great,sweeping（大范围 的）arm movements that go over large sections of the table passing over both food and friends alike.The scene is fantastic（非常好的）,but it leaves many foreigners at a loss（让……迷惑）for what to do.In most Western restaurants and homes there are rules about how to talk,eating and sitting are highly restrictive,and they create an atmosphere（气氛）that is completely different from what we find here in China.In my childhood home,dinner was enjoyed with hushed(压低声音 的)voices,and the topics open for discussion were very much restricted.We were not allowed to bring up anything that was potentially unappetizing （ 倒 胃 口 的 ） ;body functions （ 上 洗 手 间）,bugs,murder and mayhem（使人肢体伤残的行为）in general were all strictly forbidden topics. If I had to leave the table to use the toilet,I had to verbally excuse myself without mentioning what it was that I was going to do.“May I be excused,please?I need to wash my hands,” I would say. As for eating,we did it quietly.No eating noises were allowed. Everything must be done as quietly as possible.The refore,we had to eat with our mouths closed.To make a “smacking” noise was,perhaps,the worst offence possible.While drinking soup or coffee or wi ne “slurping”（咕嘟咕嘟地喝）was also f orbidden.If any sound whatever was created by our intake of food or beverage（饮料）,it constituted（构成）bad manners！With that in mind,it was,of course,unthinkable to speak with one’s mouth full of food,so speaking only occurred（发生）before or after one had taken in food and swallowed（吞咽）it. How one sits at the table is also prescribed（被规定的）.One is to sit up straight with the recessive（非主导的，隐性的）hand (usually the left)in one’s lap holding a napkin（餐巾）while t he dominant hand (usually the right)holds the fork or spoon.The only time one is allowed to have both hands on the table is when one i s using a knife to cut something,but as soon as the cutting is done,the recessive hand goes back to the lap.Also,elbows （ 肘 ） are not allowed on the table.Therefore,one props（撑着）the arm against the edge of the table just below the elbow.One should never reach for（伸手拿）any food on the tabl e ;one should ask someone sitting near it to give it to you.“Would you please pass the potatoes?” “May I trouble you for the salt?” These are phrases that you are likely to hear on any given night of the week at a family dinner. When a guest comes from the West to enjoy a meal with you,it would be a good idea for you to explain to your guest what will happen at dinner and to find out if a fork would be easier to use than chopsticks（筷子）.In my time in China,I have come to enjoy Chinese table manners far more th an those prescribed by my own culture,but for ma ny it is impossible to adjust（适应）.The best policy is to ask your guest questions to find out what he or she is comfortable with. 1.What country do you think the writer come from? A.America. B.China. C.Japanese. [来源:.Com] D.Egypt. 思路解析：答案 A。文中有多处显示作者的国家。其中最明显的地方就是文章最后一段 中“I have come to enjoy Chinese table manners far more than those prescribed by my own culture”这句话。 黑色陷阱:文章第一段“In most Western restaurants and homes...that is completely different from what we find here in China.In my childhood home ,dinner was enjoyed with...”。容易让 读者觉得作者似乎是中国人。而答案却在最后最明显。 绿色通道:做这种题时，要注意文章所有的信息，不要以为第一道题肯定就会在最前面 寻找答案。 2.From the passage we can infer that ___________. A.the Chinese dinner table is terra incognita B.no speaking can occurred（发生）before or after one had taken in food and swallowed（吞 咽）it C.many foreigners are puzzled at the Chinese dinner table D.one should never reach for（伸手拿）any food on the table 思路解析:答案 C。由文章第一段中第四句话“The scene is fantastic（非常好的）,but it leaves many foreigners at a loss（让……迷惑）for what to do”可以推知。 黑色陷阱:这道题有两个陷阱:一是 A。二是 D。这两个选项都用了文章中正确的句子， 容易错选。 绿色通道:这种题要注意题干中的关键词 infer“推断出”。应选择根据文章推论出的选项。 而文中已有的语句是不会入选的。 3.When a gues t comes from other countries to enjoy a meal with you,what will be a good idea for you according to the writer? A.To explain to your guest what will happen at dinner and to find out if a fork would be easier to use than knife. B.The best policy is to ask your guest questions to find out what he or she is comfortable with. C.You should never reach for（伸手拿）any food on the table. [来源:][来源:Z*xx*k.Com] D.You have to eat with your mouth closed. [来源:.Com] 思路解析:答案 B。 黑色陷阱:本题每个选项都有陷阱。尤其是 A 选项。 绿色通道:多注意细节，注意每个选项所表述的完整含义，不要急躁。 4.What’s the meaning of the word “restrictive” in the first paragraph? A.受限制的 B.受欢迎的 C.难过的 D.高兴的 答案:A 志鸿巧学法园地 如何突破非谓语动词？ 非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几条规则就去乱套。 真正掌握非谓语动词的用法要具备以下知识: 1）具备句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句和复合句，并能分析较复杂的长句、难句。 2）具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾语动词和复合 宾语动词。 理解非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别;不定式、分词作 宾语不足语的区别;不定式、分词作状语的区别;不定式、分词作定语的区别。 [来源:学。科。网 Z。X。X。K] 解答非谓语动词的题目时，一般要遵循以下思路: 1）解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能; 2）找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语的关系（主动还是被动）; 3）搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词时态; 4）将该选项放入空格中，看看能否句意通顺，完成交际任务。