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考点十四 短文改错
三年全国卷考情分析
考点考频
名词 3年10考
冠词 3年7考
代词 3年6考
介词 3年7考
连词 3年13考
形容词/副词 3年21考
动词 3年13考
非谓语动词 3年9考
预测说明
从语法考点来看，预计2020年高考以考查动词、名词、形容词和副词为主，其中代词和连词的考查频率也比较高
解题流程
初读全文，了解大意→逐句研读，认真改错→审查句子结构，仔细推敲→改后复读，纠正失误，减少差错
做题原则
四不改：①单词拼写错误不改；②大小写不改；③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；④标点符号不改
五原则：①忠实原文原则(不改变原文的原意)；②错误以改动最少为原则；③虚词以添加或删除为原则；④实词以改变形式为原则；⑤以多改、少添加或删除为原则
Passage 1
限时7分钟
Do you believe love is the most important? In the early twenty century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in that they received little love. At one time, Dr Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage or had a young girl look them each day. He also studied another twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long. He followed these children not until they grew up, and the results were shocked. The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses. However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently. The only difference between the life of these children—the love, made a great difference to us.
答案：
Do you believe love is the most important? In the early century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in they received little love. At one time, Dr Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage had a young girl look them each day. He also studied another twelve children who left
in the orphanage all day long. He followed these children until they grew up, and the results were . The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses. However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and . The only difference between the of these children—the love, made a great difference to .
1．twenty→twentieth 考查数词。表示二十世纪，不用基数词要用序数词，故将twenty改为twentieth。
2．that→which 考查定语从句的引导词。句中包含定语从句，修饰先行词orphanages，关系词在定语从句中作状语，表地点，故定语从句用“介词＋which”引导，相当于where，故将that改为which。
3．or→and 考查连词。此处指Dr Skeels从孤儿院领出了12个孩子，并且让一个年轻女孩照顾他们。前后句是并列关系，不是转折，故将or改为and。
4．look后加after 考查动词短语。此处表示照顾，是look after，故look后加after。
5．are→were 考查动词的时态。此处指被留在孤儿院的另外12个孩子，故事发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故将are改为were。
6．删除not 考查连词。until “直到……时”，not until “直到……才”，此处指他密切关注这些孩子直到他们长大，根据句意删除not。
7．shocked→shocking 考查形容词。此处表示结果是令人震惊的，用shocking。
8．independently→independent 考查形容词。此处作系动词were的表语，和and前的形容词healthy并列，也用形容词，故将independently改为independent。
9．life→lives 考查名词。此处指这些被调查的孩子的生活，用复数形式。故将life改为lives。
10．us→them 考查代词。此处指代these children，用they的宾格，故将us改为them。
Passage 2
限时7分钟
Yesterday morning I was on my way to work. Suddenly I stopped by a woman on the sidewalk. She asked me if I knew how to get to CASS, that is a local shelter for the homeless. I could tell she was extreme upset, so I told her I'd look it up for her on my smartphones. While waiting, she told me she was losing and didn't have money
for the bus. I took out of a 20dollar bill from my purse but handed it to her. Then I accompany her to the nearest bus stop. See the happy smile on her face brightened up my day, either.
答案：
Yesterday morning I was on my way to work. Suddenly I stopped by a woman on the sidewalk. She asked me if I knew how to get to CASS, is a local shelter for the homeless. I could tell she was upset, so I told her I'd look it up for her on my . While waiting, she told me she was and didn't have money for the bus. I took out a 20dollar bill from my purse handed it to her. Then I her to the nearest bus stop. the happy smile on her face brightened up my day, .
1．I后加was 考查谓语动词以及动词的语态。根据“stopped by a woman”可知，此处是被动语态，句中缺少be动词，主语是I，时间为一般过去式，故在I后面加was。
2．that→which 考查定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是CASS，指物，故将that改为which。
3．extreme→extremely 考查副词。副词可以用来修饰形容词，故将extreme改为extremely。
4．smartphones→smartphone 考查名词。此处指“我”的手机，用单数形式。故将smartphones改为smartphone。
5．losing→lost 考查形容词。形容词lost表示“迷路的”。故将losing改为lost。
6．去掉of 考查介词。此处表示“拿出”用“take out”，of多余，故去掉。
7．but→and 考查连词。此处前后表示顺承关系，而非转折，故将but改为and。
8．accompany→accompanied 考查动词的时态。本文的时态为一般过去时，故将accompany改为accompanied。
9．See→Seeing 考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语，故将See改为Seeing。
10．either→too 考查副词。表示肯定的“也”用too而非“either”。故将either改为too。
Passage 3
限时6分钟
The moment I stepped in high school, I have made up my mind to study hard for the purpose of entering the good university. In the first year, I made a lot of new friends, all of who were so excellent. I felt great pressure during the second year. My scores went up or down and I felt so worrying. I told me that I needed relaxation. Listen to music was a good way. Besides, I would like talk with my friends, because they understood me. We would have some tea in the shop and then share secret. When we laughed out happy, all the annoyance would disappear.
答案：
The moment I stepped in high school, I made up my mind to study hard for the purpose of entering good university. In the first year, I made a lot of new friends, all of were so excellent. I felt great pressure during the second year. My scores went up down and I felt so . I told that I needed relaxation. to music was a good way. Besides, I would like talk with my friends, because they understood me. We would have some tea in the shop and then share . When we laughed out ， all the annoyance would disappear.
1．去掉have 考查动词的时态。根据前面“The moment I stepped in”可知应该用一般过去时。
2．the→a'考查冠词。此处表示“一所好的学校”，是泛指。
3．who→whom'考查定语从句的引导词。前面有of，故用who的宾格形式whom。
4．or→and'考查连词。up and down“上上下下”，固定用法。
5．worrying→worried'考查形容词。表示人“担心的”用worried。
6．me→myself'考查反身代词。此处表示“我告诉我自己”用反身代词myself。
7．Listen→Listening'考查非谓语动词。动名词作主语用Listening。
8．talk前加to 考查固定用法。would like to do意为“想做某事”。
9．secret→secrets'考查名词。secret是可数名词，此处指“分享秘密”用复数形式。
10．happy→happily'考查副词。修饰动词laugh要用副词happily。
Passage 4
限时8分钟
Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Some m
entioned the inspired Chinese Dream that was put forward by President Xi. And others talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We are all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. I had always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people's life but they also are doing a respectably job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life without their professional knowledge. To realize my dream, I should try to work hardly from now on. I must learn as much as I can get into a good medical college, which I can prepare myself fully for the job of a doctor.
答案：
Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Some mentioned the Chinese Dream that was put forward by President Xi. And others talked enthusiastically about understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. I always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people's but they also are doing a job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life their professional knowledge. To realize my dream, I should try to work from now on. I must learn as much as I can get into a good medical college, I can prepare myself fully for the job of a doctor.
1．inspired→inspiring 考查形容词。inspired为由过去分词转化来的形容词，inspiring为由现在分词转化来的形容词，本句中，inspire和Chinese Dream之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词转化来的形容词作定语，故把inspired改为inspiring。
2．his→their 考查代词。分析句子可知，是其他人热情地谈论了他们(their)对中国梦的理解，而不是他的(his)。故把his改为their。
3．去掉are 考查动词。本句中的主语是we，谓语动词是believe，所以are是多余的。而且从语法的角度来说，are后不能直接跟动词原形。故去掉are。
4．had→have 考查动词的时态。本句意是说“我一直想成为一名医生”，应该用现在完成时，而不是过去完成时，故把had改为have。
5．life→lives 考查名词。分析句子可知，本句说作为医生是能挽救许多人的性命。表示“生命” life为可数名词。故把life改为lives。
6．respectably→respectable 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处需要修饰名词，所以不能用副词，而要用形容词，意为“令人尊敬的”，故把respectably改为respectable。
7．without→with 考查介词。根据句意可知，本句指的是医生也可以用专业知识帮助人们过上更好的生活。而without意为“没有，无”，因此改为with。
8．hardly→hard 考查副词。work hard意为“努力工作”，其中hard意为“努力地”。而hardly意为“几乎不，简直不”。故把hardly改为hard。
9．can后加to 考查动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子可知，“我”必须尽“我”所能，以便上一所好的医学院。因此can后缺少动词不定式符号to。故在can后加to。
10．which→where 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，本句中“a good medical college”为先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语，且表示地点。故把which改为where。
Passage 5
限时7分钟
The environment pollution is more and more seriously today. We have no clean water to drink it because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear. There was more and more dirty smoke in the air. People's health has been greatly affecting by air, noise and water pollution. Many people have died of disease caused by pollution. In order to live the better life, it's time for us to protect our world.
Firstly, we shouldn't throw away rubbish everywhere. And we should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution. Use things so long as possible. Don't use plastic bags. Besides, we must plant more trees and stop people cut them down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful.
答案：
The environment pollution is more and more today. We have no clean water to drink because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear. There more and more dirty smoke in the air. People's health has been greatly by air, noise and water pollution. Many people have died of caused by pollution. In order to live better life, it's time for us to protect our world.
Firstly, we shouldn't throw away rubbish everywhere. And we should recycle, reduce and reuse things, saves money and reduces pollution. Use things
long as possible. Don't use plastic bags. Besides, we must plant more trees and stop people them down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful.
