上海市徐汇区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析 38页

2020 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What problem are they talking about? A. Their parents stopped financing their education. B. The man doesn’t want another English course C. They can’t pay the rent this month. D. The woman’s boss refused to give her a raise. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Mike, I’m afraid we’ve got a problem. We can’t afford the rent this month. I guess I’d better ask Mom and Dad for a loan, or ask my boss for a raise. M: Well, yeah. It’s a problem. But maybe I’d better not take another English course this semester. Q: What problem are they talking about? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How much does the man have to pay? A. $ 5. B. $ 10 C. $ 45 D. $ 50. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’ll have these shirts. Please tell me how much I owe you. W:They are 10 dollars each, and 5 make a total of 50 dollars. But today we offer a 10% discount. Q:How much does the man have to pay? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why is the woman so happy? A. She’ll be away for a while. B. She did well on the examination. C. She worked hard and made a big fortune. D. She didn’t have to work hard for any exam. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Congratulations. You’ve done a great job and I must say you deserve that grade. W: Well, I really studied hard for that test for over three months. Now, I can relax for a while. Q: Why is the woman so happy? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What will the woman probably do? A. Hurry to the conference. B. Skip the conference. C. Take the subway. D. Take a bus. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: If you are in a hurry, you can take the subway. If you want to go sightseeing, take a bus. W: Actually, I don’t have to be at the conference before noon. Q: What will the woman probably do? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel about the interview? A. He is confident. B. He is worried. C. He is bored. D. He is angry. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: How was your interview? M: I couldn’t feel better about it. I seemed to find answers for all the questions. Q: How does the man feel about the interview? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can be learned from the conversation？ A. People’s opinions about the movie vary. B. The man thinks the movie is not as good as he thought. C. You shouldn’t believe everything you see. D. The woman wonders which newspaper the man is reading. 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】W: I read in the newspaper that the movie you recommended is excellent. M: I’ve also read some negative reviews. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What do we learn about Mr. Stone? A. He used to be a workman himself. B. He likes to do repairs and make things himself. C. He is professional builder. D. He paid workmen to decorate the house. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: The work you’ve done on your house is certainly impressive, Mr. Stone. How long have you been working on it？ M: I first became interested in DIY several years ago. I’ve worked on my house every now and then for almost a year now. You know, paying workmen to do it is not in my budget. Q:What do we learn about Mr. Stone? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What will Mr. Milson do with his old house? A. He will change it and use it as a hotel. B. He will pull it down and build a new hotel. C. He will rent it out for use as a hotel. D. He will sell it to the owner of a hotel. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: What is Mr. Milson going to do with his old house on Wellington Street? Rent it or sell it? W: He said he is thinking of turning it into a hotel, which isn’t a bad idea, because it’s still a solid building. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man imply? A. Donald is very responsible. B. Donald is not humorous at all. C. What Donald said is true. D. Donald’s words aren’t reliable. 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】W: Donald said he got A’s in all his tests. M: Nancy, you should know better than to take Donald’s words too seriously. Q: What does the man imply? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What problem does the woman have with the course? A. She doesn’t like the way the professor lectures. B. She’s having a hard time following the professor’s lectures. C. She is not interested in the course. D. She’s having difficulty with the heavy reading assignments. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: How do you like Professor Thatcher’s course on the History of Philosophy? He is a distinguished scholar on that subject. W: He is a great teacher. But I’m having a hard time with the reading list. I feel I can’t ever finish it. Q: What problem does the woman have with the course? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What’s the problem with those monkeys in Thailand? A. The coronavirus is also spreading among the monkeys. B. They are suffering from starvation because of the restriction on tourism. C. The monkeys are unlikely to calm down without music. D. The locals want the monkeys to learn to appreciate music. 12. What was the monkey’s reaction to Mr. Barton’s performance? A. They were too hungry to care about it. B. They were so angry that they climbed up his body and touched his head. C. They reacted wildly, such as running over the musician’s hands and eating his music. D. They behaved so wildly that the musician was distracted from playing music. 13. What’s the purpose of Mr. Barton’s performance to the monkeys? A. To calm down the monkeys during the coronavirus crisis. B. To cause concerns about those monkey’s hunger and study their reaction to music. C. To help raise fund for more food for those monkeys. D. To entertain those monkeys so that they would forget eating. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【原文】When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, his energetic listeners react wildly. Some pull his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are truly wild — wild monkeys to be exact. Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild macaque monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the coronavirus crisis. The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them. “We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer and will not be aggressive,” said Barton, 59, a long-time Thailand resident. Barton has played at four sites in Lopburi, including at an ancient Hindu temple, a store and an old movie theater. The macaques quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven’s Für Elise and Michael Nyman’s Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head. But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I was surprised to play the piano and find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.” But, he added, “I wasn’t going to let those things distract from the project which is to play the music for these wonderful macaques.” Barton hopes to raise awareness of the monkeys’ hunger. At the same time, he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music. “It’s possible that the music can play a part of the recovery process,” he said. