2021年新高考英语二轮复习分专题讲义（含解析） +限时突破练习 393页

‎《中国高考评价体系》背景下的高考英语命题特点与备考启示 ‎2020年新高考英语山东卷依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》(以下简称“新课标”)和《高考评价体系》对考试内容进行了改革,全面考查学生的核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识,兼具基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性,较好地凸显了高考“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”的功能定位。‎ 一、2020年新高考山东卷的命题特点 ‎ ‎(一)强化立德树人,突出学科素养 命题立意与学科素养——整套试卷以构建社会主义核心价值观、弘扬社会正能量为命题立意,全卷渗透英语学科素养:语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。具体内容参看下表信息:‎ 题型 试题立意 倡导精神 阅读 理解 A篇 以“勇气、毅力和意志如何帮助自己面对人生挑战”为主题的诗歌创作大赛 人与社会——创作大赛,激励斗志 B篇 Jennifer Mauer克服困难完成学业 人与自我——努力付出,实现梦想 C篇 介绍一本有关旅行见闻的图书 人与社会——文化 D篇 共餐伙伴的体型与饮食习惯对就餐者的影响的研究报告 人与自我——健康饮食,环境影响 七选五阅读 成为一名受欢迎的演讲者应该遵守的规则 人与社会——沟通交流,重在关注 语言 运用 完形填空 Molai坚持植树37年,为动植物建造家园 人与自然——保护环境 语法填空 博物馆介绍 人与社会——馆藏文献,文化传承 写作 应用文写作 越野赛跑活动报道 人与自我——生命健康,热爱运动 读后续写 善良妈妈感召孩子们帮助贫穷孩子创业 人与社会——热心助人 以上信息显示,试题有意识地体现和渗透了以下核心价值观,充满了积极向上的正能量:‎ ‎1.坚持德育为先,体现立德树人。完形填空讲述了Molai坚持植树37年,保护当地动植物的故事;读后续写讲述一户善良人家的三个孩子在母亲的影响下努力帮助镇上一户困难家庭的孩子挣钱的故事,所选故事积极向上,充满正能量,在思想和行动上为读者树立了正面的学习榜样。‎ ‎2.关注体育运动,倡导健康生活。阅读理解D篇介绍一项关于就餐伙伴是否会影响人们饮食摄取量的研究结果,旨在告诉读者想要减肥应尽量避免同食量大却体型瘦的人一起用餐。写作第一节要求考生为学校的5公里越野赛活动写一篇报道,考生需要紧扣主题展开想象,从参加人员、越野线路、活动反响等方面展开写作。此类语篇和写作任务贴近考生生活实际,有利于引导考生注意健康饮食,积极参加体育运动。‎ ‎3.宣传劳动光荣,传达工作意识。阅读理解B篇讲述Jennifer Mauer高中毕业后边工作边读完工学院,成家后又重返校园攻读学位,在为孩子们树立榜样的同时也实现了自己的人生目标。完形填空讲述Molai坚持37年在所居住的村庄附近的岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的生态家园的 感人故事。试题引导考生在真实的生活体验中感受劳动的辛苦和荣耀,引导考生崇尚劳动、尊重劳动,并思考自己的未来职业规划。‎ ‎(二)实现稳中有变,突出考查能力 ‎1.落实考试内容改革要求,强化关键能力考查 优化试卷结构,聚焦关键能力。试题题量和分值出现“两增一减”的变化。‎ ‎(1)阅读部分每小题分值由2分增至2.5分,满分由40分增至50分。‎ ‎(2)写作部分满分由35分增至40分。‎ ‎(3)完形填空题量由20个减至15个,满分由30分减至15分。变化后的试卷更加强调对考生阅读理解和写作两项关键能力的考查,更好地契合了《新课标》的理念,进一步体现了高校选拔人才的要求。‎ ‎2.写作启用新题型,突出综合性和创新性 写作部分取消了短文改错题,将书面表达题改为“应用文写作”和“读后续写”两个题型。应用文写作的分值由25分减至15分,读后续写题满分25分。读后续写考查考生对所给材料的理解和加工能力,所写内容应与所提供材料有逻辑衔接,情节合理,结构完整。此题注重考查读写综合能力,给考生更多发挥想象力、展示写作水平的空间。‎ ‎3.试题难度保持稳定,有利于考生发挥水平 新高考英语试卷难度与往年考试和先期进行的适应性测试基本保持一致,试卷中各部分试题按照由易到难的顺序排列。阅读部分中,A篇和B篇多为应用类、记叙类的简单文本,题目难度中等偏下,C篇和D篇多为书评、科学研究类的说明文,题目难度中等偏上。这样的梯度排列有利于考生充分发挥自己的水平,让大家都有获得感。‎ ‎4.试题用词特点明显,更加强调情景运用 试题更加突出考查词汇在语篇、语境中的实际应用,强调运用词汇准确理解和确切表达意义的能力。如所选语篇中均大量出现词汇的灵活意义、同根词、熟词生义(cover“支付费用”,a string of“一批”,architectural“建筑的”,sadden“使悲伤”,well-rounded“全面的”,decidedly“果断地”)等现象。另外,试题中有意识地使用了最新课程标准的部分较难词汇(pursue,individually)等,但整套试题中所出现的词汇均没有超出《新课标词汇表》的范围。‎ 二、新高考、新特点对高考备考教学的新启示 ‎ ‎1.转变观念,突出“语篇核心”‎ 考生在备考学习过程中应切实转变观念,以《新课标》为备考依据,构建以“语篇”为核心的备考思维模式,依托具体的语篇进行词汇和语法的学习,提升语言运用能力,培养文化品格和思维能力。‎ ‎2.全面发展,培养关键能力 关键能力主要包括:对语言核心基础知识(词汇、语法、句式结构、修辞)的掌握能力;驾驭语言的能力,包括精确、恰当运用词汇、句式的能力;听、读语篇后对信息提取、处理、加工、推理、整合、创造的关键能力。‎ ‎3.遵循语言学习规律,切勿剑走偏锋 多听、多说、多读、多看、多写,并持之以恒。听、说、读、写、看不仅是英语学习的基本技能,更是英语学习的有效方法。英语学科切勿单纯刷题。‎ ‎4.提高词汇学习的深度,重视情景运用 对《新课标》中3000词的掌握决不可仅仅停留在“拼读—词义”阶段,而是要提高词汇学习的深度和广度,要重视词汇在语篇、语境中的实际应用,提高运用词汇准确理解和确切表达意义的能力,尤其要注意单词的“一词多义、多性,语境不同词义不同”现象,努力把词汇真正“学透”。‎ 建议考生建立自己的“词块库”,对课文、试卷、课外阅读中遇到的陌生“词块”进行整理,定期复习,久而久之,语感就会增强,写作就会更加得心应手。‎ ‎5.努力提升自己的“文化品格、思维能力和学习品质”‎ 考生应改变传统意义上的英语学习和备考理念,努力从方法和内容上去适应新高考。既应积极体验、观察、感悟生活,更要通过大量的阅读,培养时代意识、科普素养、生命教育、人类社会发展、家国和人文情怀、较高的情商、丰富的生活体验和感悟能力等。‎ 模块一　阅读理解与七选五阅读 专题一　阅读理解 考情透析谋对策 ‎●明晰体裁与题材特点,缩小刷题数量 试卷/情况 A篇 B篇 C篇 D篇 选材特点 ‎2020‎ 山东 人与社会——参赛须知 应用文 人与自我——完善自我 记叙文 人与社会——旅行见闻 说明文 人与自我——伙伴影响饮食 说明文 ‎●主题语境:涵盖三大主题语境——人与自我、人与社会、人与自然。‎ ‎●体裁多样:应用文、说明文、记叙文为主,也会涉及议论文。‎ ‎●题材广泛:社会文化、生活学习、应用广告、科普知识为主。‎ 全国Ⅰ 人与社会——乘坐火车 应用文 人与自我——读书感悟 夹叙 夹议文 人与社会——竞走与跑步 说明文 人与自然——发光植物 说明文 全国Ⅱ 人与社会——景点指南 应用文 人与社会——科学探索 说明文 人与自然——环境保护 说明文 人与自我——生活与学习 记叙文 全国Ⅲ 人与社会——旅行 应用文 人与自然——动物保护 记叙文 人与社会——社会现象 说明文 人与社会——人类进化 说明文 ‎2019‎ 全国Ⅰ 人与社会——兼职活动 应用文 人与自我——竞选演说 记叙文 人与自然——科学技术 说明文 人与自我——心理健康 说明文 全国Ⅱ 人与社会——文化生活 应用文 人与社会——志愿者工作 记叙文 人与社会——社会生活 说明文 人与社会——文化教育 说明文 全国Ⅲ 人与社会——戏剧预告 应用文 人与社会——文化 说明文 人与社会——社会生活 说明文 人与自然——科学研究 说明文 ‎2018‎ 全国Ⅰ 人与社会——观光指南 应用文 人与社会——大众生活 说明文 人与社会——语言文化 说明文 人与社会——社会生活 说明文 全国Ⅱ 人与社会——暑期活动 应用文 人与自然——健康饮食 说明文 人与自我——学习策略 议论文 人与自我——人际交往 说明文 全国Ⅲ 人与社会——旅游指南 应用文 人与社会——城市发展 说明文 人与社会——中国建筑 记叙文 人与自然——简约生活 说明文 ‎●透析题型设置,采用高效答题技巧 考点 ‎2020‎ ‎2019‎ ‎2018‎ 题量合计 命题特点 山东 全国Ⅰ 全国Ⅱ 全国Ⅲ 全国Ⅰ 全国Ⅱ 全国Ⅲ 全国Ⅰ 全国Ⅱ 全国Ⅲ 细节 理解 ‎8‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ ‎6‎ ‎8‎ ‎7‎ ‎9‎ ‎9‎ ‎77‎ ‎●以细节理解和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意和词义猜测题。