1．seriously→serious 考查形容词。作表语应用形容词。
2．去掉it 考查动词不定式作后置定语。“have no clean water to drink”中drink的宾语是“no clean water”，故it多余，需去掉。
3．trees后加are 考查动词的语态。主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
4．was→is 考查动词的时态。上下文时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时。
5．affecting→affected 考查动词的语态。此处指人类健康受到影响，故应用被动语态。
6．disease→diseases 考查名词。此处表示“多种疾病”，故用名词复数形式。
7．the→a 考查冠词。这里表示泛指，意为“过更好的生活”，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故将the改为a。
8．what→which 考查定语从句的引导词。what不能用来引导定语从句，只能用来引导名词性从句，在定语从句中，指代前面的内容，表示“这一点，这件事”，并且是非限制性定语从句，应用which来引导。
9．so→as 考查固定结构。as＋形容词/副词原级＋as，在否定句中可把第一个as换成so，但是其他情况下不能把as换成so。
10．cut→cutting 考查非谓语动词。stop sb. (from) doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”。
Passage 6
限时7分钟
Daniel was born with a brain disorder. Because of it, he was differently from other children. As a boy, he likes to play alone and acted strangely. To many of his classmate, Daniel seemed unusual and we laughed at him. This hurt Daniel deeply, but he became very shy. As a teenager, things were changed. Daniel found he could solve difficult maths problems almost instantly. He also discovered other talent: he could learn to speak a language very quickly. Today, he is fluent in twelfth languages. As adult, Daniel has overcome his shyness. He has written two books and now he travels constantly to talk to people with his life.
答案：
Daniel was born with a brain disorder. Because of it, he was from other children. As a boy, he to play alone and acted strangely. To many of
his ， Daniel seemed unusual and laughed at him. This hurt Daniel deeply, he became very shy. As a teenager, things changed. Daniel found he could solve difficult maths problems almost instantly. He also discovered talent: he could learn to speak a language very quickly. Today, he is fluent in languages. As adult, Daniel has overcome his shyness. He has written two books and now he travels constantly to talk to people his life.
1．differently→different 考查形容词。 结合前面的系动词was可知，此处是be different from “与……不同”，故改为形容词different作表语。
2．likes→liked 考查动词的时态。综合全文，讲述过去的事情即介绍Daniel还是小男孩时的情况，因此此处应该为一般过去时，故将likes改为liked。
3．classmate→classmates 考查名词。结合前面的many可知，后面的名词应该是复数形式，故将classmate改为classmates。
4．we→they 考查代词。结合语境，此处表示他的很多同学嘲笑他，故将we改为they。
5．but→so/and 考查连词。根据语境，此处表示由于这深深伤害了他，因此他变得很害羞，同学们嘲笑Daniel让Daniel很受伤和Daniel变得很害羞这两件事并不是转折关系，而是因果或并列关系，因此把but改成so/and。
6．删除were 考查动词的语态。根据语境，此处表示事情发生了变化，是一种主动的行为，故将were删除。
7．other→another 考查限定词。other后加可数名词复数形式，而且talent后有一个冒号，在解释说明talent的内容，他能够很快地学会一门新语言。这是一种技能，是除了“他能很快解决数学难题”外的“另一”技能，故把other改成another。
8．twelfth→twelve 考查数词。结合语境，此处表示他已经能够很流利地说12种语言了，此处表示数量，而不是第十二种语言，因此将twelfth改为twelve。
9．adult前加an 考查冠词。结合语境，adult是可数名词，而且根据前文“as a boy”， “as a teenager”可知，这里是as an adult。此处表示作为一个成年人，他克服了他的害羞，因此在adult前加an。
10．with→about 考查介词。此处是talk to sb. about sth. “和某人谈论某事”，因此将with改为about。
Passage 7
限时7分钟
People used to communicate with each other through letters and public phones. So nowadays they use mobile phones and the Internet instead of. This change in communication have good effects on our works and life. Comparing with letters and public phones, mobile phones and the Internet are fast and much more convenient. If you missed your grandmother, you just take out your phone and say “hello” to him. And she will be happy to hear your voice. If you want to place order with a foreign company, you can email the message. It'll be minutes after you get their reply.
答案：
People used to communicate with each other through letters and public phones. nowadays they use mobile phones and the Internet instead . This change in communication good effects on our and life. with letters and public phones, mobile phones and the Internet are and much more convenient. If you your grandmother, you just take out your phone and say “hello” to . And she will be happy to hear your voice. If you want to place order with a foreign company, you can email the message. It'll be minutes you get their reply.
1．So→But 考查连词。前后两个单句之间是转折关系而非因果关系，用连词but，因此将So改为But。
2．去掉of 考查介词。instead意为“替代，顶替”，是副词，instead of意为“(用……)代替……”，是介词短语，此处应是用副词“替代，顶替”，因此去掉of。
3．have→has 考查主谓一致。主语change是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数形式has，故将have改为has。
4．works→work 考查名词。此处work “工作”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此将works改为work。
5．Comparing→Compared 考查非谓语动词。mobile phones and the Internet与compare之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语Compared with letters and public phones作状语，因此将Comparing改为Compared。
6．fast→faster 考查形容词比较级。and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，faster和much more convenient都是形容词比较级作并列表语，因此将fast改为faster。
7．missed→miss 考查动词的时态。本文讲述的是一般事实，用一般现在时态，故将missed改为miss。
8．him→her 考查代词。her指代grandmother，故将him改为her。
9．place后加an 考查冠词。order是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词表示泛指，因其读音以发元音开头，用不定冠词an，因此在place后加an。
10．after→before 考查连词。It＋be＋一段时间＋beforeclause表示“过一段时间才……”，因此将after改为before。
Passage 8
限时6分钟
Ten years ago, my hometown is a small and poor city with few factories. And the citizens had few choice on transportation. However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy. The citizens' living conditions have been greatly improve and their lifestyles are different from in the past. Shop online has become popular. When they comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of traveling beside public transportation. The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with confident.
答案：
Ten years ago, my hometown a small and poor city with few factories. And the citizens had few on transportation. However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy. The citizens' living conditions have been greatly and their lifestyles are different from the past. online has become popular. When comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of traveling public transportation. The best change is all the people are living a hopeful life with .
1．is→was 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Ten years ago，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，因此将is改为was。
2．choice→choices 考查名词。few修饰可数名词复数，因此将choice改为choices。
3．on后加a 考查冠词。a new look泛指“呈现一片新面貌”，因此在on后加a。
4．improve→improved 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：人民的生活条件有了很大的改善，生活方式与过去不同。谓语动词是现在完成时的被动语态，因此将improve改为improved。
5．去掉in 考查介词。different from “与…… 不同”，故去掉in。
6．Shop→Shopping 考查非谓语动词。此处动名词作主语，因此将Shop改为Shopping。
7．they→it 考查代词。when it comes to ... 固定句式，“谈到……时”，因此将they改为it。
8．beside→besides 考查介词。besides介词，“除了……之外，还……”；beside “在……旁边”，本句想说明的是除了大众交通方式以外的私家车出行也变得普遍，因此将beside改为besides。
9．which→that 考查表语从句。这是一个表语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分，用that，因此将which改为that。
10．confident→confidence 考查名词。介词后接名词作宾语，因此将confident改为confidence。
Passage 9
限时7分钟
When it came to city and country life, I think they all have their own advantages and disadvantages. For city life, you know, the traffic is too convenient that you can arrange your life flexible and easily. At same time, there are many great opportunity for you when looking for jobs. Also, there is no doubt that the quality of life is fantastic. Unfortunately, lived in cities, you will suffer much stress and heavy air pollution.
For country life, as we all know it, the life is peaceful and the environment is beautiful, which is both good for your health. Therefore, it is inconvenient for people to go out. Besides, the communication isn't easy.
答案：
When it to city and country life, I think they have their own advantages and disadvantages. For city life, you know, the traffic is convenient that you can arrange your life and easily. At same time, there are many
great for you when looking for jobs. Also, there is no doubt that the quality of life is fantastic. Unfortunately, in cities, you will suffer much stress and heavy air pollution.
For country life, as we all know ， the life is peaceful and the environment is beautiful, which both good for your health. , it is inconvenient for people to go out. Besides, the communication isn't easy.
1．came→comes 考查动词的时态。全文用一般现在时，描述作者的观点，故此处也应用一般现在时。
2．all→both 考查代词。they指代的是上文city and country life两种情况，应用both。
3．too→so 考查固定句型。so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”。
4．flexible→flexibly 考查副词。修饰动词arrange应用副词。
5．At后加the 考查固定搭配。at the same time “与此同时”。
6．opportunity→opportunities 考查名词。前有many修饰，故用复数形式opportunities。
7．lived→living 考查非谓语动词。主语you与live之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
8．去掉it 考查as引导的定语从句。因as作关系代词，在句中作know的宾语，故去掉it。
9．is→are 考查主谓一致。which指代上文两种情况，故谓语动词用复数形式。
10．Therefore→However 考查副词。表转折关系，且在本句中作副词，应用however, 意为“然而”。
Passage 10
限时7分钟
Mao Zhaomu drop out of high school several years ago. Now the selftaught English learner has been admitted to one of China's top foreign language university, Sichuan International Studies University, that he used to deliver food to students. Mao once worked a delivery man for a restaurant. And he chatted happy with English learners online in her spare time. There were much grammatical mistakes, but that didn't prevent him from chatting. To seize every chance to study English, he would memorize words while wait for customers. Mao said that how he hoped very much to become an interpreter.
Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is a loveliest person.
答案：
Mao Zhaomu out of high school several years ago. Now the selftaught English learner has been admitted to one of China's top foreign language ， Sichuan International Studies University, he used to deliver food to students. Mao once worked a delivery man for a restaurant. And he chatted with English learners online in spare time. There were grammatical mistakes, but that didn't prevent him from chatting. To seize every chance to study English, he would memorize words while for customers. Mao said that he hoped very much to become an interpreter. Whoever a dream and dares to seek it is a loveliest person.
