2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（7）七选五（一） 9页

七选五（一）‎ ‎(2018·郑州市第一次质量预测)‎ Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?‎ Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.‎ Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers — something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected.‎ Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached.‎ ‎__4__ In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__‎ A．The same is true of gallery goers.‎ B．But don't play down small talk just yet.‎ C．They found that small talk is related to happiness.‎ D．Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.‎ E．Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.‎ F．A “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions”．‎ G．Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了聊天会让人开心。‎ ‎1．选B　根据上文的“In one study, researchers ... related to happiness.”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.”可知，空格前后表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。‎ ‎2．选D　根据下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected.”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。‎ ‎3．选A　根据下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。‎ ‎4．选G　根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。‎ ‎5．选F　根据上文的“But people who were ... into personal exchanges.”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。‎ 七选五 SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review. It is a proven technique to sharpen textbook reading skills. Here's how this strategy works：‎ Survey Get an idea of what the chapter is about by reviewing the highlights (最突出的部分)：‎ ‎__1__‎ Take note of words that are italicized (斜体) or bold (黑体)．‎ Look at charts, graphs, pictures, maps and other visual material.‎ Read the very beginning and end of the chapter.‎ Question As you survey the text, ask a question for each section. __2__ You can create questions by：‎ Turning the title or subtitles into questions；‎ Rewriting the questions at the end of the chapter in your own words.‎ Questions help you pay attention, understand the text better, and recall the information more easily later on.‎ Read Read one section of a chapter at a time, actively looking for an answer to your ‎ question for that section. Pay attention to bold and italicized text that authors use to make important points. Be sure to review everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and charts. __3__‎ Recite At the end of each section, find an answer to your question for that section. __4__ Be sure to provide examples that support it. Now repeat Question, Read and Recite steps for each section of the chapter or assigned reading.‎ Review After reading, review your notes. Identify the main points of the reading by looking for the most important idea in each section. __5__‎ Review your study notes and the summary every week to help you remember the information. When it's time to study for your tests, you'll find you've created an invaluable guide.‎ A．Read the titles and subtitles.‎ B．Then write down your answer.‎ C．First ask a question for the next section.‎ D．Write a brief summary of the chapter or assignment.‎ E．The written questions and answers will help you study in the future.‎ F．Ask what, why, how, when, who and where as they relate to the content.‎ G．These features can communicate an idea more powerfully than written text.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五步读书法，即：浏览、提问、阅读、复述、复习。‎ ‎1．选A　根据本空前的内容可知，浏览的时候要特别注意文章中的突出部分。根据常识我们知道，“标题和副标题”在字体及字号等方面往往不同于正文，比较显眼。‎ ‎2．选F　F项中的Ask符合五步读书法中的“提问”。‎ ‎3．选G　本空前提示读者在阅读时要注意图表信息，因为“这些吸引人眼球的内容比文字更能有力地传达信息”。‎ ‎4．选B　根据“复习”部分提到的notes可知，在复述时，不仅要解答之前提问的问题，还要“把答案写下来”，并要提供支持该答案的例证。‎ ‎5．选D　根据常识及下段中的summary可知，在复习的时候要“写一个简单的总结”。‎ 七选五 Should We Get Rid of Cash?‎ When it comes to money, many people still think of the paper bill in their wallets.‎ ‎ For years, cash (or paper currency) has played an important role in our daily activity.__1__‎ The idea first came up when he read a statistic report about currency distribution released by the US Treasury, the department in control of the central bank. __2__ On the other hand, border states like Florida and California, which were heavily involved in drug trafficking (贩毒), see an ever increasing need for large bills.