‎ ‎●细节理解题的答案更加隐蔽,叙述含蓄,直接信息题减少。‎ 主旨 大意 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎20‎ 推理 判断 ‎4‎ ‎5‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎40‎ 词义 猜测 ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎13‎ ‎●新高考评价体系下的备考启示——实现满分小目标,方向方法都重要 ‎◆方向非常重要。研透高考,精准训练。对高考试题细读精读,字斟句酌,把握试题特点,精准对接高考。‎ ‎◆以新课标为备考依据,聚焦三大主题语境(人与自我、人与社会、人与自然),通过大量阅读培养家国情怀和国际视野。‎ ‎◆培养读后汲取、处理、加工、推理、判断、猜测、整合信息的关键能力。‎ ‎◆以新教材语篇、高考真题或高质量模拟试题的语篇为依托,既要对语言知识(词汇、语法、句式、修辞等)进行总结,又要对做题方法、经验和教训进行归纳总结。‎ ‎◆定期进行阅读测试。限时阅读,认真核对答案,对试题进行深度总结,找出努力方向,及时、科学调整复习方法。‎ 题型指导寻技法 考点一　细节理解题 命题方式 ‎1.常见的提问方式 ‎◆主要以特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。‎ ‎◆偶尔用填空形式。如:The biggest challenge for most mothers is from 　　　　　. ‎ ‎2.正确选项特点 ‎◆语言简化。把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化,设置为答案。‎ ‎◆同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换,如把lose one’s job换成be out of work;有时,词性或者语态有所变化,如把important改成of importance,把主动语态改为被动语态。‎ ‎◆正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。‎ ‎3.干扰选项特点 ‎◆与短文细节部分相吻合,部分相悖。‎ ‎◆是短文细节,但不符合题干要求。‎ ‎◆是短文细节,但不是要点或主要论据。‎ ‎◆符合常识,但不是文章内容。‎ ‎◆明显与短文细节不符或短文中未提及。‎ ‎◆与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动。‎ 技巧点拨 ‎1.直接信息题→定位题干信息 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★速读文章,寻找题干 ‎★比对选项与原文 细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或者判断,只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。首先,认真阅读题干,根据关键词明确答题方向;然后速读文章寻找题干内容,要有重点、有针对性地阅读,冗余无效的信息可以略读甚至不读。最后,仔细比较所给选项,与原文信息对应,锁定正确选项。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2020新高考山东,A)‎ Prizes ‎...‎ ‎50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.‎ ‎2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?‎ A.A plane ticket.‎ B.A book by Corinne Szabo.‎ C.A special T-shirt.‎ D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.‎ 解题思路C　此题考查直接信息理解。题干中关键词是“honorable mention winners”,题干意为“每个荣誉提名者会获得什么奖励”,然后到文中Prizes部分的“50 Honorable Mentions:”中的“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final ‎ flight.”这一句可直接看出答案,即评委会选出的50名荣誉奖获得者每人会获得一件特别的T恤衫,故答案为C项。‎ ‎2.间接信息题→转换选项语意 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★扫读原文,锁定信息 ‎★用同义、近义或反义的语言转换 间接信息题不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,而且还要将获取的信息用同义或者近义的语言形式进行复述或者转换。首先,阅读题干,有针对性地扫读原文,锁定相关词句等信息。然后,准确理解每个选项的意思,寻找与原文信息相关的同义、近义或者反义的词或短语。最后仔细比对选项和原文信息,选择最佳选项。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2018全国Ⅰ,A)‎ Washington,D.C.Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.‎ Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!‎ ‎...‎ ‎21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?‎ A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.‎ B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.‎ C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.‎ D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.‎ 解题思路A　此题考查间接信息理解。题干中的关键词是“book in advance”,按照段落的顺序进行查找,发现第一段“Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.”中“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!”这一句中“Reserve”与题干关键词意义相同,由此可知,华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅需要提前预订,故答案为A项。‎ ‎3.零散信息题→整合归纳分析 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★查找段落,划定信息 ‎★计算数据,整合分析 考生从文中获得回答细节理解题的具体信息,可以直接找到包含所需信息的段落,迅速划定关键词语,然后重点理解。对于零散型的细节理解或数字运算题,需要找到与之相关的事实或者数据,对其进行分析整合。注意根据文段结构和写作顺序,有针对性地寻读,迅速锁定相关内容。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2020新高考山东,D)‎ ‎...‎ To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.‎ Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin.‎ For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.‎ The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.‎ ‎...‎ ‎14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?‎ A.To see how she would affect the participants.‎ B.To test if the participants could recognize her.‎ C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.‎ D.To study why she could keep her weight down.‎ 解题思路A　此题考查零散信息理解。根据“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.”