高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld教师用书新人教版必修3 11页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 1 Festivals around the world Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．remind vt. 提醒；使想起 2．gain vt. 获得；得到 3．award n. 奖；奖品 vt. 授予；判定 4．celebrate v. 庆祝；祝贺 →celebration n. 庆祝；祝贺 5．religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 →religious adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 6．belief n. 信任；信心；信仰 →believe vt. 相信 7．independent adj. 独立的；自主的 →independence n. 独立；自主 8．admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕 →admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕 9．permit vt.&vi. 允许；许可；准许 →permission n. 许可；允许 10．apology n. 道歉 →apologize vi. 道歉；辩白 11．forgive vt. 原谅；饶恕 →forgiveness n. 宽恕；原谅 12．sad adj. 悲伤的 →sadness n. 悲哀；悲伤 13．energy n. 能量；能力 →energetic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 14．starve vi.&vt. (使)饿死；饿得要死 15．wipe vt. 擦；揩；擦去 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 16．custom n. 习惯；风俗 17．trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门 vt. 欺骗；诈骗 18．gather vt.&vi. 搜集；集合；聚集 19．obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的 高频短语——会默写 1．take place 发生 2．dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 3．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 4．as though/if 好像 5．keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言 6．set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 7．in memory of 纪念；追念 8．play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 9．day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天 10．have fun with 玩得开心 11．turn up 出现；到场 12．hold one's breath 屏息；屏气 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find， especially during the cold winter months. (be＋adj.＋to do sth. 句式) 1.那十一个人很难被说服，但最终我还是说 服了他们。 Those eleven men were very difficult to persuade，but I managed it in the end. 2.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... (It is/was obvious that...“很明 显……”，it 为形式主语) 2.显而易见，智能手机在日常生活中起着重 要的作用。 It is obvious that smartphones play an important role in our daily life. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 3.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors， who might return either to help or to do harm.(either...or...或者……或 者……) 3.课外活动时，我通常要么去“英语角”， 要么去体育馆。 I often go to either the English Corner or the gym after class. 4.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(while 引导时间状语从句) 4.趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获 得更多的知识。 We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young. 精讲 5 个考纲单词 admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏 [教材原句] China and Japan have midautumn festivals，when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国， 人们还品尝月饼。 (1)admire sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事羡慕某人 (2)admiration n. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕 express admiration for sb./sth. (表示)羡慕/钦佩某人/物 (3)admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的 ①Many people around the world admire China for its great contributions to the world peace.世界各地的许多人钦佩中国对世界和平所做的巨大贡献。 ②I'd like to express my admiration(admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the wounded. 我对伤员们勇敢和毫无怨言的精神表示钦佩。 ③She was used to receiving admiring(admire) glances from others. 她习惯了别人给予的赞赏的目光。 apologize vi.道歉；辩白 [高考佳句] Later that morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing.(2015 年北京高考·完形填空) 随后的那天 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 早上，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，对他们(深夜)弹奏(钢琴)表示道歉。 (1)apologize to sb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb.that... 向某人道歉…… (2)make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉 ①The headmaster demanded that you should apologize to her for your rudeness immediately. 校长要求你立刻为你的鲁莽向她道歉。 ②I should make an apology for being unable to go to the book store with you on Friday afternoon.(2016 年全国丙卷·书面表达)我应该为星期五下午不能与你一起去 书店向你道歉。 [链接写作] 句式升级 老师建议她为自己不得体的行为向她的同桌道歉。 ①The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologize to her deskmate for her bad behaviour．(apologize) 【导学号：30892059】 ②The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behaviour．(apology) remind vt.提醒；使想起 [高考佳句] Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.(2016 年全国丙卷·语法填空)孔子认为刀子会让人想 到杀戮，在餐桌上使用太暴力。 (1)remind sb.of sth./sb. 提醒某人某事/想起某人 remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind(sb.)that/how/what... 提醒(某人)…… (2)reminder n. 