2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit2Language学案牛津译林版必修3 38页

Unit 2 Language 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．nowadays adv. 现在，如今 ‎2．unique adj. 独特的 ‎3．character n. (书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格 ‎4．interrupt vi.& vt. 插嘴，打断，暂停 ‎5．defeat vt. 击败，战胜 ‎6．press vt. (被)压，挤，推，施加压力 ‎ n. 报刊；新闻界；出版社 ‎7．mistaken adj. 错误的；误解的 ‎8．simplify vt. 简化 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．vocabulary n. 词汇 ‎2．occupy vt. 占领；占用(时间、空间等)‎ ‎3．replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 ‎4．raise vt. 养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及 ‎5．therefore adv. 因此，所以 ‎6．contribution n. 贡献，促成因素；捐赠 ‎7．shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 ‎8．practical adj. 切实可行的，实用的 ‎9．represent vt. 代表；展示，描绘 ‎10．indicate vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．combine vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．联合，结合 ‎2．mixture n．混合，混合体→mix v．使混合，拌和 ‎3．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude v．总结，归纳，推论 39‎ ‎4．entire adj.完全的，整个的→entirely adv.完全地，整个地 ‎5．concern n．关心；忧虑 vt.涉及；使担忧；与……有关→concerned adj.担心的，关心的→concerning prep.关于 ‎6．access vt. 进入；使用n.通道；(使用的)机会，权利→accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的；可利用的 ‎7．differ vi.相异，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同 ‎8．distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征→distinguished adj.著名的 ‎9．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便 ‎10．embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，使人尴尬的→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的，难堪的 ‎1.拜访“完全”家庭 ‎①entire adj. 整个的 ‎②whole adj. 全部的 ‎③total adj. 完全的 ‎④wholly adv. 完全地 ‎⑤complete adj. 完全的 ‎2.“目前，如今”知多少 ‎①nowadays 如今 ‎②at present 目前 ‎③at the present time 目前 ‎④at the moment 此刻 ‎⑤at the current time 当前 ‎3.“因此”表达种种 ‎①thus ‎②hence ‎③therefore ‎④accordingly ‎⑤consequently ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．stand_for 代表，象征 ‎2．be_made_up_of 由……组成(构成)‎ ‎3．consist_of 由……组成(构成)‎ ‎4．name_after 以……命名 ‎5．aside_from 除……之外 ‎6．take_control_of 控制，取得对……的控制 ‎7．lead_to/result_in 导致 ‎8．make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献 ‎9．go_through 经历；浏览；检查 ‎10．take_...into_consideration 考虑……‎ ‎11．look_up 向上看；查询 39‎ ‎12．gain_access_to 接近；取得利用……的机会 ‎13．make_fun_of 取笑，开……的玩笑 ‎14．ought_to 应当，应该 ‎15．differ_from 和……不同，不同于 ‎16．as_a_whole 作为整体，总体上 ‎17．in_a_word 总之 ‎18．up_and_down 上上下下 ‎19．play_a_part_in 在……中起作用 ‎20．think_about 考虑 ‎1.name短语集合 ‎①name after 以……命名 ‎②by name 名义上；名叫 ‎③be/in the name of 以……名义 ‎④call one’s name 点名 ‎2．“应该”表达种种 ‎①should ②ought to ‎③be supposed to ‎3.“开某人的玩笑”表达法 ‎①pull one’s leg ‎②joke/tease sb.‎ ‎③make fun of sb.‎ ‎④play a trick/tricks on sb.‎ ‎⑤play a joke/jokes on sb.‎ ‎4.“总之”说法种种 ‎①in a word ‎②as a whole ‎③(all) in all ‎④in conclusion ‎⑤in short/brief ‎⑥in general ‎⑦to conclude ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：That/This/It is why...意为“那/这就是……的原因”‎ That_is_why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.‎ 那就是英语有那么多让人困惑的规则的原因。‎ 句型2：not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”‎ Not_all characters were developed from drawings of objects.‎ 并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。‎ 句型3：be of＋抽象名词 While the students found the soldier’s ‎ 39‎ idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use．‎ 虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．Do you think cinemas will be replaced(代替) by TV and computers in the next century?‎ ‎2．Such people as have made great contributions(贡献) to the world should be greatly respected.‎ ‎3．One of his major shortcomings(缺点) is that he always bases his judgement on subjective opinions.‎ ‎4．A red sky at night often indicates(表明) fine weather the next day.‎ ‎5．(2018·北京卷)If you’re looking for a unique(独特的) adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.‎ ‎6．(山东卷)I drew a conclusion(conclude) from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way.‎ ‎7．(2018·江苏卷)There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience(convenient) to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable.‎ ‎8．Occupying(occupy) herself with routine tasks, she had no time to attend to her children.‎ ‎9．The offer has yet to be accepted by the lawyers representing(represent) the victims.