四川省成都石室中学2020-2021学年高三12月一诊英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析 31页

成都石室中学 2020—2021 学年度上期高 2021 届“一诊模 拟”考试 英语试卷 满分 150 分 考试时间：120 分钟 第 I 卷 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟 的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15. 答案是 C。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Who wants to borrow a camera? A. Mary. B. Jane. C. Alice. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, could you lend me the digital camera, David? M: Hi, Alice. I’d like to, but it belongs to Jane. W: Well, in that case, I’ll borrow one from Mary. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man doing? A. Attending an appointment. B. Discussing a person. C. Applying for a position. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Good afternoon. I’m Robert Anderson. Mrs. Brown agreed to meet me here, and talk about some details of our cooperation. Is she in? W: Yes, she is. She’s been waiting for you in the office. Please come in. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the two speakers talking? A. In a shop. B. In a bank. C. In a cinema. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Good morning. May I help you, sir? M: Yes. Could I change these pounds for dollars, please? W: Do you want small bills or large ones? M: Both will do. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How long did Eric stay abroad in all? A. 9 days. B. 11 days. C. 16 days. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Eric, could you tell me something about your trip to Europe? M: Sure. We spent 4 days in England, 5 days in Italy, and finally one week in France. Most of the journey, we were absorbed with the fascinating sights and views. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why will Mr. Rogers be off work next week? A. To make his holiday. B. To attend a wedding. C. To travel on business. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: It’s said that Mr. Rogers will be out of work next week. M: Yes, exactly. W: For what? To take a holiday or go on business? M: Neither. He’s travelling to see his niece. She’s getting married next Tuesday. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白 读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Why is Jane unhappy? A. David fell in love with her. B. She met problems with math. C. Kevin made up stories about her. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Boss and employee. 【答案】6. C 7. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Hello, sir. Could you spare me a minute? M: Sure, Jane. You look upset. What happened? W: Well, you know, it’s Kevin. He is telling everyone that David and I are in love. But we are not. We are just a study pair. You know I help him with his English and he helps me with my math. M: Oh. I was going to tell you that you have made great progress in math. That explains. Don’t worry. I’ll talk to Kevin tomorrow. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. When does the conversation most probably take place? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Saturday. 9. What makes the newly-opened restaurant popular? A. Good position. B. Special foods. C. Music show. 10. When will the music be over? A. At 8. B. At 9. C. At 10. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, Kathy. Any plans for tonight? W: Not yet, Frank. I was wondering where to go for dinner. M: But I thought you always eat at the school. W: Most of the time I do. But on weekends, I’d like to go out. Any suggestions? M: Well, a new restaurant opened recently. I went there last Wednesday. It’s so great. W: In what way? M: They offered food as well as music show. W: Music show? M: Yeah. You know, songs, dances. W: Sounds good. When does it start? M: At 8. And it will last an hour. W: How wonderful! What’s their menu like? M: They offer food of different kinds. You know, Japanese food, French food, Indian food … W: Great. I like French food. I think I’d better reserve a table for 3 at 6, and then we can stay for the show. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. How did the woman get to know about third-hand smoke? A. From young smokers. B. From a newspaper article. C. From some smoking parents. 12. Why does the man say that he should keep away from a baby? A. He’s just become a father. B. He wears dirty clothes. C. He is a smoker. 13. What’s the woman’s suggestion for smoking parents? A. Quit smoking. B. Stay outdoors. C. Clean clothes. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Bob, I’m sure you know about second-hand smoke. M: Of course, I do. W: But have you heard about third-hand smoke? M: Third-hand smoke? I’m afraid not. What is that then? W: Well, it is here in today’s paper. Parents may think they are protecting children from second-hand smoke when they smoke outside their home or only when the children are not there. But now researchers are warning about what they call third-hand smoke. When you smoke, dangerous matter from cigarettes get into your hair and clothing. As babies are the weakest, when you come to a baby, you pass it to the baby and increase the chances of disease in the baby. M: Is that so? In that case I have to say that I should never get close to a baby. W: That’s right. Actually all smoking parents should do the same or better give it up completely. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What does the woman say about the science book? A. It’s of little value. B. It’s in bad condition. C. It’s an old edition. 15. How much will the woman pay the man? A. $30. B. $23. C. $21. 16. Why is the woman unwilling to buy more textbooks? A. Textbooks are changeable. B. She’s in financial trouble. C. She prefers new books. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hey Susan, are you interested in buying some used books for school? You can really save some money that way. W: Well, what do you have? M: Well, let’s see. I have a science book called Today’s World and I am selling it for 30 dollars. W: 30? That’s too expensive for a broken book like that. M: Maybe so, but I bought it for 60 and I wrote a lot of notes in the book that should help you with the class if you could read my writing. W: What else are you selling? M: OK, I have an English writing textbook for 14 dollars, a maths book for 23 and a novel for only 7. W: Hmm... M: It’s up to you. You know these things go fast. W: OK, I’ll take the writing book and the novel. I need both of those for sure. M: No more text books? W: Not now. Teachers are always changing their minds about textbooks. M: All right. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. His success in acting. B. His work experience. C. His regret for ignorance. 18. How did the speaker feel on his arrival at Los Angeles? A. Discouraged. B. Worried. C. Confident. 19. What did he think of his career as an actor? A. Disappointing. B. Tiring. C. Interesting. 20. What did he decide to do in the end? A. Say goodbye to movies. B. Turn to movie management. C. Be happy with small roles. 【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Good morning, everyone. It’s good to see you all here today. I believe some you once dreamed of becoming famous. I was one of you. Now I’d like to share my story with you. As a young actor, I first arrived in Los Angeles in 1984. I saw the shining lights of the city as the plane landed and I felt excited as the first step that would lead me to fortune got under way. I imagined that the development of my dream would move smoothly, and soon I would be one of the best-known faces on cinema screen throughout the world. I was confident in my first performance in 1986. I knew the lead role was perfect for me. I was anxious to become well-known. But when they offered me a small role, I saw that my plans for quick success had been ruined. Over the years I tried out for other roles, but I never got a good part. Sometimes I thought of giving up. Five years later, I found myself working in the offices of a movie company. And eventually I ended up as a manager of this company after years of hard work. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Having given good responses to all questions, Thomas, with a perfect resume, failed his job interview last week. Christine, the manager responsible for the interview, showed an actual preference for Thomas but decided to offer the job to her second choice, adding that the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy”. “It was not until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person.” Christine admitted later. “What I didn’t known at that time was that the candidate’s odd behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a family where respect for those in authority was shown by turning away your eyes. I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact, not realizing it was cultural,” Christine says. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces become more diverse, it is increasingly essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions. Mindsets helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. Unexpected advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can have no personal biases have an obvious advantage. A real estate agent illustrates the positive influence of Mindsets—“Coached by Mindsets for two weeks, I acquired how to own a diversified workforce—I employed people from different cultures and skill sets. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.” Strategic power “An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations from inside, it is profitable as well.” Such comment is from a customer service representative, who shows how an inclusive attitude can improve sales. It wasn’t until her boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service. One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone. As a result, our customer base has increased.” Gender unawareness Gorden is an account executive who attended one of the workshops. “Through some of the lessons, I discovered my personal bias.” he recalls. “I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My assumption would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel. Thanks to the workshop, I have learnt to make decisions based on fairness.” 21. Christine’s misjudgment about the candidate originated from . A. racial discrimination B. cultural differences C. gender prejudice D. physical appearance 22. Which of the following statements will Gorden not agree with about Mindsets’ workshops? A. It helped him make fair decisions. B. It helped him discover his personal bias about gender. C. It helped him think more highly of female candidates. D. It helped him successfully find candidates. 23. According to the passage, what is Mindsets? A. A cultural exchange program. B. A personnel training company. C. A real estate agency. D. A non-profit organization. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要通过四个案例介绍了 Mindsets 帮助企业和个人认清在员工面试、 聘用、选拔等方面的问题和误区。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What I didn’t known at that time was that the candidate’s odd behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding.”（当时我所不知道的是，这位候选人的奇怪 行为只是一种文化误解。）可知，Christine 对候选人的误判源于文化差异。