2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（3）阅读理解（三） 10页

阅读理解（三）‎ A A couple of months ago, we were in a hurry to get somewhere, but it seemed that my 6yearold daughter had an instinctive (本能的) capacity to slow things down. In response I had become impatient, frustrated and unkind. As I unloaded my apology, she said, “Mom, it's OK. You've never been a mom before. This is your first time. You're just trying. It's OK.”‎ Her response made me feel ashamed. She had been able to give me what I had refused to give her just moments before — mercy, understanding and sympathy. And I needed it. We all do. In fact, there may be nothing more needed today in our nation and communities. ‎ It's no wonder that former Westboro Baptist Church member Megan has transformed her idea. She spent 20 years representing her family's beliefs with messages of hate towards blacks, Jews and those who support abortion. When she finally started being able to engage in (参与) civil dialog with her “enemies”， she found that “people on the other side were not the ones I had been led to believe ...” Finally, she left the faith of her family. What surprised her most was the forgiveness and understanding she experienced from those who had been her former “enemies”．‎ My experience with my daughter teaches me that the ability to engage “with the other”， to form a judgment, to avoid tough judgements, and to show sympathy is learned first, and practiced best, at home — even if, as in my case, it is my children who teach me the lesson. Researchers believe the key to developing those abilities in our children lies in how we respond to their feelings, especially the negative ones.‎ We should all make efforts to create a world where we are all better able to take the perspective (观点) of others, stay away from tough judgments and recognize and respect the humanity in the souls around us. This desire makes my own struggling to be better worth all the efforts every day.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了作者在对女儿道歉时，受到女儿回答的影响，意识到我们需要同情和理解对方。‎ ‎1．What did the author think of her daughter's reaction?‎ A．Her daughter was not so kind.‎ B．Her daughter did better than her.‎ C．Her daughter's words annoyed her.‎ D．Her daughter should make an apology.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中作者对女儿道歉时女儿的答语可知B项正确。‎ ‎2．The author mentions the example of Megan in order to ________.‎ A．show that blacks and Jews are treated unfairly B．judge whether what Megan did was right or not C．show that there are no forever enemies in our life D．prove that people should show understanding to each other　‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。作者列举梅甘的例子是为了证明自己前面提到的以及后面还要重复强调的观点，即我们要学会站在对方的角度去看待问题，亦即人们之间要互相理解。‎ ‎3．Why did Megan change her attitude towards her former “enemies”？‎ A．Because she forgave them at last.‎ B．Because she knew them better later.‎ C．Because she made herself understood by them.‎ D．Because she felt great sympathy towards them.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，梅甘之所以把那些人当成敌人，是因为她并没有真正了解那些人，后来通过了解之后发现他们并不是自己以前认为的那样。‎ ‎4．What's the author's attitude toward our future?‎ A．Hopeful.　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.‎ C．Cautious. D．Worried.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段作者说我们要努力创造一个更好地对待别人的世界，远离不公正的判断和尊重周围的人可以看出，作者对未来是抱有希望的。‎ B ‎(2018·山东省部分重点中学联考)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl, yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy awards. When somebody asks her，“How do you hear？” She responds, “How do you hear? Is it only with your ears？” For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding. We need to listen to what is said and unsaid, and also how it is said.‎ It's important to hear what people say accurately. As Mark Twain said，“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug (萤火虫)．” If you miss something or you're not sure you've heard accurately, ask the speakers. At this point you're not evaluating ‎ what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding. Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and don't say. Why are they saying this now, instead of sooner or later? Why are they emphasizing these points, instead of something else?‎ Listen to how it is said. People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say. While going through the next points, think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss, and see if any of these signals might come up. First, voices. When others speak, notice changes in their volume, pace, and tone. Second, body language. Notice gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Do these sync what they are saying, or do they tell a different story? Third, emotions. What is the person true feeling? Now you might not know for sure, but be considerate, open to understanding, and ask thoughtful questions.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。‎ ‎1．What's the writer's purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?‎ A．To give an example of wise words.‎ B．To introduce a worldfamous musician.‎ C．To help explain the meaning of listening.‎ D．To encourage us to fight against disability.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding.”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。‎ ‎2．What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?‎ A．It is important to have a good knowledge of English words.‎ B．People should know words can be used in many different ways.‎ C．English is a very complicated language with a large vocabulary.‎ D．The slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It's important to hear what people say accurately.”和“At this point you're not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “sync” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Match.　　　　　　　　 B．Prove.‎ C．Describe. D．Analyze.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions”；再根据画线词后的“what they are saying, or do they tell a different story”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。‎ ‎4．Which is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Speak While You Listen B．Listen Beyond Words C．Read Between Lines D．Think as You Talk 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。