这一句可知,为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验;再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知,聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响,故答案为A项。‎ 考点二　推理判断题 命题方式 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示的分析,作一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。‎ ‎1.细节推断 细节推断题要求考生根据文章内容,推断具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,然后作出判断。主要设题方式有:‎ It can be inferred from the passage that 　　　　　. ‎ The author strongly suggests that 　　　　　. ‎ It can be concluded from the passage that 　　　　　. ‎ The writer indicates/implies/suggests that 　　　　　. ‎ ‎2.写作意图推断 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意,还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。主要设题方式有:‎ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?‎ The purpose of the text is to get more people to 　　　　　. ‎ The writer of the story wants to tell us that 　　　　　. ‎ The fact...is mentioned by the author to show 　　　　　. ‎ The author writes the last paragraph in order to 　　　　　. ‎ ‎3.观点态度推断 观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上,对作者的观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别,关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写,对文章所交代的人或事情进行评判。主要设题方式有:‎ The attitude of the author towards something is 　　　　. ‎ The writer of the passage seems to think that 　　　　　. ‎ What’s the author’s opinion on...?‎ What do we know about...in the passage?‎ What does the author think about...?‎ ‎4.文章来源和读者对象推断 推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识,这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出正确的答案。主要设题方式有:‎ This passage would be most likely to be found in 　　　　　. ‎ The passage is probably taken from 　　　　　. ‎ Where does this text probably come from?‎ Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from?‎ The text is intended for 　　　　　. ‎ ‎5.推理判断题选项特点 ‎(1)正确选项特点:‎ ‎◆是“弦外之音”,是立足原文推断出来的内容,而不是直接叙述的具体信息。‎ ‎◆没有绝对概念的字眼,如only,never,all,absolutely等。因为是根据原文推断出来的内容,略有模糊成分,留有余地,常含有usually,may,some,might,can,possibly等词汇。‎ ‎(2)干扰选项特点:‎ ‎◆张冠李戴。使用了原文出现的词汇或者句式,但不是本题的内容。‎ ‎◆颠倒是非。选项内容涉及了原文中提及的内容,但是选项意思与之恰恰相反。‎ ‎◆无中生有。这类选项往往是基本的生活常识,观点是正确的,但不是本文表示的内容。‎ ‎◆扩缩范围。原文中可能出现了像almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,usually等词语对文章内容加以限制,干扰项改变了原文范围。‎ ‎◆曲解文意。根据文中某一句话或者利用了里面的字词设计出选项,看似表达了文章的意思,实际上是借题发挥,曲解了文章原意。‎ 技巧点拨 ‎1.明确文章写作目的 关键词:★通读全文,确定文章体裁　★记叙文表达情感或者某个道理;应用文推销或者介绍;说明文展示用途或者过程;议论文论述道理或者表达观点 要做好写作目的题,首先应确定文章的体裁,因为文体不同,写作目的也不同。一般来说,记叙文会在首段或者末段出现高度概括的总结性语言,而且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都围绕该哲理展开。广告类应用文往往会通过对某种产品或者服务,或是电影、旅游景点等的介绍来吸引更多的观众、读者或者游客,会使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。说明文往往向读者展示某物的用途或者制作过程,议论文往往提出论点,进行论证,得出结论,作者的写作意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2020新高考山东,C)‎ In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.‎ His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.‎ This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.‎ Mr Bissell skilfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.‎ ‎11.What is the purpose of this text?‎ A.To introduce a book.‎ B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.‎ C.To remember a writer.‎ D.To recommend a travel destination.‎ 解题思路A　此题考查文章的写作目的。文章开头引出了Tom Bissell写书的背景,从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价,即全文围绕着这本书展开,由此可推断其写作目的就是向读者介绍和推荐这本书,故答案为A项。‎ ‎2.抓住作者的态度和观点 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★速读文章,寻找作者对某事物所持观点态度的语段　★体会字里行间流露出的情感,与选项进行比对 文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的态度或者观点往往隐含在字里行间或者流露于修饰词之中,这就要求考生注意文中作者或者文中人物的措辞。‎ 作者或者文中人物的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词来表示,如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。‎ 作者或者文中人物的态度和观点一般有三类:支持、赞同、乐观;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观;中立、客观。考生应熟悉如下有关作者情感、态度的词语:‎ 褒义词:supportive(支持的),positive(积极的),optimistic(乐观的),enthusiastic(热情的)等。‎ 贬义词:negative(否定的,消极的),critical(批评的),disgusted(厌恶的),disappointed(失望的)等。‎ 中性词:indifferent(漠不关心的),uninterested(不感兴趣的),objective(客观的),neutral(中立的)等。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2017全国Ⅱ,C)‎ ‎...