‎ ‎10．Concerned(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.‎ Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Like many skills, guitar playing also comes with different techniques which differ from one person to another.(differ)‎ ‎2．My most embarrassing moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I ‎ 39‎ couldn’t remember and it also made the woman embarrassed．(embarrass)‎ ‎3．Our parents are concerned about our health. As far as I’m concerned,_we should talk with them and tell them our concerns．(concern)‎ ‎4．My house is located just off the High Street. It’s convenient for you to drop in. Please come at your convenience．(convenient)‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 ought to; make contributions to; as a whole; aside from; lead to; consist of; differ from English 1.differs greatly from Chinese. It 2.consists_of the grammar and vocabulary that people from different countries and cultures bring to Britain and it keeps changing all the time. At first I found it hard to learn English. 3.Aside_from my small vocabulary, I had difficulties understanding grammar knowledge. Fortunately, my teacher and classmates were friendly enough to help me whenever I met with difficulties, which 4.led_to my English improving rapidly. 5.As_a_whole,_it was my teacher’s and classmates’ help and my hard work that 6.made_contributions_to my progress. Therefore, we 7.ought_to keep in mind that it’s never too late to work hard.‎ go through; at one time; gain access to; make fun of; due to ‎8．At_one_time,_I 9.went_through a difficult time in learning English. Especially I was poor in spoken English and was often 10.made_fun_of by others. The question appeared in that I lacked enough practice. After realizing that, I began to make use of every chance to practice English, including actively 11.gaining_access_to every foreign teacher in our school. Finally, my spoken English is very good 12.due_to my constant practice.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．这两个演员沉溺于毒品。这就是昨天他们被抓的原因。‎ The two actors were addicted to drugs. This_is_why_they_were_arrested_yesterday.‎ ‎2．不是所有的人都适合从事那类工作。‎ Not_all_men_are_suitable_for that kind of work.‎ 39‎ ‎3．我爸爸送我的这只手表对我来说是很有价值的。‎ This watch from my dad is_of_great_value_to_me．‎ ‎ occupy　v．占领；占据；使从事，使忙碌；任职 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①I’ve invented a game that will keep the kids occupied(occupy) for hours.‎ ‎②He would have attended your birthday party but he was_occupied(occupy) with a very important experiment.‎ ‎③Choosing an occupation(occupy) takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)Jane_has_been_occupied_in(一直忙于) getting used to everything and she hasn’t had time for social activities.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)Occupied_in_getting_used_to_everything,_Jane hasn’t had time for social activities.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎⑥(高级表达)Occupying_herself_in_getting_used_to_everything,_Jane hasn’t had time for social activities.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎ 忙于(做)某事；‎ ‎ 专心于(做)某事 ‎(2)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 ‎(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作 ‎　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time.‎ 工作上的问题继续在他的脑海中萦绕了一段时间。‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“忙于做某事”的短语：be busy with sth./(in) doing sth.；be 39‎ ‎ employed with sth./(in) doing sth.；be engaged in sth.。‎ ‎[词块助记] occupy a position占据位置；担任职位 ‎ replace　vt.代替，取代，更换，更新；把……放回原处 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(重庆卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not. ‎ ‎②(安徽卷)First of all, it is now easier to_replace(replace) an object than to spend time and money to repair it.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加表彰大会。‎ ‎③Our monitor will take_the_place_of/replace our head teacher to attend the commendatory meeting. ‎ ‎④Our monitor will attend the commendatory meeting in_place_of our head teacher. ‎ ‎ ‎(1)replace...with/by... 用……替换，以……接替 ‎(2)take the place of/take one’s place 代替 in place of.../in one’s place 代替 ‎[佳句背诵] Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced.‎ 我个人认为商店购物会与家庭购物并存，但绝不会被取代。(安徽卷)‎ ‎ raise　vt.