起提醒作用的东西 ①After getting the work done，we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees.做完所有的工作后，我们竖起了布告牌提醒人们保护这些树。 ②This photo album serves as a reminder(remind)of the most important moment of my life.(2014 年重庆高考·写作) 这个影集起到提醒我生活中最重要的时刻的作用。 [联想发散] 熟记下面“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”短语 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 ①cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病 ②accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事 ③cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物 ④inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 ⑤convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 ⑥rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 gain vt.获得；得到 n. 获利，利益 [高考佳句] If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016 年全国甲卷·短文改错) 如果我们到国外旅行，我们可以拓宽视野，获得从书本上得不到的知识。 (1)gain weight 增加体重 gain sth.from/by... 从……中获益 gain other's respect/love/trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任 (2)No pains，no gains. 不劳无获。 ①During the Spring Festival，she gained much weight，which made her very upset. 春节期间，她体重增加很多，这使她很伤心。 ②She hopes to gain experience by/from working abroad for a year. 她希望能通过在国外工作一年来获得经验。 ③You can gain others' respect if you can apologize frankly. 如果你坦诚地道歉，你会赢得别人的尊重。 forgive vt.原谅；饶恕；宽恕；免除(债务) [经典例句] Young couples should try to understand each other's point of view， give in to each other and forgive each other. 年轻夫妇应该努力去理解彼此的观点，为彼此做出让步并原谅彼此。 (1)forgive sb.for(doing)sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive sb.sth. 原谅某人某事 (2)forgive and forget 不计前嫌 ①It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.(江苏高考·书面表达)不计前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此 激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中。 ②Forgive me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 请原谅我耽搁了你这么长时间，请接受我极其诚恳地祝你健康和幸福。 【导学号：30892060】 诠释 3 个核心短语 look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 [经典例句] Thanks for your kind consideration and I am looking forward to receiving your earliest reply.谢谢您的关心，盼望早日收到您的回复。 含介词 to 的常用动词短语还有： be used to 习惯于 stick to 坚持 lead to 导致 object to 反对 refer to 提及；查阅；参考 contribute to 促成；是……的成因之一 get down to 开始认真做…… ①The moment he arrived home，he got down to solving (solve) the problem. 他一到家就开始着手解决这个问题。 ②As a matter of fact, he objects to being treated (treat) like a child. 事实上，他反对把他当作孩子。 turn up 出现；露面；被找到；开大(音量)；向上翻 [一词多义] 写出下列句子中 turn up 的含义 ①Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.出 现 ②I can't hear the music.Please turn up the radio. 开大(音量) ③He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind. 向上翻 turn down 拒绝；关小，调低 turn in 上交；拐入 turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；制造 turn over 翻身；移交；转变 turn off 关掉 turn to sb.(for help) 转向某人(求助) ④The hall was full，and hundreds of fans had to be turned down. 大厅内挤满了人，数百名粉丝不得不被拒之门外。 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 [高考佳句] Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(安徽高考·单项填 空)依照惯例，为激励自己，大学生在踏上人生旅程之前会举行一场毕业典礼。 set aside 保留；储蓄；忽视；不顾 set about 着手/开始做……(后接名词、动名词) set out 出发；开始做……(后接动词不定式) set down 放下；记下 set up 建立；树立；搭起 ①The Voice of China has set up a stage where some people can achieve their dreams. 《中国好声音》搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现他们的梦想。 ②He set out to paint(paint) the whole house but finished only the front. →He set about painting(paint) the whole house but finished only the front. 他着手粉刷整间房子，但仅仅完成了前面。 ③He tried to set aside a few minutes each day for his exercise. 他每天尽量抽出几分钟时间来锻炼。 突破 2 个高考句型 (教材 P7)It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... 很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开…… 在 It was obvious that...句型中，it 作形式主语，指代后面 that 引导的主语从句。 (1)句型 It is/was obvious that 可用 obviously 作评注性状语来替换。 (2)在句型“It is/was strange/natural/important/necessary/essential...＋that 从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省 略。 ①It is obvious that without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today. 很明显，如果没有全社会的帮助就不会有今天的新学校。 ②Obviously(obvious)，we don't want to spend too much money. 很明显，我们不想花太多的钱。 【导学号：30892061】 ③It is important that you (should) hand (hand)in your article before 28th， June.(2015 年全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)重要的是 6 月 28 号之前交上你的文章。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 (教材 P7)While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. 她在人间的时候遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。 