江苏省南京市秦淮区2020届高三第一次模拟英语试题 Word版含解析 34页

www.ks5u.com ‎2020届高三第一次模拟考试适应性测试 英语试题 第I卷 选择題（共三部分 满分85分）‎ 第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题 和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. What did the woman do last Saturday?‎ A. She saw a play. B. She acted in a play. C. She went to the tea house.‎ ‎2. How does Gillian feel?‎ A. Sick. B. Well. C. Confused.‎ ‎3. How does the woman go to work A. By car. B. By bike. C. On foot.‎ ‎4. What does the woman mean?‎ A. She has only one coat so she can't choose.‎ B. She doesn't wear a coat since she hasn't one.‎ C. She has a coat but she doesn't want to wear it.‎ ‎5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?‎ A. She might want a ticket.‎ B. She is looking for the man.‎ C. She has an extra ticket.‎ 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B, C三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小 题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。‎ ‎6. What is the relationship between the two speakers?‎ A. Travel agent and customer. B. Husband and wife. C. Boss and secretary.‎ ‎7. When will the meetings end?‎ - 34 -‎ A. At 3:00 pm. B. At 5:00 pm. C. At 6:30 pm.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8. Where does the man want to send the letter?‎ A. To Beijing. B. To New York. C. To London.‎ ‎9. What does the woman say about EMS?‎ A. It's cheaper than ordinary mail.‎ B. It's slower than ordinary mail.‎ C. It's faster and safer than ordinary mail.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10. Why does the man seldom do exercise?‎ A. He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.‎ ‎11. Why does the woman speak of a study?‎ A. To recommend an exercise. B. To encourage the man. C. To support her findings.‎ ‎12. How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?‎ A. 300 minutes. B. 150 minutes. C. 75 minutes.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13. How does the woman want to pay?‎ A. With her Smartphone. B. By credit card. C. In cash.‎ ‎14. What does the man think of PayPal?‎ A. It is free. B. It is popular. C. It isn't very fast.‎ ‎15. Where is Venmo accepted?‎ A. At many small shops. B. At most large stores. C. At a lot of restaurants.‎ ‎16. What does the woman offer to do for the man?‎ A. Download the app. B. Send him an invitation. C. Lend him some money.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. When did it rain here?‎ A. Three days ago. B. A month ago. C. A year ago.‎ ‎1 8. What season is it now?‎ A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn.‎ ‎19. What are the elderly advised to do?‎ - 34 -‎ A. Keep their homes cool.‎ B. Drink plenty of water.‎ C. Take a walk in the afternoon.‎ ‎20. What is the speaker doing?‎ A. Forecasting the weather. B. Conducting a survey. C. Hosting a radio program.‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）' .‎ 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项”并. 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎1.Patience is a quality _____ success feeds on itself.‎ A. where B. what C. that D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：耐心是成功的源泉。分析句子可知，quality为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。‎ ‎(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。‎ ‎(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句 分析句子可知，quality为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选A项。‎ ‎2.Have you ever waited for your bus for a very long time, _____ by two or more buses arriving together?‎ A. only to greet B. only greeted C. only to be greeted D. only greeting ‎【答案】C - 34 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你是否曾经等了很长时间的车，结果却是两辆或更多的车同时来接你?。only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果，且主语you与greet在逻辑上是被动关系。故选C项。‎ ‎3.Hemingway used what he learned from his life in Italy to show that war _____ the best and worst in men and women.‎ A. holds out B. brings out C. puts out D. hands out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：海明威从他在意大利的生活中学到的东西告诉我们，战争会让男人和女人表现出最好和最坏的一面。A. holds out 伸出；B. brings out 使(某物)显现出来；C. puts out扑灭；D. hands out 分发。由“the best and worst in men and women”可知，brings out“使(某物)显现出来”符合句意。故选B项。‎ ‎4.I've had enough of your talking! It's time to _____ words into action!‎ A. transfer B. transport C. transmit D. translate ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我受够了你的废话! 是时候把话语变成行动了！。A. transfer 使转移；B. transport运输；C. transmit 传送；D. translate 使转化。由“I've had enough of your talking!”可知，translate sth into action把转化为行动, 符合句意。故选D项。‎ ‎5.Jack had planned to visit his grandparents last weekend, but an emergency _____ and he had to reschedule.‎ A. should come up B. had come up C. came up D. would come up ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查时态。句意：杰克原计划上周末去看望他的祖父母，但突然发生了一件紧急事情，他不得不重新安排时间。由“he had to - 34 -‎ ‎ reschedule”可知，and连接的两个句子都为一般过去时。故选C项。‎ ‎6.A former tai chi world champion is teaching tai chi classes in New York _____ broadening the appeal of Chinese culture.‎ A. in place of B. in hope of . C. in praise of D. in case of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一位前太极世界冠军正在纽约教授太极课程，希望以此扩大中国文化的吸引力。A. in place of取代；B. in hope of 怀着……的希望；C. in praise of赞扬；D. in case of万一。由“teaching tai chi classes in New York，broadening the appeal of Chinese culture”可知， in hope of “怀着……的希望”符合句意。故选B项。‎ ‎7._____ having a roommate inevitably has its challenges, it can also be a great part of your college experience.‎ A. While B. When C. As D. If ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查从属连词辨析。句意：尽管拥有一个室友不可避免地会有一些挑战，但它也可以成为你大学生活中很棒的一部分。A. While尽管；B. When当时；C. As 当时；D. If如果。分析句意可知，本句为while引导的让步状语从句。故选A项。‎ ‎8._____ by a burning desire for adventure, Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.‎ A. Having driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Driven ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查过去分词。句意：由于对冒险的强烈渴望，李白在二十出头的时候离开了家，开始四处旅行。分析句子可知， Li Bai与drive在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选D项。‎ ‎9.―Why are you so excited?‎ ‎—I met Tommy just now. We _____ each other for ages.