【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之五（13页word版） 13页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之五 ‎[一]‎ British English and American English A student is studying British English. He wonders: Can I have a talk with Americans? Can they catch me? Learners of English often ask--what are the differences between British English and American English? How important are these differences?‎ Certainly, there are some differences between British English and American English. There are a few differences in grammar（语法）. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen?” Americans “in the hospital” and “Do you have a pen?” Pronunciation (发音) is sometimes different. Americans usually sound the “r” in words like “car”and “farm”. Some speakers of British English do not sound the “r” in these words. There are differences between British English and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour”and “honour” are British English spellings. “Color” and “honor” are American English spellings.‎ These differences are in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary. However, they are not important. For the most part, British English and American English are the same language.‎ ‎25．In American English, we can say, “ ? ”‎ A. Have you a new book B. Do you have a new book C. Are you have a new book D. Can you to have a new book ‎26．Between British English and American English, sometimes pronunciation is .‎ A. poor B. different C. high D. short ‎27．The main idea of the passage is that .‎ A. there are no differences between British English and American English B. British English and American English are two different languages C. speakers of British English and American English speak the same language D. we shouldn't speak English ‎【解析】社会历史类说明文参考答案：25．B 26．B 27．C 试题分析：这篇文章讲了英式英语和美式英语在语法，发音，拼写和词汇方面有一些区别，但是它们仍然是同一种语言。‎ ‎25．细节题。根据文章Americans “in the hospital” and “Do you have a pen?”可知，美式英语说“Do you have a new book”？你有一本新书吗？故选B ‎26．细节题。根据文章Pronunciation (发音) is sometimes different.可知，美式英语和英式英语有时候发音有些不同。故选B ‎27．主旨题。这篇文章讲了英式英语和美式英语在语法，发音，拼写和词汇方面有一些区别，但是它们仍然是同一种语言。故选C 点评：本文结构非常明了，文意也很好理解，学生在答题中一定要认真细致的作答以求全对。对于说明文的文章，一定要将文章仔细的阅读完并理解，结合题目通过题目的关键词进行定位，分析好句子的意思，即可得出答案。‎ ‎[二] ‎ ‎ Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are little children. Others are teenagers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others learn by themselves. A few learn English over the radio, on TV, or in films. One must work hard to learn another language.‎ ‎ Why do all these people want to learn English? It’s difficult to answer this question . Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects for study. They study their own language, math, English , and so on . Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work and higher studies, because at colleges or universities some of their books are in English . Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.‎ 1. People learn English ________.‎ A. at school B. over the radio C. on TV D. not all in the same ‎ way ‎2. Different people want to learn English ________ 。‎ A. with other subjects B. for different reasons C. for their work D. for higher studies at college ‎3. From this passage we can know that __________.‎ A. we can learn English easily B. English is very difficult to learn C. most people learn English in the world.‎ D. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn it well.‎ ‎4. Which of the following is right?‎ A. We don’t need to learn any foreign languages.‎ B. We can do well in all our work without English.‎ C. English is the most important subject in school.‎ D. We should learn English because we need to face the world.‎ ‎5. Many boys and girls learn English at school because ______ .‎ A. they study their own language and math.‎ B. their books are in English.‎ C. English is one of their subjects.‎ D. they want to read newspapers or magazines in English . ‎ 参考答案：1---5 DBDDC ‎[三] ‎ LastPass Password strength has been a topic about the Internet lately. I have seen lots of clever methods for creating and remembering strong passwords. Some are better than others, but in my opinion, none are enough. Here’s the problem: It doesn’t matter how strong your passwords are if you use the same one on multiple sites. All it takes is for a site to get hacked, like Gawker media, or even Sony did, and now your super-strong password has been stolen, and every site on which you used that password has been accessed. ‎ Enter LastPass. It’s not the only password manager out there, but I like it the best. You create ONE strong password that you have to memorize and use it to access you LastPass database. The LastPass database is stored online, on LastPass’s services. LastPass recognizes the site you’re on and automatically logs you in (after, optionally, asking you to re-enter your master password). LastPass also has automatic form fill and automatic ‎ password generation. This means that you can have a different, unique, very strong password for every site you log into, but you only have to remember one master password. It’s the best of both worlds.