‎ Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ ‎...‎ ‎30.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.Cautious. B.Favorable.‎ C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.‎ 解题思路B　此题考查观点和态度推断。根据“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”,尤其是句中“has already permitted”这一信息可以推断:政府对开发飞行汽车持支持态度,故答案为B项。favorable“偏爱的,支持的”;cautious“谨慎的”;ambiguous “模棱两可的”;disapproving“不同意的”。‎ ‎3.领悟隐含意义 关键词:★阅读题干,锁定信息段落　★详读信息段,领悟隐含意义　★比对选项,进行推断 此类题目要求考生对作者没有明确说明的事实信息和思想倾向作出合理的推断。读懂这种“言外之意,弦外之音”,要求考生具有“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉以及合理推断的思维品质。做题的关键是根据题干要求,在原文中找到相关信息,并依此进行推理。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2020新高考山东,B)‎ Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.‎ Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm,and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school,Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition(学费),because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.‎ Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.‎ Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,”she says.However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that’s pretty powerful.‎ ‎7.What can we learn from Jennifer’s story?‎ A.Time is money.‎ B.Love breaks down barriers.‎ C.Hard work pays off.‎ D.Education is the key to success.‎ 解题思路C　此题考查对文章隐含意义的推断。文章介绍了Jennifer在家境困难的情况下依靠自己完成了学业,在婚后既要照顾家庭还想深造的情况下努力付出,最终实现了目标。读者不难从她的经历中推断出一个人生道理:一个人只要努力总会有回报的,故答案为C项。‎ 考点三　主旨大意题 命题方式 主旨大意题常涉及概括文章或者段落大意、揭示主题以及选择标题等形式。‎ ‎1.概括文章大意 任何文章都有自己的中心思想(main idea),有些文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想。阅读时将每个段落的中心要点归纳总结,‎ 即可得到整篇文章的中心思想。每个段落的中心要点往往是通过主题句(topic sentence)来体现的。考生可采取略读法,以搜寻各段主题句为目标,快速扫视全文,把注意力集中在主要信息上,而不是过分注意细节事实。一般来说,文章的主题或中心会在第一段或最后一段表明,而某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,还有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实来总结主旨大意。‎ 常见的提问方式:‎ Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?‎ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?‎ What is the text mainly about?‎ The main idea of the passage is 　　　　　. ‎ The passage is mainly about 　　　　　. ‎ The passage mainly discusses 　　　　　. ‎ ‎2.总结归纳标题 文章的标题(title)是文章的“眼睛”,通过这双“眼睛”考生可略知文章大意。选准一个适当的标题,应做到:‎ ‎(1)把握文章大意。不能把文章某一段的大意看作整篇文章的大意,更不可把文章的细节看成文章的大意,从而给文章加上一个观点片面的标题。文章的标题实际上是对文章大意最简洁的概括,标题与文章大意息息相关。‎ ‎(2)抓住文章的主题句。因为文章的大意和文章的主题句是一脉相承的,抓住了文章的主题句就抓住了文章的灵魂。‎ ‎(3)注意文章的体裁和写作目的。叙事类文章是为了记叙一件事或一个人物,表达作者的某种感情,所加标题应体现叙事类文章的特点。说明文是为了说明一个事物或过程,标题应体现说明文的特点。‎ 常见的提问方式:‎ What is the best title for the text?‎ What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ The best title for the passage would be 　　　　　. ‎ ‎3.总结段落大意 每个段落通常都有个中心思想,通常中心思想会在首句体现出来,这就是段落主题句。采用归纳法的段落,细节表述在前,归纳概括在后,主题句会在段尾;采用演绎法的段落,先提出观点,后举例子,主题句会出现在段首,这种情况主要出现在说明文和议论文中;若作者采用由特殊到一般,然后再由一般到特殊的方式,主题句会出现在句中。有时作者没有明显写出主题句,需要考生根据段落内容去归纳概括段落大意。‎ 常见的提问方式:‎ What’s the first/second/third...paragraph mainly about?‎ Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph...?‎ What’s the main idea discussed in the first/second/third/...paragraph?‎ The main idea of the first/second/third...paragraph probably is that 　　　　　. ‎ ‎4.主旨大意题选项特点 ‎(1)正确选项特点:‎ ‎◆涵盖性强,覆盖全文或者整个段落内容。‎ ‎◆精确性强,能恰当表达原文主题和中心思想。‎ ‎◆短小醒目,这是标题类选项的特点,是文章的点睛之笔。‎ ‎(2)干扰选项特点:‎ ‎◆覆盖面太大,超出了短文论述的范围。‎ ‎◆以偏概全,涉及的只是短文的某一部分或者某一个细节,或是某一个段落的要点或者部分。‎ ‎◆与短文有交集,但偏离文章或者段落主旨。‎ 技巧点拨 ‎1.文章主旨大意题→寻找主题句,归纳概括 关键词:★分析文章结构,判断文章体裁　★识别段落主题句,归纳总结　★注意转折、疑问、重复等关键信息 寻找主题句时可以使用以下小技巧:①转折词语后面的部分有可能是主题句;②段首出现疑问时,回答部分可能是主题句;③作者有意识重复强调的观点往往是主旨;反复出现的词语往往是体现主旨的关键词;④表示总结或者结论的句子常包含therefore,in short,conclude,thus等信息词。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2018全国Ⅲ,B)‎ Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of 30,000.‎ Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path,killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.‎ But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.‎ ‎27.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.The rise and fall of a city.‎ B.The gold rush in Canada.‎ C.Journeys into the wilderness.‎ D.Tourism in Dawson.‎ 解题思路A　此题考查文章主旨大意。