专题10 特殊句式-备战2021年高考英语之纠错笔记系列（原卷版）1 12页

The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _________ dangerous a scene it was! （单 句语法填空） 【错因分析】混淆 what 引导的感叹句和 how 引导的感叹句。 【试题解析】句意：那个小男孩骑着自行车沿着机动车道全速而来。多危险的一幕啊！本题考查感叹句。 感叹句分为：①How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语；②What（+a/an）+形容词+单数可 数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语。 【参考答案】How 用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由 what 或 how 引导，具体用 法如下表： 类别 结构 例句 what 引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数 名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! What a kind girl (she is)! （她是）一个多么善良 的女孩啊！ What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/ 不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花！ What bad weather (it is)! 多么糟糕的天气！ how 引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝！ How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓 How brave (the hero is)!（这个英雄）真勇敢！ 语）! How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊！ How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数 名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! How clever (a boy he is)! （他是）一个多么聪明 的男孩啊！ 感叹句记忆口诀 感叹句，并不难，what 与 how 应在前。 形容词、副词跟着 how，what 后面名词连。 名词若是可数单，前带冠词 a 或 an。 主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见 1. ____________ exciting news! We’ve never had ____________ long vacation before. A. What; such a B. What an; such a C. How; such a D. What; so 2. —Look! ____________ clean the classroom looks! —Yes. I’m sure somebody ____________ it up. A. What; has cleaned B. How; has cleaned C. What; cleaned D. How; cleaned It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, ____________ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 祈使句的基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。 1. 肯定的祈使句 ①句型：动词原形＋其他成分。 Be careful!小心！ ②＂Do＋祈使句＂表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do 起强调作用。 ③please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 please 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。 Close the door, please. 请关门。 2. 否定的祈使句 ①常用句型：Don’t＋动词原形＋其他成分。 Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了！ ②用 Never 开头：Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。 Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天！ 3. Let 引导的祈使句 以 Let 开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let...not 或 Don’t... Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。 Don’t let the boy play football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。 祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 1. ＂Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他＂可转换为＂Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? ＂。 Let’s go fishing this afternoon. =Shall we go fishing this afternoon? 2. ＂祈使句 + and/or + 简单句＂可转换为含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 Use your head, and you’ll find a way. =If you use your head, you’ll find a way. Hurry up, or we’ll be late. =If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late. 祈使句的应答语 1. 以 Let’s 开头的祈使句，其答语常用 Good idea. /OK. /Yes, I’d love to.等。 —Let’s go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。 —Good idea. 好主意。 2. 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为 Yes, I will.；否定祈使句的应答语为 Sorry/No, I won’t(do it again).。 —It’s going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。 —Thanks, I will. 谢谢，我会的。 —Don’t play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。 —Sorry, I won’t do it again. 对不起，我将不再那样做了。 1.【2018·北京卷·单项填空】In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 2. —Mark, please don’t play basketball on the road. It’s very dangerous. —____________. I am going home at once. A. Have a great time B. Sorry, I won’t do that C. I’d like to D. OK, with pleasure 3. ____________ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. Not B. Not too C. Don’t D. Don’t to 4. —Look at the sign; what does it mean? —It means＂____________＂. A. Don’t talking B. No talking C. Not talk 5. ____________ a dairy every day and you’ll improve your writing. A. Keeping B. To keep C. Keep D. If you keep 6. —Wish you good luck in the entrance exam. —____________. The same to you. A. Thank you B. See you C. I’m sorry to hear that 1. Only with the greatest luck she managed to escape from the rising flood water. （单句改错） 【错因分析】only 修饰的状语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 【试题解析】句意：只有拥有极好的运气，她才能从不断上涨的洪水中逃出来。only 位于句首，后接状语 时，句子要用部分倒装。 【参考答案】she managed 改为 did she manage 2. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and neither is Tom. （单句改错） 【错因分析】对 neither+助动词+主语构成的部分倒装结构的用法掌握不牢。 【试题解析】句意：简今晚不跟我们一起吃饭了，汤姆也不来了。前者的否定情况也适用于后者，用 neither/nor+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语结构，前后两句的时态及谓语动词必须一致。 【参考答案】is Tom 改为 will Tom 3. _______（catch）the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.（单句语法填空） 【错因分析】从句未使用部分倒装 【试题解析】本题实际上是一个条件句的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，从句中使用＂过去完成时＂， 主句使用情态动词+have done；当条件句中的 if 省略的时候，要把 had 提到主语前，构成部分倒装。 【参考答案】Had he caught 倒装句的种类 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全 倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这叫做部分倒装。 (1)完全倒装 完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。 On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。 Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。 Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。 (2)部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。 Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。 Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她。 Well do I remember the day I joined the League. 入团的那一天，我记忆犹新。 Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 倒装句的重点点击 1. 常见部分倒装结构 含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如 never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, few, not, no, by no means, in no way, at no time 等)放在句首时 2. 常见完全倒装结构 There be 结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替 be 动词的动词有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand, remain 等 Neither/nor 引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。 She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。 注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用＂It is the same with +主语＂结构或用＂So it is with +主语＂结构。 He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是 这样。(既有肯定又有否定) She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。(谓语 一个是系动词，一个是行为动词) ⑦其它形式的完全倒装 Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。(形容词短语在句首) Such was the story he told me. 他给我讲的故事就是这样的。(代词在句首) First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。(不定式短语在句首) Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。(过去分词在句首) Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。