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Through some of the lessons, I discovered my personal bias.” （通过一些课程，我发现了我个人的偏见。）以及 Gorden 的回忆“Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.”（如果我没有参加这个研讨会，我会自然而然 地认为这个人是最佳候选人，因为这个职位需要经常出差。）和“Thanks to the workshop, I have learnt to make decisions based on fairness.”（多亏了这个研讨会，我学会了在公平的基础上做 决定。）可以看出，他摒除了性别偏见，做出了公平的决定以及成功地找到了应聘者，C 选 项（这让他更加看重女性候选人）没有提到。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 推理判断题。从全文所提及的四个实例可以看出，Mindsets 帮助企业和个人解决了在面试、 招聘、服务升级、人才选拔等方面的问题，由此推知，Mindsets 一个人员培训公司。故选 B。 B Several years ago, KenKeegan organized a gathering in Las Vegas, with a group of architects involved, who were asked what it would take to design a public school which used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved students learning. “I think half of them fell off their chairs,” Keegan says. Keegan is in charge of the management school facilities for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2028, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Keegan needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes. With the intention of constructing their schools in 2019, the district will assess how well the schools perform before allowing the winners to conduct their designs in 50 to 70 new buildings. Green schools keep emerging all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. “One of the biggest obstacles is getting the right site orientation,” Mark. Mc, a director at SH Architecture, says. His team recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. “You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.” Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don’t believe in the new green religion,” Keegan says, “Some of the building technologies that you put forward are impractical. I’m only interested in those that work.” But he doesn’t mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You never know what’s going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says. 24. What can be inferred from the architects’ reaction in Paragraph 1? A. Half of them lost balance in excitement. B. Disbelief was obviously seen. C. Most of them expressed little interest. D. They burst into cheers. 25. Which order of steps should be followed in carrying out the project? A. Assessment－Construction－Design. B. Assessment－Design－Construction. C. Design－Construction－Assessment. D. Design－Assessment－Construction. 26. What is the biggest challenge Clark County faces if they are to build green schools? A. The large size. B. Limited facilities. C. The desert climate. D. Poor natural resources. 27. In Keegan’s opinion, the ideas of green schools are . A. questionable B. out of date C. advanced D. practical. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。Keegan 想要创办一所绿色学校的想法遭到了很多人的质疑，最后连自己 也开始怀疑自己的设计要求。诚然，具有创新精神是好，但不切实际的想法并不能得以实现， 一切还得从实际出发。 【24 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I think half of them fell off their chairs.”（我想他们中有一半是 从椅子上摔下来的）可推知，建筑师们觉得 Keegan 的要求不可思议，难以置信。A 为“激动 得失去了平衡”，B 为“怀疑显然是显而易见的”，C 为“不感兴趣”，D 为“突然大哭”，都不 符合本意，故选 B。 【25 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes. With the intention of constructing their schools in 2019, the district will assess how well the schools perform before allowing the winners to conduct their designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.”（四个建筑团队已经完成了小学原型的设计。为了在 2019 年建造他们的 学校，该学区将评估学校的表现，然后允许获胜者在 50 至 70 座新建筑中进行设计。）可知， 工程的实施应按照“设计—评估—建设”的程序。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 三 段 “…such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate.”（…… 这样激进的目标是困难的，因为设计要求，如为学生提供更多的自然光，与沙漠气候的现实 相违背。）可知，建绿色校园的难题是沙漠气候，而并非巨大的面积、有限的设施或贫瘠的 自然资源，故选 C。 【27 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don’t believe in the new green religion...”（ 我不相信新的绿色 宗教……） , “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical…”（你提出的一些 建筑技术是不切实际的……）可知，Keegan 对上面提到的计划感到怀疑。故选 A。 C Nowadays, many of the world’s largest brewers (a company that produces beer) are using new technologies to replace the disposable, plastic six-pack beer rings with more sustainable and recyclable materials. Though mostly being used in small test trials, full adoption could have a positive environmental impact, according to some experts. Carlsberg, the Danish brewer, for example, is using glue to adhere cans in a production method that would avoid using 1,200 tons of plastic yearly, or the equal of 60 million plastic bags, once fully adopted. For most consumers, the miserable image of a seagull, turtle, or some other aquatic creature trapped or killed by the plastic rings really arouses their strong sympathy as well as their reflection on the plastic pollution issue. That is a part of the reason why brewers have zeroed in on plastic six-pack-ring packaging. Luckily, children are taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death. Developed by E6PR (Edible Six Pack Ring) programme, which is led by another brewery called Saltwater, the rings made of waste wheat in beer production are now used by 35 brewers across the globe, including in Africa, Europe, and Australia. The final goal is to ensure that they can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures or break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it will take for plastic. Giving up plastic straws and beer rings may help consumers feel better about their carbon footprint, but some experts say we should also focus on other efforts. Recycling rates in the U.S. stand at just over 34%. Glass, in which many brewers bottle their beer, can be difficult to recycle and transport. If brewers chose thinner glass, the improvement could prove even more beneficial to the environment than giving up plastic rings. However, there can be a risk that consumers may be more likely to litter, if they think the E6PR rings are less harmful. “The idea of creating something that’s litter-friendly is an issue in my mind,” says Nina Goodrich, executive director of an environmental nonprofit organization, GreenBlue. “What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorting.” 