while 在句中作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。 while 作连词时的主要用法： (1)“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句。 (3)“但是；可是”，表示对比，引导并列句。 ①She was cooking(cook)while she was keeping an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle. 她一边做饭，一边留意睡在摇篮里的婴儿。 ②While travel can broaden your mind，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。 ③Most of my classmates wanted to go to a parkwhile I had an idea of going to a nicer place.(2015 年浙江高考·书面表达) 我的大部分同学都想去公园，然而我想去一个更好的地方。 [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————— 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Only the timely (arrive) of the police prevented the situation from becoming worse. 2．(2017·咸阳模拟)I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more (energy)． 3．(2017·昆明模拟)Today's homework was easy (do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 4．The Nobel Prize (award)to those who make great contributions in many fields every year. 5．Just as the old saying goes，“No pains，no (gain)．” 6．Victor (apologise)to me for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. 【 答 案 】 1.arrival 2.energetic 3.to do 4.is awarded 5.gains 6.apologised Ⅱ.单句改错 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 1．I'm looking forward to see you this summer vacation. 2．It is known to us all is that the old scientist，for whom life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his eighties. 3．For another，they can enrich my life and provide me with a great fun. 4．Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting that is due on Thursday. 5．She tricked me on paying for her meal at the restaurant. 【答案】 1.see→seeing 2.It→What 3.去掉 a 4.are→is 5.on→into 重难考点多维练 1．remind 多“提醒” (1)单句语法填空 ① (remind) not to miss the flight to Paris, he set out for the airport in a hurry. ②You must remind him (take) his medicine, in case he forgets. ③Passengers (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train. ④This reminds me what we did together during our holiday. 【导学号：30892062】 (2)完成句子 ⑤我赞同苏珊的观点，她的文章使我想起一份最好的礼物——一支钢笔，我的父亲—— 一名工人，送我的。 I agree with Susan, whose article ，a pen，given by my father，who was a worker. 【答案】 ①Reminded ②to take ③are reminded ④of ⑤reminds me of my best gift 2．“It＋be＋adj.＋that...”面面观 (1)单句语法填空 ① is obvious that he knew nothing about repairing cars. ②It is natural that you (feel) homesick when you first leave home. ③It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 (2)一句多译 事实是每个人都会有事情似乎都不顺的一段时期。 ④ everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong.(表语从句) ⑤ everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong.(用 it 作形式主语) ⑥ ，everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong.(用副词作评注性状语) 【导学号：30892063】 【答案】 ①It ②(should) feel ③what ④What is true is that ⑤It is true that ⑥Truly Ⅰ.课文语法填空 根据 P1－2 课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are all kinds of festivals and celebrations around the world ， 1. are held for different reasons.Most ancient festivals were 2. (main) held to celebrate the end of cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Today's festivals have many origins.Some festivals are held to honour the dead 3. to satisfy the ancestors in case they might do harm，4. other festivals are held 5. (honour) famous people，such as the Dragon Boat Festival and Columbus Day.Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are happy 6. (event) because the food 7. (gather)for the winter and a season of 8. (agriculture) work is over，to which midautumn festivals belong. And the most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the 9. (come)of spring，such as the Spring Festival in China，10. which people like to get together to eat，drink and have fun with each other. 【 答 案 】 1.which 2.mainly 3.or 4.while 5.to honour 6.events 7.is gathered 8.agricultural 9.coming 10.at Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。 1．春节总是让我们想到家庭团聚。(remind) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 2．在春节有各种各样的活动。孩子们特别盼望春节。(look forward to) 3．对成年人来说，这也是一段美好的时光。他们相互表达感激、原谅或宽恕之情。 (appreciation；apology；forgive) 4．然而，很遗憾的是有些人由于各种原因，不能出现在这个重大的节日里。(It is a pity that...；turn up) 【参考范文】 The Spring Festival always reminds us of the family reunion，when there are all kinds of activities，as a result，children especially look forward to it.It's also a good time for adults when they can express appreciation，make an apology or forgive each other.However，it is a pity that some people can't turn up at such a great festival for a variety of reasons.