‎ C Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached for her cellphone and typed a text to her mom, one recent Saturday. Mom was right downstairs in the kitchen. The text? Anna wanted an egg for breakfast. Soon after, Joanna Schiferl called, “If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now. “I was kind of being lazy，” she admits.‎ These days, many people with cellphones prefr texting to a phone call. And that's creating a communication divide, of sorts — the talkers vs. the texters. Some would argue that it's no big deal. But many experts say the most successful communicators will, of course, have the competence to do both. And they fear that more of us are unable to have — or at least are avoiding — the traditional facetoface conversations.‎ Many professors (教授) say it is not common to see students outside of class. “I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me, often late at night，” says Renee Houston, a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington state. “And they never call.”‎ As Anna sees it: “There are people you'll text, but won't call. It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected. “The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny, coauthor of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.‎ ‎“The problem has been there since we've had telephones — probably since the time of a telegraph (电报)，” Grenny says. Texting is just the latest way to do that. Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves, Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own ‎ cellphones. He says that they also should set limits, as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家表明，经常发短信可能会使人们在面对面交流时产生障碍。‎ ‎1．According to Paragraph 1, Joanna ________.‎ A．was very strict with her daughter B．did not know how to use a cellphone C．was angry that her daughter got up late D．did not have any breakfast that morning 解析：选A　推理判断题。由该段中的“If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me”可知，Joanna对她的女儿要求十分严格，故选A项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “competence” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．chance B．ability C．courage D．patience 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由该段中的“the talkers vs. the texters”等相关信息可知，这里是说：大多数成功的交流者有能力把两者都做好，即：不但善于口头沟通也善于通过短信来交流，故选B项。‎ ‎3．What do we know about Renee's students?‎ A．They often work late at night.‎ B．They often ask strange questions.‎ C．Few ask her questions face to face.‎ D．Many email her if she feels lonely.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me”可知，Renee的学生很少当面向她请教问题，故选C项。‎ ‎4．In Joseph Grenny's opinion, ________.‎ A．cellphones make people lonelier B．telephones help people communicate clearly C．texting helps people have deeper conversations D．talking should be encouraged instead of texting 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后两段中的“the conversation isn't very deep”和“parents ...put down their own cellphones”以及“they also should set limits”等信息可知，Joseph ‎ Grenny认为父母应该放下手机给孩子做个榜样，多一些面对面的交流而非发短信，故选D项。‎ D I have lived in America's countryside for nine years, first in Michigan, where I was getting my university degree; then in central Illinois; and now in Indiana, where I am a university teacher. There were a few things I enjoyed complaining (抱怨) about in my living area. I'm a vegetarian (素食者), so there's nowhere to go out for a nice dinner without taking a 50mile drive. I'm black, so there's nowhere to get my hair done without another 50mile drive.‎ I repeated these complaints to my parents and my friends. Sometimes it seemed like complaints were the common language in my circle. We all were dissatisfied with something. Back in Illinois, my friends complained about the train to Chicago and how it's never on time; my friends in bigger cities complained about the expensive rent and strange smells on the subway.‎ Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action. We all have great ideas about what life would be like if only we had this, or did that, or lived there. Perhaps complaining helps bridge the large space between these perfect selves and reality.‎ There's also this: I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about. Complaining was helpful on those days when happiness required too much energy. But it also made me lose sight of something. I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive bigcity living can be.‎ Complaining may offer relief, but so does acceptance. There is no perfect place. There is no perfect life. There will always be something to complain about. By focusing on (关注) my complaints, I risked missing out on important moments of happiness. Now, I look up into the night sky and see all the stars. And I know that I have nothing to complain about.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾是一个爱抱怨的人，然而她最终意识到抱怨不会带来任何改变还会使她错过许多美好的时刻。‎ ‎1．What do we know about the author?‎ A．She likes driving in the countryside.‎ B．She is very picky about her hair.‎ C．She is a well educated woman.‎ D．She often goes out for dinner.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was getting my university degree”和“I am a university teacher”可知，作者是一个受过良好教育的人。‎ ‎2．After complaining, the author probably________.‎ A．had a deeper understanding of reality B．tried to make herself more perfect C．got sadder about her situation D．remained unchanged 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action.”和第四段中的“I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about”可推测，作者抱怨过后基本不作出任何改变。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The fact that the author liked the countryside.‎ B．The difference between small and big cities.‎ C．The difficulty in finding happiness.‎ D．The purpose of the author's life.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。画线词something指的是后面的两句“I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive bigcity living can be.”由此可知，作者想表达她所忽略的事情是：她生养于有着大片平原的内布拉斯加，并且一点儿都不羡慕大城市的生活，即：她曾经非常喜爱乡村生活的事实。‎ ‎4．The author writes the text mainly to ________.‎ A．make her complaints B．tell us to stop complaining C．compare different lifestyles D．tell us life is the same anywhere 解析：选B　写作目的题。根据最后一段特别是最后一句“And I know that I have nothing to complain about.”可知，作者写作此文旨在告诉我们应该停止抱怨生活，并且希望我们可以更多地关注生活中的美好。