‎ One argument against LastPass is that if their database is attacked, then all of your sites are in danger, and that’s true, but if their entire line of work is keeping that information safe, I’m willing to take that chance. The alternative is rolling dice（掷骰子） or picking phrases to create passwords, writing all of them down on a piece of paper or something, and then having to manually type them in when I go to a site. A terrible mess.‎ There is a free version of LastPass, with some additional features unlocked if you pay a $12 a year subscription. ‎ ‎29. The writer thinks using the same password everywhere is ____.‎ A. convenient B. dangerous C. appropriate D. enough ‎30. When using LastPass, users have to remember____.‎ B. the master password only B. the last password ‎ C. unique password each time D. all passwords used 31. Some people are against LastPass because ____.‎ A. they have better ways to create password B. they think rolling dice is more convenient C. Gawker median and LastPass were hacked once D. they have no faith in LastPass database’s safety 32. Joshua Bardwell writes the passage to _____.‎ A. Share his experience B. teach how to use a new product ‎ C. introduce a product of good quality D. advertise his product 参考答案：29-32BADC ‎ ‎[四] ‎ Everglades National Park (大沼泽地国家公园) is located in the state of Florida. It is the largest wilderness in the entire country and makes up 25% of the wetlands in the state. The park is home to several rare and endangered species. It is also the third largest national park in the US, after Death Valley and Yellowstone. Each year, about 1 million tourists visit the park. On a global level, it has been announced as a World Heritage Site. ‎ ‎ Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem (生态系统) from damage. In 1947, President Harry Truman spoke at the official opening of Everglades National Park, saying the goal of creating the park was to protect forever a wild area that could never be replaced. ‎ ‎ 10,000 different islands make up Everglades National Park. Each of these islands is lived by natural wildlife. The Everglades is home to about 15 species that are endangered. In addition, more than 350 bird species and 300 species of fresh and saltwater fish live within the park. The ‎ Everglades is also home to 40 species of mammals and 50 reptile species.‎ There are many ways to explore the Everglades. Visitors can see alligators (短吻鳄) while hiking the Anhinga Trail. The Everglades is one of the only places on Earth where freshwater alligators and saltwater crocodiles live in the same area. Visitors using airboats are likely to see large groups of birds. Some visitors might enjoy riding bicycles through Shark Valley. Others may want to move slowly through waters where they can see insects and wildlife closely. ‎ According to experts, changes to the Everglades are becoming a danger to several different kinds of wildlife. They say it is a result of actions the US government began more than 50 years ago, and settlers began even earlier. ‎ ‎25. In the first paragraph, we’re mainly told that ________.‎ 1. Florida is famous for its wetlands ‎ 2. the US has three important national parks 3. Everglades National Park is of great value 4. Everglades National Park is popular with visitors ‎26. How does the author describe the richness of wildness in the park?‎ A. By listing figures. ‎ B. By personally experiencing.‎ C. By making a comparison.‎ D. By carrying on a study. ‎ ‎27. From the passage, we know that _______.‎ A. in fact Everglades National Park is a big island B. visitors are not allowed to stay in the water in the park.‎ C. President Harry Truman first suggested setting up the park D. the park is among the few places where alligators and crocodiles live together ‎28. What would be further discussed if the passage is continued?‎ A. What the government has done to protect the park.