1．drop→dropped 考查动词的时态。几年前，毛朝牧从高中辍学。根据时间状语“several years ago”可知，用一般过去时。故将drop改为dropped。
2．university→universities 考查名词。句意：现在，这位自学英语的人已经被中国一流的外国语学院录取。因为one of后用名词复数形式。故将university改为universities。
3．that→where 考查定语从句的引导词。句中先行词为Sichuan International Studies University，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故将that改为where。
4．worked后加as 考查介词。短语work as意为“任……职，当……”。故在worked后加as。
5．happy→happily 考查副词。在他空余时间，他愉快地与英语学习者在线交谈。动词chatted后用副词修饰。故将happy改为happily。
6．her→his 考查人称代词。根据主语he可知，这里用his。故将her改为his。
7．much→many 考查限定词。虽然有很多语法错误，但那并不阻止他交谈。因为grammatical mistakes为可数名词复数形式，故前用many修饰。故将much改为many。
8．wait→waiting 考查非谓语动词。当等顾客的时候，他会记单词。逻辑主语he与wait之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故将wait改为waiting。
9．去掉how 考查宾语从句。毛说，他希望成为一名口译员。根据句意可知，这里不需要how。故将how去掉。
10．have→has 考查主谓一致。任何有梦想并敢于追求梦想的人都是最可爱的人。句中主语为Whoever，故谓语用单数。故将have改为has。
Passage 11
限时8分钟
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation, our private car will make your visits difficult. Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you will have no trouble to communicating with them. Above all, they hosted the American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience. In addition, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay here.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation, private car will make your visits . Because all the family members can speak English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you will have no trouble / communicating with them. Above all, they hosted American student last year, through they gained lots of experience. In addition, the cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay here.
Yours，
Li Hua
1．arranged后加for 考查固定搭配。arrange for sb. to do sth. “安排某人做某事”。
2．Locating→Located 考查非谓语动词。be located in “位于”，此处是用过去分词作状语。
3．was→is 考查动词的时态。根据全文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。
4．our→their 考查代词。指代前文的host family，故用their。
5．difficult→easy 考查形容词。由上文“Apart from the convenient ...”可知此处进一步描述交通的便捷，故改为easy。
6．fluently→fluent 考查形容词。修饰English应用形容词fluent，意为“流利的英语”。
7．去掉to或to→in 考查固定用法。have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事很困难”。
8．the→an 考查冠词。表泛指且第一次出现，应用不定冠词，且American的发音以元音音素开头，故将the改为an。
9．that→which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，指物，且直接用于介词之后，关系代词需用which而不是that。
10．hostess→hostess's 考查名词的所有格。以s结尾的名词加's，变成所有格形式。
Passage 12
限时8分钟
A group of exchange students visited our school in last week. To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, I lead them to the tea room in our school and introduced the history of tea culture to them. To my delightful, they all found my introduction interesting. Then I showed them what to make tea. I sat at a table, slowly explain every step of the process while making tea. All of them were too amazed that they couldn't wait have a try themselves. Soon the atmosphere in the tea room became cheerfully and lively and we had a lot of funs practicing making tea. In an end, we took a group photo to memorize this unforgettable moment.
答案：
A group of exchange students visited our school last week. To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, I them to the tea room in our school and introduced the history of tea culture to them. To my ， they all found my
introduction interesting. Then I showed them to make tea. I sat at a table, slowly every step of the process while making tea. All of them were amazed that they couldn't wait have a try themselves. Soon the atmosphere in the tea room became and lively and we had a lot of practicing making tea. In end, we took a group photo to memorize this unforgettable moment.
1．去掉in 考查介词。last week “上周”前面不加介词。
2．lead→led 考查动词的时态。时间是上周，谓语动词用一般过去时。
3．delightful→delight 考查名词。 my后面接名词delight。
4．what→how 考查副词。此处表示怎样沏茶，用how。
5．explain→explaining 考查非谓语动词。explain与其逻辑主语I是主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
6．too→so 考查固定用法。so...that...“太……以至于……”，固定用法。
7．wait后加to 考查动词不定式。can't wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”，固定用法。
8．cheerfully→cheerful 考查形容词。become ＋ adj. 表示“变得……”。
9．funs→fun 考查名词。fun是不可数名词，无复数形式。
10．an→the 考查冠词。in the end “最后”，固定用法。
Passage 13
限时8分钟
One month before, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low spirit because of my poor performance. When I was at the loss and on the point of giving up, my head teacher comforted me and discuss with me the reasons for my failure in the exam. More unforgettable, he managed to help me with my study and inspired us. Determined to live up the expectations of my teachers and my parents, I devoted myself to solve all the problems in my study and then made progress. I'm more than grateful for that he has done for me. I've got to know it is never too much late to get back when there is still hope.
答案：
One month ， with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I
was nervous and in low because of my poor performance. When I was at loss and on the point of giving up, my head teacher comforted me and with me the reasons for my failure in the exam. More ， he managed to help me with my study and inspired . Determined to live up the expectations of my teachers and my parents, I devoted myself to all the problems in my study and then made progress. I'm more than grateful for he has done for me. I've got to know it is never too late to get back when there is still hope.
1.before→ago 考查副词。根据语境可知，在考试前的一个月，由于高考临近，作者紧张、焦虑。表示从事情发生到现在时间过去了一个月，应用ago，而不能用before。
2.spirit→spirits 考查名词。in low spirits “情绪低落”，为固定短语。
3.the→a 考查固定搭配。at a loss “不知所措”，不用the。
4.discuss→discussed 考查动词的时态。此句中and连接两个并列谓语，即comforted和discussed，所以discuss用过去时。
5.unforgettable→unforgettably 考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，而unforgettable “令人难忘的”是形容词，所以要改为副词unforgettably。
6.us→me 考查代词。由上下文语境知此处要表达他帮助“我”，鼓励“我”，而不是“我们”，故将us改为me。
7.up后加to 考查固定短语。根据语境可知，是为了不辜负老师们的期望，live up to the expectations of sb.为固定短语，意为“不辜负某人的期望”。
8.solve→solving 考查非谓语动词。devote ... to “致力于，专心于”，to为介词，后面要接动名词或名词。
9.that→what或that前加all 考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，“我”感激他为“我”做的一切。for为介词，后为宾语从句，从句缺宾语，所以用what或that前加all。
10.删除much 考查副词。never too late to get back意为“(只要有希望，)再晚回头也不晚”。故删除much。
Passage 14
限时6分钟
Last week you visited my school, and on the last day of your tour a farewell party held at the Students Centre. During the party I sat the next to you. When we left,
we took each other's notebook on mistake. I noticed this when I open it and found your name or your phone number in it. I am sending your notebooks by post to you. Will you please sending mine to me at the address where is given in my letter? Thank you very much. I extreme expect you can visit my school again if it is convenient for me.
答案：
Last week you visited my school, and on the last day of your tour a farewell party held at the Students Centre. During the party I sat next to you. When we left, we took each other's notebook mistake. I noticed this when I it and found your name your phone number in it. I am sending your by post to you. Will you please mine to me at the address is given in my letter? Thank you very much. I expect you can visit my school again if it is convenient for .
1.held前加was 考查动词的语态。a farewell party被举行，用被动语态，句中缺少be动词，时间是过去时，主语是单数第三人称，故用was。
2.去掉the 考查冠词。sit next to ... “坐在……旁边”不加冠词。
3.on→by 考查介词。 by mistake “错误地；由于差错”，固定用法。
4.open→opened 考查动词的时态。根据“noticed”可知时间是过去，谓语动词用一般过去时。
5.or→and 考查连词。此处前后表示并列，用and。
6.notebooks→notebook 考查名词。此处指一本notebook，用单数。
7.sending→send 考查动词。will后面用动词原形。
8.where→which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。此处先行词为address，引导词在从句中作主语，用which/that。
9.extreme→extremely 考查副词。修饰动词expect用副词extremely。
10.me→you 考查代词。此处指“对你来说是方便的”，故将me改为you。
Passage 15
限时7分钟
I still remember how I become a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing the table tennis. Amazed at how
skillful they were, I was determined to be just as good. Late on, I often watched them carefully learn their techniques. Then I kept practiced until I became confident enough to challenge him. At the end of the term I became one of the best player in my class.
I am really proud in this experience. It helps me realize what we all can fulfill our potential and have our goals achieve through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”
答案：
I still remember how I a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing table tennis. Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to be just as good. on, I often watched them carefully learn their techniques. Then I kept until I became confident enough to challenge . At the end of the term I became one of the best in my class.
I am really proud this experience. It helps me realize we all can fulfill our potential and have our goals through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”
1.become→became 考查动词的时态。句意：我仍然记得我是如何成为一个优秀的乒乓球运动员的。本文是作者回忆自己成为一名优秀运动员的经历，因此用一般过去时，因此become改为became。
2.去掉table前的the 考查冠词。句意：我上高中的第一天，我看到我的一些同学打乒乓球。球类运动前不加冠词，因此去掉the。
3.Late→Later 考查副词。later on固定短语，“后来，随后”，因此将Late改为Later。
4.carefully后加to 考查非谓语动词。此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语，因此在carefully后加to。
5.practiced→practicing 考查非谓语动词。keep doing “不断做……，坚持做……”，动名词作宾语，因此将practiced改为practicing。
6.him→them 考查代词。此处指代“打乒乓球的同学们”，因此将him改为them。
7.player→players 考查名词。one of “……之一”，后接可数名词复数，因此将player改为players。
8.in→of 考查介词。be proud of固定短语，“以……自豪”，因此将in改为of。
9.what→that 考查宾语从句的连接词。此处是that引导的宾语从句，作realize的宾语，因此将what改为that。
10.achieve→achieved 考查非谓语动词。our goals和achieve在逻辑上构成动宾关系，此处过去分词作宾补，因此将achieve改为achieved。
Passage 16
限时8分钟
Dear Jin Jing，
Your problem is common one among middle school students. Maybe the following advices can help you. First in all, believe in yourself. Your greatest problem is that you lack selfconfidence. The first thing you must do it is to smile at your classmates. One smile speaks loud about your wish to make friends than any word. Your smile will show that you are friendly to him. Next, trying talking with a student who is as shy as you or who share the same interest as you. You can discuss your studies with a classmate and you can also talk about your hobbies. Unless someone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her. Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as possibly.