‎ Rogoff argues that most big bills in circulation were being used for one of two purposes. Profitmotivated crimes such as illegal gambling, drugs, prostitution, loan sharking, the fencing of stolen merchandise take up a major part. Tax evasion (逃税) by people who arrange to receive cash income and don't report it also contribute to its popularity.__3__‎ However, the total amount of cash issued by government is still booming. The government don't know where it goes. __4__ But they are happy to know that it's popular, because they make money by making money — about $70 billion a year. It is unlikely that they can enjoy such benefit though. If taken into account the human cost, the enforcement cost, the tax loss, these visible profits will be easily offset.‎ ‎__5__ Here's a typical opinion: “The day we go cashless, the government will be able to track your every move. This is nothing more than a call for dictatorship.”‎ A．He strongly urged the government to do something about it.‎ B．They don't know who's using it.‎ C．There are other people who see cash very differently.‎ D．The problem is that it also aids crime.‎ E．But Harvard professor Ken Rogoff is now appealing to the government to put it into extinction.‎ F．He noticed that some regions, like the Midwest, had almost no demand for the $100 bills.‎ G．But its popularity is slowly decreasing as we have more ways to pay, according to Harvard professor Ken Rogoff.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章以“金钱”为切入点，主要讨论了是否应该取消现金的问题。‎ ‎1．选E　空格前提到现金在我们的日常活动中起重要作用，再结合第二段第一句中的“The idea first came up when he read a statistic ‎ report”可以判断，空格处应指但是有人认为应该取消现金。E项承上启下，符合语境。故E项正确。‎ ‎2．选F　空格前提到Rogoff读过一份货币流通的统计报告；空格后提到另一方面，一些涉及大量贩毒的边境地区需要大面额纸币，故空格处应介绍Rogoff从报告中获取的关于不需要大面额现金的信息。F项“他注意到一些地区，像中东，几乎不需要100美元面额的钞票”，符合语境。故F项正确。‎ ‎3．选A　该段介绍了大面额钞票的两种非法用途：非法获取高额利润和逃税。据此可以判断，空格处应为Rogoff对此的看法。A项“他强烈要求政府对此采取措施”承接上文，符合语境。故A项正确。‎ ‎4．选B　根据空格上一句“The government don't know where it goes.”可知，政府不知道这些钱去哪了；据此可以判断，B项“他们也不知道谁在使用这些现金”与上句相呼应，都是政府的表现。故B项正确。‎ ‎5．选C　根据空格下一句可知，本段陈述的是对于现金的另外一个观点；据此可判断，C项“也有人对现金有不同看法”，符合语境。故C项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2018·济南高三一模)While you are travelling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even illfeeling between individuals. __1__‎ ‎●Touching Someone ‎__2__ In Mediterranean countries, if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug, you'll be considered cold. But backslap (拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you'll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred — never even pat a child on the head.‎ ‎●Talking Over Dinner In some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, the food's the thing, so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. __3__ It's not because your group is unfriendly, but because meal times are for eating, not talking.‎ ‎●Removing Your Shoes or Not Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. __4__‎ Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. __5__ And don't feel offended if something seems offensive — like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.‎ A．Personal space varies as you travel the globe.‎ B．Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home.‎ C．Never be completely surprised by anything.‎ D．The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.‎ E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.‎ F．If not, keep the shoes on.‎ G．You'll likely be met with silence.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同文化当中的不同习俗和礼仪，了解这些习俗和礼仪有助于我们避免在与外国友人交流时出现文化方面的错误或者误解。‎ ‎1．选E　本文是“总—分—总”的结构，而空格处所在段落是文章的总起段。空格处应是要引出对下文三种不同的文化习俗的介绍。E项“Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.”意为“当心以下这些文化错误并尽力避免它们”，能够引起下文。故选E。‎ ‎2．选A　根据本段的小标题“Touching Someone”以及下文介绍的不同国家在肢体接触方面有不同的习俗可知，空格处应当总领全段。A项“当你环球旅游时，你会发现各地对私人空间的定义是不同的”能够总领该段。故选A。‎ ‎3．选G　根据空格前一句可知，在上述这些国家，吃饭的时候要专心。当别人吃晚饭时，不要闲聊你白天的经历。G项“你很有可能会遭遇沉默”紧密衔接上文。故选G。‎ ‎4．选F　根据本段小标题“Removing Your Shoes or Not”可知，该段讨论的是“要不要脱鞋”的问题。空格处应与空格前一句“So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces.”之间为对比关系。F项“如果不是这样，那就穿上鞋子”符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎5．选C　该段为总结段。空格处应为具有总结性质的句子。空格后一句是说如果一些事情看起来是具有冒犯性的，但是要入乡随俗，不要感觉被冒犯了，并举插队一例进行说明。C项“不要对任何事情感到诧异”符合语境且引出下句。故选C。‎ 七选五 Too often an inappropriate view gets around us that it is our physical conditions that make us happy or unhappy. As a consequence, physical conditions have been overstated.