饲养(家畜)；养育，培养；种植(作物)；提高，增加；举起；筹集(资金)；提及 ‎[一词多义]——写出下列句中raise的含义 ‎①(四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.筹集(资金)‎ ‎②If you have any questions, please raise your hand.举起 ‎③A number of suggestions were raised at the meeting.提及 ‎④More TV programs, according to government officials，will be produced to raise 39‎ ‎ people’s concern over food safety.提高 ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎⑤父母都工作，目的是挣足够的钱养他们一家。‎ Both of the parents work in order to earn_enough_money_to_raise_their_family．‎ raise money＝collect money　募捐，筹资 raise one’s spirits 使振奋；使鼓起 ‎ 勇气 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 raise a family 养家　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood.‎ 父母希望知道养育孩子长大成人的最佳方法。‎ ‎②Anne raised her voice in order to be heard.‎ 为了让人能听得见，安妮提高了嗓门。‎ ‎[名师点津] raise与bring up ‎(1)raise指单纯的抚养、喂养，教育的意义很少。‎ ‎(2)bring up不但指抚养还有教育的意义。‎ ‎ concern　vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n．担心；关注；(利害)关系 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.‎ ‎②We sincerely hope that the authorities concerned(concern) should take effective measures immediately to prevent the pollution from being bad to worse.‎ ‎③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I’m writing to express my opinion concerning(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎(普通表达)In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 39‎ ‎④(高级表达)From_my_point_of_view,_it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.‎ ‎ ‎(1)show/express concern about/for ‎ 对……表示关心 ‎(2)concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的 be concerned about/for ‎ 担心……；关心……‎ be concerned with 与……有关；涉及 as far as...be concerned ‎ 就……而言；依……之见 ‎(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及 ‎[佳句背诵] If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！　如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心学校的未来， 你不要错过这次极好的机会！(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎ access　n．接近；通路；进入(使用)的权利或机会　vt.使用；接近；进入 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2018·江苏卷)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.‎ b．(广东卷) This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK.‎ ‎②(2017·北京卷)The magazine makes complex ideas attractive and accessible(access) to the children.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎(普通表达)The disabled people get into the building easily as it has no steps.‎ ‎③(高级表达)The building is easily_accessible_to the disabled people as it has 39‎ ‎ no steps.‎ ‎④(高级表达)The disabled people get_easy_access_to the building as it has no steps. ‎ ‎ ‎(1)access to...　 ……的通路；利用 ‎ ……的权利 have/get/obtain access to 使用/接近……的 ‎ 权利或机会 ‎(2)accessible adj. 可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to 易接近的；能进入的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.‎ 去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。‎ ‎②The development of the Belt and Road helps Chinese traders to have access to/be accessible to a broader market. ‎ ‎“一带一路”的发展帮助中国贸易商得以进入更广阔的市场。‎ ‎ differ　vi.不同，有区别 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(北京卷)Because a college community(群体) differs(differ) from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.‎ ‎②a.I can’t tell the difference(differ) between their policies and ours.‎ b．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently(different)．‎ ‎③British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望实现的任何事情有影响。‎ Only when we match our words with actions can_we_make_a_difference_in whatever we hope to accomplish.‎ ‎ 39‎ ‎(1)differ from...in... 与……在……方面不一样 ‎(2)difference n. 不同；区别 make a difference 有影响；使不相同　 ‎ tell the difference between...and...‎ ‎ 区分……与……的差别 ‎(3)different adj. 不同的；相异的 be different from...in...‎ ‎ 在……方面不同；与……不同 ‎(4)differently adv. 不同地 ‎[名师点津] 不同和相同 不同：differ，be different，vary；相同，相似：be the same, be similar/alike ‎ represent　vt.代表；象征；描绘；声称；说明；传达 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.‎ ‎②In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives(represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)我非常高兴代表我们学校，告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。‎ ‎③Representing_our_school,_I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.‎ ‎④On_behalf_of_our_school,_I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.