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What kind of young people are selected as subjects in the research? A. Those experiencing kind family environment. B. Those suffering physical and verbal abuse from parents. C. Those exposed in verbal abuse in their childhood. D. Those having experienced depression. 15. What may a person suffer from being exposed in verbal abuse in childhood? A. Becoming more tolerant. B. Having undeveloped brain connections. C. Having higher level of being fearless. D. No connection between the right and the left side of the brain. 16. What are teachers and parents supposed to do after learning from the findings? A. Help kids learn to be more self-controlled. B. Let kids stay away from drug abuse. C. Treasure kids’ middle school life by using nice expressions. D. Prepare kids with those bad verbal expressions. 【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【原文】A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal abuse by other children, such as unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment”, can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. They studied young adults, ages 18 to 25. These young men and women had no experience with domestic violence, physically or verbally, by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects. The images showed that the individuals who reported suffering verbal abuse from their peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers. This was the area that was underdeveloped. The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period had the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of individuals had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study. The researchers published their findings online, pointing out that we cannot control what other people say to our children, but we can prepare them. A website called CreativeWithKids.com suggests 64 things that all children need to hear, such as “You are creative.” Or “I’m really proud of you.” 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. Where are the two speakers? A. Mexico City. B. Maryland. C. Los Angeles. D. China. 18. What’s the boy’s major in college? A. Public health. B. Journalism. C. Writing. D. IT. 19. What’s the girl’s purpose of being an international journalist? A. To stay in Mexico City for long. B. To learn to write more about public health. C. To go around the world and see more people. D. To move to China or Japan. 20. How did the girl get her part-time job last summer? A. She got the job on the bulletin board. B. She got the job on the newspaper. C. She got the job from friend in Mexico City. D. She got the job on the web. 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【原文】W: Thanks for coming with me to the Placement Center, Ali. M: Don’t mention it. It’s nice to have your company. Besides, I need to find a summer job here in Los Angeles, too! W: What kind of job are you looking for, Ali? M: I’m hoping to find one in my major, public health. W: I’m sure you can. Do you have any experience in public health? M: Yes, I do. I worked part-time in a lab in Maryland last summer. W: That’s great! I want to find a job writing for a local newspaper. I’d like to be a reporter. M: Your major’s journalism, isn’t it? W: Uh-huh. I had a great job last summer when I was in Mexico City. M: Really? What did you do? W: I worked part-time for Excelsior. It’s the biggest newspaper in Mexico. M: What did you do there? W: I wrote local news stories, you know, news about Mexico City. But someday I want to write international news stories. Then I can travel around the world and find out what people are like in other places, such as China and Japan. M: That sounds wonderful. I’m sure you can do it. W: Are there any jobs in public health on the bulletin board? M: No, I don’t see anything interesting. W: you should try looking on the web. There are some great job sites. That’s how I found the job in Mexico City. M: That a good idea. Do I search for “public health”？ W: Try “jobs in public health” or the name of specific jobs. I searched for “newspaper reporter”. M: I’ll go to the computer lab right now and try that! See you later. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When educators think of literacy — the ability to read and write — they often place more importance on students’ abilities to read and fully understand a piece of writing. But experts say critical and creative writing skills are equally important. And, they say, they ___21___ (overlook) too often in the classroom. Compared to reading, writing is ___22___ (active). It helps students be independent thinkers, take ownership of their stories and ideas and communicate them clearly to others, says Elyse Eidman-Aadahl. She heads the National Writing Project, ___23___ offers help for teachers who want to push students to write more. Elyse said, “I have to say ___24___ we want an education system just ___25___ (focus) on making people consumers and not on helping them be producers, this emphasis on reading only—which does happen in so many places — is very short-sighted.” She said students’ writing work now usually centers on examining a text, ___26___ presenting a new idea. Writing, she said, should be “the central thing you’re learning. Not writing on a test, not writing to demonstrate you’re learning ___27___ someone has taught you....” Teaching reading together with writing improves both skills, says Rebecca Wallace-Segall, who heads a New York City writing center, Writopia Lab. She said writing affects a person’s ability to read and more than 90 percent of young people in the Writopia program do not trust their writing abilities___28___ they start. But she said they learn to enjoy the writing process and become more effective readers, too. Elyse said employers today seek workers “all the time” who can write well. Digital tools increasingly mean that people are “___29___(interact) with the internet through writing,” she said. Young people are already writing all the time — through text messages, emails and on social media. Elyse believes every young person today is a writer if they are connected to the internet. So, she added, “we have to help them do it in the best, most responsible, critical, prosocial way.” Rebecca argues that writing also helps students work through difficulties they face in life “subconsciously”. “They’re not writing a story about a difficult father or directly about a bully in class, _____30_____ creating a fictional scenario (电影剧本) that might feel distant enough for them to go deep into it.” 【答案】21. are overlooked 22. more active 23. which 24. unless 25. focused 26. instead of/rather than 27. what 28. when 29. interacting 30. but 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了写作的重要性，尤其是处于这个在互联网上通过社交媒体 进行互动的时代。 【21 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：而且，他们说，它们在课堂上经常被忽视。根据句意和句中 too often 可知，句子陈述的经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。句中 they 代指上文提到 的 critical and creative writing skills，与 overlook 之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动 语态，句式为“主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词+其他”，writing skills 为复数形式，与 are 连 用，overlook 的过去分词为 overlooked。故填 are overlooked。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：与阅读相比，写作更起作用。根据句意和句中 Compared to(与…… 相比)可知，句子把阅读和写作进行比较，写作更起作用，应用比较级，active 意为“起作用 的”，形容词词性，比较级为 more active，在句中作表语。故填 more active。 【23 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她领导全国写作项目，该项目为那些希望推动学生写作的教师提供帮 助。