‎ - 34 -‎ A. haven’t seen B. didn't see C. hadn't seen D. don't see ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查时态。句意：―你为什么这么高兴?―我刚才遇到汤米了。我们很久没有见面了。分析句子可知，空处所要选择的动词的动作发生在“ met ”这个过去动作之前，也就是动作发生在过去的过去，所以本句为过去完成时。故选C项。‎ ‎10.He was on the scene and saw what happened, which makes him the only witness who provides an ______ account.‎ A. authentic B. ambiguous C. arbitrary D. artificial ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他当时在现场，看到了发生的一切，所以他是唯一能提供真实情况的目击证人。A. authentic真实的；B. ambiguous模糊的； C. arbitrary武断的；D. artificial人造的。由“He was on the scene and saw what happened”可知，他当时在现场，看到了发生的一切，所以他是唯一能提供真实情况的目击证人。故选A项。‎ ‎11.The Oxford Dictionary is useful for you to learn English, so you'd better buy _____.‎ A. it B. one C. that D. the one ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：牛津词典对你学英语很有用，所以你最好买一本。one表示泛指，代指的是同类不同物的事物，相当于a/an+单数名词。本句泛指买一本牛津词典。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】it/one/that的用法和区别 I.it／one ／that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词.一般说来,it指代同名同物，能用作形式主语或者形式宾语。 one与that则指代同名异物.‎ ‎2.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指,相当于the ＋名词.所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that.‎ ‎3.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones;‎ - 34 -‎ ‎ that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用 those.‎ ‎4.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人.有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those.‎ ‎5.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语.而 that不能有前置修饰语。‎ 分析析句子可知，one表示泛指，代指的是同类不同物的事物，相当于a/an+单数名词。本句泛指买一本牛津词典。故选B项。‎ ‎12.It is estimated that 12.79 million new urban jobs have been created this year, which almost doubles _____ it was last year.‎ A. how B. which C. where D. what ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：据估计，今年城市新增就业岗位1279万个，几乎是去年的两倍。分析句子可知，double后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少表语，所以由what来充当表语。故选D项。‎ ‎13.— Tommy, you seem to be overjoyed!‎ ‎—_____ ? I have just received the offer from the Sydney University.‎ A. Guess what B. What for C. What if D. So what ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查交际用语及习惯表达。句意：—Tommy，你看起来很高兴! 猜猜怎么着？ —我刚收到悉尼大学的录取通知。A. Guess what你猜猜看；B. What for因为什么；C. What if 假若……怎么办； D. So what那又怎样；分析句意可知，Guess what“你猜猜看”符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎14.There is no quick fix for the climate crisis we're facing right now. To talk about alternative energy is merely to _____ of something much deeper.‎ A. push the limits B. give it the edge C. scratch the surface D. land on the feet ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们现在面临的气候危机没有快速的解决办法。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎ 谈论替代能源只不过是触及更深层次的东西的表面。A. push the limits 推向极限； B. give it the edge有优势；C. scratch the surface 触及表面；D. land on the feet 安全摆脱困境。由“There is no quick fix for the climate crisis we're facing right now和merely”可知，“scratch the surface 触及表面”符合句意。故选C项。‎ ‎15.The actor lately released a new film, which has met with a mixed _____ from his fans.‎ A. assumption B. reception C. composition D. description ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位演员最近发行了一部新电影，影迷们对此反应不一。A. assumption 假定； B. reception 反应；C. composition 混合； D. description描述。这位演员最近发行了一部新电影，所以影迷们对此反应不一。所以reception“反应”符合句意。故B选项。‎ 第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ For years, I thought a present and a gift as the same thing.‎ I grew up in a household where presents marked special ___16___ There was always a box for each of us under the tree at Christmas. ___17___ Dad always gave Mom something each Valentines Day and anniversary. He would carefully plan his shopping trips to find just the ___18___thing. His joy in the hunt was proof of the ___19___ of giving and of his love for her. I saw these presents as the ___20___ of a husband's devotion.‎ So when I married a man who did not give presents on a regular basis, it was a(an)___21___.‎ I wrestled with my ___22___ . Gary did not___23___ avoid gift-giving. Gary would return from sea ___24___ with a brown paper bag inside of which was something that reminded him of me.‎ I tried to change him___25___.I prepared gifts for Christmas and for his birthdays ‎ - 34 -‎ ‎___26___ .‎ He appreciated the caring, but refused to do the same thing for me.‎ I dropped hints, they fell on___27___ ears.‎ I began to tell him what I wanted, giving___28___ instructions. When Gary left for the market one Saturday, I asked him to find me diamond earrings as a birthday present. Yet he came home with a road scraper （刮路机）.‎ ‎___29___when the snowstorm Mt later that year and he was at sea, I used the road scraper to plow （犁）out both our driveway and our neighbor's, thinking how___30___ earrings would have been was then that I realized he had been giving me gifts ail along. The gestures, large and small, born of his caring and concern were the ___31___that he gave daily.‎ We ___32___to teach others how to love us. In that struggle, we often forget how to ___33___the love they already give us as only they can give it.‎ I finally began to understand the___34___ between a present and a gift. A present is a thing. But a gift is a small act of kindness, the willingness to___35___to another's needs, the sacrifice of time and effort.‎ ‎16. A. locations B. situations C. occasions D. conditions ‎17. A. Additionally B. Originally C. Fortunately D. Consequently ‎18. A. cheap B. astonishing C. splendid D. right ‎19. A. pleasure B. ambition C. intention D. addiction ‎20. A. example B. emphasis C. reminder D. expression ‎21. A. improvement B. adjustment C. despair D. disaster :‎ ‎22. A. expectations B. dilemma C. conscience 、 D. anxiety ‎23. A. actively B. willingly C. intentionally D. wholly ‎24. A. supplied B. armed C. decorated D. filled - 34 -‎ ‎25. A. by tradition B. by force C. by example D. by accident ‎26. A. on purpose B. in order C. at random D. on time ‎27. A. sharp B. big C. deaf D. sensitive ‎28. A. some B. specific C. brief D. unusual ‎29. A. And B. So C. Though D. But ‎30. A. precious B. practical C. useless D. ugly ‎31. A. promises B. gifts C. blessings D. instructions ‎32. A. struggle B. fail C. attempt D. decide ‎33. A. express B. appreciate C. return D. share ‎34. A. distance B. similarity C. difference D. conflict ‎35. A. subscribe B. take C. connect D. bend ‎【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了多年来，作者一直认为present和gift是是一回事，作者小时候耳濡目染了父亲对母亲的爱，在作者眼里只有像父亲在特殊的场合送给母亲礼物才是真爱，但是作者嫁的这个人却很少给自己买礼物，作者有一次让丈夫给自己买耳环作为生日礼物，但收到的却是一台刮路机。