根据第一段中的“But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.”这两句和最后一段中“and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”这一句,以及文章最后一句“Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.”可知,文章主要讲述了一座城市(Dawson City)的兴衰,故答案为A项。B项把文章主旨内容扩大了,文章没有讲很多关于加拿大淘金热的情况;C项和文章主旨不符;D项是文章的细节内容,不能作为主旨大意。‎ ‎2.凝练标题概括题→准确概括全文,简洁醒目 关键词:★概括全文　★有针对性　★简洁醒目 标题的特点是短小精悍,简洁醒目,概括性强,因而标题的拟定应以话题为中心,遵循“概括性、针对性和醒目性”原则。‎ 选择文章标题时可以使用以下小技巧:①从正面考虑,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;②从反面考虑,撇开原文,考虑选项,设想以它们为标题写出的文章会是什么内容,然后和原文对照,逐一排除;③研读选项的中心词、修饰词的变化,与原文内容比对。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2018全国Ⅰ,B)‎ Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.‎ In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.‎ ‎...‎ With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.‎ ‎27.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B.Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D.Cooking Well for Less 解题思路D　此题考查文章标题归纳。全文介绍了“Save Money:Good Food”这个节目旨在教人们如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜,因此D项作为标题最合适。A项只说了文章的一个方面——如何吃得好,没有提到是在省钱的条件下吃得好;B项属于无中生有,文章没有提到均衡饮食;C项以偏概全,只说了做好饭,没有说如何节省。‎ ‎3.归纳段落大意题→寻找主题句,归纳概括 关键词:★寻找段落主题句　★比对选项　★参考全文大意 归纳段落大意时,一定要在把握全段以及全文中心思想的基础上进行。主题句可能出现在段首、段中或者段尾。段落大意要用明确、完整、简洁的语句表达。‎ 归纳段落大意时可使用以下小技巧:①分析段落结构:如果段落是“总→分”结构,主题句一般在段首;如果是“分→总”结构,主题句一般在段尾;如果是“分→总→分”结构,主题句一般在段中;如果是对比各个事物,那么相同点或者不同点就是该段的主旨。②对于没有主题句的段落,要根据各种暗示,充分运用想象力和判断力,选择与作者说话语气相符的选项。‎ ‎【典例印证】(2017全国Ⅱ,C)‎ Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle —named the Transition — has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ ‎...‎ ‎28.What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A.The basic data of the Transition.‎ B.The advantages of flying cars.‎ C.The potential market for flying cars.‎ D.The designers of the Transition.‎ 解题思路A　此题考查对段落主旨的把握。该段的主题句是第一句“Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight...”,再根据本段后面提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、耗油等情况可知,该段是在介绍飞行汽车“Transition”的基本数据,故答案为A项。‎ 考点四　词义猜测题 命题方式 ‎1.词义猜测 词义猜测题常考查对句中关键性词语,像实词、短语、指代关系等的理解。此类题目旨在考査考生根据上下文推断单词或者短语意思的能力。所考查单词的意义通常超出大纲范围,‎ 是对超纲单词含义的推断;有时候画线词不超纲,是熟词生义或是对其在特定语境中的意思的推断。常见的设题方式有:‎ What does the underlined word“...” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ What does “I” in the text mean/refer to?‎ The word/phrase “...” means/suggests/refers to...‎ The word “...” is closest in meaning to...‎ ‎2.句意猜测 需要考生猜测意思的句子通常是一个具有概括性的句子,或是格言、谚语等,要求考生通过阅读文章,结合上下文,用合适的语句对其进行直接或者解释性的描述。主要设题方式有:‎ What does the underlined sentence mean?‎ The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that　　　　　. ‎ 技巧点拨 ‎1.根据上下文语境猜测词义或者句意 文章中的任何单词或句子在内容上都不是孤立的,都与其所在句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此,应利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行符合逻辑的分析,并依此来猜测词义或者句意。‎ ‎2.根据同义词、反义词、举例、定语、同位语等猜测词义 通过上下文的同义词、反义词、举例、同位语从句或同位语词组、定语从句以及其他进行说明或者解释的语段等来确定词义。如果生词在文中直接用句子或段落解释,理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义。‎ 构成同位关系的两部分之间多有逗号,有时也使用破折号、冒号和括号等。需要注意的是,同位语前还常有or,similarly,that is to say,in other words,namely等出现。常用来引出所举例子的提示词语有such as,for example,for instance,like等。‎ ‎3.根据因果关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系,考生可根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。‎ ‎4.根据指代内容猜测词义 文中的代词it,them,he,him,that等可以指上文或者下文提到的人或者事物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远,有时候需要对前面或者后面提到的内容进行总结,才能弄清楚所指代的内容。‎ ‎5.利用对比或者比较的词语猜测词义 能体现对比关系的词语有:but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast to等,标点符号中的分号也可以表示对比。‎ ‎【典例印证1】(2020新高考山东,D)‎ According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.‎ ‎...‎ ‎13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.‎ C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.‎ 解题思路D　此题考查词义猜测。根据“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”可知,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大且又高又瘦的人。根据句中“contrary to(与……相反)”可知,画线词与heavier people意义相反,故正确答案为D项(高而瘦的人)。‎ ‎【典例印证2】(2020新高考山东,C)‎ In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.‎ His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that....‎ ‎9.