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the National Writing Project，为物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 【24 题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：我不得不说，除非我们想要一个只注重让人们成为消费者而不是帮助 他们成为生产者的教育体系，否则这种只强调阅读的教育——在很多地方确实存在——是非 常目光短浅的。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，表 示“除非……”，故应用从属连词 unless 引导从句，意为“除非”。故填 unless。 【25 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我不得不说，除非我们想要一个只注重让人们成为消费者而不是帮 助他们成为生产者的教育体系，否则这种只强调阅读的教育——在很多地方确实存在——是 非常目光短浅的。所给单词 focus 意为“集中，聚焦于”，动词词性，focus on 意为“关注”， 句中有谓语动词 want 且句中无连词，故应用 focus 的非谓语动词形式，system 与 focus 之间 为逻辑上被动关系，应用 focus 的过去分词 focused，作定语修饰 system。故填 focused。 【26 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：她说，现在学生们的写作工作通常集中在考查文本上，而不是提出新 的想法。根据句意可知，句中涉及介词短语 instead of，意为“而不是”，后接动名词短语 作宾语，或用 rather than，意为“是……而不是……”，连接 examining a text 和 presenting a new idea，表示“是考查文本，而不是提出新的想法”。故填 instead of 或 rather than。 【27 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：不是为了考试而写作，不是为了证明你在学习别人教给你的东西而写 作……。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为宾语从句，空格单词引导的从句作 learning 的宾 语，从句中 taught 缺少宾语且指物，没有选择范围，应用 what 引导。故填 what。 【28 题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：她说，写作会影响一个人的阅读能力，90%以上的 Writopia 项目的年 轻人在开始写作时并不信任自己的写作能力。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为时间状语从 句，空格处单词引导从句，在句中作时间状语，意为“当……时”，应用从属连词 when 引 导从句。故填 when。 【29 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：数字工具越来越多地意味着人们通过写作与互联网互动。根据句意和 句子结构可知，句子为 that 引导的宾语从句，从句的动作现在正在发生，应用现在进行时， 句式为“主语+am/is/are+动词 ing+其他”，interact with 意为“互动”，动词短语，interact 的动词 ing 形式为 interacting。故填 interacting。 【30 题详解】 考查连词。句意：他们不是在写一个关于一个难相处的父亲的故事，也不是直接写一个在课 堂上欺负人的故事，而是创造一个虚构的电影剧本，让他们觉得很遥远，可以深入到其中。 根据句意可知，空格前后句为转折关系，涉及句型“not…but…”，意为“不是……而 是……”，连接两个并列成分，but 为连词。故填 but。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. exploring B. strengthen C. ecological D. demonstration E. involved F. construction G. issue H. recently I. protect J. environmental K. assessment China has for years been protecting and restoring natural ecology and the environment, and has established a target responsibility system to improve ecological and environmental quality, developed innovative systems of ___31___, inspection and accountability(责任), and greatly raised the level of biodiversity conservation. It has also made steady progress in the ___32___ of 25 pilot projects for ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes and grasslands, and put 90 percent of the earthly ecosystems and 85 percent of key wildlife populations under ___33___ regulations. While ___34___ ways to ensure harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, in line with the goals and vision of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, China is also helping build a global ecological civilization. China was the first country to ___35___ the National Implementation Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, has contributed to and participated in the Convention on Biological Diversity, and made notable progress toward 17 of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets and achieved some of them before schedule. (According to the ___36___ released Global Biodiversity Outlook , only six Aichi Targets have been partly met at the global level). Also, the United Nations has labelled the Kubuqi Desert in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(内蒙古自治区) as a desert ecological-economic___37___ area. And the Saihanba Afforestation Community and the “1,000 Villages in Demonstration and 10,000 Villages in Renovation” project in Zhejiang Province have won the UN “Champions of the Earth” award. Further, China has announced its carbon emissions will peak before 2030 and it will reach carbon neutrality by 2060 and thus boost the global fight against climate change and help ___38___ biodiversity. To ___39___ ecological and environmental protection, China has shifted from quantitative economic growth to high-quality, green development. China understands the organic yet complex relationship between humans and nature, between the environment and people’s livelihoods, and between conservation and development. And it has been making efforts to better understand the development model of ___40___ civilization that is different from that of industrial civilization, in order to build a green society, which will ensure harmonious coexistence of humans and nature as well as sustainable development. 【答案】31. K 32. F 33. J 34. A 35. G 36. H 37. D 38. I 39. B 40. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。长期以来，中国保护和修复自然生态和环境，建立改善生态环境质量的目 标责任制度，创新评估、检查和问责制度，生物多样性保护水平大幅提高。文章主要说明了 中国为保护和修复自然生态所做出的一些努力。 【31 题详解】 考查名词。句意：长期以来，中国保护和修复自然生态和环境，建立改善生态环境质量的目 标责任制度，创新评估、检查和问责制度，生物多样性保护水平大幅提高。此处作宾语，结 合句意表示“评估”可知应填名词 assessment，表抽象概念，不可数。故填 assessment。故 选 K。 【32 题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国也稳步推进 25 项山、水、林、湖、草生态保护修复试点工程建设， 90%的地球生态系统和 85%的重点野生动物种群实现了环境保护。此处作宾语，表示“建 设”应用名词 construction，表抽象概念，不可数。故填 construction。故选 F。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国也稳步推进 25 项山、水、林、湖、草生态保护修复试点工程建设， 90%的地球生态系统和 85%的重点野生动物种群实现了环境保护。修饰后文名词 regulations， 结合句意表示“环境”应用形容词 environmental，作定语。故填 environmental。故选 J。 【34 题详解】 考查省略句。句意：中国在探索人类与自然和谐相处之道的同时，也在按照《联合国生物多 样性公约》的目标和理念，为建设全球生态文明作出贡献。结合句意表示“探索”可知应用 动词 explore 作谓语，且 while 引导状语从句时，常省略和主句相同的主语，以及从句中的 be 动词，从句完整为 while(China is)exploring ways to ensure harmonious coexistence between humans and nature。故填 exploring。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查动词。句意：中国率先发布《2030 年可持续发展议程国别实施方案》，参与并参与了《生 物多样性公约》，在爱知生物多样性 20 个目标中，有 17 个目标取得显著进展，部分目标提 前完成。结合句意表示“发布，发行”可知应用动词 issue，且此处为不定式作定语修饰 country，上文已有不定式符号 to，应填动词原形。故填 issue。故选 G。 【36 题详解】 考查副词。句意：根据最近发布的《全球生物多样性展望》，爱知在全球范围内仅实现了 6 个目标。修饰后文动词 release，且表示“最近”应用副词 recently，作状语。故填 recently。 故选 H。 【37 题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，联合国还将内蒙古自治区的库布其沙漠列为沙漠生态经济示范区。 空处作宾语，结合句意表示“示范”可知应填名词 demonstration，表抽象概念，不可数。故 填 demonstration。故选 D。 【38 题详解】 考查动词。句意：此外，中国已宣布其碳排放将在 2030 年达到峰值，并将在 2060 年达到碳 排放中性程度，从而推动全球应对气候变化的斗争，并有助于保护生物多样性。结合句意表 示“保护”可知应用动词 protect，上文为短语 help do sth.，故应填动词原形。故填 protect。 故选 I。 【39 题详解】 考查动词。句意：为加强生态环境保护，中国经济从数量增长转向高质量绿色发展。结合句 意表示“加强”可知应填动词 strengthen，此处为不定式作目的状语，上文 to 为不定式符号， 应填动词原形。故填 strengthen。故选 B。 【40 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国一直在努力更好地理解不同于工业文明的生态文明发展模式，构建 人与自然和谐相处、可持续发展的绿色社会。修饰后文名词 civilization，表示“生态”可知 应用形容词 ecological，作定语。故填 ecological。故选 C。