Yours，
Lily
答案：
Dear Jin Jing，
Your problem is common one among middle school students. Maybe the following can help you. First all, believe in yourself. Your greatest problem is that you lack selfconfidence. The first thing you must do is to smile at your classmates. One smile speaks about your wish to make friends than any word. Your smile will show that you are friendly to . Next, talking with a student who is as shy as you or who the same interest as you. You can d
iscuss your studies with a classmate and you can also talk about your hobbies. someone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her. Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as .
Yours，
Lily
1.is后加a 考查冠词。a common one “一个常见的(问题)”。
2.advices→advice 考查名词。advice “建议”，是不可数名词。
3.in→of 考查固定短语。first of all “首先；最重要的是”。
4.去掉it 考查定语从句。The first thing (that) you must do中，关系代词that作do的宾语，可省略，故it是多余的。
5.loud→louder 考查副词的比较级。由后面的than可知，应用比较级形式。
6.him→them 考查代词。指代前文中的名词classmates，故用代词them。
7.trying→try 考查祈使句。在祈使句中需用动词原形。
8.share→shares 考查主谓一致。先行词是a student，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
9.Unless→If 考查连词。根据句意可知，应是表肯定的假设，表示“如果”。
10.possibly→possible 考查固定短语。as ... as possible “尽可能……”。
短文改错策略探究(一)
短文改错旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力，其覆盖面广，难度较大。主要从词法错误、句法错误和语篇(行文逻辑)错误三个角度来考查。其错误通常以多一词、缺一词、词汇错用三种形式来设置。
一、冠词的考查
冠词的使用是学生很容易出错的地方，多冠词主要是在本应使用零冠词的情况中使用了不定冠词或定冠词。缺冠词的考查主要围绕在不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法及固定搭配中。不定冠词与定冠词的错用往往发生在考生分辨不清泛指与特指的时候，另外也要注意不定冠词a与an的正确使用。
典例 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
______________________________________________
答案：countryside前加the 考查冠词。countryside意为“农村；乡下”，与the连用，在文中表特指。
二、名词的考查
在短文改错中常发生名词错用情况，主要考查可数名词的数、可数名词和不可数名词的混用，以及抽象名词具体化等。
典例 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：chicken→chickens 考查名词。dozens of表示“大量的，许多的”，后面跟可数名词的复数形式；chicken意为“小鸡”，为可数名词。
三、代词的考查
短文改错中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词等方面。
典例 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：us→me 考查代词。根据后面的“help my brain”可知，玩扑克牌游戏有助于我的大脑，因此这里的意思是“告诉我”，故将us改为me。
四、连词的考查
考生在做短文改错题时，应特别注意明确句意及分句与分句之间或主从句之间的关系，从而及时发现多一连词、少一连词或连词错用的情况并改正。
典例 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：and→or 考查连词。此处表示“他的或者她的”文章，因此属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。
五、介词的考查
短文改错题中对介词的考查主要集中在介词的固定用法及习惯搭配。考生应该掌握介词的基本含义和用法，更重要的是要注意其固定搭配的使用。
典例 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉for 考查介词。根据句意，此处表示“每两年”来这里一次，every two years是一个表示频率的时间状语，不表示一段时间，故去掉for。
Passage 1
限时8分钟
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
答案：
I became in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyone's ， the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
1.interesting→interested 考查形容词。become interested in “变得对……感兴趣”。
2.where→when 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词one afternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。
3.football前加a 考查冠词。此处是泛指“一个足球”，应用不定冠词a。
4.but→and 考查连词。“一个足球正好落在我面前”与“差点儿打到我”之间是顺承关系，故用并列连词and。
5.hardly→hard 考查副词。此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场”，应用副词hard “用力地”。hardly也是副词，但意为“几乎不”。
6.surprising→surprise 考查固定搭配。to one's surprise “令某人惊讶的是”。
7.player→players 考查名词。根据前面的all可知，player应用复数形式players。
8.say→saying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，cheered是谓语动词，say前没有并列连词，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式；主语与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
9.now→then 考查副词。文章讲述的是过去发生的事情，应该用from then
on，意为“从那时起”。from now on意为“从现在起”。
10.去掉my 考查动词。play football “踢足球”。“play＋球类名词”，固定搭配，中间不加冠词或形容词性物主代词。
Passage 2
限时6分钟
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
答案：
Since I was a kid, I've considered different I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so . Then, when I was in the grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much more after seeing a doctor. And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
1.job→jobs 考查名词。形容词different后跟名词的复数形式。
2.coolly→cool 考查形容词。连系动词look后跟形容词作表语。
3.five→fifth 考查序数词。“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。
4.too→very/so 考查副词。too much表示“太多”，而very/so much表示“非常”，此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”。
5.high前加in/at 考查介词。in/at high school “在高中”。
6.or→and 考查连词。reconsidered和decided这两个动作是递进关系，故or改为and。
7.They→There 考查固定句型。此处是There be句型，表示“有……”。
8.amazing→amazed 考查形容词。amazed “吃惊的，惊讶的”；amazing “令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的”。ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”，ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故用ed形式的形容词。
9.去掉more 考查副词。本句中better本身已经是比较级，前面只需要much来修饰，表示程度，more不可以修饰比较级，在本句中为多余成分。
10.is→was 考查动词的时态。文章整体行文都是一般过去时，此处也是叙述过去发生的事情，所以也用一般过去时。
Passage 3
限时7分钟
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
答案：
I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy in the historical environment is created for them. If I succeed in one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different . Each of my cafes will have a different theme and unique style.
1.opens→open 考查非谓语动词。to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形。不定式短语to open a cafe在句中作表语。
2.required→requires 考查动词的时态。文章讲述的是现在发生的事，故用一般现在时。
3.ordinarily→ordinary 考查形容词。此处用形容词ordinary修饰名词cafe。
4.cafe后加to 考查非谓语动词。want sb./sth. to do sth. “希望某人/某物做某事”。
5.去掉as后的like 考查固定搭配。such as “例如”，是固定搭配。
6.yourselves→themselves 考查代词。此处指代主语customers，要用themselves。
7.what→that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是the historical environment，定语从句中缺少主语，故用that或which。what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等，但不可以引导定语从句。
8.manage→managing 考查非谓语动词。succeed in doing sth. “成功做某事”。
9.city→cities 考查名词。many修饰可数名词复数。
10.an→a 考查冠词。unique是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a，不用an。
Passage 4
限时8分钟
(2020·河北衡水中学高三第一次联考)It was raining light when I got up yesterday. After a quick breakfast, I took a umbrella with me and went to school in a hurry. It was fifteen minutes after school began. I was running quickly when I see an old man walking slowly in the rain. I stopped, wondered whether to help him or not, as I might be late for school. Then I made a decision walk him home. About ten minutes late, we arrived at his house. He thanked for me again and again. I smiled and said it was nothing. I was late when I got to school. Hearing my story, the head teacher, that was giving his lecture, praised me before all the student.
答案：
It was raining when I got up yesterday. After a quick breakfast, I took umbrella with me and went to school in a hurry. It was fifteen minutes school began. I was running quickly when I an old man walking slowly in the rain. I stopped, whether to help him or not, as I might be late for school. Then I made a decision walk him home. About ten minutes ， we arrived at his house. He thanked me again and again. I smiled and said it was nothing. I was late when I got to school. Hearing my story, the head teacher, was giving his lecture, praised me before all the .
1.light→lightly 考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词was raining，所以要用副词。
2.a→an 考查冠词。名词umbrella以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。
3.after→before 考查连词。此处表示离上课时间还有15分钟，所以用before。
4.see→saw 考查动词的时态。此处描述的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时。
5.wondered→wondering 考查非谓语动词。wonder与主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
6.walk前加to 考查动词不定式。make a decision to do sth. “决定做某事”，为固定用法。
7.late→later 考查副词。此处表示在10分钟之后，所以用副词later，意为“以后”。
8.去掉for 考查动词。thank sb. 感谢某人，thank为及物动词，for多余。
9.that→who 考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导，且引导词指代the head teacher，指人，故用who。
10.student→students 考查名词。由all可知此处用可数名词student的复数形式。
Passage 5
限时7分钟
(2020·黄冈市高三质量检测)In the beginning of the new term, our school organized military training. In the first three day, our instructor taught us how to walk and stood like a real soldier. On the last day of military training, we were honoring for our achievements. Through our efforts, they won the first prize. After the fourday military training, my classmates and I was expressed our thanks for our instructor's hardly work. He not only taught us how to behave like a soldier but also showed us meaning of honor or teamwork. Never will I forget that he taught me.
答案：
the beginning of the new term, our school organized military training. In the first three ， our instructor taught us how to walk and like a real soldier. On the last day of military training, we were for our achievements. Through our efforts, won the first prize. After the fourday military training, my classmates and I expressed our thanks for our instructor's work. He not only taught us how to behave like a soldier but also showed us meaning of honor
teamwork. Never will I forget he taught me.
1.In→At 考查介词。at the beginning of ... 是固定用法，意为“在……开始的时候”，故将In改为At。
2.day→days 考查名词。three后面应跟可数名词复数形式，the first three days意为“在前三天”。
3.stood→stand 考查动词。and连接并列成分，其前是动词原形，其后应用动词原形，故把stood改为stand。
4.honoring→honored 考查固定用法。honor sb. for sth.为固定用法，意为“因某事给予某人表扬”。此处表示我们因取得的成绩被给予表扬，表被动，故用honored。
5.they→we 考查代词。此处表示通过我们的努力，我们获得了一等奖。故把they改为we。
6.删除expressed前的was 考查动词的语态。我和同学们对我们教练的辛苦工作表示感谢是主动动作，故删除expressed前的was。
7.hardly→hard 考查形容词。此处work是名词，其前需用形容词修饰。故此处应用形容词hard “辛苦的”。hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”。故把hardly改为hard。
8.meaning前加the 考查冠词。此处特指“荣誉和团队合作的意义”，故在meaning前加the。
9.or→and 考查连词。or表示选择意义，意为“或者”，此处表示“荣誉和团队合作”，故把or改为and。
10.that→what 考查宾语从句的连接词。that引导宾语从句时，只起连接作用，本身无词义；此处表示“他所教给我的东西”，故把that改为what。
Passage 6
限时8分钟
(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)Recently I've done a survey in our class on my classmates think of ads. The majority of my classmate take a positive attitude to ads in that ads do bring us convenient. Other students argue that being largely exposing to ads may lead to the sameness ranging from clothes, shelters to transportation.