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.Developing a serious mental disease.‎ B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.‎ C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.‎ D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.‎ 解题思路D　此题考查代词的指代。根据“still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.”这一信息可知,Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。由此推知,画线词“that”指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件事,故答案为D项。‎ ‎(2019全国Ⅲ,B)‎ For Western designers,China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.‎ ‎“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,”says Amanda Hill,chief creative officer at A+E Networks,a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.‎ Earlier this year,the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art,with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.‎ ‎“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world,which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”Of course,not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves ‎ Chinese.“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,”adds Hill. ‎ For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese,so are the models,and so are the consumers,”she says.“China is no longer just another market;in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today,you are talking about China—its influences,its direction,its breathtaking clothes,and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”‎ ‎24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?‎ A.It promoted the sales of artworks.‎ B.It attracted a large number of visitors.‎ C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.‎ D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.‎ ‎25.What does Hill say about Chinese women?‎ A.They are setting the fashion.‎ B.They start many fashion campaigns.‎ C.They admire super models.‎ D.They do business all over the world.‎ ‎26.What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?‎ A.learning from B.looking down on ‎ C.working with D.competing against ‎27.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 解题流程 Step 1　速读文章,把握主旨。‎ Step 2　研读题干,确定考点。‎ Step 3　明确题干关键信息,回归原文锁定解题信息。‎ Step 4　比对四个选项,确定正确答案。‎ 答案详解 ‎【语篇导读】速读文章可知,本文是一篇说明文。文章以国外视角介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。‎ ‎24.B　推理判断题。‎ 解题思路该题问“关于纽约的展览,我们可以知道什么信息?”根据题干中的关键信息“the exhibition in New York”可以将解题信息定位到文章第三段。根据该段中第二句“The exhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可知“出席这次展览的人数创了纪录,表明人们对中国的影响有极大的兴趣”,由此可推知B项“展览吸引了大量的游客”为正确答案。A项“展览促进了艺术品的销售”,C项“展览展示了中国古代服装”,D项“展览旨在介绍中国模特”,均与文中信息不符或无中生有。‎ ‎25.A　细节理解题。‎ 解题思路该题问的是“关于中国女性,Hill说了什么?”根据题干中的关键词“Hill”和“Chinese women”可以将解题信息定位到文章第四段。根据该段第二句中Hill说的话“...which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”可知,“中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者——她们是时尚运动的核心”。由此可知,Hill认为中国女性正在引领时尚,故A项“她们在确立时尚”为正确答案。B项“她们开办许多时尚活动”,C项“她们羡慕超级模特”和D项“她们在全世界做生意”均与文中信息不符。‎ ‎26.D　词义猜测题。‎ 解题思路该题问的是第四段中的画线短语“taking on”是什么意思。根据题干中的关键词“taking on”可以将信息定位到文章第四段中的最后一句“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales”。画线词前面的一句提到“当代一些最优秀的时装设计师本身就是中国人”,本句接着列举了“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu”三个例子,再结合破折号后的信息“在设计和销售方面都击败了她们”可知,该短语的意思应是“与……竞争”,故选D项。 ‎ ‎27.D　主旨大意题。‎ 解题思路该题问的是适合文章的标题是什么。通读全文尤其是第三段和最后一段的最后一句可知,本文主要介绍了对西方设计师而言,中国极其丰富的文化一直都是西方创作的灵感来源。而D项“中国文化推动国际时尚潮流”概括了文章主旨,最适合作为本文的标题。A项“年轻模特向世界推销梦想”属于无中生有,B项“纽约举办的一场中国艺术展”属于以偏概全,C项“东西方美学的差异”过于笼统。‎ 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1‎ A ‎(2020全国Ⅰ,A)‎ Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.‎ While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.‎ Lost property(失物招领)‎ Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于) at Roma Street station.‎ Public holidays On public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event days,i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days,special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.‎ Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.