28. What does the underlined word “adhere” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. attach. B. grasp. C. select. D. stick. 29. We can learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that . A. Carlsberg has completely relied on the use of glue to stick cans as a production method. B. It is the death of sea animals that draws people’s attention to the plastic pollution problem. C. Children are taught to cut up the plastic rings to prevent the rings harming animals. D. Brewers have changed their packing materials due to the pressure from consumers. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards the E6PR rings? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 31. Which statement is true about Nina Goodrich? A. She wishes to establish a collection and sorting system in America. B. She doesn’t think the E6PR rings are harmful for aquatic animals. C. Her team has already produced some litter-friendly materials. D. She is in charge of a charity that works on protecting ocean environment. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是世界上许多大的啤酒生产商正在使用新技术来代替一次性塑 料啤酒捆绑环，以减少对水生生物和环境的危害。 【28 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“...the Danish brewer, for example, is using glue to ... cans in a production method ”（例如，丹麦啤酒制造商嘉士伯(Carlsberg)就在一种生产方法中使用胶水来粘接易 拉罐。）可知，是用胶水来封罐，adhere 意为“粘住”。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Luckily, many children are taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death.”（幸运的是，许多孩子被教导要把 塑料环切碎，以减少动物可能窒息而死的机会。）可知，孩子们被教导剪碎塑料环，以防止 塑料环伤害动物。故选 C 。 【30 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段作者在介绍 E6PR rings 的成分 (made of waste wheat)，使用范 围和最终目标“The final goal is to ensure that they can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures or break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it will take for plastic.”（最 终目标是确保它们能在几周内被水生生物无害地吃掉，或在自然界中分解，而不是像塑料那 样需要数年时间。）和文章最后一段第一句“There’s also the risk that if consumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, they’ll be more likely to litter.”（还有一个风险是，如果消费者认 为他们的 E6PR 环危害更小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。）可知，还有一个风险是，如果消 费者认为 E6PR 塑料环危害较小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。所以，作者只是客观地介绍了 E6PR 塑料环，作者对 E6PR 塑料环持中立态度。故选 B。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorting.（我们在北美所需要的是一个更好的系统来鼓励收集和分 类。）”可知，她希望在美国建立一个收集和分类系统。故选 A 。 D When we’ve got children, it’s typical of us to give careful thought to how much TV the children are watching and that they’re exposed to. Are we being overprotective about the effect reality TV is having on our child? The answer is “No”. Or rather, there’s increasing evidence that these programmes can have a profound influence on young people. A recent research indicates that some reality TV shows can be every bit as damaging for teenage girls as too many cartoons are for kids — perhaps even worse. The truth is that reality TV is anything but reality — but that’s not necessarily what our children believe. A study for the Girl Scout Research Institute in the US found that eight out of ten girls aged between 11 and 17 who regularly watch reality shows believe these programmes describe real life. In fact, much of reality TV is a heavily manipulated view of what’s really happening, and the worst of it strengthens the sort of female stereotypes women have spent decades trying to remove. Many of the women on reality TV shows are acting out lives as teenage mothers or drama queens. Strong, hard-working, purposeful young women with ambitions beyond their looks are rare in these programmes. There’s a widespread emphasis on the value of women being about how they look and dress, which gives young viewers the message that being a woman is all about style and appearance, not what you do or stand for. Cultural critic and writer Jennifer Pozner describes reality TV as “the contemporary negative reaction against feminism”. Imran Siddiquee, Director of Social Media and Outreach, is concerned that these programmes show the worst stereotypes of womanhood and “normalize” them in what appear to be everyday settings. “ They offer such a limited view of what it is to be a woman, and all over the world young girls are addicted to it,” he says. Siddiquee does recognize, however, that many girls themselves value reality TV. Some say it encourages them to think about situations different from their own. They also point out that some shows feature women running their own successful businesses. “It’s important to acknowledge that there are some useful elements in reality TV,” Siddiquee says. “But many girls need to be inspired to think more critically about some aspects of these shows so they’re not manipulated by them and so their behaviour doesn’t change because of them.” We should encourage our children to be critical thinkers and help them develop their media literacy. Whether reality TV is changing our children’s views, or whether they are attracted to programmes that agree with their beliefs, it’s vital we recognize that their viewing habits could strengthen these unbalanced ideas. 32. This passage is most probably intended for . A. Teenage girls. B. Parents. C. Media workers. D. General public. 