高中英语语法精讲第9章名词性从句 4页

高中英语语法精讲第九章名词性从句 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。‎ 一 、引导名词性从句的关联词 ‎ A．that ‎ 连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。‎ ‎ I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。‎ ‎ That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。‎ ‎ It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。‎ ‎ Is it certain that they will win 他们一定会赢吗 ‎ B．whether和if ‎ 连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。‎ ‎ 1．whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。‎ ‎ I didn't know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。（宾语从 句，可用if代替whether）‎ ‎ The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不可用if代替whether）‎ ‎ Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）‎ ‎ He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether）‎ ‎ 2．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。‎ ‎ It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if)‎ ‎ Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。‎ ‎ 3．if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。‎ ‎ Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否）‎ ‎ Please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果）‎ ‎ Please let me know whether you want t join us.‎ 4‎ ‎ 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否）‎ ‎ C．who, whom, whose, what, which ‎ 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。‎ ‎ No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。‎ ‎ We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。‎ ‎ Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。‎ ‎ Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ D．where, when, how, why ‎ 连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。‎ ‎ I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。‎ ‎ She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。‎ ‎ What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。‎ ‎ 比较：‎ ‎ when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。‎ ‎ Please let me know when you arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（when引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。）‎ ‎ Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。（when引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）‎ E．whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever ‎ 连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是...，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。‎ ‎ Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。‎ ‎ Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。‎ ‎ They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。‎ ‎ You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。‎ ‎ I'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。‎ ‎ Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。‎ ‎ 比较：‎ 4‎ ‎ 连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。‎ ‎ You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语）‎ ‎ You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）‎ 二、表语从句 ‎ 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。‎ ‎ A．可接表语从句的连系动词 ‎ 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。‎ ‎ China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。‎ ‎ The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。‎ ‎ It appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.‎ ‎ At that time, it seemed as if I could not think of the right word anyhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。‎ B．as, as if, though引导的表语从句 ‎ He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。‎ ‎ It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。‎ ‎ C．because, why引导的表语从句 ‎ ‎ I think it is because you are talking too much. 我想这是因为你话说得太多。‎ ‎ That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。（That's because 三 、同位语从句 ‎ 同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。‎ A．同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等的面。‎ ‎ They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。‎ ‎ Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来？‎ ‎ I have no idea whether he'll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。‎ ‎ We haven't yet settled the question where we are going t spend our summer vacation.‎ 4‎ ‎ 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。‎ ‎ It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。‎ ‎ There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。‎ ‎ Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school himself. 有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。‎ ‎ B．使用虚拟语气的同位语从句 ‎ 在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。‎ ‎ This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的请求。‎ ‎ He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去 。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 4‎