那年下起来暴风雪，丈夫当时在海上，作者用刮路机把自家的车道和邻居的车道都铲平了，作者当时想耳环是多么无用，这才意识到丈夫已经送给了她礼物。作者也终于弄明白了present和gift的区别。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在一个大家庭里长大，在这个家庭里，礼物象征着特殊的场合。A. locations位置；B. situations情况；C. occasions场合；D. conditions条件。由下文的“ Christmas，Valentines Day and anniversary”可知，只有像圣诞节，情人节和周年纪念日这样的节日，才能收到礼物，所以礼物象征着特殊的场合。故选C项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ - 34 -‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，爸爸总是在每个情人节和周年纪念日给妈妈送一些礼物。A. Additionally此外；B. Originally最初；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Consequently因此。本句表示进一步补充的说明，说明爸爸总是在每个情人节和周年纪念日给妈妈送一些礼物。故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他会仔细计划他的购物之旅，以找到合适的东西。A. cheap便宜的；B. astonishing令人惊讶的；C. splendid极好的；D. right合适的。由“He would carefully plan his shopping trips”可知，仔细计划他的购物之旅，就是为了找到合适的东西。故选D项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在寻找商品时的喜悦证明了他给予她的快乐和对她的爱。A. pleasure快乐；B. ambition野心；C. intention意图；D. addiction痴迷。由“His joy”可知，他在寻找商品时的喜悦证明了他给予她的快乐和对她的爱。故选A项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把这些礼物看作是丈夫对妻子钟爱的表现。A. example例子；B. emphasis强调；C. reminder起提醒作用的事物；D. expression表现。作者认为，丈夫对妻子的钟爱是通过礼物的形式表现出来的。故选D项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我嫁给一个不经常送礼物的男人时，也需要调整自己的心态。A. improvement提高；B. adjustment调整；C. despair失望；D. disaster 灾难。由上文可知，作者认为，丈夫对妻子的钟爱是通过礼物的形式表现出来的，但现在作者嫁给一个不经常送礼物的男人，心态需要调整。故选B项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我苦苦地等待着自己所期望的东西的到来。A. expectations期望；B. dilemma进退两难；C. conscience良心；D. anxiety焦虑。作者希望自己的丈夫能像自己的父亲对待自己的母亲一样送礼物，所以这是作者苦苦所等待的期望。故选A项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Gary并没有完全不送礼物。A. actively积极地；B. willingly愿意地；C. intentionally故意地；D. wholly整个地。由下文“Gary would return from sea ___9___ with a brown paper bag inside of which was something that reminded him of - 34 -‎ ‎ me.”可知，作者的丈夫也并不是完全不送礼物。故选D项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gary出海回来的时候会抱着一个棕色的纸袋，袋子里装的东西让他想起了我。A. supplied提供；B. armed装备；C. decorated装饰；D. filled填满。be armed with“装备什么东西”，这里是用手臂抱着一个棕色的纸袋。故选B项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我试图以身作则改变他，我特意为圣诞节和他的生日准备了礼物。A. by tradition传统上；B. by force 使用暴力；C. by example 以身作则；D. by accident偶然地。由下文“I prepared gifts for Christmas and for his birthdays ___11___ .”可知，作者试图以身作则改变他。故选C项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我试图以身作则改变他，我特意为圣诞节和他的生日准备了礼物。A. on purpose特意地；B. in order井然有序；C. at random任意地；D. on time准时。作者要以身作则改变他，所以特意为圣诞节和他的生日准备了礼物。故选A项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我说了很多暗示的话，却被当成耳边风。A. sharp尖锐的；B. big大的；C. deaf聋的；D. sensitive敏感的。由“I began to tell him what I wanted”可知，作者说了很多暗示的话，却被当成耳边风，所以导致作者开始告诉他自己想要什么，可见暗示的话没起作用。故选C项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始告诉他我想要什么，给出了具体的指示。A. some不少的；B. specific具体的；C. brief简短的；D. unusual不寻常的。由下文“I asked him to find me diamond earrings as a birthday present”可知，作者给出了具体的指示。故选B项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：那年下了一场暴风雪，当时他在海上，我开着刮路机，把我们的车道和邻居的车道都铲平了，我想当时耳环是多么无用，我才意识到他已经给了我礼物。A. And和；B. So所以；C. Though尽管；D. But但是。分析句意可知，前后表示转折关系，所以用but来连接。故选D项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ - 34 -‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那年下了一场暴风雪，当时他在海上，我开着刮路机，把我们的车道和邻居的车道都铲平了，我当时想耳环是多么无用，我才意识到他已经给了我礼物。A. precious珍贵的；B. practical实际的；C. useless无用的；D. ugly丑陋的。刮路机非常的实用，帮助了自己也帮助了别人，所以作者认为幸亏当时没有买耳环，一点都没有用。故选C项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的体贴和关心所产生的大大小小的动作，都是他每天所给予我的礼物。A. promises承诺；B. gifts礼物；C. blessings祝福；D. instructions说明书。由“giving me gifts ail along”可知。本句属于原词再现。在说明丈夫每天所给予自己的礼物是什么。故选B项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们努力教导别人如何爱我们。A. struggle努力；B. fail失败；C. attempt尝试；D. decide决定。由下文“In that struggle”可知，我们努力教导别人如何爱我们。故选A项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这样的努力中，我们常常忘记如何去感激他们已经给予我们的爱，因为只有他们才能给予爱。A. express表达；B. appreciate感激；C. return返回；D. share分享。由“ often forget ,love they already give us ”可知，我们常常忘记如何去感激他们已经给予我们的爱。故选B项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我终于开始明白present and a gift的区别了。A. distance距离；B. similarity相似；C. difference差异；D. conflict矛盾。由上文“For years, I thought a present and a gift as the same thing”可知，多年来，作者一直认为 present and a gift是一回事，现在终于明白它们的区别了。故选C项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，一份礼物是一个小小的善举，是心甘情愿地满足他人的需要，是时间和努力的付出。A. subscribe同意；B. take拿；C. connect联系；D. bend 专心于。由“But a gift is a small act of kindness”可知，一份礼物是一个小小的善举，所以短文紧接着具体说明善举的具体内容。是心甘情愿地满足他人的需要，是时间和努力的付出。故选D项。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ - 34 -‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Below are four books of the 10 Best Books of 2019. Which one will you add to your booklist?‎ Exhalation （呼吸）‎ By Ted Chiang ‎■ Many of the nine deeply beautiful stories in this collection explore the material consequences of time travel. Reading them feels, like sitting at dinner with a friend who explains scientific theory to you without an ounce of condescension （傲慢）.Each thoughtful, elegantly crafted story poses a philosophical question; Chiang organizes all nine into a conversation that comes full circle, after having travelled remarkab1e val1eys ，，, deserts and plains.‎ Lost Children Archivef(档案）)）‎ By Valeria Luiselli ‎■ The Mexican author’s third novel — her first to be written in English — unfolds against a backdrop of crisis: of children crossing borders, facing death, being confined, being deported unaccompanied by their guardians.