(现在分词短语在句 首) 倒装句速记口诀 副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。 only 修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。 否定意义副连词，＂既不…也不＂须倒装。 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。 such 代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。 Not only 开头句，前一分句须倒装。 had，were，should 虚拟句，省略 if 半倒装。 1. I believe that when the power of love overcomes the love of power, ________ then will there be peace in this world. 2. Only after Mary read her essay the second time ________ she notice the spelling mistake. 3. Never ________ it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves. 4. Only after one has become a parent ________ he realize how great his parents are. 5. He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper, because barely ________ (can) he make ends meet. 6. It’s not what you have in your life but ________ you have in your life that matters. 7. Who was it ________ played a trick on the new English teacher? 8. It was what he meant rather than what he said ________ annoyed me. 9. —Was it at 11 o’clock ________ your father came back last night? —Yes, he is always coming back so late. 10. —What do you think it is ________ has brought worldwide attention to China? —Rapid and steady economic growth, of course. 11. So touching _______ the song sound that I couldn’t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time. （单句 语法填空） 1. It was when we were returning home _________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 【错因分析】考生容易忽视强调句型的考查点，从而填入其他连接词。 【试题解析】去掉 It was 和空格后仍然完整，据此判断此处为强调句型。句意：正是在我们回家的时候我才 意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是那么好。 【参考答案】that 强调句的两种基本句型 1. It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋原句的剩余部分 被强调的部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和 状语，但不能是定语或谓语。表示强调的 it 在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it 本身没有词义。一般讲， 原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来等各种时态，用 It is…that…；如果原句谓语动词是过去范畴的各种时态， 则用 It was… that…。如果强调的主语为人也可以用 who 代替 that，强调的宾语为人也可以用 who 或 whom 代替 that。 2. 谓语动词的强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词 do/does 或 did。有以下情况： (1)do 用于强调肯定的祈使句以及实义动词为一般现在时的肯定句(主语是第三人称单数改用 does) Do sit down.务必请坐。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！ They do work hard at English. 他们对英语的学习确实很努力。 He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。 (2)did 用于对实义动词为一般过去时肯定句的强调 He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。 强调句的重点点击 1. 强调句的变式(一般疑问句形式，特殊疑问句形式和反意疑问句形式) 句式基本特征：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that…；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that… 句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…? 或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it + be++被强调部分+ that… 句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…, isn’t / wasn’t it? 2. 强调句型中的对等结构 在强调句型中，有时强调，not …but…/…not…/…rather than …等连接的平行对等结构，此时既要注重对 等结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。 句式特征为： It is/was not…but…that…不是……而是……(that 后的动词与 but 后的名词或代词保持一致) It is/was…that… not …是……而不是…… It is /was… not …that…是……而不是……(that 后的动词应与 not 前的名词或代词保持一致) It is/was…rather than…that…是……而不是……(that 后的动词应与 rather than 前的名词或代词保持一致) 1.【2018·天津卷·单项填空】It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A. which B. that C. when D. where 2. It might have been John _________ bought a present for Mary yesterday. A. that B. when C. what D. which 3. It was evening _________ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 4. It is not who is right but what is right _________ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. this 5. It _________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _________ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that 6. It was not until she got home _________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. where D. before 7. _________ the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development. A. It was until B. Not until C. Until D. It was not until 8. Was it from the lake _________ he often went fishing _________ he saved the drowning girl? A. that; that B. where; where C. where; that D. that; where 9. I really don’t know _________ I had my money stolen. A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that 10. If you have a job, _________ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. A. do devote B. don’t devote C. devoting D. not devoting 1. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 2. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. 3. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well strong. 4. The (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 5. Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much too little. 6. They will be as difficult and painful holding a hot potato. 7. He loved the 4th wife the most. He took great care of her and gave her nothing the best. 8. And I’d like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks. not knives and forks, like Americans? 9. So long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn to spend money. 10. Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack. 11. No. And that’s not all. The bus was one hour late. Worse , it picked up passengers on the way to our destination. 12. It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty matters. 13. Yes, but it is not as easy you imagine. 14. Chopsticks may be made of any of the following materials: bamboo, wood, gold, silver, ivory, or plastic, and they may be round or square. 15. Radio has changed a lot since we were young. It used be the major source of fun for the family. 16. Tom: Yes. I think the underground is the most convenient way to travel in London. Mary: I think , too. 17. Smoking not only does harm to their health to others. 18. Caroline: I think it was interesting. Joyce: do I. I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year. 19. To be honest, I really can’t understand how people depend on that way to make friends. It’s kind of risky. 20. As far as I (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese — English dictionary within easy reach. 21. The more he thought about it, the (angry) he became and soon he noticed the boy became angry too. 22. We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, for the week after. 23. I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money? 24. Although it costs more to produce a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. 25. —Where did you come across our Chinese teacher? —It was in the supermarket I purchased moon cakes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________