【英语】2020届人教版高考英语大一轮复习专用练习：必修4Unit2课下作业（一_三） 9页

必修4 Unit 2 课下作业（一~三）‎ 课下作业（一） 考点过关针对练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to reduce (减少) air pollution.‎ ‎2．His recent discoveries (发现) have added to his reputation in the field of science.‎ ‎3．We should equip (配备) our students with wide knowledge so that they can do more for the country when they grow up.‎ ‎4．The teachers often make comments (评论) on my performance.‎ ‎5．I always confuse (使混淆) you and your sister — you look so alike.‎ ‎6．Due to the rapid development of economy, the population of our city is expanding (扩大) rapidly.‎ ‎7．With all his attention focused (关注) on his career, he has no time to attend his old parents.‎ ‎8．It is known that a chemical (化学的) change will take place when a candle is burned.‎ ‎9．The past decade (十年) has seen a huge rise in the number of computer owners.‎ ‎10．The scientist has been trying to increase the output (产量) of rice to meet people's demands.‎ Ⅱ.语境语法填空 ‎1．That small farm ❶has_been_expanded (expand) into a modern and big farm in the past decade.Grain and vegetables grown without using chemicals ❷are_exported (export) into many countries.Now farm workers ❸are_struggling (struggle) hard to increase the output so as to satisfy the ever rising demand.But they have had their workload ❹reduced (reduce) by 50% since the farm ❺was_equipped (equip) with advanced machines years ago.‎ ‎2．In order to rid himself ❶of poverty, Wang Wei borrowed money from the bank and started his own business, ❷on which he focused all his energy.Thanks ❸to his efforts, his business has turned out to be very good and his wealth is beginning to build ❹up.His fellow villagers have a hunger ❺for a position in his factory.He thinks that it is his duty to keep them free ❻from poverty.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译/句式升级/补全句子 ‎1．他们宁愿尝试后不成功也不愿放弃这个计划。‎ ‎①They_would_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(would do ...rather than do ...)‎ ‎②They_prefer_to_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(prefer to do ...rather ‎ than do ...)‎ ‎③They_would_rather_try_and_fail_than_give_up_the_plan.(would rather do ...than do ...)‎ ‎2．很多人去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。‎ ‎①Many people moved to New York, which_made_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(定语从句)‎ ‎②Many people moved to New York, making_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(分词作状语)‎ ‎3．We should study hard while we are young.If we don't study hard, we will regret sooner or later.(用省略形式升级句子)‎ ‎→We should study hard while we are young.If_not,_we will regret sooner or later.‎ ‎4．我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。(regret)‎ We regret_to_inform_you_that your application has not been successful.‎ Ⅳ.语境辨义 根据语境选出hunger的词性和词义 ‎1．The child was weak from hunger and almost fell.__A__‎ ‎2．As is known to us, the whole world hungers for peace.__C__‎ ‎3．Nothing seems to satisfy his hunger for knowledge.__B__‎ 课下作业（二） 话题阅读培优练 Ⅰ.根据提示填空 Tuan was a farmer.For decades, he ❶had_been_struggling (struggle) to rid his family of hunger.However, it always confused him ❷how_to_increase_the_output (如何增加产量) of his crops.This ❸disturbing (disturb) problem led to his regretting being a farmer.He would rather ❹have_chosen (choose) another job.‎ One day, when ❺skimming (skim) through a newspaper, Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping.He underlined Yuan's ❻nationality (nation) and occupation, and then focused on his discovery and the statistics of his research.He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very ❼practical (practice)．Therefore, he made a summary and began to ❽build_up_a_new_farming_method (开发新的耕作方法)．He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped ❾himself (him) to keep his crops roots free from bacteria and pests.He also enriched minerals in the soil while reducing chemical fertilizers. ❿Thanks (thank) to Yuan Longping, he not only won the battle against hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.‎ Ⅱ.片段选词填空 condition， practical， discover， do research into， instruction， go against， remove， experiment ‎ Farming and Gardening Agriculture has a long history in China.Much of the wisdom ❶discovered by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.One of China's early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD.He spent his time ❷doing_research_into agriculture.He collected information, studied it, did ❸experiments and learnt from the experience of farmers.‎ Around 540 AD, he wrote a book called Qi Min Yao Shu.The book is about both farming and gardening.There are also ❹instructions for making wine.Jia Sixie's book is a ❺practical guide for farming.Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.If you sow seeds and grow young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and the results will be better.But if you ❻go_against nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.The ❼condition of the soil is also very important.Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and ❽remove weeds.The best harvest is reached when farmers change the crops in their fields.‎ 课下作业（三） 高考语篇提能练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·湖北八校联考)Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus firsthand accounts by those with access to them.‎ Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013)‎ Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher.Moore's account is different.He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause.The final volume will include her fall from power.‎ Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992)‎ Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992.The absence heightened a sense of mystery.Who was he? How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics? Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilson's final phase as prime minister in 1974.‎ Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001)‎ Jenkins writes as a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill's historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons.Jenkins had resigned ‎ from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did.‎ Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014)‎ Campbell calmly narrates many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins' intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford.Campbell also addresses Jenkins' various affairs with women.Like Jenkins' political heroes, he led many lives.Campbell is sharp in describing each of them.‎ Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell(2017)‎ Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.This is an incredibly detailed book on what it's like to live inside No.10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了五本有关改变历史的世界伟人的传记，书的作者是掌握这一伟人的第一手资料者。文章具体介绍了作者姓名、出版时间、书的内容等。‎ ‎1．Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about him/her?‎ A．Harold Wilson. B．Churchill.‎ C．Margaret Thatcher. D．Tony Blair.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher.”