33. What is the problem with a reality TV show? A. It is too true to life for audience to believe in. B. Actors and directors lack a sense of innovation. C. Its contents and views are rather artificial. D. It has caused controversies among teenagers. 34. According to the Imran Siddquee, what should reality TV shows present? A. Genuine accounts of females and their work. B. Ways to gain more popularity among peers. C. Distinction between true life and TV dramas. D. Tips on how to become stylish young girls. 35. What does the text mainly focus on? A. Situations where teenagers are attracted to certain TV programmes. B. Reality TV shows’ impact on young girls and parent’s guidance. C. The way to help children to have the habit of critical thinking. D. The stereotypes of women on TV and audience’s reaction. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章论述了一些真人电视节目输出的错误价值观和内容塑造了对女性的刻 板印象和强调外在，忽视了女性内在美和独立奋斗的形象，会误导青春期少女。作者呼吁家 长培养孩子面对这类内容要进行独立思考，而不是被塑造影响。 【32 题详解】 推理判断题。由文章前两段可知，作者主要针对“we parents” “our children” 在说明当下的一 些真人秀对年轻人，尤其是青春期少女的影响，希望家长能给与正确引导。所以这篇文章的 目标群体是家长们。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many of the women on reality TV shows are acting out lives as teenage mothers or drama queens. Strong, hard-working, purposeful young women with ambitions beyond their looks are rare in these programmes.”（许多电视真人秀中的女性都扮演着少女妈妈 或戏剧女王的角色。在这些节目中，身强力壮、勤奋上进、有远大抱负的年轻女性并不多见。） 和第四段“...these programmes show the worst stereotypes of womanhood and “normalize" them in what appear to be everyday settings...”（这些节目展示了对女性最糟糕的刻板印象，并在似 乎是日常的场景中将其“正常化”）”可知，第三、四两段集中论述真人秀的问题，内容充满 了对女性的刻板印象解读，展现的都是女性美丽的外表，而不是一个女性应该有的独立和上 进心，这种价值观是错误的，会误导女孩对于女性的认知。由此可知，真人秀的内容和观点 是相当虚假的。故选 C。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“They also point out that some shows feature women running their own successful businesses.”（他们还指出，一些节目以女性经营自己成功的企业为特色。） 可知，一些节目展现的是成功的经营自己事业的女性，该段在说一些女孩对于这类节目的思 考，也举出了不同于之前只注重女性外表的节目。换句话说，Imran Siddquee 认为真人秀应 该展现的是女性和她们的事业。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A recent research indicates that some reality TV shows can be every bit as damaging for teenage girls as too many cartoons are for kids — perhaps even worse. ”（最 近的一项研究表明，一些真人秀节目对十几岁的女孩的伤害和太多卡通节目对孩子的伤害一 样大，甚至可能更糟）和最后一段“We should encourage our children to be critical thinkers and help them develop their media literacy. ”（我们应该鼓励我们的孩子成为批判性思考者，并 帮助他们发展媒体素养）结合全文内容，可知首段，作者指出现在很多电视节目对年轻人有 很大影响。同时最后一段作者指出，家长要帮助孩子养成批判性的思考习惯，因此文章大意 是真人秀对年轻女孩的影响以及家长应如何指引。故选 B。 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 Looking around the streets of London, you’ll definitely see many methods people use to move around. ____36____Now there’s a new addition: electric scooters or e•scooters. This traditional children’s vehicle has become more complicated over the years. And now, with the addition of a small electric motor, it’s become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Scooting around town can be fun and doesn’t involve much effort. ___37___But considering accidents involving this electric scooter in the U.K., questions are being asked about their safety and whether traffic laws should be changed. Many e•scooter riders in the U.K. broke the law. Some had been seen on pavements, and others on the road jumped red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists stuck in traffic jams. In the U.K., the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement is forbidden. Despite this, it seems the increasing popularity of e•scooters means they can be seen everywhere. ___38___ The U.K. government is looking at how safely they can be used on the road and is “reviewing” the law. But its transport minister, Michael Ellis, has told the BBC that “Micro-mobility products are appearing in countries across the globe and are an exciting innovation, for which we know there is demand. ___39___” ___40___Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30 mph, they sometimes only have one brake and no lights. However confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them unprotected. So it seems that more work needs to be done to give e•scooters a safe and legal space to travel in. A. The roads are already very crowded. B. What’s the best means of transport? C. People seldom see e•scooter accidents in the U.K. D. However, safety must always be our top priority. E. And now users are asking that regulations be changed. F. There’s no doubt that there are dangers of riding a two•wheeled scooter. G. It’s no wonder that it’s becoming increasingly popular in the world. 【答案】36. A 37. G 38. E 39. D 40. F 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型交通工具——电动滑板车兴起的原因及随之出 现的安全问题等。 【36 题详解】 根据首句中“Looking around the streets of London, you’ll see many methods people use to move around.”（环顾一下伦敦街道，你会看到人们有许多出行的方式。）可知，现在伦敦的街道 上有许多种不同的出行方式，紧接着，空后又出现“Now there’s a new addition: electric scooters or e•scooters.”（现在又增加了一种新的出行方式——电动滑板车。）现在又有新的 出行方式了，空处应是承上启下，既说出了多种出行方式造成街道拥挤，又说明了空后会出 现新的出行方式的原因，即伦敦街道已经很拥挤了。结合选项，可知 A 项“道路总是非常 拥挤”符合语境，故选 A。 【37 题详解】 根据空处上文“And now, with the addition of a small electric motor, it’s become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Scooting around town can be fun and doesn’t involve much effort. ”（现在加上一个电动小马达，它是一种便宜方便的交通模式，在镇子里跑来跑去 很有趣，而且也不费力。）可知，电动滑板车具有廉价便捷等诸多优势，而空后是“But considering accidents involving this electric scooter in the U.K., questions are being asked about their safety and whether traffic laws should be changed.”（但是考虑到在英国出现了有关于电 动滑板车的事故，必须考虑它们的安全性和是否要改交通法。）与空前意思相反了，所以空 处应该是还在讲它的好的一方面，结合选项 G 项“在全球它变得越来越受欢迎并不足为奇” 符合语境，故选 G。 【38 题详解】 根 据 上 文“In the U.K., the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement is forbidden. Despite this, it seems the increasing popularity of e•scooters means they can be seen everywhere.”