‎ ‎__1__， that is, good standard of living, high goals that we want to obtain, surrounding ourselves with a nice house, nice car, nice clothes, etc. __2__. But many times once we obtain our goals and are surrounded by what we thought would make us happy, we are still unhappy.‎ Also on the other end of the stick, many, many people are unhappy now, because they have not obtained their goals and __3__， which, consequently, adds to their dissatisfaction with life.‎ So this is why so many people keep themselves for most of their lives in a state of “incompleteness” and unhappiness, and this is why so many super successful people still aren't happy. The reason is that __4__. They think that the Universe should give them what they want first and then they'll be happy. But that just puts a barrier in between them and happiness because of the way the Universe is set up.‎ The message here is to understand that your desires tell you where you want to put your focus in your life, however, __5__. You make yourself happy from the inside out, not the outside in. Do not require certain conditions be met for your happiness, because it won't work anyway.‎ A．We have different ways to get what really makes us happy B．they don't have what they want in life C．We set out to get happy by trying to control all the wonderful conditions around ourselves D．they are never there to be found in life E．they should not control your happiness in this moment F．We may think this is the key to our happiness G．they don't realize how to get happy 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。本文谈论的是人们认为的幸福实际上并没有给人们带来幸福，作者就如何才能得到真正的幸福提出了自己的观点。‎ ‎1．选C　根据上文中的“physical conditions”及下文中的“good standard of living ...nice clothes”可知，C项“我们通过努力掌控我们身边美好的物质条件来获取幸福”与上文相呼应，与“that is”后面的解释也一致。故选C。‎ ‎2．选F　根据语境可知，很多时候当我们拥有了良好的生活标准，实现了我们想要的目标，拥有了漂亮的房子、车子、衣服时，我们可能就认为这是幸福的关键所在了。F项“我们可能会认为这就是幸福的关键了”衔接上文，并与下文构成转折，符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎3．选B　根据语境可知，此处分析了不快乐的人的心理。根据“because they have not obtained their ‎ goals”可知，许多人不快乐是因为没有达到目标，and连接和前面并列的内容。B项“他们没有拥有生活中想要的”也是人们不快乐的原因，并且和下文联系紧密。故选B。‎ ‎4．选G　上文提到，拥有了良好物质条件的人仍然感到不幸福，没有达到目标的人也感到不幸福，此处作者给出他们感到不幸福的理由，因为“他们没有意识到如何获得快乐”。由此可知，G项与上文衔接紧密。故选G。‎ ‎5．选E　上文提到，本文传递的信息就是要让你明白，你的欲望会告诉你，在生活中要看重什么。由however可知，后面的内容应与前面的叙述形成对比，所以E项“这时这些欲望不应该左右你的幸福感”符合语境。故选E。‎ 七选五 Do you wish to one day become a great artist? Or maybe you're looking for a career in art and need to improve your skills. __1__， here are some ideas to help you improve your art skills.‎ ‎·One of the most important things in art is practicing You've probably heard it many times already — practice makes perfect. __2__.‎ ‎·Take a few moments each day to study your surroundings Look at the face of the person you're talking to. Notice how the light affects where all the shadows go and the shape of his feature. __3__. These things will help you gain a better understanding of how real objects work, are shaped and will come in handy when you're drawing.‎ ‎·Learn how to obtain the correct colors and their properties accurately The color concepts are very different than that in grade school basic art. The basic white and black to get shades and tones has a tendency to change the hue (色调) and make it dull and false. __4__.‎ ‎·Look at other artists' works Pay attention to their styles of drawing, so you can expand your viewpoint. And if you want, try copying their styles for a day to get a good idea on it. Also take trips to museums and art exhibits to gain inspiration.‎ ‎·__5__‎ Whether it is a picture in a magazine or a bowl of fruit you set up on your counter, it's a good practice and it'll help you improve a lot.‎ A．Whatever the case may be B．However far you have reached C．Try using a model when you draw D．Try observing the color and light in another perspective when you learn E．Blue and yellow depending on many factors will be brown and not always green F．Observe colors and shadows around you, and take a look at textures or how clothing wrinkles G．Although you can't reach “perfect” in art, practicing drawing every day will help you improve a lot 语篇解读：你希望有朝一日成为艺术家吗？如果你在寻找与艺术有关的工作，而且需要提高技能的话，本文提出的五点建议会对你有所帮助。‎ ‎1．选A　上文的两句提到了两种情况。无论是何种情况，本文中的建议能帮助提高艺术技能。A项所在句在此处承上启下。‎ ‎2．选G　由上文可知，可能你已经听过很多次“熟能生巧”。G项“尽管你达不到艺术上的‘完美’，但是每天练习绘画会帮助你提高许多”承接上文，符合语境。‎ ‎3．选F　上句提到要留意光线如何影响阴影的位置和他的外形。F项与上句共同解释本段主旨“每天花上一些时间研究你周围的事物”。‎ ‎4．选E　上句提到，基础白色和黑色具有改变色调的倾向，并使之沉闷和虚假。E项“在许多因素影响之下，蓝色和黄色在一起会变成褐色，并不总是绿色”承接上句，说明确实如本段首句所说，会有不同。‎ ‎5．选C　空格下一段提到，无论是杂志上的一幅画还是操作台上的一碗水果都可以作为很好的练习对象，可以帮助你提高很多。C项“绘画时尝试使用模特”概括了本段主题，适合作主旨句。‎