‎ B. How the park’s environment was badly changed.‎ What readers can do to help to save the wetlands.‎ How important endangered wildlife is to the world.‎ 参考答案：25-28 CADB ‎ ‎[五]‎ Many young people in the United States, especially college students, do not go out on either of those traditional dates. Instead , they go out on group dates. In this kind of dating pattern, small groups of young people go out together. All of the people in the group are usually friends, but some of the people in the group may not know each other. No one young man is with any particular girl. They are all together as part of the group. This is very different from the traditional date.‎ A group date differs from a traditional date in several ways. First, there are no special relationships in the group . No particular girl and boy are together all the time. Second, the group date may occur on a weekend, but it may not be planned in advance. A group of young people may decide on Saturday afternoon that they want to spend Saturday evening together. They may all decide to go to a movie, or to some other event. On a group date, no one is paired with anyone else. As a result, every person pays for his or her own expenses. This means that the girls must pay for themselves. They must pay their own admission （入场费）for the movies, for a cup of coffee, or for anything else that costs money during the date.‎ Many young people find the group date to be a great deal of fun.. The young men on a group date are under no pressure. They do not have to be with any particular girl during the evening. They do not have to pay for anyone but themselves. They do not have to be especially polite or formal during the date. Everyone can relax and have a good time. Group dates may lead to serious relationships for some members of the group. Maybe a girl and boy on a group date find that they have a lot in common and enjoy being together. They may spend more time together, with the group, and with each other. But usually, everyone on a group date is just interested in a good time. No one worries about a serious relationship.‎ 1. Which is not true according to group dates?‎ A. No one is with any particular girl. ‎ B. Everyone in the group is usually friends.‎ C. Someone in the group doesn’t know others. ‎ D. They go out in different times.‎ ‎2. A group date is different from a traditional date in the following ways except .‎ ‎ A. No one is paired with anyone else. ‎ B. It may not be planned in advance.‎ ‎ C. There are special relationships in the group. ‎ D. Some boy and some girl are together all the while.‎ ‎3. Which of the following statements is true?‎ ‎ A. The leader of the group pays all the expenses. ‎ B. The boys pay the expenses for the girls.‎ ‎ C. The girls pay the expenses for the boys. ‎ D. The girls pay for themselves.‎ ‎4. All of the following are advantages of the group date except .‎ ‎ A. They do not have to be especially polite or formal. ‎ B. They do not have to be with any particular girl during the evening.‎ C. They do not have to pay for anyone else.‎ D. No one may have serious relationships.‎ ‎5. Which is the best title of the text?‎ ‎ A. Date B. Single Date C. Group Date D. Traditional Date 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D细节理解题。从第一段第三句可以看出D项不正确。‎ ‎2. C细节理解题。从第二段第二句可以看出C项不是集体约会的特点。‎ ‎3. D细节理解题。从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D细节理解题。从第四段第六句可以看出。‎ ‎5. C 题目选择题。全文主要谈的是集体约会的方方面面。‎ ‎[六] ‎ One of the first men’s wear styles to be adopted by women was the trench coat. And of all the items of men’s clothing that women have borrowed for their own wardrobes, it continues to be favorite.‎ Today a trench coat appeals to women of all ages for many reasons. It is functional. A classic military-trimmed raincoat with a removable lining can be worn rain or shine, winter or summer. It is glamorous.‎ It is a no-nonsense coat that makes a woman look ready for business. It is ageless. It can be worn with equal ease and success by a teen-ager and an older woman. And it is timeless—a trench coat can be bought by a college student and still be worn with confidence years later.‎ A trench coat is also international. It looks as much at home in London as it does in Los Angeles. It is the classic all-weather coat of choice for well-known women on both sides of the Atlantic. For instance, when Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis moved to New York, her trench coat and trousers became a familiar sight on New York streets. It is still her uniform today.