‎ E The news of Harper Lee's second novel broke the Internet. Go Set a Watchman would be published in July. Lee became a recluse (隐士) after the publication of her first book, To Kill a Mockingbird, in 1960. Although the author has been out of the public ‎ eye for more than 50 years, the wave that followed the announcement showed her novel's beloved place in the American literary works.‎ In 1991, The Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had made a difference in their lives. Lee's book followed only The Bible. Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain, To Kill a Mockingbird remains one of the most widely taught books nationwide, reaching an estimated 70% of American public schools. What makes it such a perfect read for young people?‎ English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves. In the folds of dusty books, students can make contact with humanity beyond the superficial (肤浅的) conversations of the school hallways. Literature promises relief, a place to figure out one's problems and get to know oneself better.‎ To Kill a Mockingbird particularly distinguishes itself in this regard. It speaks in a child's voice without treating its readership as children. People have called it an ‘impossible’ achievement, a children's book penned in the prose (散文) of a welleducated adult—it's unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world. But that's exactly what makes it such a charming read for young people. It alludes to (转弯抹角地说到) the consciousness of a welleducated adult going through difficult realities, but shows it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇书评。文章以哈珀·李的第二部小说的问世为引子，介绍了她的代表作《杀死一只知更鸟》。‎ ‎0．In which year might Go Set a Watchman come out?‎ ‎ A．2015. B．1960.‎ ‎ C．1910. D．1991.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三、四句中的“Lee became a recluse (隐士) after the publication of her first book, To Kill a Mockingbird, in 1960. Although the author has been out of the public eye for more than 50 years”可知，哈珀·李在1960年出版了第一本书《杀死一只知更鸟》后便归隐，远离了公众视线五十多年。由此可推测，第二本书《设立守望者》只可能在2015年出版。故选A项。‎ ‎0．Which book leaves the deepest impression on American readers?‎ A．Go Set a Watchman.‎ B．To Kill a Mockingbird.‎ C．The Bible.‎ D．Shakespeare's works.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一、二句“In 1991, ... conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had made a difference in their lives. Lee's book followed only The Bible.”可知，根据这个调查，读者认为《圣经》给他们的生活产生的影响最大，给人们的印象最为深刻，《杀死一只知更鸟》仅次于《圣经》。故选C项。‎ ‎3．Which of the following statements is RIGHT about To Kill a Mockingbird?‎ A．Its author may be a playful child.‎ B．It's a story about a welleducated adult.‎ C．Young people can see themselves from it.‎ D．It's impossible for children like Scout to exist.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“it's unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world”可知，像Scout这样的小孩是不可能存在于现实世界中的。故选D项。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Great Writer: Harper Lee B．The Great Young People Novel C．Voices From Children ‎ D．Differences Harper Lee Made 答案：B　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文是围绕《杀死一只知更鸟》这本书而写的，这是一本受年轻人喜欢的小说。故选B项。‎ F ‎ Among the international students in Canada who are struggling to find a job there after graduation, some of them eventually make it with relative ease. They're the ones who've already built up much internship (实习) experience while still attending university, as their majors offer a cooperative program.‎ ‎ Coop programs, a feature (特色) of Canadian university programs, allow academic studies to be combined with work experience. During school years, students get to network with employers, gain internship experience in relevant fields, and earn academic credits that count toward their degree or diploma.‎ Coop programs are available in most comprehensive universities, like the University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University and York University. These programs are not only open to students majoring in business but also to many science and art majors. Statistics show that nearly 30 percent of recent foreign applicants have chosen majors that also subscribe to the coop program. “It's easy to understand，” said a senior education counselor. He noted that working opportunities are provided by employers that build bridges with the university and most of them are wellknown companies or local government organizations. Moreover, the average salary for interns is as high as C$ 30,000 to C$ 40,000 a year.‎ Students can choose to work during vacations or term times freely. The required duration of the internship for undergraduates ranges from eight to twelve months, or four to six months for graduate students. “The programs also benefit thosestudents who want to apply for immigration，” added the counselor. “That's because the policies of many provinces in Canada require a certain length of work ‎ experience of the applicants.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加拿大大学的合作计划以及该计划的主要特征。‎ ‎1．What's the main characteristic of coop programs?‎ A．They offer a variety of jobs in different fields.‎ B．They make academic credits easier to gain.‎ C．Employers work with students on their studies.‎ D．Students get work experience while at university.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Coop programs, a feature (特色) of Canadian university programs, allow academic studies to be combined with work experience.”可知，合作计划的主要特征是学术研究与工作经验相结合，也就是说学生们在大学期间就能获得工作经验。故答案选D。‎ ‎2．What does the example of foreign applicants indicate?‎ A．Coop programs are becoming more popular.‎ B．The average salary for interns will increase.‎ C．Coop programs are open to all majors.‎ D．Companies welcome foreign students.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Statistics show that nearly 30 percent of recent foreign applicants have chosen majors that also subscribe to the coop program.”以及下文内容可推知，文中给出外国申请人的例子表明该合作计划正变得更受欢迎。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．Which section of a website does the text probably come from?‎ A．Business. B．Education. ‎ C．Lifestyle. D．Culture.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是加拿大大学的合作计划以及该计划的主要特征。该计划与教育有关，故本文可能选自网站的教育版块。故答案选B。‎