‎ The novel centers on a couple and their two children, who are taking a road trip from New York City to the Mexican border; the couple's marriage is on the edge of collapse and the woman tries to help a Mexican immigrant find her daughters, who've gone missing in their attempt to cross the border behind her. The brilliance of Luiselli's writing stirs anger and pity. Acutely sensitive, Luiselli has delivered an experimental book, one that is as much about storytellers and storytelling as it is about lost children.‎ The Yellow House By Sarah Broom ‎■ In her first extraordinary, fascinating appearance, Broom pushes past the baseline expectations of memoir to create an entertaining and inventive combination of literary forms. Part oral history, part urban history, part celebration of a bygone - 34 -‎ ‎ way of life, "The Yellow House" is a full accusation of the greed, discrimination, indifference and poor city planning that led her family's home to be wiped off the map. Tracing the history of a single home in New Orleans East, from the ' 60s to Hurricane Katrina, this is an instantly essential text, examining the past, present and possible future of the city of New Orleans, and a true reflection of America.‎ No Visible Bruises By Rachel Louise Snyder ‎■ Snyder's thoroughly reported book covers what the World Health Organization has called "a global health problem of epidemic proportions." In America alone, more than half of all murdered women are killed by a current or former partner; domestic violence cuts across lines of class, religion and race. Snyder exposes myths (restraining orders are the answer,: abusers never change) and writes movingly about the lives of people on both sides of the equation. She doesn't give easy answers but presents a wealth of information that is its own form of hope.‎ ‎36. If you are a fan of science fiction, which book will you choose?‎ A. Exhalation Lost B. Children Archive C. The Yellow House D. No Visible Bruises ‎37. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is TRUE?‎ A. In the book Exhalation, Ted Chiang describes a story told by his friend.‎ B. Lost Children Archive is Valeria Luiselli's first novel in English.‎ C. Several stories of literary forms make up the book, The Yellow House.‎ D. No Visible Bruises shows nothing but restraining orders are answers to family violence.‎ ‎【答案】36. A 37. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。由短文介绍了2019年十大最佳书籍中的四本。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由Exhalation （呼吸）中的“Many of the nine deeply beautiful stories in this collection explore the material consequences of time - 34 -‎ ‎ travel.”可知，这本合集收录了九个美丽动人的短篇小说，其中好几篇都探讨了时间旅行的重大后果。所以如果你是科幻小说迷，你会选哪Exhalation Lost。故选A项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由Lost Children Archivef中的“The Mexican author’s third novel — her first to be written in English”可知，这位墨西哥作家的第三部小说——也是她的第一部英文小说。所以Lost Children Archive 是瓦莱丽娅·鲁塞利著第一部英文小说。故选B项。‎ B You are about to hear a strange but true story. Legend has it that, Harry Houdini, the master magician, once claimed that he could break out of any jail cell in the world. All he had to do was walk into that jail cell with his street clothes on. 'I will be out of there in one hour. No problem!' He said. A very old jail down South heard about Houdini's claims and they accepted the challenge. On the day of the event, many people gathered outside. Very confidently, Houdini walked into the jail and into the cell and they shut the metal door behind him.‎ The first thing Houdini did was to take off his coat. Then, very strangely, he took off his belt. Secretly hidden in Houdini's belt, was a ten-inch piece of steel; very tough and very flexible and Houdini started working.‎ In about 30 minutes, that confident expression Houdini had when he walked in disappeared. In one hour, he was bathed in sweat. And at the end of two hours, Houdini in defeat, collapsed against the door, which then opened. It opened because you see, that door had never been locked. But that's not entirely true is it? That door was locked. It was firmly and thoroughly locked in Houdini's mind, which meant it was locked as if the best locksmith in the world had put his lock on it.‎ The mind is powerful. How many doors in your life do you think are locked but aren't? how many times have you been stuck in the mental prison of over thinking something that really had a simple solution. There is an ancient African proverb that says when there is no enemy within, the enemy outside can do us no harm.‎ Your mind is the most powerful force you will ever face. It will tell you lies. It will tell you can't do that. You're not meant for that. You're not good enough for that. You can't go on anymore. You don't have the energy. You must thank it for its opinion and carry on. Because as Houdini showed us the only locked doors that - 34 -‎ ‎ exist are in your own mind. The doors in reality are open and all you have to do is walk through.‎ ‎38. Why couldn't Harry Houdini open the door within two hours?‎ A. Because he didn't open the door with his mind.‎ B. Because the door was locked by the best locksmith.‎ C. Because he had thought the door was locked.‎ D. Because he overestimated his own ability to open the door.‎ ‎39. Which of the following story shows the "locked door," in our mind?‎ A. Bring the painted dragon to life by putting in the pupils of its eyes.‎ B. One tends to stand still and refuse to make progress.‎ C. The donkey has exhausted its skills against the tiger.‎ D. Lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.‎ ‎40 We can conclude from the passage EXCEPT ?‎ A. The biggest enemy in your life is in fact the enemy in your mind.‎ B. If you walk through the door in mind, your potential will be unlimited.‎ C. Unless you defeat the enemy outside, you will not defeat your enemy inside.‎ D. Life is really simple, but we insist on making it rigid and complicated.‎ ‎【答案】38. C 39. B 40. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文通过一则未能成功越狱的故事告诉我们对一件其实很简单的事情想太多反却被而被困在自己的精神监狱里了。锁着的门存在于你自己的头脑中。现实中的大门是敞开的，你所要做的就是走过去。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段“It was firmly and thoroughly locked in Houdini's mind, which meant it was locked as if the best locksmith in the world had put his lock on it.”