‎ Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, often photographed in Scotland and at horse shows wearing her Burberry trench coat, appeared to have left it at home on a royal visit last year to the western United States, inopportune as it turned out to be. Instead, she wore a mackintosh and rubber boots as she made light of the California rainstorms by saying, “I knew before we came that we have exported many of our traditions to the United States. But I had not realized that the weather was one of them.”‎ The original trench coat, designed by Thomas Burberry for British troops in World War Ⅰ, was one such export, but it has come a long way from the trenches. Today, one sees women on the streets wearing their trench coats with a man’s hat and wool muffler for raw rainy days. Or, they add a silk shirt and flannel pants for spring walks. Or a cashmere sweater and shawl for winter weather. It’s a look that moves easily from city to country.‎ ‎1. was the first one to design the trench coat.‎ ‎ A. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis B. Katharine Hepburn ‎ C. Elizabeth Ⅱ D. Thomas Burberry ‎2. A trench coat appeals to women of all ages for all of the following reasons except .‎ ‎ A. It is one of the first men’s wear styles to be adopted by women.‎ ‎ B. It can be worn rain or shine, winter or summer.‎ ‎ C. It can be worn with equal ease and success by a teen-ager and an older woman.‎ ‎ D. It looks as much at home in London as it does in Los Angeles.‎ ‎3. The underlined word “mackintosh” in paragraph five has similar meaning with .‎ ‎ A. overcoat B. raincoat C. rainstorm D. sweater ‎4. By saying “But I had not realized that the weather was one of them”, Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ really meant .‎ ‎ A. Britain exported rainy weather to the United States.‎ ‎ B. the California rainstorms was imported from Britain.‎ ‎ C. the rainstorms in California was a piece of cake.‎ ‎ D. the rain in Britain was heavier than that in America.‎ ‎5. In fact, “both sides of the Atlantic” in the fourth paragraph refers to .‎ ‎ A. the coasts of Britain and America. ‎ B. the United Kingdom and the United States ‎ C. the cities along the coasts of Britain and the U.S. ‎ D. London and New York 参考答案：1. D 细节理解题。从最后一段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. A 细节理解题。从第二、三、四段中可以看出B, C, D选项是各年龄段的妇女喜爱风衣的原因。‎ ‎3. B 词义猜测题。根据该句意思可以猜出词义。‎ ‎4. C 句意理解题。该句中的made light of 意为“不把……当回事”。‎ ‎5. B 词义理解题。整篇文章主要谈的是风衣在英、美两个国家流行的情况。‎ ‎[七] ‎ The gestures which mean “OK” to the English don’t mean the same as to the French person. According to the French, only the gesture with a smiling face means this. The other signifies something is “zero” or “worthless”. To a Japanese person this sign means money, while in Sardinia or Greece it is an obscene gesture.‎ Some nationalities use gestures much more than others. Italy, for example, is particularly rich in them. One popular joke tells of two Italians and two Englishmen in a train carriage.‎ The Italians are doing all the talking, and the Englishmen are silent, but when the train passes through a tunnel and there is darkness, the Italians stop speaking and the Englishmen start speaking. This is because the Italians cannot “see” what they are saying, and the Englishmen are too reserved to speak when it is light.‎ One last example will demonstrate how important it is to understand sign language. An Englishman was very attracted to a Spanish lady, but he never had the chance to speak to her. He smiled and nodded and winked at her from a distance, and he thought she liked him, until she made a sign he could only interpret as “ go away”, so he did. Only later did he learn that in Spain the sign she made means “come here”!‎ ‎1. The gestures meaning “OK” to the English .‎ ‎ A. means money to a person in Sardinia. ‎ B. means “zero” to a person in Greece.‎ ‎ C. is an obscene one to a Japanese person. ‎ D. means “worthless” to the French person.‎ ‎2. People in use gestures much more than others.‎ ‎ A. England B. France C. Italy D. Spain ‎3. People in like talking when it is .‎ ‎ A. Italy; dark B. England; light ‎ C. England; dark D. France; light ‎4. The sign which the Spanish lady made means “ ”.‎ ‎ A. I love you B. go away C. good-bye D. come here ‎5. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Gestures About “OK” B. Gesture Language ‎ C. How To Make Gestures D. One Popular Joke 参考答案 ‎1. D 细节理解题。