‎ ‎ ‎(1)‎ ‎　 代表……‎ ‎(2)represent...as/to be... 宣称……为……；‎ ‎ 把……描绘成……‎ 39‎ ‎(3)represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明或传达某事 ‎(4)representative n. 代表 ‎ adj. 典型的；有代表性的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Last but not least, I feel it a great honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition.　最后但同样重要的是，我觉得代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛非常荣幸。‎ ‎ distinguish　vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world. ‎ ‎②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished(distinguish) guests efficiently while offering them constructive guidance.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)Because it is_distinguished_for_its_attractive_scenery(以其迷人的风景而闻名), Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.‎ ‎④(高级表达)Distinguished_for_its_attractive_scenery,_Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year. (分词作状语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish...from... 把……与……‎ ‎ 区分开来 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)而出名 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 be distinguished as... 作为……而出名 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 　读好书不仅可以丰富我们的思想，还可以教我们分清是非。‎ 39‎ ‎[联想发散] “因……而出名”的其他表达形式：‎ ‎①be_famous_for；②be_wellknown_for．‎ ‎ convenient　adj.方便的，便利的；近而方便的 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience(convenient) of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.‎ b．The hotel is conveniently(convenient) located close to the beach, thus making it popular among tourists.‎ ‎②(全国卷Ⅲ)If it’s convenient to/for you, let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.‎ ‎③(山东卷)Would it be convenient for you to_pick(pick) me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? ‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2018·浙江卷6月)如能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎④I would appreciate it if you could reply at_your_earliest_convenience．(convenience)‎ ‎⑤I would appreciate it if you could reply when_it_is_convenient_to_you．(convenient)‎ ‎ ‎(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎　 对某人来说做某事是方便的。‎ sth.be convenient to/for sb.‎ ‎ 对某人来说……是方便的 ‎(2)convenience n. 方便；便利 at one’s convenience 在某人方便时 ‎(3)conveniently adv. 便利地　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.‎ 在城镇骑自行车常常比开车更方便。‎ ‎[名师点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，‎ 39‎ 而要用物或形式主语作主语。“当你方便的时候”应译成“When it is convenient to you”而不能译成“When you are convenient”。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ a convenience store 一个便利店 convenience foods 方便食品 ‎ consist of　由……组成 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a. (辽宁卷)Life consists(consist) of not only sunshine but also hard times.‎ b．(2018·天津卷)Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting(consist) of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.‎ ‎②(福建卷)Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 这部微电影由两部分组成，介绍了我校的现状。‎ ‎③The micro film, which_consists_of/is_made_up_of/is_composed_of_two_parts,_introduces the present situation of our school. (定语从句)‎ ‎④The micro film, consisting_of/made_up_of/composed_of_two_parts,_introduces the present situation of our school. (分词作定语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of ‎ 由……组成 ‎(2)consist in(＝lie in) 在于；存在于……　‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Five people make up the team; in other words, the team consists of/is composed of/is made up of five people.‎ 五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说， 这个团队是由五个人组成的。‎ ‎[名师点津] consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态，常考其现在分词短语在句中作定语。类似的短语还有date from/back to, belong to等。‎ 39‎ ‎ lead to　引起，导致；通向 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·江苏卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited resources.‎ ‎②A lack of confidence can lead to your losing(lose) the chance to go abroad for further education. ‎ ‎③I’m wondering what has led you to_believe(believe) that not all roads lead to Rome.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)The girl led_the_way(领路), so we had no difficulty finding the house.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)With_the_girl_leading_the_way,_we had no difficulty finding the house.(with＋宾语＋宾补)‎ ‎ ‎(1)lead sb.to＋n. 