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska. The poles, the dancing lights, and the winter wonderlands have always attracted extreme travelers—but this time, there is more than the magical draw of the ___41___ that is inviting people up towards the corners of the globe: climate change. There’s a strange form of climate anxiety, which is driving more people to places and sights that may ___42___ to exist in the coming years or decades. Alaska ___43___ the list of climate-tempted travel destinations. The northern and otherwise-serene Alaskan village of Kaktovik ___44___ a major boom in tourism last year, as over 2,000 people appeared on its lightly ___45___ gravel(砂砾) and snowy streets. Until earlier in the decade, local news reports say, the village had fewer than 50 annual visitors. The main ___46___ now are polar bears, which are being forced into towns by a warming planet and the shrinking Arctic sea ice. All the heating is making it far easier for wildlife ___47___ and effortless bear selfies. Most visitors are reportedly from China, Europe, or the USA, often arriving on fuel-consuming chartered planes. Around the mid-1990s, researchers began ___48___ more female bears denning(筑巢) on land instead of in the ice. And seasons of tourism match up with changing bear behavior. It peaks in autumn (which is also far warmer and breezier than the forthcoming winter—and climate change is making things more pleasant in general) when sea ice is far from the shore, and bears can become ___49___ on the land until the sea freezes again in winter. A report in the Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment found, “Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States.” This year, alarming temperatures were reported from Alaska. Every day since April 25 saw above ______50______ temperatures, the longest streak in a century. While bears have their charm, melting glaciers are a landscape in their own right. With ______51______ like the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ______52______ thought, the number of tourists on ice seems to be going up consistently. Alaska’s tour companies have reported an extraordinary increase—and the number of polar cruises reportedly went up 33 percent in the last decade. Some glaciers have been marked by the rate of melt for tourists to watch and imagine the ______53______ from where they stand, much like visitors to the Berlin wall picture the past. As the landscape changes, tour companies have had to ______54______ their regular routes and hikes too—some glaciers that had ______55______ by foot only a decade ago can now only be reached by helicopter. 41. A. east B. west C. north D. south 42. A. cease B. continue C. stick D. try 43. A. releases B. reviews C. tops D. creates 44. A. saw B. indicated C. developed D. predicted 45. A. located B. populated C. upgraded D. occupied 46. A. species B. attractions C. destinations D. identifications 47. A. protecting B. evaluating C. dismissing D. spotting 48. A. training B. tempting C. feeding D. noticing 49. A. initiated B. inhabited C. stranded D. hunted 50. A. average B. comfortable C. humiliated D. global 51. A. evaluations B. predictions C. regulations D. generalizations 52. A. carefully B. beneficially C. previously D. specially 53. A. future B. currency C. temporary D. history 54. A. identify B. stabilize C. eliminate D. modify 55. A. view B. access C. network D. coast 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个特别的现象，位于极寒地区的阿拉斯加曾经人迹罕至， 现在因受到全球变暖的影响，一些景观可能从地球上永远消失，而北极熊则由于地球变暖和 北极海冰萎缩被迫进入城镇，成为旅游吸引力。人们因此蜂拥而至，这引起了当地旅游业的 变化与发展。 【41 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：极地、跳舞的灯光和冬天的仙境总是吸引着极限旅行者——但这 一次，不仅仅是北方的神奇魅力吸引着人们来到地球的角落：（还有）气候变化。A. east 东 方；东部；B. west 西方；西部；C. north 北方；北部；D. south 南方；南部。根据空前定冠 词“the”并结合前文语境“A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska.(寒冷而美丽的阿拉斯加是世界各地旅游目的地中新增的一个热 门景点。)”可知，“the ___1___”应是指阿拉斯加，结合常识可知，该地位于美国西北部， 应是“the north”表特指。故选 C 项。 【42 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一种奇怪的气候焦虑形式，这种焦虑正驱使越来越多的人去那 些在未来几年或几十年里可能不复存在的地方和景点。A. cease 停止；B. continue 继续；延 续；C. stick 刺；戳；粘住；D. try 努力；尝试。根据前文“that is inviting people up towards the corners of the globe: climate change(它正在吸引人们走近地球的角落：气候变化)”可知，应 是气候变化导致了气候焦虑的产生，而这种焦虑促使人们去游览一些受到气候变化影响的地 方，因为这些地方有可能会消失。“cease to exist”，可意为“不复存在”，符合语境表达。 故选 A 项。 【43 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿拉斯加居具气候吸引力的旅游目的地之首。A. releases 释放； 公开；B. reviews 回顾；重新考虑；C. tops 居……之首；为……之冠；D. creates 创造。根据 前文“A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska. (寒冷而美丽的阿拉斯加是世界各地旅游目的地中新增的一个热门景点。)”可知，阿 拉斯加州成为了吸引人们的热门游览胜地，居于榜首。故选 C 项。 【44 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，这个原本宁静的阿拉斯加北部村庄 Kaktovik 迎来了旅游 业的大繁荣，2000 多名游客出现在这个人口稀少的由砾石和积雪组成的街道上。A. saw 为……发生的地点；经历；目睹；B. indicated 表明；显示；C. developed 发展；开发；D. predicted 预言；预告。根据前文“Alaska ___3___ the list of climate-tempted travel destinations.”可 知，阿拉斯加是最具气候吸引力的旅游目的地，由此可知，阿拉斯加州的 Kaktovik 村应是 “亲身”经历了旅游业去年的蓬勃发展，选项 A“saw”在表达“为……发生的地点”含义 时有见证事件的意义，符合语境表达。故选 A 项。 【45 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去去年，这个原本宁静的阿拉斯加北部村庄 Kaktovik 迎来了旅 游业的大繁荣，2000 多名游客出现在这个人口稀少的由砾石和积雪组成的街道上。A. located 位于；查找……的地点；B. populated 聚居；栖息；C. upgraded 使升级；提升；D. occupied 使用；占用（空间、面积、时间等）。 根据前文“the corners of the globe(地球的角落)”可 知，这个村庄应是地球的角落之一，因此，人口稀少，即“lightly populated”，符合语境表 达。故选 B 项。 【46 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在最吸引人的是北极熊，由于地球变暖和北极海冰萎缩，它们 被迫进入城镇。A. species 物种；B. attractions 吸引力；游览胜地；C. destinations 目的地；D. identifications 鉴定；辨认。根据前文“The northern and otherwise-serene Alaskan village of Kaktovik ___4 __ a major boom in tourism last year, as over 2,000 people appeared on its lightly ___5___ gravel and snowy streets.(去年，这个原本宁静的阿拉斯加北部村庄 Kaktovik 迎来了旅游业的大繁荣，2000 多名游客出现在这个人口稀少的砾石和积雪的街道 上。)”可知，该地成为旅游胜地，本句应是在解释其成为旅游胜地的原因，即其吸引力所 在：由于地球变暖和北极海冰萎缩，北极熊被迫进入这里。故选 B 项。 【47 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的加热设备都让人们更容易看到野生动物，也更容易看到游 客与熊的自拍。A. protecting 保护；B. evaluating 评价；评估；C. dismissing 解散；解雇；开 除；D. spotting 注意到；发现。根据前文“The main ___6___ now are polar bears, which are being forced into towns by a warming planet and the shrinking Arctic sea ice.(由于地球变暖和北 极海冰萎缩，北极熊被迫进入城镇。)”可知，气候变暖使得一些野生动物受到影响而进入 人类“生活圈”，更容易被（人类）看到和发现。故选 D 项。 【48 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在 20 世纪 90 年代中期，研究人员注意到越来越多的雌性北 极熊在陆地上筑巢，而不是在冰面上。A. training 训练；培训；B. tempting 引诱；诱惑；C. feeding 喂养；饲养；D. noticing 注意到；意识到。根据句子主语为“researchers(研究人员)” 可知，应是研究动物的人员或科学家注意到雌性北极熊筑巢地的变化。故选 D 项。 【49 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它在秋天达到顶峰（秋天也远比即将到来的冬天暖和多了，气候 变化也让一切变得更愉快），此时海冰离海岸很远，北极熊会被滞留在陆地上，直到冬天海 水再次结冰。A. initiated 开始；发起；B. inhabited 居住于；C. stranded 使滞留；使搁浅；D. hunted 猎取；猎杀；搜索。根据前文“It peaks in autumn when sea ice is far from the shore” 可知，秋天时海冰离海岸很远，因此，在陆地筑巢的北极熊无法回到海洋中，会一直滞留在 陆地直到海面再次结冰，对于海洋动物而言，“stranded”意为“被搁浅；被滞留”，符合 语境表达。故选 C 项。 【50 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自 4 月 25 日以来，气温每天都高于平均水平，这是一个世纪 以来持续时间最长的一次。A. average 平均的；普通的；B. comfortable 使人舒服的；舒适的； C. humiliated 感到丢脸的；D. global 全球的；总体的。根据句子“Every day since April 25 saw above ___10 __ temperatures, the longest streak in a century.”句意表达并结合常识可知，应 是将 4 月 25 日以来每天的气温与平均气温相比较，从而对比得出这是一个世纪以来最长的 高温。故选 A 项。 【51 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项预测，冰川融化的速度可能比之前预计的快 100 倍，冰上游客的数量似乎在持续上升。A. evaluations 评估；B. predictions 预言；预测；C. regulations 法规；条例；D. generalizations 概括；一般化。根据后文“like(像)”之后的举例 内 容 “the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ___12___ thought(最近的一个（预测）冰川融化的速度可能比之前认为的快 100 倍)”可知，这应是一 种预测。故选 B 项。 【52 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项预测，冰川融化的速度可能比之前预计的快 100 倍，冰上游客的数量似乎在持续上升。A. carefully 仔细地；小心地；B. beneficially 受益地； 获利地；C. previously 以前；预先；D. specially 专门地；特别地。结合句中“With ___11___ like the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ___12___ thought”含 义可知，应是根据现在的气候变化而做出的预测与之前的想法进行了对比得出结论：冰川融 化速度要比之前想象的快上 100 倍。故选 C 项。 【53 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些冰川已经被标记为融化的速度，游客可以从他们所站的地方 观看和想象未来，就像参观柏林墙的游客描绘过去一样。A. future 将来；未来；B. currency 通货；货币；C. temporary 暂时；D. history 历史。根据前文“Some glaciers have been marked by the rate of melt for tourists to watch”可知，一些冰川已经被标示出融化速度，供游客观赏， 从而可以在所站之处想象（冰川融化后的）未来，与后文“the past(过去)”相呼应。故选 A 项。 【54 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着景观的变化，旅游公司也不得不修改他们的常规路线和徒步 旅行——一些十年前还可以步行进入的冰川现在只能通过直升机到达。A. identify 确认；认 出；鉴定；B. stabilize 使稳定；稳固；C. eliminate 排除；清除；消除；D. modify 调整；修 改。 根据前文 “As the landscape changes(随着景观的变化)”可知，旅游公司应是会根据景 观的变化调整旅游路线。