（在英国，法律禁止在公路或人行道上骑行。尽管如此，日益流行的电动滑板 车似乎随处可见。）可知，在英国，虽然法律禁止在公路或人行道上骑行但是日益流行的电 动滑板车似乎随处可见，因此，旧有的法律规定和电动滑板车的日益流行相互矛盾，由此推 知，现在用户们要求改变法规，E 项“并且现在使用者们要求改变规章制度”符合语境，故 选 E。 【39 题详解】 根据本段前两句“The U.K. government is looking at how safely they can be used on the road and is “reviewing” the law. But its transport minister, Michael Ellis, has told the BBC that “Micro-mobility products are appearing in countries across the globe and are an exciting innovation, for which we know there is demand. ”（英国政府正在研究他们怎么才能在路上 被安全使用，并且重新审视法律，但是交通部部长 Michael Ellis 已经告诉 BBC 微型移动产 品正在全球各国出现，且人们对这项创新有很大的需求。）可推知现在电动滑板的使用是势 在必行了，结合下一段内容，可知，电动滑板使用也存在安全问题，所以空处这里应该是引 出下文的安全性话题，结合选项，D 项“不管怎么样安全必须处于我们的首要位置”符合题 意，故选 D。 【40 题详解】 根据设空后两句“Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30 mph, they sometimes only have one brake and no lights. However confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them unprotected.”（尽管有些电动滑板车时速能超过 30 英里，但它们只有一个刹车， 没有车灯。骑行者很自信，但路上更大的交通工具让他们没有保护。）可知，尽管有些电动 滑板车时速能超过 30 英里，但它们只有一个刹车，没有车灯，因此，人们在驾驶电动滑板 车的过程中存在危险。结合选项，F 项“骑行着一个有着两个轮的电动滑板车是有危险的” 符合语境，故选 F。 第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节 完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。 Gray was born on New Year’s Day in San Antonio. He weighed just three pounds and only had ___41___on his head, face and parts of his legs. The rest was ___42___. Doctors have not been able to identify his condition. Since Gray was ___43___heart rate reductions and not gaining weight, doctors considered ___44___his life support. But his mother fought to have him moved to another ___45___. Eventually, in April, he was taken to Texas Children’s Hospital---the only place well equipped enough to ___46___him. Against all odds, Gray is still ___47___, unlike the only other two babies who had been ___48___ with this condition in the US, ___49___of whom survived very long. For the first try, the first of its kind in a child of this ____50____and with this condition, doctors transplanted skin onto Gray which had been grown by a pharmaceutical company that normally ____51____skin to burn victims. The skin was grown using cells that doctors ____52____from the baby’s ear. Gray currently weighs around 18 pounds. Doctors have taken off his pain medication and ____53____his breathing tube. His condition is slowly____54____and the family are counting down the days until he is ____55____to go home. It is still ____56____what condition Gray is suffering from, but the mother finally____57____her baby after the life-saving transplant. Compared with men, women are vulnerable, but mothers are ____58____. A mother’s love never changes nor can it be ____59____by anything. It was the mother’s great and selfless love that gave the baby another ____60____of cherry. 41. A. hairs B. bones C. skins D. veins 42. A. cut B. rotten C. lost D. missing 43. A. exercising B. experiencing C. practicing D. examining 44. A. turning down B. turning off C. turning over D. turning up 45. A. destination B. hospital C. clinic D. department 46. A. access B. adopt C. adapt D. accept 47. A. alive B. positive C. active D. energetic 48. A. born B. concerned C. given D. provided 49. A. either B. neither C. both D. none 50. A. time B. area C. city D. age 51. A. promotes B. produces C. supplies D. provides 52. A. collected B. elected C. planted D. cloned 53. A. rejected B. reformed C. reduced D. removed 54. A. transforming B. developing C. improving D. worsening 55. A. demanded B. ensured C. allowed D. accompanied 56. A. unclear B. unusual C. obvious D. unique 57. A. witnessed B. kissed C. heard D. cleaned 58. A. kind B. wise C. strong D. mild 59. A. replaced B. transmitted C. purchased D. transferred 60. A. chance B. mouth C. portion D. bite 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Gray 出生时身上多处没有皮肤，医生原本想放弃治疗，但 母亲极力坚持，Gray 才在唯一一家愿意接受他的德克萨斯儿童医院得以存活。文章通过这 个故事告诉我们：母爱是伟大的、无可替代的。 【41 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他只有 3 磅重，头上、脸上和腿上只有几处皮肤。A. hairs 头发； B. bones 骨头；C. skins 皮肤；D. veins 静脉，血管。根据下文“doctors transplanted skin onto Gray”可知，Gray 天生只有在头上、脸上和部分腿上有皮肤。故选 C。 【42 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：剩下的部分缺失了。A. cut 割下的；B. rotten 腐烂的，腐败的； C. lost 失去的，丢失的；D. missing 丢失的，缺少的。根据上文“only had ___1___ on his head, face and parts of his legs.”可知，此处指 Gray 的剩余部位缺少皮肤。故选 D。 【43 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于 Gray 的心率下降，体重没有增加，医生考虑关闭他的生命 维持系统。A. exercising 锻炼；B. experiencing 体验，经历；C. practicing 练习；D. examining 检查。根据“heart rate reductions and not gaining weight,”可知，此处指 Gray 饱受着疾痛之 苦,用“经历”符合语境。故选 B。 【44 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于 Gray 的心率下降，体重没有增加，医生考虑关闭他的生命 维持系统。A. turning down 拒绝，调低；B. turning off 关闭；C. turning over 移交给，把…… 翻过来；D. turning up 出现，调大。根据下文“But his mother fought to have him moved to another ___5___”可知，此处指医生看到 Gray 的情况，想放弃对他的治疗，所以关掉了 维持他生命的设备。故选 B。 【45 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的母亲竭力想把他转到另一家医院。A. destination 目的地； B. hospital 医院；C. clinic 诊所；D. department 部门。根据下文“he was taken to Texas Children’s Hospital”可知，此处是信息词 hospital 的词汇复现。故选 B。 【46 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，在 4 月，他被送进了德克萨斯儿童医院，这是唯一一个设 备齐全的、可以接收他的医院。A. access 进入；B. adopt 收养，采纳；C. adapt 适合，适应； D. accept 接受。结合语境可知，这家儿童医院设备齐全，可以收治 Gray。故选 D。 【47 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，Gray 仍然活着，不像在美国出生时就患有这 种疾病的另外两个婴儿，他们都没活多久。A. alive 活着的，有活力的；B. positive 积极的； C. active 主动的，活跃的；D. energetic 精力充沛的。根据下文中“___9___ of whom survived very long.”及语境可知，此处指 Gray 经历了这么多磨难还活着。故选 A。 【48 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，Gray 仍然活着，不像在美国出生时就患有这种 疾病的另外两个婴儿，他们都没活多久。