From my point of the view, I prefer the former opinion to the latter for the following reasons. The first reason is rooted in the fact that there was various ads so that people have various choices. Secondly, with ads, that would be difficult to get across a product's basic message. However, ads, instead of making people seem to be the same, contributes greatly to people's better life.
答案：
Recently I've done a survey in our class on my classmates think of ads. The majority of my take a positive attitude to ads in that ads do bring us . Other students argue that being largely to ads may lead to the sameness ranging from clothes, shelters to transportation.
From my point of view, I prefer the former opinion to the latter for the following reasons. The first reason is rooted in the fact that there various ads so that people have various choices. Secondly, ads, would be difficult to get across a product's basic message. ， ads, instead of making people seem to be the same, greatly to people's better life.
1.on后加what 考查宾语从句的连接词。on后跟一个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故使用what引导。
2.classmate→classmates 考查名词的数。此处表示“同学当中的大多数”，故classmate应用复数。故将classmate改为classmates。
3.convenient→convenience 考查名词。bring sb. sth.为固定搭配，意为“带给某人某物”，此处应使用名词。故将convenient改为convenience。
4.exposing→exposed 考查过去分词。大多数学生是“被暴露”，根据being和句意可知此处应为被动的意思，故应该使用expose的过去分词exposed。
5.去掉view前的the 考查固定短语。from one's point of view为固定搭配，意为“在某人看来”，此处不应该有the。
6.was→are 考查动词的时态。此处是客观陈述“有各种各样的广告”。故应该使用一般现在时，同时根据various ads可知be动词应用are，故将was改为are。
7.with→without 考查介词。句意：没有广告，将很难了解产品的基本信息。此处的意思应该为“没有”广告，故将with改为without。
8.that→it 考查it用法。此处是it作形式主语，后面不定式作真正主语。故将that改为it。
9.However→Therefore/Thus 考查副词。由句意，前文讲没有广告的好处，后文仍讲没有广告的好处，知此处没有转折的意味。Therefore和thus都意为因此的意思，有进一步递进解释的意思。
10.contributes→contribute 考查主谓一致。主语ads为复数，故谓语动词不应使用第三人称单数形式，故将contributes改为contribute。
Passage 7
限时8分钟
(2020·安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三模拟)
Sunny 31st, July
It was sunny today and I was in a good mood. Tired of studying or the noise of city life, I come to the ecology park to enjoy scenery and get relaxing in the afternoon. While I arrived at the park, what came into its sight were the thick green trees. The air was fresh. In addition, I could clearly see a path around the pond. Lying on the grasses decorated with various flowers, I felt with ease because all that I wanted was peace inside.
Therefore, with time going by quickly, the sun was setting in the west. So I had to return back home. I would never forget such romantic experience, which was really beyond description.
答案：
Sunny 31st, July
It was sunny today and I was in a good mood. Tired of studying the noise of city life, I to the ecology park to enjoy scenery and get in the afternoon. I arrived at the park, what came into sight were the thick green trees. The air was fresh. In addition, I could clearly see a path around the pond. Lying on the decorated with various flowers, I felt ease because all that I wanted was peace inside.
， with time going by quickly, the sun was setting in the west. So I had to return home. I would never forget such romantic experience, which was really beyond description.
1.or→and 考查连词。学习和城市生活的喧嚣是并列关系，故将or改为and。
2.come→came 考查动词的时态。根据第一句可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故将come改为came。
3.relaxing→relaxed 考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指“我”要放松。故将relaxing改为relaxed。
4.While→When 考查状语从句的连接词。while “当……的时候”，相当于during the time that，引导时间状语从句，后面常跟时间段，when “当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，既可跟时间点也可跟时间段。故将While改为When。
5.its→my 考查代词。句意：当我到达公园，进入我视野的是茂盛的绿树。此处表示“我的视野”，故将its改为my。
6.grasses→grass 考查名词。grass指“草坪”时，是不可数名词。故将grasses改为grass。
7.with→at 考查介词。at ease “安逸，舒适”是固定搭配，故将with改为at。
8.Therefore→However 考查副词。上文阐述“我”在生态公园里，躺在长满鲜花的草坪上，感到舒适。下文阐述时间过得很快，我必须回家了，前后之间是转折关系，故将Therefore改为However。
9.去掉back 考查动词。return表示“返回”，back是重复表达，故去掉back。
10.romantic前加a 考查冠词。experience表示“经历”时，是可数名词，此处泛指“一次经历”；such＋a/an＋adj.＋n. (单数)是常用搭配。故在romantic前加a。
Passage 8
限时7分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
答案：
In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the
， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “ left！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes ， the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.
1.eighteen→eighteenth 考查数词。此处意为“在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假”，eighteen “十八”表示数量，故应用eighteenth “第十八个”。
2.first前加the/my 考查限定词。特指“学驾驶的第一天”，序数词first前加the；也可以加my, my first day表示“我(学驾驶)的第一天”。
3.so→but/yet 考查连词。此处意为“我以为我已经掌握了教练的指示，但是一发动车，脑中一片空白”，前后句为转折关系，故用but/yet连接。
4.goes→went 考查动词的时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故用went。
5.word→words 考查名词。word作“说的话，话语，言语”讲时是可数名词，此处表示“教练一直重复那几句话”，故用words。
6.Turning→Turn 考查祈使句。由祈使句“Speed up！” “Slow down！”可知，此处应用动词原形Turn。
7.去掉much 考查固定句型。此处是so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”句型，much多余，故去掉。
8.late→later 考查副词。表示“……之后”，应用副词later。late作副词时意为“晚，迟”。
9.suddenly→sudden 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词stop，表示“突然停车”，应将suddenly改为sudden。
10.on→of 考查介词。此处表示“在路中间突然停车”， in the middle of the road表示“在路的中央”，故用介词of。
Passage 9
限时6分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful
informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
答案：
Mr and Mrs Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. ， they often get some useful from the Internet. When summer ， they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
1.all→both或将all去掉 考查代词。因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示“两者都”，而all则表示“三者或三者以上的全部”。此处将all去掉也可以。
2.a→an/one 考查限定词。因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。
3.interesting→interested 考查形容词。因为是描述主语they的心理状态，所以使用interested “对……感兴趣的”。
4.that→which 考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代主句中的garden，所以用which来引导该定语从句。
5.earlier→early 考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用early的原级。
6.去掉for 考查介词。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，故for多余。
7.Beside→Besides 考查副词。beside为介词，意为“在……旁边”，而besides为副词，意为“此外”。根据上下文可知，此处列举的是张先生和张太太每天做的事情，故用Besides。
8.informations→information 考查名词。information为不可数名词，无复数形式。
9.came→comes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据主句中的“they will”可知，此处应遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句使用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；从句的主语“summer”表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10.students后加to 考查非谓语动词。短语invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。
Passage 10
限时8分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案：
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was ， I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.
1.删除of 考查动词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语从句时不用加介词。
2.had→have 考查动词的时态。由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时。
3.and→but 考查连词。not only ... but also ... 是固定搭配。
4.took→taken 考查动词的语态。photo与take之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。take的过去分词是taken。
5.become→became 考查动词的时态。“我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员，这一系列动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词应用became。
6.picture前加this/the 考查限定词。picture作“照片”之意讲时是可数名词，因为上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词the表特指，或者用this。
7.they→that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。things是个名词，后面接了一个定语从句，修饰先行词things，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词that或which。
8.difference→different 考查形容词。名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词difference改为形容词different。
9.late→latest 考查副词。结合句意，这里表示收集“最新的”音乐专辑，故将late改为latest。
10.your→my 考查代词。全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。
Passage 11
限时8分钟
(2020·贵州省安顺市高三联考)Today, I saw the funny incident happening outside a grocery shop. Two little kids were playing together happy. One was very fat with a large stomach, which was eating junk food. The other kid reached out or felt his stomach, joking, “See how big your stomach it is, but you are still eating much！” I amused and looked at the other kid. I couldn't help laugh out as he was much fatter with an even large stomach！
In your opinion, it is no good having too much junk food, which might be to blame on the fatness of children.
答案：
Today, I saw funny incident happening outside a grocery shop. Two little kids were playing together . One was very fat with a large stomach, was eating junk food. The other kid reached out felt his stomach, joking, “See how big your stomach is, but you are still eating much！” I amused and looked at the other kid. I couldn't help out as he was much fatter with an even stomach！
In opinion, it is no good having too much junk food, which might be to blame the fatness of children.
1.the→a 考查冠词。此处是修饰文中第一次出现的funny incident，是泛指。故将the改成a。
2.happy→happily 考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰动词play。故将happy改成happily。
3.which→who 考查定语从句。此处是指人，应用who来引导。故将which改成who。
4.or→and 考查连词。此处是两个连续动作，应用and连接。故将or改成and。
5.去掉it 考查句子结构。此处句子的主语是stomach，句子结构完整。故去掉it。
6.amused前加was 考查动词的语态和时态。此处是被动关系，应有系动词be。时态为一般过去时。故在amused前加was。
7.laugh→laughing 考查非谓语动词。can't help doing是固定短语搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”。故将laugh改成laughing。
8.large→larger 考查形容词比较级。此处fatter和后面的even是提示词，表明此处有比较意味。故将large改成larger。
9.your→my 考查人称代词。此处是作者自己在发表意见。故将your改成my。
10.on→for 考查介词。be to blame for something意为“应该为某事负责任”。故将on改成for。
Passage 12
限时8分钟
(2020·河南省高三阶段性考试(三))Today, an incident impressed me deep. Mom asked me to buy a bag of flour in a shop running by an elderly couple. On the way, it occurred to them that I had no cash with me.