故选 D 项。 【55 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着景观的变化，旅游公司也不得不修改他们的常规路线和徒步 旅行——一些十年前还可以步行进入的冰川现在只能通过直升机到达。A. view 视野；意见； 风景；B. access 通道；到达；进入；C. network 网络；D. coast 海岸；海滨。与后文“be reached(可 到达)”相呼应，应是 B 项“access”，have access (to)，“进入”。故选 B 项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The semi-finals for the League of Legends (LOL) World Championship 2020 ended on Sunday with Chinese team Suning finally defeating another Chinese team Top Esports to earn a ticket to the final against Damwon Gaming from South Korea. The result has captured the attention of Chinese netizens, showing the huge influence of esports in China. Several hashtags such as “LOL Worlds semi-finals” and “Suning gets to the final” have earned more than a billion views on China’s Twitter-like Sina Weibo as of Monday. Top Esports was one of favorites to win in the semi-finals, while Suning was commonly seen as a loser, but the latter finally broke through to win 3-1. After the game, one member of the defeated team, Karsa, shed tears at the event, which quickly became a hot topic on Sina Weibo. In a message posted to Sina Weibo after the competition, Top Esports said that they regret not making it to the final and that they felt sorry for their fans, “but our pursuit of victory will never stop. We will carry on with this regret.” Instead of blaming them for their failure, most netizens encouraged them to try again in 2021. While many media outlets are calling Suning’s win a surprise, but a commentator for an esports team based in Shanghai surnamed Zhang told the Global Times on Monday that the result is not surprising. “After Top Esports barely defeated Fnatic with a 3-2 score, I felt that the entire team, except for Karsa, performed worse than before. The middle lane and bottom lane of the team were off line when playing against Suning and did not play to their usual level,” Zhang said. He praised Suning, saying their skills were improving, “but the team still has a gap with Damwon Gaming. I hope they can lose as gloriously as possible.” Suning, which was formed by Chinese commercial retail enterprise Suning, also posted on Sina Weibo on Sunday to thank everyone who supported the team, saying that they will try their best to guard the glory of the League of Legends Pro League. Li, a Suning fan living in Shanghai, was glad to see the team she supports win. “The team has constantly grown during the Worlds this year, although all members of the team are freshmen,” she said. Li was also a little regretful for Top Esports as the team is the only one that has all Chinese members. “Making the impossible possible through hard work is the charm of esports. I think it is full of passion,” Li said, explaining why she loves esports. 56. Which team is the Chinese team Suning ready to fight against next? A. League of Legends B. Top Esports C. Damwon Gaming D. Fnatic 57. What did Mr. Zhang, the commentator, think of the failure of Top Esports? A. He thought that there was still a gap between Top Esports and Damwon Gaming. B. He thought that the result was not beyond his expectation. C. He believed that every one of the team had performed worse than ever before. D. He believed that Sunning’s winning was just a lucky thing. 58. Which of the following statements about the team Suning is correct? A. The team is to fight against Damwon Gaming from South Korea in the semi-final. B. The team is financed by a commercial retail enterprise. C. The team consists of all Chinese members. D. The team is now equivalent to Damwon Gaming. 【答案】56. C 57. B 58. B 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。2020 年英雄联盟世界锦标赛半决赛在周日结束，中国战队苏宁队最终 击败了另一支中国战队 Top Esports，获得了与韩国 Damwon Gaming 的决赛门票。文章主要 介绍了苏宁队在此次比赛中的表现以及人们对它获胜的一些看法。 【56 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 “The semi-finals for the League of Legends (LOL) World Championship 2020 ended on Sunday with Chinese team Suning finally defeating another Chinese team Top Esports to earn a ticket to the final against Damwon Gaming from South Korea.(2020 年 英雄联盟世界锦标赛半决赛在周日结束，中国战队苏宁最终击败了另一支中国战队 Top Esports，获得了与韩国 Damwon Gaming 的决赛门票)”可知，苏宁接下来准备对阵的是 Damwon Gaming。故选 C。 【57 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段“While many media outlets are calling Suning’s win a surprise, but a commentator for an esports team based in Shanghai surnamed Zhang told the Global Times on Monday that the result is not surprising.(尽管许多媒体都称苏宁的胜利是个惊喜，但上海某电 竞团队的一名张姓评论员周一告诉《环球时报》，这个结果并不令人惊讶)”以及第八段 ““After Top Esports barely defeated Fnatic with a 3-2 score, I felt that the entire team, except for Karsa, performed worse than before. The middle lane and bottom lane of the team were off line when playing against Suning and did not play to their usual level,” Zhang said.("在 Top Esports 以 3-2 的比分勉强击败 Fnatic 之后，我觉得除了 Karsa 之外，整个队伍的表现比之前更差。 与苏宁比赛时，队伍的中线和下线都出现了脱线的情况，没有发挥出平时的水平。"张说)” 可知，评论员张先生对 Top Esports 失败的看法是他认为结果没有超出他的预料。故选 B。 【58 题详解】 细节 理解题。 根据倒数 第五段“Suning, which was formed by Chinese commercial retail enterprise Suning, also posted on Sina Weibo on Sunday to thank everyone who supported the team, saying that they will try their best to guard the glory of the League of Legends Pro League.(周日，由中国商业零售企业苏宁集团成立的苏宁团队也在新浪微博上发帖，感谢支 持该团队的所有人，称他们将尽最大努力捍卫英雄联盟职业联赛的荣誉)”可知，关于苏宁 团队的陈述中，B 选项“团队由一家商业零售企业资助”正确。故选 B。 (B) People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest, high in the Himalayans, is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth. It reaches 8,848 meters into the sky. Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top. The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years, leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding. In 2019, 955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop. Only 222 people did so in 2000. The study noted that on a single day in May of last year, 396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top. The area, known as the “death zone,” is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through, one directly behind another. Nine climbers died on Everest in May 2019. It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain. A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online. Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year. “Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death” of Everest climbers, the study said. However, overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous. “If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness,” said Raymond B. Huey, lead writer of the report. An unexpected storm, earthquake, or landslide could be disastrous, he told Reuters by email. Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest. Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides, and meet physical fitness and experience qualifications, said tourism department official Mira Acharya. Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis. Now they are open again. However, Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted. More than 6,000 people have climbed Mount Everest since 1953, when New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers known to reach the top. At least 311 climbers have died trying. 59. Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005, how many of them reached the top? A. 300. B. 400. C. 500. D. 600 60. Why does overcrowding make the climbing more dangerous? A. Because it surprisingly leads to death for those climbers. B. Because it stopped the climbers from reaching the top at the area called “death zone”. C. Because it exposes climbers to increasing risk of an accident or illness. D. Because it gets climbers stranded in “death zone” and unable to get further supplies. 61. According to the report, what is the possible reason for overcrowding? A. More people want to experience the climbing to the top of Mount Everest. B. A picture of climbers waiting to reach the top inspires more people to give it a try. C. Nepal government gives climbers permission without restrictions. D. More people want to climb the Mount Everest before Nepal takes restrictions. 62. What is the general idea of this passage? A. Climbers are more likely to lose their lives before Reaching Top of Mount Everest. B. More climbers need to be trained before climbing Mount Everest. C. Enough experience in climbing mountains matters so much. D. Climbers are twice as likely to reach top of Mount Everest than in Past. 【答案】59. A 60. C 61. C 62. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述目前攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是 20 年前的两倍， 在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比 20 年前少了一倍。并简要介绍了导致登山者死亡或患病的 原因。 【59 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 “Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.（在 2006 年至 2019 年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前 的 15 年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）”可知，在 1991 年到 2004 期间只有 1/3 的人登 顶成功。由此可推知，如果 1990 年到 2005 年有 900 人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为： 900×1/3=300 人。故选 A。 【60 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第五段““If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness,（如果拥挤减缓登山 者的速度(正如预期的那样)，就会增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，这就会增加发生事故 或患病的风险。）”可知，因为过度拥挤会增加登山者发生事故或患病的风险，所以这会让登 山变得更困难。故选 C。 【61 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest. （登山者们表示担心，任何愿意向 政府支付 1.1 万美元的人都可以攀登珠穆朗玛峰。）”可推知，尼泊尔政府给予登山者无限 制的许可，这可能是导致登山拥挤的原因。故选 C。 【62 题详解】 主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. （一项新 的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是 20 年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可 能性也比 20 年前少了一倍。）”可知，本文主要讲述登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰的可能性是过去 的两倍。故选 D。 (C) The State-Of-The-Art-Tech Behind Fighting Fires How are today’s firefighters dealing with massive wildfires? They’re doing it by using the most advanced technology. Whether it’s with a modified jumbo jet or innovative thermal(热的) imaging cameras, we take a look at the tech behind fighting some of the world’s most overwhelming fires. Teams fighting against the California wildfires used the Global SuperTanker – a modified jumbo jet that carries almost 73,000 liters (19,200 gallons) of fire retardant(阻燃剂) – alongside the S-64 Aircrane heavy-lifting helicopter, which carries 10,000 liters (2,200 gallons) of water. These air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire spread through sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data. Fed into hi-tech computer modelling software, they can help predict the fire’s behavior and possible spread patterns. Computer models are able to provide small area coverage only meters wide, mapping territory and airflow. Fires are especially responsive to wind conditions and these tools allow firefighters to determine the passage of flames at ground level. But manned aircrafts need a large investment in maintenance and crew training. Command and control centers are turning to unmanned aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional capabilities. Small quadcopters(四旋翼机) and larger fixed-wing aircraft can fly over fires for much longer periods. Smoke can cover the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews – However, this is not a problem for drones. Onboard high definition, infrared(红外辐射的) and thermal imaging cameras can provide direction to ground teams, spot vital infrastructure (including power or water lines), and identify dangerous or flammable objects. Infrared and thermal cameras can see through smoke to monitor ground teams and let them know when conditions change. Unmanned aircraft can provide aerial images, heat maps, and temperature scales of fire zones. Specialist drones can even carry hoses to less accessible areas. In the future, swarms of autonomous drones could be used to track wildfires and spot fire spread. Thermal imaging technology has become widespread and less expensive to use. Handheld cameras and devices that attach to smartphones allow firefighters to see through smoke and find active fire hotspots, or undergrowth that is burning without producing smoke. Identifying these hotspots allows crews to target the most active and dangerous parts of a wildfire and divert manpower to tackle it more effectively. Augmented reality helmets that include breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground team’s capabilities. Thermal cameras inside the helmets mean that firefighters can operate in environments completely obscured by smoke. At the same time, they can wirelessly transmit information on what is happening at the frontline to command and control points. Robots are also making a difference. The Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue services. It collects data in environments with reduced visibility using radar, a laser scanner, a thermal camera and gas sensors. Smokebot can help in forest fire situations mapping large areas filled with dust or smoke, where it is too risky to send in rescue personnel. Earth-observing satellites commonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their cameras and remote sensors are used to estimate the fire’s evolution and provide situational awareness that saves lives. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi NPP satellite gives near real-time data to NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) on active fires across the world. Finally, to get the bigger picture on fire tracking and monitoring, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey uses data from the Landsat Earth-observing satellites. Data gathered from every major fire in the country since 1984 has been fed into computer models to help predict and prevent wildfires. 63. What does the underlined “they”, in the third paragraph, refer to? A. Current firefighters tackling massive wildfires. B. The modified jumbo jets and art thermal imaging cameras. C. The data gained from sensors and video feeds, plus GPS information. D. The air tankers used to put out flames and monitor fire spread. 64. Which of the following is not the advantages of drones over manned aircrafts in tackling massive wildfires? A. Drones don’t need much fuel when putting out wildfires and identifying the causes of fires. B. Less money is needed in training crews when drones are available. C. Drones won’t come across any breathing problems when in work. D. Drones needs much less investment in maintenance. 65. Which of the following advanced technologies is not mentioned in the passage? A. Swarms of autonomous drones used to extinguish wildfires from air. B. AR helmets with breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided. C. Drones with high definition, infrared and thermal imaging cameras onboard. D. Earth-observing satellites equipped with cameras and remote sensors. 