A. born 出生；B. concerned 担心；C. given 给；D. provided 提供。根据语境可知，这两名婴儿和 Gray 情况相同，天生就患有这种疾病。故选 A。 【49 题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，Gray 仍然活着，不像在美国出生时就患有这种 疾病的另外两个婴儿，他们都没活多久。A. either（两者中的）任何一个；B. neither 两者都 不；C. both 两者都；D. none 三者以上都不。根据“Gray is still ___7___ , unlike the only other two babies who had been ___8___ with this condition in the US”可知，与 Gray 有相同疾病的 两个婴儿都没有存活很长时间，“两者都不”的表达为 neither。故选 B。 【50 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为第一次尝试，在这个年段、这种情况下的儿童中，医生们将 皮肤移植到 Gray 身上，这是由一家通常为烧伤患者提供皮肤的制药公司培育的。A. time 时 间；B. area 地区；C. city 城市；D. age 年龄。根据上文中“Gray was born on New Year’s Day” 可知，Gray 刚出生不久，所以此处指医院是首次给这个年龄的孩子做皮肤移植手术。故选 D。 【51 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为第一次尝试，在这个年段、这种情况下的儿童中，医生们将 皮肤移植到 Gray 身上，这是由一家通常为烧伤患者提供皮肤的制药公司培育的。A. promotes 促进；B. produces 生产；C. supplies 供应；D. provides 提供。根据语境可知，这家医药公司 是给烧伤患者提供皮肤的，supply sth. to sb.“给某人提供某物”。虽然 provide 也表提供， 但固定搭配为 provide sth. for sb.。故选 C。 【52 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生从婴儿的耳朵上采集细胞，培育出皮肤。A. collected 收集； B. elected 选举；C. planted 种植；D. cloned 克隆。根据语境可知，医生从 Gray 的耳朵上釆 集到了细胞，医药公司借助这些细胞生成皮肤。故选 A。 【53 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生已经取下了他的止痛药并取下了他的呼吸管。A. rejected 拒 绝；B. reformed 改革；C. reduced 减少；D. removed 去除，移动。根据上文中的“Gray currently weights around 18 pounds. Doctors have taken off his pain medication”可知，Gray 的情况有所 好转，所以医生停了他的止痛药物，移除了他的呼吸设备。故选 D。 【54 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的病情正在慢慢好转，他的家人正在倒计时，等待他获准回家。 A. transforming 使改变；B. developing 发展；C. improving 提高，改善；D. worsening 使变得 更差。根据下文的“the family are counting down the days until he is 15 to go home.”可知，家人在盼着他回家，由此推知 Gray 的情况正在好转。故选 C。 【55 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的病情正在慢慢好转，他的家人正在倒计时，等待他获准回家。 A. demanded 要求；B. ensured 保证，确保；C. allowed 允许；D. accompanied 陪伴。根据语 境及常识可知，Gray 的家人在倒数着医院允许他出院的日子。故选 C。 【56 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Gray 的病情目前还不清楚，但这位母亲在接受了这一救命的 器官移植手术后，终于亲吻了自己的孩子。A. unclear 不清楚的；B. unusual 不寻常的；C. obvious 明显的；D. unique 独一无二的。根据语境可知，医生们还没有弄清楚这种病症的相 关情况。故选 A。 【57 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gray 的病情目前还不清楚，但这位母亲在接受了这一救命的器 官移植手术后，终于亲吻了自己的孩子。A. witnessed 目击；B. kissed 接吻；C. heard 听说； D. cleaned 打扫，清洁。结合上下文可知，此处是指 Gray 的妈妈终于可以在大面积地进行皮 肤移植之后亲吻自己的孩子。故选 B。 【58 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与男人相比，女人是脆弱的，但母亲是坚强的。A. kind 善良 的；B. wise 明智的；C. strong 强壮的，坚强的；D. mild 温和的。根据上文中的“but”可知， 此处应与上文中的“vulnerable”形成对比转折关系，即女本脆弱，为母则刚。C 项意为“坚 强的”，符合语境。故选 C。 【59 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲的爱永远不会改变，也无法用任何东西代替。A. replaced 代 替；B. transmitted 传输，输送；C. purchased 购买；D. transferred 转换，转变。结合常识可 知，母爱是不可替代的。故选 A。 【60 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是母亲伟大而无私的爱，给了婴儿再一次机会。 A. chance 机 会；B. mouth 嘴；C. portion 部分；D. bite 少量食物，（咬下的）一口。此处为固定表达 another bite of cherry“再一次机会”。故选 D。 第 II 卷 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses ___61___(claim) that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don’t know whether to laugh ___62___cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. Of course it is clear that students ___63___go to England to learn English have a great advantage ___64___others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach ___65___(they) at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good ___66___(pronounce) and intonation. Most teaching is still ___67___(base) on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and ___68___(encourage) them to make sentences. If we ___69___(be) parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think ____70____is a pity that we aren’t, because it would make it easier to use their methods. 【答案】61. claiming 62. or 63. who/that 64. over 65. themselves 66. pronunciation 67. based 68. encouraging 69. were 70. it 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一名教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认为学生们喜欢实惠 的速成学习方法在情理之中，但学英语并非广告中说的那么轻松。 【61 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我每天都在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称学英语容易又 快。分析句子可知谓语动词为 see，claim 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，claim 与逻辑主语 advertisements 之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词表主动，故填 claiming。 【62 题详解】 考查连词。句意：当我看到这样的广告时，我不知道是该哭还是该笑。根据 whether 可知此 处使用的是固定搭配 whether ... or ...，表示“是……还是……”，故填 or。 【63 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当然，很明显，去英国学习英语的学生比其他人有很大的优势，但太 多的人负担不起这样做。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是 students(学生)， 指人，可用关系代词 who/that 代替先行词，作从句的主语，故填 who/that。 【64 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：当然，很明显，去英国学习英语的学生比其他人有很大的优势，但太 多的人负担不起这样做。根据 have a great advantage 可知此处为固定短语： have a great advantage over sb. 表示比某人更占优势，符合句意，故填 over。 【65 题详解】 考查代词。句意：有些人则走到了相反的极端，认为他们可以在家里用字典自学。由句意以 及动词 teach 可知此处应填反身代词，teach oneself 表示“自学”，故填 themselves。 【66 题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是，如果认为英语中的每个单词在另一种语言中都有精确的对等词，那 就错了，更不用说产出良好的发音和语调了。由形容词good 与并列连词and后的 intonation(语 调)可知此处应填名词 pronunciation(发音)作并列宾语，故填 pronunciation。 【67 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：大多数教学仍然是基于行为主义心理学。由系动词 is 与介词 on 可知 此处为固定搭配 be based on ，表示“以...为基础”，符合句意，故填 based。 【68 题详解】 考查动名词。句意：行为主义者喜欢让学生重复短语，鼓励他们造句。由 and 可知，encourage 应与 making 并列，作 are fond of 的宾语，所以应使用动名词形式，故填 encouraging。 【69 题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，这些方法可能会成功。由 if 和句意可知 此处虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况，时态用一般过去时，be 动词用 were，故填 were。 【70 题详解】 考查 it 作形式主语。句意：许多理论学家似乎认为我们不是，这很可惜，因为这将使他们 的方法更容易使用。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语 从句“we aren't”，所以应使用 it 做形式主语，故填 it。