带领某人到……；使某人 ‎ 得出(观点)‎ lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事 ‎(2)lead a．..life 过着……的生活 lead the way 引路，带路 ‎[名师点津] lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.ing 形式。表示“导致”的词汇还有：cause, result in, bring about。‎ ‎[词块助记] lead a happy/hard/comfortable/simple life过着幸福的/艰苦的/舒适的/简朴的生活 ‎ stand for　代表；主张，支持；容忍 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(湖北卷)Having been painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.‎ ‎②He is a man of strong selfrespect, so he can’t stand being_laughed(laugh) at in public.‎ 39‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 人们通常在中秋节吃代表幸福团圆的月饼。‎ ‎③People usually eat mooncakes which_stand_for_a_happy_reunion on MidAutumn Festival.(定语从句)‎ ‎④People usually eat mooncakes standing_for_a_happy_reunion on MidAutumn Festival.(分词短语作定语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)stand by 站在旁边；袖手 ‎ 旁观；支持 stand out 显著；突出 ‎(2)can’t stand (doing) sth. 不能忍受(做)某事 ‎[佳句背诵] The sickle and axe in the party flag stand for the working tools of workers and peasants.‎ 党旗中的镰刀和斧头代表工人和农民的劳动工具。‎ ‎[名师点津] 当表达“代表某人或团体”时，不能用stand for，可以用represent或者on behalf of。‎ ‎ That/This/It is why...意为“那/这就是……的原因”‎ ‎(教材P22)That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.‎ 那就是英语有那么多让人困惑的规则的原因。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(全国卷Ⅱ)However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.‎ ‎②He didn’t attend the meeting.That’s because he had an urgent thing to deal with.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们选择这部电影的原因是，它代表了我们亲爱的学校的发展，不仅有趣而且有意义。‎ 39‎ The_reason_why_we_choose_this_movie_is_that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. ‎ ‎ ‎(1)this/that is because ...　 这/那是因为……‎ ‎(2)this is the reason why... 这就是……的原因 ‎(3)the reason why...is that... ‎ ‎ ……的原因是……‎ ‎ (why引导定语从句)　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I have a good command of English and am easy to get along with. That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job.‎ 我英语很好，很容易相处。这就是我写信申请这份工作的原因。(2018·浙江卷6月) ‎ ‎ not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”‎ ‎(教材P38)Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.　并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Not all students obey the school rules, so as teachers, we should be strict with them.‎ ‎②(全国卷Ⅱ) It’s an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both．‎ ‎③(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 事实是并不是每个人都把时间管理看得很重要。‎ ‎④The truth is that not_everyone_is_attaching_great_importance_to time management.‎ ‎⑤The truth is that everyone_is_not_attaching_great_importance_to time management.‎ ‎ ‎(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, ‎ 39‎ whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”。 ‎ ‎(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them are not fit for them.＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.‎ 所有应聘者都得到工作是不可能的，因为他们并非都适合这些工作。‎ ‎ be of＋抽象名词 ‎(教材P39)While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.‎ 虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(全国卷Ⅰ) The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students.‎ ‎②Now I am very happy in the new school because I have a lot of good friends of an age.‎ ‎③The discovery of the new drug is of great importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎④(普通表达)This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.‎ ‎(高级表达)This reference book is of_no_use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.‎ ‎ ‎(1)be＋of＋抽象名词，该句式用来描述人或事物的特征，此结构在句中可作表语或定语；‎ ‎(2)“be of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great 39‎ 等词修饰；‎ ‎(3)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，这类名词包括size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，price，kind，type，shape，way，quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景而变复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。如果后面的名词前有不定冠词a/an，则这个冠词相当于the same。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] As we all know, having a balanced diet is of great benefit to us.‎ 众所周知，均衡饮食对我们非常有益。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．The bell indicating(indicate) the end of the period rang and we had to stop our discussion.‎ ‎2．A medical team of PLA，consisting (consist) of 30 people from the 302 Military Hospital of the PLA, was sent to fight the virus in Africa.