66. Which of the following statements about Smokebot is true? A. It was created by a Swiss university to assist fire and rescue services. B. It can help to send rescue personnel to a fire spot. C. It can help draw a map of large areas and fill the regions with dust or smoke. D. It collects data using advanced technology where visibility is reduced due to fires. 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. A 66. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。今天的消防员如何应对大规模的野火？短文介绍了他们使用最先进的技术 和装备。 【63 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“These air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire spread through sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data.”可知，这些空中加油机被用来扑灭火焰， 并通过传感器和与 GPS 数据相结合的视频信号来监测火势蔓延。由此可知，输入高科技计 算机建模软件，从传感器和视频中获取的数据，加上 GPS 信息可以帮助预测火灾的行为和 可能的蔓延模式。所以 they 指代的是“从传感器和视频中获取的数据，加上 GPS 信息”。 故选 C 项。 【64 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“But manned aircrafts need a large investment in maintenance and crew training. Command and control centers are turning to unmanned aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional capabilities.” 但是载人飞机需要在维护和机组人员培训方面进行大量 投资。指挥和控制中心正转向无人驾驶飞机，以降低成本并提供额外的能力。根据第五段 “Smoke can cover the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews – However, this is not a problem for drones.” 烟雾可以在数天内覆盖地面，或者对空勤人员构 成严重的呼吸风险——然而，这对无人机不是问题。由此可知，A 选项“无人机在扑灭野火 和确定火灾原因时不需要太多燃料。” 不是无人机在处理大规模野火时比有人驾驶飞机的 优势。故选 A 项。 【65 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Onboard high definition, infrared(红外辐射的) and thermal imaging cameras can provide direction to ground teams, spot vital infrastructure (including power or water lines), and identify dangerous or flammable objects.” 机载高清晰度红外和热成像摄像机可以为地面团队提供方向，发现重要的基础设施(包括电 力或供水管道)，并识别危险或易燃物体。根据倒数第五段“Augmented reality helmets that include breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground team’s capabilities.” 包括呼吸装置和计算机视觉辅助显示器 的增强现实头盔增加了地面团队的能力。根据倒数第三段“Earth-observing satellites commonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their cameras and remote sensors are used to estimate the fire’s evolution and provide situational awareness that saves lives.” 地球观测卫星通常能探测到荒野地区的野火。他们的摄像机和远程传感器用于估 计火灾的演变，并提供态势感知，从而挽救生命。由此可知，A 选线“成群的无人驾驶飞机 被用来从空中熄灭野火。”这项技术在文中没有被提及。故选 A 项。 【66 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue services. It collects data in environments with reduced visibility using radar, a laser scanner, a thermal camera and gas sensors.”(Smokebot 机器人是由瑞典一所大学开发的，用于 协助消防和救援服务。它利用雷达、激光扫描仪、热像仪和气体传感器在能见度较低的环境 中收集数据)可知“Smokebot 在由于火灾而降低了能见度的环境中，利用先进的技术收集数 据”这一表述正确。故选 D 项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. If you want to make sure that you understand this story as fully as possible, you might consider printing the article and reading it on paper. That is one of the findings of a recent study of research done on the differences between paper and screen reading. Virginia Clinton, a professor of Education, Health and Behavior at the University of North Dakota, carried out the research examination. She found what she called a “small but significant” difference in reading text from screen versus paper. Clinton’s examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and improved a person’s performance on tests connected to the reading material. And, she found no major differences in reading speed between the two. ____67____ Such differences were notable only when the reading materials were expositive texts — or explanatory and based on fact. Clinton said she found no major difference when it came to narrative, fictional texts. Clinton also found that paper readers usually have a higher recognition of how well they have understood a text than screen readers. This skill is called metacognition. ____68____ “Metacognition” simply means thinking about one’s own thinking. Clinton and other researchers have found screen readers often believe they understand a text better than they really do. And, they are more likely than paper readers to overestimate how well they would do on a test of the materials they have read. She said, “We think that we’re reading the story or the book better than we actually are. We think we understand what we are reading better than how we are actually reading.” Yet, this inflated sense of understanding, or overconfidence, is especially common among screen readers. There are many possible reasons for such findings. Overconfidence of screen readers, for example, could be the result of a distracted, less focused mind. ___69___ Research shows the majority of people — of all ages — prefer reading from paper. But, if someone prefers screen reading to paper reading, that person’s understanding of the material is not likely to suffer. Clinton said, “If you are enjoying the reading process, you’re going to be more involved. You’re going to be paying better attention. Preferences are a key issue here.” ___70___ “If you are reading from paper, your mind thinks, ‘This is something important. I need to pay attention to it’,” Clinton said. Although her findings may support paper reading over screen reading, Clinton says she does not believe screen reading should be avoided. Instead, she points to new and developing tools that can be used to improve a screen reader’s understanding and focus. A. Several studies show that people often think of paper materials as more important and serious. B. A less focused mind on books may find its way to focus on screen. C. In other words, paper reading was found to be more efficient. D. Reader preference is also important, she said. E. That is to say, paper and screen reading have no effect on one’s getting information. F. The word “cognition” means the mental action of increasing knowledge and understanding. 【答案】67. C 68. F 69. D 70. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北达科他州大学教育、健康和行为学教授维吉尼亚·克林顿 的一项新研究——从屏幕上阅读文本和从纸上阅读文本存在她所谓的“微小但重要的”差 异，研究称纸上阅读比屏幕阅读更有效。 【67 题详解】 上文“Clinton’s examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and improved a person’s performance on tests connected to the reading material. And, she found no major differences in reading speed between the two.(克林顿的研究发现，从纸上阅读通常能 更好地理解并提高一个人在与阅读材料相关的测试中的表现。而且，她发现两者在阅读速度 上没有太大差异)”说明纸上阅读和屏幕阅读在速度上没有太大差异，但是能更好地理解并 提高一个人在与阅读材料相关的测试中的表现。也就是说，纸上阅读的效率更高。由此可知， C. In other words, paper reading was found to be more efficient.(换句话说，人们发现阅读纸张的 效率更高)符合题意。故选 C。 【68 题详解】 上文“Clinton also found that paper readers usually have a higher recognition of how well they have understood a text than screen readers. This skill is called metacognition.(克林顿还发现纸质 阅读者通常比屏幕阅读者对理解一篇文章的程度有更高的认知。这种技能被称为元认知)” 及下文““Metacognition” simply means thinking about one’s own thinking.(“元认知”只是指 思考自己的想法)”说明此处在介绍对比与认知技能有关的术语。由此可知，F. The word “cognition” means the mental action of increasing knowledge and understanding.(“认知”一词 的意思是增加知识和理解的心理活动)符合题意。故选 F。 【69 题详解】 下文“Research shows the majority of people — of all ages — prefer reading from paper. But, if someone prefers screen reading to paper reading, that person’s understanding of the material is not likely to suffer.(研究表明，大多数人——各年龄段的人——更喜欢从纸上阅读。但是，如果 有人更喜欢屏幕阅读而不是纸质阅读，他对材料的理解就不太可能受到影响)”说明一个人 的偏好会影响对材料的理解。由此可知，D. Reader preference is also important, she said.(她说， 读者偏好也很重要)符合题意。故选 D。 【70 题详解】 下文““If you are reading from paper, your mind thinks, ‘This is something important. I need to pay attention to it’,” Clinton said.(“如果你从纸上阅读，你的大脑会想，‘这是重要的东西。 我需要关注这个问题”，克林顿说)”说明人们对纸质材料更重视。由此可知，A. Several studies show that people often think of paper materials as more important and serious.