可知，在摩尔出版他的第一本传记之前，已经有很多关于撒切尔夫人的书了；其他三本书的介绍中都没有提及曾经有专门介绍该政治家的书出版。据此可知，在介绍的四个政治领导人中，写撒切尔夫人的书最多，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．Which writer was once a politician?‎ A．Ben Pimlott. B．Charles Moore.‎ C．John Campbell. D．Roy Jenkins.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Jenkins writes as a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill's historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons.”可知，詹金斯是一位政治家，也是一位历史学家。故D项正确。其他作者都没有被提及曾经是政治家。‎ ‎3．What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce some histories on elections.‎ B．To recommend some books on leaders.‎ C．To tell some mysteries about historians.‎ D．To think highly of some famous leaders.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了五本有关改变历史的世界伟人的传记，书的作者是掌握这一伟人的第一手资料者，文章具体介绍了作者姓名、出版时间、书的内容等。据此可知，本文旨在推荐一些关于政治领导人的书籍，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2019·成都诊断)Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables.But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture.While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.‎ Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones.To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs.Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.‎ It's true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming.But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex.Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre.However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms.While there isn't a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.‎ In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, there's not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health.The same is true for the pesticide remainder.In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.‎ Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so.Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity.The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.‎ But if you can't afford to buy organic produce, don't stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Drawbacks.‎ C．Benefits. D．Differences.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.”可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B项意为“缺点”，故B项正确。‎ ‎5．Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?‎ A．The yield. B．The price.‎ C．The water loss. D．The labor.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex”可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；且根据第三段的其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A项意为“产量”，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?‎ A．Farmers' work environment should be improved.‎ B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently.‎ C．It isn't wise for consumers to buy organic products.‎ D．The pesticide remainder do no harm to people's health.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低19%至25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故B项正确。倒数第二段的最后一句亦是提示。‎ ‎7．In the author's opinion, why should we support organic produce?‎ A．It's environmentally friendly.‎ B．It's more nutritious.‎ C．It helps keep the variety of plants.‎ D．It's safer for consumers.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity.”可知，有机农场为工人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer. In 1972, at the age of six, with his father's help, he __1__ Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe. Twentyfour years later, he stood on the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest. His journey to the __2__ shows just how independent, persistent (坚持的), and determined this __3__ man is.‎ Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles and arrived at the foothills of Mount Everest. Traveling by bike was not __4__. He stopped many times to __5__ his bike because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him.‎ Kropp __6__ to climb Mount Everest the same way he traveled to the mountain: without the __7__ of a guide and without modern conveniences. He did not __8___ bottled oxygen to help him __9__ at high altitudes, and he carried all of his __10__ himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.‎ It took Kropp __11__ tries to reach the top of Mount Everest. The first time, he had to __12__ only 350 feet from the top because of the dangerous weather. Just a few days earlier, at the same level eight climbers had died because of a sudden snowstorm in the mountain. He felt deep sorrow for them, but became more __13__. The mountaineer waited out the storm, __14__， and tried again a few days later. This time, he was __15__. After he walked down the mountain, he got back on his bike and rode the 8,000 miles back to Sweden.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家Göran Kropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8 000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上了山顶。‎ ‎1．A.heard of　　　　　　　 B．dreamed of C．saw D．climbed 解析：选D　根据上文“Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer.”可知，Göran Kropp是瑞典探险家和登山者；再结合该句语境可推知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．A.top B．country C．area D．valley 解析：选A　根据空前一句可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．A.outstanding B．generous C．modest D．honest 解析：选A　上文提到他登上了世界最高峰，故可推知他是一个杰出的人。outstanding意为“杰出的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．A.boring B．easy C．tiring D．busy 解析：选B　根据常识和下文中的“He stopped many times to ___5__ his bike ...”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰山脚下是不容易的。故B项正确。‎ ‎5．A.lock B．ride C．repair D．find 解析：选C　根据下文中的“because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理(repair)自行车。故C项正确。‎ ‎6．A.chose B．refused C．agreed D．hated 解析：选A　根据下文中的“without the ______ of others and without modern conveniences”可知，Kropp选择了他到山脚下的同样的方式去攀登山峰，即没有向导以及现代设备的帮助(assistance)。故A项正确。‎ ‎7．A.presence B．approval C．assistance D．knowledge 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎8．A.gather B．order C．share D．bring 解析：选D　根据语境可知，他没有带(bring)氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸(breathe)。故D项正确。‎ ‎9．A.breathe B．walk C．live D．stay 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎10．A.medicines B．food C．clothes D．equipment 解析：选D　根据该句中的“he carried all of ... in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备(equipment)，总重大概140磅。故D项正确。‎ ‎11．A.two B．three C．many D．several 解析：选A　根据下文中的“The first time”以及该段倒数第三句中的“and tried again a few days later”可知，Kropp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰。故A项正确。‎ ‎12．A.go on B．get up C．set out D．turn back 解析：选D　根据该句中的“because of the dangerous weather”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”‎ ‎，故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。‎ ‎13．A.astonished B．determined C．satisfied D．discouraged 解析：选B　根据上文内容以及下文中的“tried again a few days later”可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。故B项正确。‎ ‎14．A.hid B．stopped C．survived D．rested 解析：选D　根据该句语境可知，这位登山者等暴风雪过去，休息数天，之后再次开始登山。故D项正确。‎ ‎15．A.thoughtful B．successful C．doubtful D．meaningful 解析：选B　根据下文中的“After he walked down the mountain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。故B项正确。‎