‎ ‎3．—In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.‎ ‎—I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two combined(combine)．‎ ‎4．As we can see, online shopping has made a great contribution(contribute) to the development of express delivery industry.‎ ‎5．Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning(concern) his daily routine.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．Not all the students in our class enjoy listening to this kind of music.‎ ‎2．Making a good impression on the interviewers is of vital importance.‎ ‎3．His appearance of innocence distinguished him from other criminals.‎ ‎4．He was banned from attending the meeting for not having the permit.‎ ‎5．Worldwide, more than 2.3 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water since 1990.‎ 维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)‎ 39‎ ‎1．(2018·北京卷)Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8，000.筹集(资金)‎ ‎2．It is astonishing that the picture represents a hunting scene.描绘 ‎3．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible to the disabled.可进入的 ‎4．From the picture, we can see a tree with many branches, which stand for different kinds of abilities in school education.代表 ‎5．The football team, consisting of 22 players and 3 coaches, was set up about 3 years ago.由……组成 维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．I didn’t accept the job because it was badly paid and aside with that, it wasn’t very interesting.with→from ‎2．The firm wants to avoid any embarrassed questions about the boss.embarrassed→embarrassing ‎3．How could you just stand for and allow such a thing to happen？for→by ‎4．Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly from size and shape.from→in ‎5．Everyone wants to live in a beautiful and comfortable place, but not either know where it is.either→all ‎6．Voices were risen when the discussion became more heated.risen→raised ‎7．You might be entire mistaken by them in such conditions.entire→entirely ‎8．Hubble reached the conclusion the universe is expanding.在conclusion后加that 维度五　完成句子 ‎1．工人们正忙于建造新房子，所以他们现在不能给你帮忙。‎ The workers are_occupied_in_building_new_houses so they can’t give you a hand now.‎ ‎2．他迷恋电脑游戏， 那就是他为什么必须辍学的原因。‎ He is addicted to computer games; that’s_why_he_has_to_drop_out_of_school．‎ 39‎ ‎3．尽管她可能有时很烦人，但我还是喜欢她。‎ I like her, even_though_she_can_be_annoying_at_times．‎ ‎4．如果你不介意，在方便的时候给我打电话好吗？‎ Would you telephone me at_your_convenience_if_you_don’t_mind?‎ ‎5．虽然我们在性格上完全不同，我们仍然是不错的朋友。‎ Even though we completely differ_from_each_other_in_character,_we are still great friends.‎ ‎6．他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢古典音乐。‎ He likes pop music, while_I_am_fond_of_classical_music．‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ ‎(一)‎ The UK stands 1.for the United Kingdom, which consists 2.of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. As it’s far from continental Europe, its many customs and institutions differ 3.from European countries. On June 24, 2016, the UK broke away from European Union, which immediately 4.raised(raise) great concern and anxiety all over the world. This event became one of the hottest news of 2016.‎ ‎(二)‎ The volunteer has been 1.occupied(occupy) in helping many children to have access 2.to excellent education and he made great 3.contributions(contribute) to the educational career. 4.Therefore,_his deeds are well thought of.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①除了英国外，美国、澳大利亚也对英语的发展做出了重大贡献。‎ Aside_from Britain, the U．S.A. and Australia also have made_great_contributions_to the development of English.‎ ‎②他们的英语互不相同，他们不会误解。‎ Their English differs_from each other.They can’t be_mistaken．‎ 39‎ ‎③英语是很多国家的官方语言之一，在国际交流中起着重要的作用。‎ English is one_of_the_official_languages in many countries, which plays_an_important_part_in the international communication.‎ ‎④大部分的科学成果也都是用英语写的，学好英语是很有必要的。‎ Most scientific achievements are written in English. It_is_necessary_to_learn_English_well.‎ ‎⑤学英语很方便，因为很多网站都用英语。‎ It_is_convenient_to_learn_English in that many websites are in English.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑥用让步状语从句升级句②‎ Though_their_English_differs_from_each_other,_they_can’t_be_mistaken.