可知，它牢牢地、彻底地锁在胡迪尼的脑子里，这意味着它被锁起来，就好像世界上最好的锁匠已经把它锁上了一样。所以为什么哈利·胡迪尼不能在两小时内把门打开因为他以为门是锁着的。故选C项。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后一段“Your mind is the most powerful force you will ever face. It will tell you lies. It will tell you can't do that. You're not meant for that. You're not good enough for that. You can't go on anymore. You don't have the energy”可知，你的思想是你所面对的最强大的力量。它会告诉你谎言。它会告诉你不能那样做。你不适合那样。你还不够好。你不能再继续了。你没有精力。以上是头脑中“被锁着的门”的内容，所以判断出B选项“一个人往往站着不动，拒绝进步”的故事展示头脑中“被锁着的门”的内容。故选B项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由倒数第二段“There is an ancient African proverb that says when there is no enemy within, the enemy outside can do us no harm”可知，有一句古老的非洲谚语，内心没有敌人，外界的敌人就不会对我们构成伤害。而选项C“不战胜外界的敌人，就不能战胜内心的敌人”与此谚语内涵完全背离。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。‎ 由最后一段“Your mind is the most powerful force you will ever face. It will tell you lies. It will tell you can't do that. You're not meant for that. You're not good enough for that. You can't go on anymore. You don't have the energy”可知，你的思想是你所面对的最强大的力量。它会告诉你谎言。它会告诉你不能那样做。你不适合那样。你还不够好。你不能再继续了。你没有精力。以上是头脑中“被锁着的门”的内容，所以判断出B选项“一个人往往站着不动，拒绝进步”的故事展示头脑中“被锁着的门”的内容。故选B项。‎ C ‎“Without trust,” writes Rachel Botsman, “society cannot survive, and it certainly cannot thrive."‎ Clearly, we are in trouble. Two-thirds of people surveyed last year in 28 countries expressed low levels of trust in "mainstream institutions" of business, government and media.‎ - 34 -‎ In “Who Can You Trust?” Botsman, an Oxford lecturer offers a timely and accessible framework for understanding what trust is, how it works, why it matters and how it is evolving. It is an important guidance to the obstacles and opportunities we face as a society if we are to repair and redefine trust.‎ Through human history, trust has evolved in three basic stages: Local trust was enough when people lived in small communities and everybody knew everybody else; industrialization and urbanization required institutional trust so that people could trust complete strangers running governments, corporations, and standards for international trade, commerce and finance. We are now living through a massive global .shift of trust from institutions to individuals: distributed trust facilitated by high-tech platforms, many of which are run by the private sector.‎ This shift is caused by several factors. First, accountability is unequal. Rich, powerful and well-connected individuals have been able to accumulate vast quantities of often undocumented wealth by avoiding tax and anti-bribery laws, while ordinary people are likely to be caught and punished for lawbreaking. Second, people in power are no longer seen to deserve greater respect as the details of their lives are exposed.‎ Botsman does not prescribe how we deal with that. But if the old ways of giving and cancelling trust such as voting, markets and consumer choice are no longer functioning, then we must change or replace them. Systems must be "driven democratically and rationally," become more "transparent, inclusive, and accountable" and, most important, be designed to "put people first," which profit-driven platforms have failed to do sufficiently.‎ Tech executives are responding to the trust crisis mainly with promises of more and better technology. But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use them. We have not thought through how we hold those people accountable, let alone their robots. She warns against a natural tendency "to become over-reliant on machines." Ideally machines should be programmed to "understand" their own limitations and even seek human help or intervention.‎ A growing number of people hope that new trust mechanisms can be established - 34 -‎ ‎ through the use of exciting new technologies such as the blockchain（区块链）. In essence, blockchains are digital public ledgers of transactions that cannot be changed, thereby creating greater transparency and accountability and making corruption much harder.‎ However, Botsman warns that the blockchain is no panacea for human trust. Whether blockchain systems lead to more accountable governance and a more just global economy will depend on their design and the intentions of those who build them. There is no app for fixing trust.‎ ‎"Who Can You Trust?" does make a clear case for why it is important for the companies, governments and other institutions to be much more transparent and subject themselves to new mechanisms that can credibly hold them accountable. It is the only way they can hope to earn and maintain trust in the future.‎ ‎41 Which of the following orders of trust evolution is right?‎ A. institutional trust→ industrialized trust→ individual trust B. urbanized trust→ local trust→ institutional trust C. local trust→ institutional trust→ distributed trust D. local trust→ urbanized trust →individual trust ‎42. What can we conclude from the passage?‎ A. Profit-driven platforms pay no attention to the importance of people.‎ B. It is the people who design and use technology that count in restoring trust.‎ C. New technologies, such as the blockchain can prevent corruption from happening.‎ D. People should rely on new technologies to create transparency and accountability.‎ ‎43. What do the underlined words “no panacea" mean?‎ A. not a Herculean task B. a hard nut C. not a cure-all medicine D. a catch -22‎ ‎44. What's the author's attitude toward the possibility of using technology to restore trust?‎ A. Supportive B. Negative C. Indifferent D. Skeptical - 34 -‎ ‎【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。去年在28个国家进行的调查显示，三分之二的受访者对企业、政府和媒体等“主流机构”的信任度较低。针对这种现象，牛津大学的一名讲师博茨曼在Who Can You Trust?” 为我们提供了一个及时、易懂的框架，帮助我们理解什么是信任、信任是如何运作的、信任为什么重要以及信任是如何演变的。并说明技术可以帮助人们重建信任，但更强调重建信任的关键是设计和使用技术的人。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第四段“Local trust was enough when people lived in small communities and everybody knew everybody else. We are now living through a massive global shift of trust from institutions to individuals: distributed trust facilitated by high-tech platforms”可知，当人们生活在小社区里，每个人都互相认识时，本地的信任就足够了。