从第一段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 细节理解题。从第二段前两句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. C 细节理解题。从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D 细节理解题。从全文最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. B 题目选择题。全文主要讲的是身势语的方方面面，其余选项偏离了主题。‎ ‎[八] ‎ Every people has its own special words. They are an important part of its living speech.‎ Today we will talk about one of the big little words in the American language. It is a small word. It has only three letters. But it is very large and abroad in its usage. The word is GET.‎ Every one uses it thousands of times a day in an almost equal number of ways. For instance, when we start our day we get up in the morning, usually get washed, then get something to eat, and then get to work. At our work, we sometimes permit ourselves to think about other things. It makes our boss tell us to get our head out of the clouds, and get back to earth. This may make us angry, or, get our goat. And we would like to tell the boss to get out of here or get lost. But we get with it , and get to work. Work, of course, permits us to get money which in turn lets us get away from it all once in a while on a holiday. And we get happy. At different times in our day, we get up, get down, get in, get out, get ahead, get around, get on, get over, get along, get here, get there, get by, and even get away with many things. All this causes us to get tired, and we usually are happy to get to bed and get to sleep.‎ Of course, if we don’t get to work, we will get fired and this gets us into a sad state of affairs. Getting out of trouble may not be easy. But if we really are go-getters(能干而有进取心的人), we can do it, ‎ especially if we get wind of a job which will let us get even.‎ Once you get out from under, you may want to get together with your friends and get out, and celebrate. But, too much celebrations could cause you to get sick. And then you may have to get to a doctor, so he can get you well again. He may tell you that all you need to do is get your chin up off the floor, and you will get through the day. And for this advice, he may get all your money, which could get you in the same position you were in before.‎ At this point, you may think the world is out to get you, and you may say, “I don’t get it. Why can’t I get my share without getting into all this trouble?” But get this. If you have a lot of get-up-and-go(劲头、勇气), you are certain to get the lion share and get all that’s coming to you. So don’t let it get you down. Get yourself together, and you will get through life with little or no trouble.‎ ‎1. What does the underlined part “to get our head out of the clouds” mean in paragraph Ⅲ?‎ ‎ A. to pull our head back from the clouds ‎ B. not to think about impossible things ‎ C. to get some clouds out of the sky ‎ D. to get something from the sky ‎2. The underlined phrase “get our goat” in the third paragraph has similar meaning with “ ”.‎ ‎ A. make us angry B. steal our goat C. buy our goat D. kill our goat ‎3. How many times is the word “get” used in paragraph Ⅲ ?‎ ‎ A. ten times B. twenty times C. thirty times D. forty times ‎4. The underlined expression “get the lion share” in the last paragraph means “ ”.‎ ‎ A. get a lion B. get the most part C. get a share of lion D. share a lion ‎5. The best title of the passage may be .‎ ‎ A. A Large Word B. A Small Word C. Phrases of Get D. Get ‎1. B 词义猜测题。该短语意为“不要想入非非”，从上下文中可以推断出。‎ ‎2. A 词义猜测题。从or一词上可以看出，该短语与make us angry同义。‎ ‎3. C 细节理解题。数一数就知道。‎ ‎4. B 词义猜测题。该短语意为“得到最大的份额”，根据上下文可以推断出，其余选项均与文章无关。‎ ‎5. D 题目选择题。全文主要是围绕一个get铺展开去，故D为最佳选项。‎ ‎[九] ‎ ‎ In recent years, the number of foreign guests increased rapidly. More and more hotels have western-style food services. At the same time, more and more Chinese people have accustomed to the hobby of eating ‎ western-style food.‎ When eating western-style food, you can talk with others freely and lightly. But, when you talk with others, don't chew the food in your mouth. Generally speaking, clean your lips with napkins before talking or drinking.‎ When eating western-style food, you can not hold the plate when eating; can not stab the food while eating the large piece of food. You should cut the food into small pieces and then put them into your mouth.‎ When eating western-style food, the way of eating is similar to the way of eating Cantonese food. That is—drink soup first and then eat the dishes. When drinking the soup, and hold the spoon with right hand, the spoon should face the outer side to ladle out the soup, and then put it into the mouth. Don't make any sound while drinking the soup.