山西灵丘县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解圈练题 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 山西灵丘县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解圈练题 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 GET YOUR DEGREE AT HOME! Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career(事业)? It means a lot of Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma(毕业证). Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today’s growing fields-without having to go to college full time. With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time-so you don’t have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking ＆Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more! Your training includes everything you need! 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Then write in the name and number of the one program you’re most interested in, and mail it today. We’ll rush your free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities(机会) in the field you’ve chosen. Act today! 1. This advertisement aims at calling on people to ________. A. attend full-time universities B. work part time to further their education C. improve their education at home to get better jobs D. earn their degrees in different ways that suit them 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 2. Which of the following is NOT clearly mentioned in this advertisement? A. The way how you will get your degree. B. Tuition price. C. The hot fields you will be preparing yourself for. D. The length of time it will take you to get a degree. 3. What does the writer of this ad intend to say by naming General Electric, IBM, Ford, etc.? A. To show that their training is widely used in the country. B. To show that the training program is fully supported by famous companies in the U. S. C. To prove the value of their training in every area. D. To show the importance of getting recognized by the most famous companies. 4. It seems to the writer that the greatest attraction for people to take their training is______. A. its convenience B. the degree’s nation-wide recognition C. the economic benefit(利益) it will bring about D. the hot fields the training will help people to enter 5. How many ways are mentioned in the ad for people to get in touch with the Harcourt Learning Direct? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 文章是一则业余培训班的招生广告。 1. C。推理判断题。根据 With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time so you don’t have to give up your present job while you train for a better one(你可以在家，业余时间接受培训…) 可知答案选 C。 2. B。事实细节题。文章中提到…in the low tuition price you pay，但没说具体多少学费，故答案选 B。 3. C。推理判断题。从 Your education is nationally recognized 和 If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employees in your area will, too!可知答案 C 正 确。 4. C。推理判断题。从 Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own 可 推知答案 C 正确。 5. D。事实细节题。文章共提到四种联系方式：(1)sending today for FREE information (2)fill the coupon (3)mail coupon (4)call，即答案选 D。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain－sensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，” he said. The Lampbrella is a standard－looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built－in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 66. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella? A. To predict a heavy rain. B. To check the weather forecast. C. To protect people from the rain. D. To remind people to take an umbrella. 67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2? A. His creation was inspired by an experience. B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 C. Street lamps are protected by canopies. D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain. 68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works? A. motor→canopy→sensors B. sensors→motor→canopy C. motor→sensors→canopy D. canopy→motor→sensors 69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella? A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance. C. Its installation. D. Its safety. 70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The designer will open a company to promote his product. B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production. C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical. D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow. 【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍设计师 Mikhail Belyaev 设计的 Lampbrella，它能给街 道上的人们遮雨。虽然这一设计还没有实施，但是 Mikhail Belyaev 却对自己的设计很自信。 66．C 考查细节理解。从第一段的“But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella…”可知 Mikhail Belyaev 设计 Lampbrella 是为了给街道上的人们遮雨的。 67．A 考查推理判断。从 Mikhail Belyaev 说的话“I was driving…and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的创意灵感来自他的一次生活体验。故选 A。 68．B 考查细节理解。从第三段的内容可找到答案，Lampbrella 工作的过程是先通过传感器(sensors)， 传到发动机(motor)，再到伞篷(canopy)打开。故选 B。 69．D 考查主旨大意。从本段的“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”和“Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可知该 段是讲 Lampbrella 的安全性。 70．C 考查推理判断。从本段 Mikhail Belyaev 说的话看出他对自己的设计很自信。故选 C。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 阅读理解 Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment. Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped （倾倒的）harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area. Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health. Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce. Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods. 1. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. The effect of every chemical. B. Problems of harmful waste. C. Chemicals used for industrial processes. D. Events related to waste chemicals. 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为主旨大意题。文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的 问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。在第一段的首句 “Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。故答案为 B。 2. From the text we know that . 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 A. chromium can poison people when there is a wind B. chromium pollution makes the local government close the school C. some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste D. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment 答案解析：答案为 C。本题为细节推理题。从第二段的第三句话 “In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）.” 可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬之中，生命受到了威胁，故答案为 C “ 直到人 们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。B 选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；C 选项 真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。故选 C。 从第二段的最后一句话 “It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，铬威胁着人的生命是由于 “dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故 A 选项错误。D 选项与文章最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。 3. Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to? A. Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned. B. People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste. C. Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste. D. People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste. 答案解析：答案为 A。本题考查作者的观点态度。解答此题需看清题意 “哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案 最不匹配?” 从文章的最后一段最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，B 选项正确；从最后一段 “They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的态度是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾 的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。故 C、D 是正确的， A 选项与作者的态度最不匹配。 4. The writer of the text thinks that . A. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals B. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 C. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much D. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals 答案解析：答案为 D。本题考查作者的观点态度。结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物 的生产，而不是 A 选项的禁止，也不是 C 选项的不允许生产，故 A、C 不正确；B 选项在文章中未提及，always 一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。只有 D 选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。 故答案为 D。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 [2013·模拟题] Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear. Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation. Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.” The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.” To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. “We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said. “We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders， and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 47．What is the finding of the study? A. One's heart affects how he feels fear. B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat. C. Fear has something to do with one's health. D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. 48．The study was carried out by analyzing ________. A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication 49．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6? A. Order. B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment. 50．This study may contribute to ________． A. treating anxiety and stress better B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人的恐惧与心脏和大脑的关系。 47．A 细节理解题。根据第四段 “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.” 可知一个人的心脏影响一个人的恐惧程度。故选 A。 48．C 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.”以及第五段“To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.”可知选 C。 49．B 词义猜测题。根据第六段“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear”可知，我们已经发现了一 个重要的机制，使心脏和大脑“对话”，以此来改变我们的感情和减少恐惧。故选 B。 50．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“…we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 推出选 A。