我们现在正经历着一场大规模的全球信任，从机构到个人的转变：由高科技平台推动的分布式信任。所以信任进化的顺序是C选项。故选C项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由倒数第四段“But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use them”可知，但是Batsman警告说，确保使用的机器人是值得信赖的责任在于设计和使用它们的人类。所以通过Batsman的警告可以推断出，设计和使用技术的人才是重建信任的关键。故选B项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。由倒数第二段换线词后的“Whether blockchain systems lead to more accountable governance and a more just global economy will depend on their design and the intentions of those who build them. There is no app for fixing trust”可知，区块链系统是否能带来更负责任的治理和更公正的全球经济，将取决于它们的设计和构建者的意图。没有固定信任的应用程序。所以通过上下文可以判断下划线的单词“no panacea”是“不能包治百病的灵丹妙药”。故选C项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由倒数第四段“But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use - 34 -‎ ‎ them”. 但是Batsman警告说，确保使用的机器人是值得信赖的责任在于设计和使用它们的人类。倒数第二段“However, Botsman warns that the blockchain is no panacea for human trus”然而，Botsman警告说，区块链并不是人类信任的灵丹妙药。最后一段“ It is the only way they can hope to earn and maintain trust in the future”这是他们希望在未来赢得并保持信任的唯一途径。所以通过Batsman的警告可以看出，使用技术来重建信任存在着很多弊端和不确定性，而最后一段作者表示出这是他们在未来赢得并保持信任的唯一途径。由此推断出，作者对使用技术来重建信任的可能性持怀疑的态度。故选D项。‎ D Shelly hugged her husband."Be careful, Billy."‎ ‎"Come on, Shell!" Bill rolled his eyes. "You worry too much, Honey. Me and the boys will be OK. It's just a three — day trip. We'll catch enough halibut to be able to fix up the baby's room the way you want it." '‎ ‎"Billy, I love you and worry every time you go to sea, especially in winter."‎ ‎"Shell, I promise I'll be careful. I may be the youngest captain in this port, but I'm the most careful. I learned at the helm of Daddy's boat, which I was practically raised on."‎ They hugged again. Bill planted a tender kiss on her cheek, rested his open palm on her slightly swollen stomach, "Besides, I need to be here. Little Billy will need his daddy." Shelly slapped him on the shoulder. "It's Billy Jean and you know it.”‎ Bill laughed, "Not on my watch, Girl. I gave you a boy to take over as captain."‎ Their laughter broke the tension. "I have to go, Shell. See you in a few days?" He turned to leave and then turned back, reached into the pocket of his heavy coat and pulled out an envelope."I almost forgot. Here's my letter?"‎ Shelly took the crisp envelope and slipped into the pocket of her dress. "Thanks，Billy.” It had been their custom since they started dating. Billy gave her a note before he went to sea. She wasn't allowed to open it until the next day. He usually wrote of love or sometimes something silly - both made her smile. She wrote a reply and left it on the kitchen table for him. Reading her reply was the first thing he did when he came home.‎ She watched as her husband walked the'length of the pier to where the forty-five - 34 -‎ ‎ foot “Shelly Girl” and his crew waited. He gave a final wave and climbed aboard.‎ Shelly stood by their pickup truck and watched until the boat rounded the point and disappeared from view. "I love you, Billy.” she whispered. "Be safe." ①‎ That evening, five hundred miles to the south, a small winter depression moved north along the Atlantic coast of the USA. Experts found an unexpected change in the jet stream, which would make the small depression become a raging winter storm. ②‎ Shelly woke in the morning and listened to the weather report on the battered radio sitting on kitchen table. The phone rang."Hello."‎ ‎“Shelly?"‎ ‎"Hi, Gail!" She recognized the voice of her friend, who was the wife of one of Billy's crew. “Have you heard the weather?"‎ ‎"Hang on a second. I just turned the radio on." Shelly's face paled as she heard the weather person say a major winter depression had moved into the area. "Oh crap!"‎ ‎"That's what [ said too.”‎ ‎"They'll be OK, Gail. They're experienced fishermen." Shelly said to Gail It was a attempt to convince herself that her man would be safe. ③‎ Off the south shore of Nova Scotia, Bill struggled to control the Shelly Girl in the growing waves. Wind and water attacked Bill and his crew from all directions. The forty- and fifty-foot walls of water were too much of a challenge for the young captain.‎ The force of the water flipped the boat over, tore the wheelhouse off and tossed Bill and his crew into the icy Atlantic.‎ The water, only a few degrees above the freezing point, soon overcame Bill's will to live. “Shelly!‎ He took a last painful breath of salt water and slipped below the surface. ④‎ The crisp envelope bent beneath her fingers as she laid it on her lap and read. "Shelly, you are my life,, my love and soon-to-be mother of our son一girl if that is what you really want. I'll always come home."‎ Shelly reached for the pen in her dress pocket. Tears dripped from her face and stained the paper she wrote on, “________."‎ - 34 -‎ Her note sits on their kitchen table still — never read.‎ ‎45. Why was Shelly worried too much when Billy go to sea this time?‎ A. Because she and their baby Billy Jean needed Billy's protection and care.‎ B. Because she knew from the radio that a major winter depression would come.‎ C. Because she had a feeling that Billy would never return home.‎ D. Because she cared about Billy's safety in the sea, especially in winter.‎ ‎46. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Billy could read Shelly's reply letter only when he returned home from the sea.‎ B. Billy and Shelly wrote letters to each other since they got married.‎ C. Shelly read Billy's letter eagerly each time she got his letter.‎ D. They exchanged their letters with each other every time Billy went out.‎ ‎47. Which word can be filled in the blank in the passage?‎ A. weak B. strong C. hard D. desperate ‎48. Where can the sentences "Shell sat in her favorite spot on the porch of their weathered beach house, the salty air sticking to her heavy winter clothes. The oncoming storm blew sand across her winter boots.," be put in?‎ A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④‎ ‎49. Which of the following may be Shelly's reply to Billy's letter?