Then I thought I could pay on it with my phone, so I was afraid that they couldn't receive money by phone. After all, they were nearly 70 year old. They might be so much old that they weren't familiar with online service. To my surprise, when I asked an elderly wife if I could pay by phone, she points to the sign on the wall. She said proudly, “Of course, you can scan it！” I felt happy see our advanced society！
答案：
Today, an incident impressed me . Mom asked me to buy a bag of flour in a shop by an elderly couple. On the way, it occurred to that I had no cash with me.
Then I thought I could pay it with my phone, I was afraid that they
couldn't receive money by phone. After all, they were nearly 70 old. They might be so old that they weren't familiar with online service. To my surprise, when I asked elderly wife if I could pay by phone, she to the sign on the wall. She said proudly, “Of course, you can scan it！” I felt happy see our advanced society！
1.deep→deeply 考查副词。修饰动词impress应用副词。故将deep改成deeply。
2.running→run 考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语run by an elderly couple作后置定语，故将running改成run。
3.them→me 考查代词。根据下文中的关键词“I”和语境可知，此处指“我”突然想到。故将them改为me。
4.on→for 考查介词。pay for sth.意为“支付某物的费用”，为固定短语。故将on改成for。
5.so→but 考查连词。根据句意“我认为我可以用手机支付，但是(but)我担心他们不会用手机收钱”可知，表转折关系。故将so改成but。
6.year→years 考查名词复数。根据句中的数词“70”可知，此处应该用复数名词years。故将year改成years。
7.去掉much 考查形容词。old为形容词原级，不用much修饰。故去掉much。
8.an→the 考查冠词。定冠词the在此处特指文中的elderly wife。故将an改成the。
9.points→pointed 考查动词的时态。因为全文用一般过去时叙述过去发生的事情，所以此处也应该用一般过去时。故将points改成pointed。
10.see前加to 考查非谓语动词。不定式短语to see our advanced society在句中作状语，to不能省略。常用结构be/feel happy to do sth.意为“高兴做某事”。故在see前加to。
Passage 13
限时7分钟
(2020·长沙市一中高三月考试卷(二))
Dear editor，
I consider me a faithful reader of Advanced magazine because I have read it for about ten years. Therefore, it is the first time that I have sent my feedback to you.
Having read the article about ambition, I started to reflect of my own life. Lost in which I am pursuing, I often forget the process I should have been enjoyed. Your
article reminds me of the significant of gratitude, a good state of mind and seize the day. Fortunately, I realized I focused that much on achievements, the results might even backfire.
Thank you for the useful and practical tips offering at the end of the article. This experience will become an unique part of my life, eventually helping me through the unexpected but appealing life journey.
Best regards，
Claire
答案：
Dear editor，
I consider a faithful reader of Advanced magazine because I have read it for about ten years. ， it is the first time that I have sent my feedback to you.
Having read the article about ambition, I started to reflect my own life. Lost in I am pursuing, I often forget the process I should have enjoyed. Your article reminds me of the of gratitude, a good state of mind and the day. Fortunately, I realized I focused that much on achievements, the results might even backfire.
Thank you for the useful and practical tips at the end of the article. This experience will become unique part of my life, eventually helping me through the unexpected but appealing life journey.
Best regards，
Claire
1.me→myself 考查代词。此处主语与宾语指同一个人，故应用反身代词。
2.Therefore→However/Nevertheless 考查副词。此处表示语意的转折，故用表示转折的副词。
3.of→on/upon 考查介词。reflect on/upon 表示“反思”，是固定搭配。
4.which→what 考查宾语从句的连接词。此处宾语从句作介词in的宾语。连接词在从句中作动词pursue的宾语，表示(追求的)东西，故用what。
5.去掉been 考查动词语态。enjoy与主语I之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。
6.significant→significance 考查非谓语动词。作介词of的宾语，所以应该用名词。
7. seize→seizing 考查非谓语动词。作介词of的宾语，故用名词。
8.realized后面加if或when 考查宾语从句的连接词。此处从句作realize的宾语，且从句含有一个条件状语从句，故用if或when连接。
9.offering→offered 考查非谓语动词。此处过去分词作后置定语。
10.an→a 考查冠词。unique以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
Passage 14
限时9分钟
(2020·吉林省辉南县一中高三上学期第二次月考)I take part in the Cultural Exchange Week in London last month. Honest speaking, I enjoyed myself in a city. I paid a visit to a city museum and some places interest. They made me have a better understanding of the British society, culture or history. Of course, I also made several new friend there, who hobbies are similar to mine. What's more, I was lucky to call on a penfriend, Johnson, who had been in touch with myself for a long time. I will never forget the most happiest days that we spent together. When returning to China safely, I felt very satisfying.
答案：
I part in the Cultural Exchange Week in London last month. speaking, I enjoyed myself in city. I paid a visit to a city museum and some places interest. They made me have a better understanding of the British society, culture history. Of course, I also made several new there, hobbies are similar to mine. What's more, I was lucky to call on a penfriend, Johnson, who had been in touch with for a long time. I will never forget the happiest days that we spent together. When returning to China safely, I felt very .
1.take→took 考查动词的时态。由last month可知用一般过去时。
2.Honest→Honestly 考查副词。修饰动词speaking应用副词。
3.a→the 考查冠词。此处city特指London，故用定冠词the。
4.interest前加of 考查介词。places of interest名胜。
5.or→and 考查连词。此处culture与history表示并列关系。
6.friend→friends 考查名词。由several可知用名词复数形式。
7.who→whose 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。引导词在从句中作定语，故用whose，不用who。
8.myself→me 考查代词。be in touch with sb.与某人保持联系，为固定搭配。
9.去掉most 考查形容词最高级。happy的最高级是happiest。
10.satisfying→satisfied 考查形容词。satisfying表示“使某人高兴的”，修饰物；satisfied表示“感到高兴的”，修饰人。
Passage 15
限时8分钟
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
答案：
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond / they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.
1.countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，“我”和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
2.find→found 考查动词的时态。根据第一句中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，事件发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故将find改成found。
3.another→other 考查限定词。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
4.here→there 考查副词。去年冬天，“我”又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。
5.chicken→chickens 考查名词的复数。根据前文的“dozens of”可知，其后用名词复数形式。
6.which前加in或which→where 考查定语从句的引导词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，且关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
7.sell→selling 考查非谓语动词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
8.happily→happy 考查形容词。他们的生活有了很大提高，“我”感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
9.删除for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有every, each, last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
10.but→and 考查连词。“我”计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
Passage 16
限时7分钟
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
答案：
When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch
cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
1.Friday's→Friday 考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的、用途、材料或来源等。故把Friday's改为Friday。
2.sort→sorts 考查名词的复数。此处all修饰三者或三者以上的人或物，后用名词复数形式。故把sort改为sorts。
3.the→a 考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”表泛指，应用“a(n)＋可数名词单数形式”，kid的发音是以辅音音素开头的，应用a，故把the改为a。
4.watching→watch 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看(卡通片)。ask to do sth. 意为“请求做某事”。故把watching改为watch。
5.删掉to 考查情态动词。would作为情态动词，后跟动词原形，故把to删除。
6.us→me 考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑开发。故把us改为me。
7.unwilling前加was 考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。主语为I，所以在unwilling前加was。
8.for→with 考查介词。play games with sb.表示“和某人一起玩游戏”，故把for改为with。
9.are→were 考查动词的时态。文章叙述的是作者小时候的事情，应用一般过去时。故把are改为were。
10.where→when 考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候，我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故把where改为when。
Passage 17
限时7分钟
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others
were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.
答案：
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just . Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read his her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that learning from textbooks, and as well.” ， I raised my hand.
1.begin→begun 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是“had＋动词的过去分词”，所以begin要改为begun。
2.wait→waiting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，本句有谓语动词was，没有连词，且句子的逻辑主语与wait是主动关系，所以wait 要用其现在分词形式waiting，表伴随。
3.and→or 考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把and改为or。
4.eager后加to 考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”，故eager后加to。
5.myself→my或the 考查限定词。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。由句子的主语“I”可知，此处表示“我的”作业，应用my而不用myself；此处也可特指老师布置的作业，故改为定冠词the也可以。
6.去掉that 考查固定结构。be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事”，所以that多余，删掉。
7.larger→large 考查形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。此处没有比较的意境，故把larger改为large。
8.include→includes 考查主谓一致。that指代learning，作第二个分句的主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
9.mistake→mistakes 考查名词的复数。此处应用可数名词的复数形式，泛指所有错误。
10.Immediate→Immediately 考查副词。此处要用副词在句中作状语修饰整个句子，故把Immediate改为Immediately。
Passage 18
限时8分钟
(2020·河南省焦作市高三定位考试)Last Sunday, while eat in a restaurant, I noticed a bowl full of dumplings on the table next to mine. They must have left by someone. Just then, an old man came in. Judging from her clothes, I believed he were poor. He saw the dumplings left on the table. Being shyly, he sat down and started eating. The others around look at him, puzzled, but some even laughed at him. Therefore, after finishing the dumplings, he went up to the donation box on the counter, put one hundred yuan in it and left, leaving us all shocked and ashamed about.
We shouldn't judge a person just from his or her appearance. A person which has a loving heart is the richest in the world.
答案：
Last Sunday, while in a restaurant, I noticed a bowl full of dumplings on the table next to mine. They must have left by someone. Just then, an old man came in. Judging from clothes, I believed he poor. He saw the dumplings left on the table. Being ， he sat down and started eating. The others around at him, puzzled, some even laughed at him. ， after finishing the dumplings, he went up to the donation box on the counter, put one hundred yuan in it and left, leaving us all shocked and ashamed .
We shouldn't judge a person just from his or her appearance. A person has a loving heart is the richest in the world.