‎ ‎⑦用“It is certain that...”结构升级句④‎ It_is_certain_that_most_scientific_achievements_are_written_in_English,_therefore__it__is_necessary_to_learn_English_well.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore, nowadays)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Aside from Britain, the U．S.A. and Australia also have made great contributions to the development of English.Though their English differs from each other, they can’t be mistaken.English is one of the official languages in many countries, which plays an important part in the international communication.It is certain that most scientific achievements are written in English, therefore it is necessary to learn English well.Nowadays, it is convenient to learn English in that many websites are in English.‎ 39‎ 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·安徽五校质检)‎ Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.‎ Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.‎ Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child,‎ 39‎ ‎ it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更加聪明、更加健康、更活跃；学习外语永远不迟。‎ ‎1．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To show that the family are bilinguals.‎ B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.‎ C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.‎ D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?‎ A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.‎ B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.‎ C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.‎ D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个大脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个大脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Disease.　 B．Disability.‎ C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.‎ C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”‎ 39‎ 尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．The left brain is more important for language learning.‎ B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.‎ C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.‎ D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一项研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明。它确实会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，学习语言会促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·郑州高三第二次质量预测)Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.‎ ‎“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.‎ He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinesespeaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.‎ Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.‎ ‎“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”‎ 39‎ Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.‎ At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。‎ ‎5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?‎ A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.‎ B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.‎ C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.‎ D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham认为学习普通话对他的未来职业有帮助，所以才决定学习普通话。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．‎ A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality A　解析：词义猜测题。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与A项含义相近。‎ ‎7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?‎ 39‎ A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.‎ B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.‎ C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.‎ D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据语境尤其是对第六段的整体理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。‎ ‎8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?‎ A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.‎ B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.‎ C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.‎ D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.‎ A　解析：主旨大意题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是普通话在美国学生中日益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选A。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2020·河北九校联考)As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I __1__ knew the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..