‎ When eating western-style food, the bones and thorns should not be put into the mouth when you meet the dishes which have them. The food which already eaten into the mouth can not be spit out. So you should know the food you eat when eating western-style food. For the food which you are not so sure or the food which you don't like, then you'd better not put them into your mouth.‎ When eating western-style food, if you leave the table without finishing the dinner, you should put the knife and fork crossed beside the plate, let the edge of the knife faces inside. If you have finished your meal, you should put the knife and fork side by side to show that the plate can be removed.‎ ‎1. The reason why more and more western-style food is served in hotels might be that .‎ ‎ A. western-style food is less expensive ‎ B. western-style food looks fine.‎ ‎ C. an increasing number of foreigners come to China lately ‎ ‎ D. eating western-style food is so cool.‎ ‎2. When you want to talk or drink, you’d better first.‎ ‎ A. say “excuse me.” B. put up your hand ‎ C. stand up D. wipe your lips ‎3. When the soup and the dishes are served, you should .‎ ‎ A. eat the dishes first and then drink the soup. ‎ B. drink the soup before eating the dishes.‎ ‎ C. eat the dishes while drinking the soup. ‎ D. drink the soup and eat the dishes at the same time.‎ ‎4. Which of the following is NOT proper?‎ ‎ A. You should not put the bones and thorns into your mouth.‎ ‎ B. You should not spit out the food.‎ ‎ C. You should hold the spoon with your left hand.‎ ‎ D. You should not put into your mouth the food you are not sure.‎ ‎5. Seeing the knife and fork crossed beside the plate, the waiter .‎ ‎ A. won’t remove the plate. B. will remove the plate ‎ C. will ask you if you’ve finished your meal D. doesn’t know what to do.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 细节理解题。从第一段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. D 细节理解题。从第二段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B 细节理解题。从第四段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. C 细节理解题。从第四段第三句中可知C项错误。‎ ‎5. A 细节理解题。从最后一段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎[十] ‎ Making Plastic on Your Own Plastics are the wonder of our age. Strange to say, scientists make plastic from perhaps the most gruesome(可怕的)muck（垃圾）you could imagine—plants that died two hundred million years ago and have been rotting underground ever since. This foul(污秽的)，stinking(臭的)brew(酿造物)is called oil.‎ The chemical magic that turns oil into a Barbie doll is complex and clever. Luckily, you can do something similar on the stove in your kitchen without having to drill for oil in the back-garden.‎ These are what you need for making your plastics:‎ ◎ Milk ◎ Vinegar ◎ Saucepan ◎ Stove plus a grown-up ◎ Old handkerchief Now let’s get started. Get the grown-up to warm a cupful of milk, then add a quarter of a cupful of milk, then add a quarter of a cupful of vinegar. The mixture will separate into a thick white material—plastic and a more watery solution(=liquid).‎ Pour it through the handkerchief, then wash under cold water and strain(拉)and squeeze(挤压)it to get the white mixture material into a ball. Within two hours it will dry rock solid. That’s the plastic you make.‎ Without heating the milk, the reaction wouldn’t happen.‎ If you want to know the ins and outs of the business, you can ask your chemical teacher and he/she will tell you what actually happened.‎ ‎1. Plastic is made from .‎ ‎ A. animals B. plants C. stone D. A and B ‎2. You can turn oil into a Barbie doll .‎ ‎ A. in the factory B. in the back-garden C. in your kitchen D. at your school ‎3. You may take steps in plastic-making.‎ ‎ A. two B. five C. eight D. ten ‎4. The most important step in plastic-making is perhaps .‎ ‎ A. drill for oil B. building a kitchen ‎ C. washing under cold water D. heating the milk ‎5. The underlined part “ins and outs of the business” in the last paragraph has similar meaning with .‎ ‎ A. course B. causes C. results D. insides and outsides 参考答案：‎ ‎1. B. 细节理解题。从第一段中的plants that died two hundred million years ago可以判断出答案。‎ ‎2. C. 细节理解题。从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B. 细节理解题。文中介绍自制塑料的步骤①加热牛奶；②添醋；③在手帕里过滤；④用冷水冲；⑤挤压；‎ ‎4. D. 细节理解题。从文章的倒数第二段可以看出：如果不加热牛奶，这种反应就不会发生。‎ ‎5. A. 词义猜测题。Ins and outs of the business是一句美国俚语，意为：事情的来龙去脉，也就是指反应的过程。‎