‎ A. Billy, you were so brave, I always knew.‎ B. Billy, I always knew the ocean was your home.‎ C. Billy, I always knew, you would come back.‎ D. Billy, I love you, I would always wait for you.‎ ‎50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?‎ A. An unlucky Billy B. A storm in life C. A broken Shelly D. Never read ‎【答案】45. D 46. A 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D ‎【解析】‎ - 34 -‎ 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了男主人工和女主人公之间的爱情故事。男主人公在出海之前都会留给女主人公一张纸条，直到第二天她才被允许打开它，而女主人公会写会一封回信，把它放在厨房的桌子上。男主人公出海回家第一件事就是看她的回信。女主人公目送男主人出海，而这次出海，男主人公在也没有回来，更没有人去读她的回信。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段“Billy, I love you and worry every time you go to sea, especially in winter.”可知，比利，我爱你，你每次出海我都会担心，尤其是在冬天。所以比利这次出海，雪莉为什么很担心，是因为她关心比利在海上的安全，尤其是在冬天。故选D项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第八段“Reading her reply was the first thing he did when he came home.”可知，他回家第一件事就是看她的回信。所以只有当比利出海归来时，比利才能读雪莱的回信。故选A项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第十七段“ Shelly's face paled as she heard the weather person say a major winter depression had moved into the area.”可知，雪莉听到气象预报员说一场可怕冬季低气压已经进入这个海域，她脸色变的苍白。所以通过上文语境可以判断出，她试图使自己相信她的男人是安全的，但这是缺乏说服力的。所以空处填weak“缺乏说服力的”。故选A项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第十七段“ Shelly's face paled as she heard the weather person say a major winter depression had moved into the area.”雪莉听到气象预报员说一场可怕的冬季低气压已经进入这个海域，她脸色变的苍白。再由二十段“Off the south shore of Nova Scotia, Bill struggled to control the Shelly Girl in the growing waves. Wind and water attacked Bill and his crew from all directions. The forty- and fifty-foot walls of water were too much of a challenge for the young captain.”在新斯科舍省的南岸，比利在汹涌的海浪中挣扎着控制 Shelly Girl号。风和水从四面八方袭击比尔和他的船员。四五十英尺高的水墙对年轻的船长来说是一个太大的挑战。可知，雪莱很担心比利，她什么都做不了，只能在心里为他祈祷。所以“雪莱坐在被受风雨侵蚀的房子的门廊上，这是她最喜欢的地方，咸咸的空气粘在她厚重的冬衣上， 即将来临的暴风雨将沙子吹过了她的冬靴”这句话应放在 ③处，说明了雪莱来此地的原因，也与下文比利战暴风雨的画面相互呼应，以此说明他们的心永远在一起。故选C项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ - 34 -‎ 推理判断题。由倒数第三段“Shelly, you are my life, my love and soon-to-be mother of our son一girl if that is what you really want. I'll always come home.”可知，雪莱，你是我最爱的妻子，是我的爱人，是我们的儿子后者女儿的妈妈，那是你所想要的。我会回家的。再由倒数第二段“Tears dripped from her face and stained the paper she wrote on”眼泪从她脸上流下来，滴在了她写信的纸上。所以通过比利写给雪莱的内容和雪莱含泪写回信可以判断出，比利再也不会回来了，雪莉给比利的回信的内容是“比利，我知道海洋是你的家”。故选B项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。短文叙述了男主人工和女主人公之间的爱情故事。男主人公在出海之前都会留给女主人公一张纸条，直到第二天她才被允许打开它，而女主人公会写会一封回信，把它放在厨房的桌子上。男主人公回家第一件事就是看她的回信。女主人公目送男主人出海，而这次出海，男主人公就在也没有回来，更没有人去读她的回信。所以短文的最佳标题是“永未读的回信”。故选D项。‎ 第II巻非选择题(共两部分満分35分丿 第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。‎ School lunches in Japan Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children ― high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates One major key? School lunches.‎ A landmark report by the UN's children agency UNICEF released Tuesday shows Japan topping the charts for childhood health indicators, with low rates of infant mortality and few underweight children.‎ Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law, but a nationwide school lunch program also plays a key role.‎ ‎"School lunches with menus that are created by nutritionists are provided to all primary schools and the majority of junior high schools throughout Japan,," Mitsuhiko - 34 -‎ ‎ Hara, a pediatrician and professor at Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, told AFP.‎ The lunches are mandatory — no packed lunches allowed ― and while they are not free for most, they are heavily subsidized 补助）.Each meal is designed to have around 600-700 calories balanced between carbohydrates, meat or fish and vegetables.‎ ‎"School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home," Education Ministry official Mayumi Ueda told AFP. "I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children."‎ Unlike the cafeteria system operated in some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Pupils frequently dish out the food to each other and clean up the room afterwards. There is no choice of meal, and no concessions offered for vegetarians, or anyone with religious restrictions.‎ The lunches are intended not only to feed children, but to teach them. "There's also a daily broadcast at school to explain the nutritional elements contained in the school lunch of the day, and this is a good way to educate kids,” Hara said.‎ ‎"School lunch is positioned as part of education under the law,'? Ueda said. "It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?"‎ The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals, she added.‎ And there are other factors at work, Hara acknowledged. "Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food, which is good," he said. "And we're taught to eat seasonal food, which also contributes to good health. Japan is one of the rare countries that pay so much attention to food that is associated with specific seasons," he added.‎ Hara said another factor in Japan is regularly mandated childcare health checks. Parents of infants receive reminders from the local government, and children are given health checks at school, including measuring height and weight.‎ Still, even Japan has not escaped entirely the growing trend toward overweight children and childhood obesity, which in Japan, like elsewhere, tends to affect those from less wealthy families.‎ ‎"Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to - 34 -‎ ‎ cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity."‎ School lunches are all the more important to children in such situations, he said.‎ School lunches in Japan Introduction As is reported by the UNICEF. Japan ___51___ high in childhood health: A social awareness of health, regular and ___52___ check-ups for children and a nationwide school lunch program are main ___53___‎ Details of school lunches Regarding health ‎• Menus created by nutritionists and ___54___ annually by government ‎• Meals ___55___ innutrition ‎• Food of great ___56___ and seasonal food ‎• Official reminders of childcare health checks Regarding___57___‎ The lunches are intended to improve ‎• students' service consciousness and ___58___.