1.eat→eating 考查省略句。分析句子可知，本句为省略句，还原后为“while I was eating”，因为主句与从句的主语相同，且从句谓语动词为be动词，这时be 动词和主语都可以被省略。故将eat改为eating。
2.have后加been 考查动词的语态。分析句子可知，主语They，与谓语leave为被动关系，故在have后面加been。
3.her→his 考查代词。由“he”可知，此处用his。故将her改为his。
4.were→was 考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，主语为he，系动词为was。故将were改为was。
5.shyly→shy 考查形容词。分析句子可知，be后接形容词作表语。故将shyly改为shy。
6.look→looked 考查动词的时态。由“some even laughed at him”可知，此处为两个并列句，且句子为一般过去时。故将look改为looked。
7.but→and 考查连词。分析句子可知，前后句子语意为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故将but改为and。
8.Therefore→However 考查副词。分析句子可知，前后句意表示转折关系，且有标点符号。故将Therefore改为However。
9.去掉about 考查形容词。本句为leave “使……处于某种状态”的用法，其用法为leave＋名词/代词＋形容词。形容词作宾语补足语。故去掉about。
10.which→that/who 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，a person为先行词，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/who。故将which改为that/who。
Passage 19
限时8分钟
(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高三学年上学期检测)Water is very important to us, without that there would be no life. We couldn't live if we didn't have water. Therefore, some people don't turn the tap off at once after using it. Some people don't realize they wash them in the shower too long. Some even throw away bottles full in water. As middle school students, we should make great efforts to save water. On one hand, every single person's save water is significance. On other hand, we can use some water we just used to watering plants. We shouldn't leave the tap running for while we brush our tooth.
答案：
Water is very important to us, without there would be no life. We couldn't live if we didn't have water. ， some people don't turn the tap off at once after using it. Some people don't realize they wash in the shower too long. Some even throw away bottles full water. As middle school students, we
should make great efforts to save water. On one hand, every single person's water is . On other hand, we can use some water we just used to plants. We shouldn't leave the tap running while we brush our .
1.that→which 考查定语从句的引导词。在介词without后，指物，引导词用which。关系代词that前面不能有介词。
2.Therefore→However 考查副词。上下文意思是转折关系。
3.them→themselves 考查代词。反身代词强调动作与动作执行者的关系，指同一人。
4.in→of 考查介词。full of “充满了”作定语修饰bottles。
5.save→saving 考查非谓语动词。作主语用动名词。
6.significance→significant 考查形容词。形容词作表语。
7.on后加the 考查固定用法。固定词组on the other hand “另一方面”。
8.watering→water 考查非谓语动词。不定式符号to后接动词原形。
9.去掉for 考查状语从句。while引导的是时间状语从句，不用介词for。
10.tooth→teeth 考查名词。表示“刷牙”，牙齿应该使用复数形式teeth。
Passage 20
限时8分钟
(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)Last winter, the smog occurred a lot of time. It brought much inconvenience to our daily life or did great harm to our health. Many traffic accidents had happened just because of the heavy smog weather. In addition, quite a lot of flights had to put off and a great number of people stayed at home to keep them away from the harmful air. Some people suffered of bad coughs, sore throats and other serious diseases cause by the smog. I think whomever lives on the earth should try to play the part in the environmental protection. I support the idea that we can try to drive more and buy environmentally friendly products to improve the air quality.
答案：
Last winter, the smog occurred a lot of . It brought much inconvenience to our daily life did great harm to our health. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather. In addition, quite a lot of flights had to put off and a great number of people stayed at home to keep away
from the harmful air. Some people suffered bad coughs, sore throats and other serious diseases by the smog. I think lives on the earth should try to play part in the environmental protection. I support the idea that we can try to drive and buy environmentally friendly products to improve the air quality.
1.time→times 考查名词。time表示“次数”时是可数名词，再结合上文的“a lot of”可知，此处应用其复数形式。故将time改为times。
2.or→and 考查连词。上下文之间是并列关系而非选择关系，故用and。句意：它给我们的日常生活带来了很多不便，对我们的健康造成了很大的危害。故将or改为and。
3.去掉had 考查动词的时态。此处在讲述去年冬天发生的事情，不表示“过去的过去”，故用一般过去时。故去掉had。
4.put前加be 考查动词的语态。put off是及物动词短语，它与主语flights之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。句意：此外，相当多的航班不得不推迟。故在put前加be。
5.them→themselves 考查代词。keep这一动作的发出者和承受者是一致的，故此处用反身代词themselves作宾语。故将them改为themselves。
6.of→from 考查介词。suffer from(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨。故将of改为from。
7.cause→caused 考查非谓语动词。根据后面的by可知此处表示被动，故应使用过去分词作定语，修饰diseases。故将cause改为caused。
8.whomever→whoever 考查主语从句。I think后跟省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又有一个主语从句，主语从句的引导词在从句中作主语，且表示“无论是谁”，故用whoever。注意whomever不能在从句中作主语。句意：我认为无论谁生活在地球上都应该努力在环境保护中发挥作用。故将whomever改为whoever。
9.the→a 考查冠词。play a part in ... 表示“在……中起作用”，为固定搭配。故将the改为a。
10.more→less 考查比较级。根据语境可知，改善空气质量肯定是要少开(私家)车，而不是多开，应使用less。故将more改为less。
Passage 21
限时8分钟
(2020·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day, how would life be like there？
In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic jam. We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much fast than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place where I am always dreaming about.
答案：
There too many people and too pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day， would life be like there？
In my opinion, life would be much more on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic . We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place I am always dreaming about.
1．is→are 考查主谓一致。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。本句为there be句型，主语为由and连接的名词短语，谓语动词应和最临近的主语在数上保持一致，故用are。
2．many→much 考查形容词。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。pollution为不可数名词，故用much修饰。
3．how→what 考查特殊疑问词。句意：如果有一天我们移民到月球的话，生活会怎么样呢？分析句子成分可知，本句中，like缺少宾语，故用特殊疑问词what。
4．comfort→comfortable 考查形容词。句意：与地球相比，月球上的生活会更舒适。分析句子可知，be动词后接形容词，故用comfortable。
5．jam→jams 考查名词。句意：月球上不会有污染或交通堵塞。traffic jam “交通堵塞”为可数名词，故用复数形式jams，表示泛指。
6．去掉the 考查冠词。句意：我们可以乘坐飞船去想去的地方，乘坐飞船比坐火车或者飞机要快得多。by spaceship “乘坐飞船”，故去掉the。
7．fast→faster 考查形容词的比较级。本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式faster。
8．you→we 考查人称代词。句意：我们可以吃想吃的东西，而不用担心其含有不健康的成分。分析句子可知，本句主语为we，故用第一人称we。
9．concerned后加about 考查介词。此处为短语be concerned about “为……担忧”，故加介词about。
10．where→which/that或去掉where 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这是一个我一直梦想着要去的地方。分析句子可知，从句中，about缺少宾语，故用关系代词which/that；由于关系代词作宾语，故也可以省略。
Passage 22
限时8分钟
(2020·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)With only one year to go before graduation, our class decided to plant tree not only to improve the surroundings of the school, but also to make a memory of our school life.
After purchase seedlings, we chose a place that the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine. We didn't realize how hardly it was until we began our work. None of us were familiar to planting, and nor did we knew how to use gardening tools. After many attempts, we dug holes and put seedlings into it. Then we grabbed soil fill up the holes. It was not so easy as imagined, and we successfully finished the task at the last.
答案：
With only one year to go before graduation, our class decided to plant not only to improve the surroundings of the school, but also to make a memory of our school life.
After seedlings, we chose a place the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine. We didn't realize how it was until we began our work. None of us were familiar planting, and nor did we how to use gardening tools. After many attempts, we dug holes and put seedlings into . Then we grabbed soil fill up the holes. It was not so easy as imagined, we successfully finished the task at last.
1．tree→trees 考查名词。句意：由于只有一年就要毕业，为了改善学校的环境，也为了纪念我们的学校生活，我们班决定种树。根据句意可知，此处泛指“树”，故应用名词复数。
2．purchase→purchasing 考查非谓语动词。介词After后应跟动词ing形式作宾语。
3．that→where 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：购买完幼苗之后，我们选择了一个使幼苗能得到适当的水和阳光的地方。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词“place”，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导该定语从句。
4．hardly→hard 考查形容词。句意：直到我们开始工作，我们才意识到这有多么困难。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词hard作表语，而hardly意为“几乎不”，在此处不符合语境。
5．to→with 考查介词。句意：我们都不熟悉种植，也不知道如何使用园艺工具。此处be familiar with ... 意为“熟悉……”，为固定用法。
6．knew→know 考查倒装句。nor放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，所以助动词did在前，此处用动词原形。
7．it→them 考查代词。句意：经过许多尝试，我们挖了坑，然后把幼苗放进坑里。根据句意可知，此处应用them指代前面提到的复数名词holes。
8．soil后加to 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我们抓起泥土把坑填满。根据句意可知，此处用动词不定式表目的。
9．and→but 考查连词。句意：这并不像想象的那么容易，但是我们最终成功地完成了任务。根据句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，故用连词but，表示转折。
10．删除the 考查固定短语。at last意为“最终”，为固定短语。
Passage 23
限时7分钟
(2020·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive them. I have been getting my birthday presents but none of which have been remarkable so far. My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary. Then, on my seventeen birthday, I got the best present ever. There was a white envelope. I opened it and find a key and a note. “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written on hand. It was from his Aunt Jess. I looked at the key more closely but I realized it was a car key. This was best present. I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt.
答案：
Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive . I have been getting my birthday presents but none of have been remarkable so far. My parents always give me books which fine but ordinary. Then, on my
birthday, I got the best present ever. There was a white envelope. I opened it and a key and a note. “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written hand. It was from Aunt Jess. I looked at the key more closely I realized it was a car key. This was best present. I became the owner of my own car thanks to my aunt.