(多项研究 表明，人们通常认为纸质材料更重要、更严肃)符合题意。故选 A。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s. of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Things to Do After You Study Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. When many students finish studying, they often go straight to another activity. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have too much stimulation from electronic devices, games, lights and so on. While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning - what is called “wakeful rest.” A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember, or recollect, information from prose passages after doing wakeful rest. The findings appeared in Neuroscience Letters. This study involved 45 younger people and 40 elderly adults.” Wakeful resting led to higher overall recollection in both age groups,” the researchers noted. If you want to give “wakeful rest” a try, here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look at your phone, read stories or play games. Just limit the amount of stimulation you get. It is really that easy! In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways. A report on the school's website explains that “a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot learn efficiently.” It also says, “sleep itself has a role in the consolidation of memory, which is essential for learning new information.” Robert Stickgold, a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, noted that new memories can be hard to keep. “When we first form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile form,” he said. Sleep is important for forming memories. Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information. Try to get some “wakeful rest” after a study session. Then try to get a good night's sleep. That's a simple way to help you remember what you learn. 【答案】There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories. 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，有两种不花钱的方法可以帮助你提高学习质量：良好的休 息和睡眠。学习后休息可以帮助你记住所学的内容。通过在学习后减少你的活动，你的大脑 得到了休息的机会。此外，睡眠对学习和形成记忆也很重要。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. ②But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. ③The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. ④In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. Sleep is important for forming memories. 2.缜密构思 将第 1 个要点进行总说，将第 2、3、4 三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.运用了 动名词短语作主语对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型 2] In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.用动名词短 语作宾语对倒数第二段进行了概括。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 难道发展中国家不能举办世界博览会吗？（host）（汉译英） 【答案】Can’t a developing country host a world expo? 【解析】 【详解】考查疑问句和固定短语。can’t 位于句首，构成否定疑问句，有“惊异、责难”的 意思，此处表示“难道不能……”；根据句意表示“发展中国家”可知短语为 a developing country，作主语；表示“举办世界博览会”短语为 host a world expo；故翻译为 Can’t a developing country host a world expo? 73. 今天我做了别人不愿做的事情，明天我就能做到别人做不到的事情。(accomplish) （汉 译英） 【答案】Today I will do what others won’t do so tomorrow I can accomplish what others can’t. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句、一般将来时以及动词。分析句子结构本句需要用一般将来时表示未 发生的事情。表示“别人不愿意做”应用 others won’t do ，是动词“做”的宾语；此处应该 使用 what 作为宾语从句的连接词，作从句的宾语。所以前半句为：Today I will do what others won’t do.“完成”accomplish 动词。“其他人不能做的事情”是“完成”的宾语，情态动词 can’t 之后省略动词 accomplish。accomplish 为及物动词，及物动词之后需要接宾语，用 what 引导宾语从句，故翻译为 Today I will do what others won’t do so tomorrow I can accomplish what others can’t. 74. 毫无疑问，我们现在的头等大事就是为受灾地区输送食物及药品物资。（priority）（汉译 英） 【答案】There is no doubt that our top priority right now is to send food and medical supplies to the disaster-hit area. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、短语和时态。结合句意表示“毫无疑问……”句型为 there is no doubt that；that 从句中为“主系表”句型，表示“头等大事”短语为 top priority，作主语，后跟不 定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容，表示“为……输送……”短语为 send sth. to…；表示“药 品物资”短语为 medical supplies；表示“受灾地区”短语为 the disaster-hit area；结合语境， 时态为一般现在时。故翻译为 There is no doubt that our top priority right now is to send food and medical supplies to the disaster-hit area. 75. 不论你擅长什么，只要为人真诚、助人为乐，又有幽默感，就会拥有真正的朋友。(whatever) （汉译英） 【答案】Whatever you are good at, you will make true friends as long as you are sincere, are willing to help others and have a sense of humor. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为让步状语从句，表示“不论什么”应用 whatever 引导，从句中根据句意“擅长”可知短语为 be good at，陈述客观事实应用一般现 在时；主句主语为 you，根据句意表示“拥有真正的朋友”可翻译为 make true friends，结合 语境应用一般将来时；主句后跟条件状语从句，表示“只要”应用 as long as 引导；根据句 意表示“为人真诚”可用形容词 sincere 作表语；表示“乐于助人”短语为 be willing to do sth.；表示“有幽默感”短语为 have a sense of humor，此处主句为一般将来时，从句应用一 般现在时。故翻译为 Whatever you are good at, you will make true friends as long as you are sincere, are willing to help others and have a sense of humor. VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请给三年前刚结束了中考的你自己写一封信，回顾即将过去的三年高中生活和学习， 你觉得现在的你能够给三年前的你一些什么建议，并说明理由。 【答案】Dear Frank, Three years later, you will become me, a Senior 3 student. I’m very glad to know you will be senior middle school student next term. Congratulations! The life of high school is like a short but precious journey full of happiness and sorrow. Here I would like to share some of my suggestions with you. To begin with, it’s important to find a proper learning method which is suitable for you because an effective study method can make you get twice as much done with half the effort. In addition, more attention should be paid to reading, which will broaden your horizons and benefit your future life. Last but not least, learn to be optimistic about life, for you’ll encounter many difficulties or setbacks. I hope you can enjoy your life and make great progress in study. Yours, Frank 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给给三年前刚结束中考、即将上高中的自己写一封建议 信。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 请给三年前刚结束了中考的你自己写一封信，回顾即将过去的三年高中生活和学习，你觉得 现在的你能够给三年前的你一些什么建议，并说明理由。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） senior middle school student; precious; full of; happiness and sorrow; would like to; share sth. with; to begin with; effective; in addition; broaden one’s horizons; be optimistic about; encounter; make great progress 第三步：连词成句 1. I’m very glad to know you will be senior middle school student next term. 2.The life of high school is like a short but precious journey full of happiness and sorrow. 3. Here I would like to share some of my suggestions with you. 4. To begin with, it’s important to find a proper learning method which is suitable for you because an effective study method can make you get twice as much done with half the effort. 5. In addition, more attention should be paid to reading, which will broaden your horizons and benefit your future life. 6. Last but not least, learn to be optimistic about life, for you’ll encounter many difficulties or setbacks. 7. I hope you can enjoy your life and make great progress in study. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表并列补充关系：In addition 2.表因果关系：Because，for 3.表结构顺序：To begin with，Last but not least 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] To begin with, it’s important to find a proper learning method which is suitable for you because an effective study method can make you get twice as much done with half the effort. (运用了 which 引导定语从句，because 引导原因状语从句) [高分句型 2] Last but not least, learn to be optimistic about life, for you’ll encounter many difficulties or setbacks. (运用了 for 引导原因状语从句)