‎ ‎• students' knowledge of nutritional elements.‎ Problems to be solved ‎___59___ of less protein but more carbs and sugar in ___60___ families leads to the increasing number of overweight children in Japan.‎ ‎【答案】51. ranks ‎ ‎52. compulsory ‎ ‎53. factors/reasons/causes ‎ - 34 -‎ ‎54. shaped 55. balance ‎ ‎56. variety ‎ ‎57. education ‎ ‎58. independence ‎ ‎59. Consumption ‎ ‎60. poor ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文就介绍了日本学校的午餐的相关信息。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第一段“Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children ― high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. ”日本在养育儿童方面取得了一个发达国家少有的成就——营养方面得分很高，但肥胖率很低。所以通过“high scores for nutrition”可以判断出空处填rank且句子为一般现在时，主语为Japan为单数。故填ranks。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第三段“Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law”专家们说，有很多因素在起作用，包括一个注重健康的社会，以及法律要求对儿童进行定期检查。所以由“check-ups for children required by law”可知，空处填形容词compulsory 作check-ups的定语。故填compulsory。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第三段“Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law”专家们说，有很多因素在起作用，包括一个注重健康的社会，以及法律要求对儿童进行定期检查。所以由“ factors ”可知，空处填factors/reasons/causes作表语。故填factors/reasons/causes 。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第十段“The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school - 34 -‎ ‎ meals.”可知，日本政府每年对日本的营养和饮食习惯进行研究，并利用研究结果来确定学校膳食中的营养成分。所以由“ shape ”可知，空处填shaped与menus在逻辑上为被动关系。故填shaped。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第六段“School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home, I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children.”可知学校午餐的设计初衷是为学生们提供营养，而学生们在家里往往吃不到这样的饭。我认为它有助于儿童所需的营养平衡。所以根据“nutritional balance ”可以判断出，空处填balance，句子为一般现在时，主语为Meals。故填balance 。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息能力。由第十一段“ Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food，which is good.”可知，因为很多日本人都有健康意识，所以他们尽量吃各种各样的食物，这是有益的。所以由“variety”可知，空处填名词variety。故填variety。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由框中“The lunches are intended to improve• students' service consciousness and independence• students' knowledge of nutritional elements”可知，午餐旨在提高学生的服务意识和独立性, 提高学生对营养元素的认识。所以小题7说的是关于教育。故填education。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第九段“It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?”这不仅仅是吃东西的问题，孩子们还学会了服务，学会了自己清理。所以通过“clean up on their own”可知，空处填名词independence与consciousness为并列关系。故填independence。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由最后一段“Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity”可知，贫困儿童更有可能超重，因为家庭都在努力削减开支。结果，他们吃更少的蛋白质，但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖类，这导致肥胖。所以通过“consume ”可知，空处填名词Consumption。故填Consumption。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由最后一段“Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity”可知，贫困儿童更有可能超重，因为家庭都在努力削减开支。结果，他们吃更少的蛋白质，但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖类 ,这导致肥胖。由“Children in poverty ”可知，空处填形容词poor修饰名词families。故填poor。‎ 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61.请阅读下面图画及文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ ‎［写作内容］‎ ‎1.用约30个词概括上面图文所反映的社会现象。‎ ‎2.谈谈尊重他人的重要性。‎ ‎3.举例说明在生活中你是如何尊重他人的。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;‎ ‎3.不必写标题。‎ ‎［评分标准］‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】People treat others differently. In Picture 1, a lady frowns at the cleaner, hurriedly off in disgust, while Picture 2 shows a man politely presents a flower to the cleaner and praises her sincerely. (34w)‎ Respecting others, undoubtedly, is what we should value when getting along with others. Quite a few things give rise to this. Firstly, it is imperative for us to cultivate and develop this traditional and treasurable quality, which can not only mirror our excellent character but also demonstrate our recognition of others. Secondly, only when we respect others can we earn respect from others, thus paving way for a harmonious social environment.‎ Personally, showing respect for others is always a principle I stick to. A warm smile or willingness to learn from others is what I always do to respect my parents, classmates and anyone regardless of their origins or status.‎ It blesses him who respect others, and him who is respected.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇看图作文。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1.用约30个词概括上面图文所反映的社会现象。‎ ‎2.谈谈尊重他人的重要性。‎ ‎3.举例说明在生活中你是如何尊重他人的。‎ 第二，人称为第三人称。第三，时态以一般现在时。‎ 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，用约30个词概括上面图文所反映的社会现象。第二段，谈谈尊重他人的重要性。第三段，举例说明在生活中你是如何尊重他人的。第四段，总结。‎ 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: treat，frown，praise，presents a flower，get along with, give rise to，mirror our excellent character，demonstrate our recognition of ‎ - 34 -‎ others, regardless of. ‎ 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:what引导的表语从句Respecting others, undoubtedly, is what we should value when getting along with others. which引导的非限制性定语从句 Firstly, it is imperative for us to cultivate and develop this traditional and treasurable quality, which can not only mirror our excellent character but also demonstrate our recognition of others.不完全倒装句Secondly, only when we respect others can we earn respect. ‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:Firstly，Secondly，Personally.‎ 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。‎ ‎【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:what引导的表语从句Respecting others, undoubtedly, is what we should value when getting along with others. which引导的非限制性定语从句 Firstly, it is imperative for us to cultivate and develop this traditional and treasurable quality, which can not only mirror our excellent character but also demonstrate our recognition of others.不完全倒装句Secondly, only when we respect others can we earn respect. ‎ 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎ ‎ - 34 -‎