1．删除them 考查定语从句。“they receive”是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词“the presents”，关系词在从句中作receive的宾语，所以them多余。
2．which→them 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句，此处并不是一个定语从句，所以把which改为them，指代my birthday presents。
3．is→are 考查主谓一致。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词books，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词books是复数，所以把is改为are。
4．seventeen→seventeenth 考查序数词。此处表示“在我第十七个生日”，应该用序数词，所以把seventeen改为seventeenth。
5．find→found 考查动词的时态。作者在回忆往事，表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，所以把find改为found。
6．on→by 考查介词。“生日快乐，我亲爱的侄子！”这些字是手写的。on hand “在手头，在近旁”，by hand “手工”，故把on改为by。
7．his→my 考查代词。根据上文可知，这里表示“它来自我的姑姑Jess”，所以把his改为my。
8．but→and 考查连词。“我”更近地看着这把钥匙，然后意识到它是一把汽车钥匙。此处表示顺承，所以把but改为and。
9．best前加the 考查冠词。这是最好的礼物。最高级前面用定冠词the。
10．generously→generous 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，所以把generously改为generous。
Passage 24
限时7分钟
(2020·郑州一中高三摸底测试)I have many friends and Lily is one of the best. We have been playing together before we were young. She is such pretty girl that when people meet him, they always say, “Oh, how lovely！” Lily is also very brave. One evening two weeks ago, my mum sent me to buy some salt or sugar downstair. When I
was back on the stairway, I sudden saw a black shadow behind me. I was frightening and cried. On that very moment, Lily came. She rushed to the shadow and shouts loudly until it disappeared. Then we ran to home safely.
答案：
I have many friends and Lily is one of the best. We have been playing together we were young. She is such pretty girl that when people meet ， they always say, “Oh, how lovely！” Lily is also very brave. One evening two weeks ago, my mum sent me to buy some salt sugar . When I was back on the stairway, I saw a black shadow behind me. I was and cried. that very moment, Lily came. She rushed to the shadow and loudly until it disappeared. Then we ran home safely.
1．before→since 考查连词。since意为“自从……以来”时，引导时间状语从句，从句一般用过去时，主句用现在完成时，故此处用连词since。
2．such后加a 考查冠词。girl是单数可数名词，此处为第一次在文中出现，且pretty的发音以辅音音素开头。故用不定冠词a修饰。
3．him→her 考查代词。此处与文中的She呼应，故用代词her作宾语。
4．or→and 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处前后表示逻辑上的并列关系，而非选择关系，故用连词and。
5．downstair→downstairs 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词downstairs，在句中作状语。
6．sudden→suddenly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词suddenly修饰动词saw，在句中作状语。
7．frightening→frightened 考查形容词。根据句子的主语为I可知，这里应用frightened，形容人，意为“受惊的，害怕的”。而frightening作形容词，一般修饰物，意为“令人害怕的”。
8．On→At 考查介词。on表示具体的日期，而at表示具体的时间点，故用介词At。
9．shouts→shouted 考查动词的时态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，shout和rush为两个并列的动作，时态应保持一致，因此应用一般过去时shouted。
10．删除to 考查介词。home在此处是副词，故其前不用介词，直接在句中作状语，故删除to。
Passage 25
限时7分钟
(2020·广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)Last weekend, after pay a visit to the city of New York, I visited the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, where lies in Washington, D．C.
The museum, which covers a area of 18,000 square meters, is made of 24 exhibition halls. All kinds of planes, rockets, missiles and spaceship of great importance and variously old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used are on display. In addition, I see copies of some satellites and aircraft. More interestingly, I tried operating on some aircraft by myself. During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well.
This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human space exploration. It made me more interesting in science and technology.
答案：
Last weekend, after a visit to the city of New York, I visited the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, lies in Washington, D．C.
The museum, which covers area of 18,000 square meters, is made of 24 exhibition halls. All kinds of planes, rockets, missiles and of great importance and old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used are on display. In addition, I copies of some satellites and aircraft. More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself. During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well.
This brief visit helped learn much about the history of human space exploration. It made me more in science and technology.
1．pay→paying 考查非谓语动词。该处作介词after的宾语，故用动名词形式。
2．where→which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句；句中“the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution”为先行词，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。
3．a→an 考查不定冠词。area是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。
4．made后加up 考查固定搭配。be made up of为固定搭配，意为“由……组成，由……构成”。此处表示：这个博物馆面积达18,000平方米，由24个展厅构成。
5．spaceship→spaceships 考查名词。spaceship为可数名词，根据该句中的“All kinds of”可知，该处应用其复数形式。
6．variously→various 考查形容词。此处修饰名词instruments，表示“各种各样的老式仪器”，故用形容词形式。
7．see→saw 考查动词的时态。根据本文首句中的“Last weekend”可知，本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故将see改为saw。
8．删除operating后的on 考查介词。operate为及物动词，在该处意为“操作”，后面直接跟宾语，故删除介词on。此处表示：更有趣的是，我亲自尝试操作了一些飞行器。
9．myself→me 考查代词。此处表示：此次短暂的参观帮助我学到了很多人类太空探索的历史。此处作help的宾语，故用me。
10．interesting→interested 考查形容词。此处表示：这让我对科学技术更感兴趣。由该句中的me可知，该处修饰人，表示“感兴趣的”，故用形容词interested。
Passage 26
限时8分钟
(2020·黑龙江省鹤岗一中高三月考)When I was a teenager, I was in an organization where was called the Tides. I, as well as other girls, was used to go camping together once a week and have fun play games. We often set up tents and prepared different kind of dishes. We only slept a few hours because so much girls of my age were in the same tent. We would stay up all night, chatting each other. Once, my birthday fall on one of those camping days. The girls gave her a cake and sang Happy Birthday to me. They were so kind that I was deep moved. At the end of the day, I went home late, exhausted, so I had a nice day.
答案：
When I was a teenager, I was in an organization was called the Tides. I, as well as other girls, used to go camping together once a week and have fun games. We often set up tents and prepared different of dishes. We only slept a few hours because so girls of my age were in the same tent. We
would stay up all night, chatting each other. Once, my birthday on one of those camping days. The girls gave a cake and sang Happy Birthday to me. They were so kind that I was moved. At the end of the day, I went home late, exhausted, I had a nice day.
1．where→which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：当我还是个青少年的时候，我在一个叫作the Tides的组织里。此处an organization是先行词，指物，故把where改为which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
2．去掉was 考查固定搭配。句意：我和其他女孩一样，过去每周一起去露营一次，玩得很开心。used to do sth.表示“过去经常、习惯做某事”，故把was去掉。
3．play→playing 考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth.“开心地做某事”，故把play改为playing。
4．kind→kinds 考查名词。句意：我们经常搭帐篷，准备各种各样的菜。根据different可知，后面的名词用复数形式。
5．much→many 考查形容词。根据girls可知用many修饰。
6．chatting后加with 考查介词。chat with sb.“与某人聊天”，故在chatting后加with。
7．fall→fell 考查动词的时态。根据Once(曾经)可知，句子用一般过去时。
8．her→me 考查代词。句意：女孩们给我准备了一个生日蛋糕，给我唱了生日快乐歌。根据后文中的me可知，把her改为me。
9．deep→deeply 考查副词。句意：她们是如此友好，我被深深地感动了。副词修饰动词，此处表抽象意义“深深地”，故把deep改为deeply。
10．so→but 考查并列连词。句意：一天结束的时候，我回家晚了，筋疲力尽，但我度过了美好的一天。前后是转折关系，故把so改为but。
短文改错策略探究(二)
六、形容词/副词的考查
考查形容词与名词、副词、动词等的混用，尤其是be动词和系动词后形容词误用为副词；修饰动词或句子时副词与形容词混用；形容词或副词的比较级和最高级误用等。
典例1 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved.
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答案：
happily→happy 考查形容词。动词felt是一个系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，故将happily改为happy。
典例2 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
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答案：larger→large 考查形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。此处没有比较的意境，故把larger改为large。
七、动词时态和语态的考查
动词错用主要是由于上、下文时态不一致或主动语态与被动语态使用错误。
典例1 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there.
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答案：find→found 考查动词的时态。结合前面的“last winter holiday”可知，本文描述的是过去发生的事情，故将find改为found。
典例2 (2019·天津高考改编)My washing machine is repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
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答案：is 后加being 考查动词的语态。根据本句中的时间状语“this week”和“so I have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，此处表示“洗衣机正在被修理”，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故在is后加being。
八、主谓一致的考查
当名词作主语时，需注意其为可数名词还是不可数名词、是单数还是复数形式，以此来确定谓语动词的单复数。定语从句中的谓语动词单复数应根据先行词而定。
典例 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
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答案：include→includes 考查主谓一致。第二个分句中的that作主语，指代learning，表示单数概念，因此谓语动词也使用第三人称单数形式。
九、非谓语动词的考查
非谓语动词的错用主要体现在介词或某些及物动词后的宾语的形式，及作状语、定语、补语等时非谓语动词的使用错误。避免错用的关键在于弄清楚与非谓语动词相关的时间概念及非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的主、被动关系。
典例1 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
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答案：
watching→watch 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示无论“我”要求多少次要看动画片，ask to do sth. “要求做某事”，不定式作宾语，故将watching改为watch。
典例2 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
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答案：sell→selling 考查动名词。句子中by意为“凭借，靠”，是介词，后面的动词需要改为动名词，作宾语，故将sell改为selling。
十、不定式符号to的考查
短文改错中对不定式符号to的考查主要表现在不需要使用不定式符号to的地方反而出现to，和需要用带to的不定式作补语、定语、状语及一些固定用法时反而缺少to这两种情况。
典例1 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
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答案：take前加to 考查不定式。此处是be eager to do sth.，为固定结构，意为“渴望做某事”，因此在take前加to。
典例2 (2019·北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply to press the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.
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答案：去掉press前的to 考查不定式符号to。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理商就会使你得到你所需要的帮助。此处为固定句型：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。故把to删除。
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