‎ Guardian trains (outbound)‎ Depart Origin Destination Arrive ‎6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes ‎7:37pm ‎7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes ‎8:52pm ‎8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes ‎9:52pm ‎11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes ‎12:22am ‎1.What would you do to get ticket information?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.Call 13 16 17.‎ B.Visit translink.com.au.‎ C.Ask at the local station.‎ D.Check the train schedule.‎ ‎2.At which station can you find the lost property office?‎ A.Altandi.‎ B.Roma Street.‎ C.Varsity Lakes.‎ D.Fortitude Valley.‎ ‎3.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?‎ A.6:42pm.‎ B.7:29pm.‎ C.8:57pm.‎ D.11:02pm.‎ B ‎(2020全国Ⅱ,B)‎ Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.‎ Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.‎ The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.‎ ‎“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.‎ The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.‎ The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.‎ ‎4.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?‎ A.Building confidence.‎ B.Developing spatial skills.‎ C.Learning self-control.‎ D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.‎ ‎5.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?‎ A.Parents’ age.‎ B.Children’s imagination.‎ C.Parents’ education.‎ D.Child-parent relationship.‎ ‎6.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?‎ A.They play with puzzles more often.‎ B.They tend to talk less during the game.‎ C.They prefer to use more spatial language.‎ D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.‎ ‎7.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.A mathematical method.‎ B.A scientific study.‎ C.A woman psychologist.‎ D.A teaching program.‎ C ‎(2020全国Ⅲ,C)‎ With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together.‎ The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law:she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.‎ Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.‎ ‎“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”‎ And what does Nick think?“From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”‎ It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.‎ Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.‎ Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.‎ ‎8.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?‎ A.Nick. B.Rita.‎ C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.‎ ‎9.What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?‎ A.Positive. B.Carefree.‎ C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.‎ ‎10.What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?‎ A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports.‎ C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.‎ ‎11.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.Lifestyles in different countries.‎ B.Conflicts between generations.‎ C.A housing problem in Britain.‎ D.A rising trend of living in the UK.‎ D ‎(2020年7月浙江,A)‎ I am an active playgoer and play-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theatre with others.To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the shirt play.‎ Each player has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.A few characters are sued to create a single impression growing out the theme.It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However,satire,poignant drama,historical and reginal drama.To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play,I have included a guidance play,a radio play and a television play.‎ Among the writers of the plays in this collection,Paul Green,Susan Glaspell,Maxwell Anderson,Thornton Wilder,Willian Saroyan,and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theatre.More information about　the playwrights will be found at the end this book.