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨) 划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一 词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 It is the common phenomenon nowadays there are some persons disobeying traffic rules on the road. What’s worse, many a person always litter here and there in the streets, that is of our great concern. I have some specific ideas to share when it comes to handle these problems. I will observe traffic rules whenever I’m on my way to school. First and foremost, never will I cross a road until the traffic light turned green. Secondly, I will always use the zebra crossing. Thirdly, I will never throw rubbish and spit on the road. Equally important, it’s necessary to everyone to increase awareness of safe travel. As the saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” Therefore,let’s join hand to obey traffic rules, which will matter a lot. 【答案】1.the→a 2.nowadays 后加 that 3.litter→ litters 4.that→ which 5.handle→ handling 6.turned→ turns 7.and→ or 8.Important→ Importantly 9.to→ for 10.hand→ hands 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是现如今很多人在街上扔垃圾已经成为一种普遍现象，不 遵守交通规则也成为常态等问题，作者通过介绍自己保护环境，不乱扔垃圾，遵守交通规则 的几种举措，来呼吁人们携手爱护环境，遵守规则。 【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：如今，有些人在道路上不遵守交通规则是一种普遍现象。由句 意可知此处表示泛指“一种普遍现象”，common 为辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词 a，故 将 the 改为 a。 2.考查主语从句。句意：如今，有些人在道路上不遵守交通规则是一种普遍现象。分析句子 结构，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面 that 引导的主语从句，that 不可省略，故在 nowadays 后加 that。 3.考查主谓一致。句意：更糟糕的是，许多人总是在街上乱扔垃圾，这是我们非常关心的问 题。many a +可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数，故将 litter 改为 litters。 4.考查定语从句。句意：更糟糕的是，许多人总是在街上乱扔垃圾，这是我们非常关心的问 题。分析句子结构可知，此处包含一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，所以应 用 which 引导该从句，that 不可用于引导非限定性定语从句，故将 that 改为 which。 5.考查非谓语动词，句意：在处理这些问题时，我有一些具体想法要分享。由固定搭配 when it comes to ”中的 to 为介词可知，此处应接动名词作宾语，故接 handle 改为 handling。 6.考查时态。句意：首先也是最重要的一点是，在交通灯变绿之前我绝不会过马路。由语境 可知此处描述客观情况，时态应用一般现在时，主语 the traffic light 为单数，谓语动词用单 数，故将 turned 改为 turns。 7.考查连词。句意：第三，我绝不会在路上扔垃圾或吐痰。由 never 可知本句为否定句，在 否定句中用 or 连接两个并列成分，故将 and 改为 or。 8.考查副词。句意：同样重要的是，每个人都有必要提高安全出行的意识。分析句子结构结 合句意可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，所以应将形容词 important 改为副词形 式，故将 Important 改为 Importantly。 9.考查介词。句意：同样重要的是，每个人都有必要提高安全出行的意识。此处使用的是固 定句型“It is necessary for sb to do sth”表示“做某事对某人来说是有必要的”，故将 to 改为 for。 10.考查名词复数。句意：因此，让我们携起手来遵守交通规则，这很重要。表示“携手”应 用固定短语“join hands”，不止一只手，应使用名词的复数形式，故将 hand 改为 hands。 第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分) 72. 雾霾天气成为困扰很多城市的环境问题，引起了人们的广泛关注。请你就此写一篇小短 文： 1. 分析雾霾天气形成的原因（至少两点）； 2. 提出解决的办法； 3. 号召大家关注城市环境问题。 注意：1.字数 100 字左右 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 提示词汇: 雾霾天气 haze weather _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________ 【答案】One possible version: In recent years, haze weather has become an environmental issue worrying so many cities, which triggers widespread concern about air quality. There are mainly two contributory factors behind haze. First, quantities of harmful fumes are discharged from factories, spreading in the sky and blocking the sunlight. Second, since the number of cars in the city has enormously increased, exhaust emission is gradually becoming another main factor contributing to haze. Faced with such a serious situation, we must take effective measures accordingly. For instance, new laws and regulations must be passed to impose strict controls on industrial pollution. Besides, to set some limits on drivers going out too frequently or tax them if they travel a long time, say, more than five days a week. To improve our living conditions, let’s join hands to attach great importance to the environmental problems of our city. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生写一篇小短文，介绍困扰很多城市环境问题的雾霾天气， 引起了人们的广泛关注的状况，并提出解决办法。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：说明文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时,部分可用一般将来时等。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 分析雾霾天气形成的原因（至少两点）； 2. 提出解决的办法； 3. 号召大家关注城市环境问题。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） haze weather; an environmental issue; quantities of ； the number of ; take effective measures; ; set some limits on; attach great importance to; contribute to; faced with 第三步：连词成句 1. In recent years, haze weather has become an environmental issue worrying so many cities, which triggers widespread concern about air quality. 2. There are mainly two contributory factors behind haze. 3. First, quantities of harmful fumes are discharged from factories, spreading in the sky and blocking the sunlight. 4. Second, since the number of cars in the city has enormously increased, exhaust emission is gradually becoming another main factor contributing to haze. 5. Faced with such a serious situation, we must take effective measures accordingly. 6. For instance, new laws and regulations must be passed to impose strict controls on industrial pollution. 7. To improve our living conditions, let’s join hands to attach great importance to the environmental problems of our city. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序： First, Second 2.表并列补充关系： Besides, For instance 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] 1. In recent years, haze weather has become an environmental issue worrying so many cities, which triggers widespread concern about air quality. (句中 which 非限制 性定语从句) [高分句型 2] Faced with such a serious situation, we must take effective measures accordingly. （非谓语动词过去分词作状语） [高分句型 3] To improve our living conditions, let’s join hands to attach great importance to the environmental problems of our city.（非谓语动词作状语）