‎ To get the most out of reading these plays,try to picture the play on stage,with you,the reader,in the audience.The houselights dim(变暗).The curtains are about to open,and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.‎ ‎12.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.He has written dozens of plays.‎ B.He has a deep love for the theater.‎ C.He is a professional stage actor.‎ D.He likes reading short plays to others.‎ ‎13.What does the author avoid doing in his work?‎ A.Stating the plays’ central ideas.‎ B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.‎ C.Including various types of plays.‎ D.Offering information on the playwrights.‎ ‎14.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?‎ A.Control their feelings.‎ B.Apply their acting skills.‎ C.Use their imagination.‎ D.Keep their audience in mind.‎ ‎15.What is this text?‎ A.A short story.‎ B.An introduction to a book.‎ C.A play review.‎ D.An advertisement for a theater.‎ ‎【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ‎①in possession of拥有……‎ ‎②as scheduled 按照计划 ‎③lost property失物招领 ‎④math-related skills与数学有关的技能 ‎⑤interact with sb与某人互动 ‎⑥at risk of有……的风险 ‎⑦ground floor底层,一楼 ‎⑧float the idea提出想法 ‎⑨from my standpoint从我的立场来看 ‎⑩multigenerational households多代同堂的家庭 playgoer n.爱看戏的人 play-reader n.剧本读评人 central idea中心思想 grow out of产生于……‎ ruin the pleasure of reading 毁掉了阅读的乐趣 Unit 2‎ A ‎(2020全国Ⅱ,A)‎ The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History,Culture & Landscape(景观).Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history,5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk.Owned by the Hasell family since 1679,home to the International Marmalade Festival.Gifts and antiques,plant sales,museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.‎ Open:29 Mar-29 Oct,Sun to Thurs.‎ Tearoom,Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).‎ House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct).‎ Town:Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.‎ Open:Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.30-17.00 Summer.10.30-16.00 Winter.‎ Town:Kendal Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover,explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House,where historic collections,contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery.There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun,so there’s something for everyone!‎ Open:High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct:Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00,Sun 11.00-17.00.‎ Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar:Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30,Sun 12.00-16.30.‎ Town:Carlisle Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home.Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage,walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.Visit the shop and relax in the café.Exhibitions,events and family activities throughout the year.‎ Open:Daily,09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00).‎ Town:Grasmere ‎1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.09.30-17.30.‎ B.10.30-16.00.‎ C.11.15-16.00.‎ D.12.00-16.30.‎ ‎2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?‎ A.Enjoy Romney’s works.‎ B.Have some interactive fun.‎ C.Attend a famous festival.‎ D.Learn the history of a family.‎ ‎3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?‎ A.Penrith. B.Kendal.‎ C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.‎ B ‎(2020全国Ⅰ,B)‎ Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books don’t change,people do.And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.‎ The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.It’s true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,it’s all about the present.It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight.‎ There are three books I reread annually.The first,which I take to reading every spring,is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964,it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的),an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio Cort