‎ I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in __2__ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly __3__ in the teams. However, these classes became too __4__ for my parents when I was 13, leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not __5__ then, so I had no complaint.‎ ‎__6__ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in __7__ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my __8__ for dancing helped me learn how to be a(n) __9__ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and __10__ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I __11__ to take dance classes, I was able to be __12__ to my high school dance team.‎ 39‎ Over the next three years in the team I __13__ myself to be the best dancer. I managed to involve myself in every dance __14__； I also struggled with many __15__. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of __16__. However, my second competition season __17__ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which __18__ disturbs me constantly till today. Even so, I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to __19__ the first national championship title in the __20__ of the team!‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她学习舞蹈的经历，字里行间透露的是作者的毅力和决心。‎ ‎1．A.really B．merely C．suddenly D．barely D　解析：根据But的转折和后面的内容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..”可知，此处应用一个表示否定意义的副词，表示作者不知道接下来几年的舞蹈学习会教她这么多人生课程。barely“几乎不，几乎没有”，符合语境。‎ ‎2．A.various B．latest C．unique D．classical A　解析：根据下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on”可知，作者学跳各种(various)风格的舞蹈。latest“最新的”；unique“独特的”；classical“古典的”。‎ ‎3．A.worked out B．took out C．came out D．stood out D　解析：根据上文的“Due to my talent and hard work”可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奋，她很快在舞蹈队里脱颖而出。work out “锻炼身体，计算出”； take out “拿出，提取”； come out “出版，被获知，盛开”； stand out “出色，显眼”。‎ ‎4．A.deadly B．strange C．costly D．valuable C　解析：根据下文的“leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years”可知，此处表示因为舞蹈课的费用非常高，父母无力支付，因此作者停止了舞蹈学习。costly是形容词，表示“昂贵的”。‎ ‎5．A.happy B．content 39‎ C．comfortable D．secure C　解析：根据上文作者父母无力支付作者舞蹈学习费用的内容和下文的“so I had no complaint”可知，此处表示作者知道家里并不宽裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的”；content“满足的”；comfortable“宽裕的，富裕的”；secure“安全的，牢靠的”。‎ ‎6．A.Now that B．Even if C．As though D．Just when B　解析：根据主句“I used what I learned...develop my dancing skills”可以推断出，该空所在的从句是让步状语从句，故用Even if“尽管”。 ‎ ‎7．A.new B．primary C．previous D．final C　解析：根据上文可知，作者这几年没有上正规的舞蹈课，由此推断她用以前学到的舞蹈知识来进行练习。primary“主要的，基本的”；previous“先前的”；final“最终的”。‎ ‎8．A.energy B．admiration C．appreciation D．enthusiasm D　解析：根据上文可知，在不能上舞蹈课的情况下，作者还在坚持跳舞，由此可以推断出她对舞蹈饱含热情。energy “精力”；admiration “钦佩，羡慕”；appreciation “感激”；enthusiasm “热情”。‎ ‎9．A.instructor B．performer C．partner D．contributor A　解析：根据下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters”可知，对跳舞的热情帮助作者学习如何做一个教练。instructor “教练，导师”；performer “表演者”；partner “伙伴，同伴”；contributor “投稿人，捐献者”。‎ ‎10．A.spoke about B．backed up C．made up D．put on D　解析：根据空后的“my own shows for my family”可知，作者为家人表演节目。put on“上演”。‎ ‎11．A.attempted B．failed C．chose D．intended B　解析：根据第二段的最后两句可知，作者四年间没有上正规的舞蹈课，再联系本句中的“in the four years”可知，fail to do sth.“‎ 39‎ 未做某事”符合语境。attempt“尝试”；choose“选择”；intend“打算，计划”。‎ ‎12．A.admitted B．addicted C．adapted D．applied A　解析：根据下一段内容可知，作者成为校舞蹈队的成员，因此这里指作者被校舞蹈队录取。be admitted to“被……录取”。‎ ‎13．A.considered B．pushed C．warned D．expected B　解析：根据下文的“I managed” “I also struggled” “I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to...”可知，此处表示在校舞蹈队期间，作者督促自己做该队中最优秀的队员。push sb. to be/do...表示“督促某人成为……/做……”。consider“认为”；warn“告诫”；expect“期望”。‎ ‎14．A.examination B．campaign C．activity D．trial C　解析：根据语境可知，作者努力参与每一项校舞蹈队的舞蹈活动(activity)。‎ ‎15．A.injuries B．goals C．disagreements D．desires A　解析：根据下文的脚踝受伤、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞过程中作者曾多次受伤(injuries)。goal “目标”；disagreement “分歧”；desire “欲望”。‎ ‎16．A.recovery B．practice C．suffering D．learning A　解析：根据上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of ______”可推断出，此处指作者脚踝受伤之后花费数月恢复，故选recovery “恢复，康复”。practice “训练”；suffering “痛苦”；learning “学习”。‎ ‎17．A.cured B．caused C．defeated D．fought B　解析：根据上下文可知，第二个舞蹈赛季导致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。‎ ‎18．A.just B．also C．yet D．still D　解析：根据空后的“disturbs me constantly till today”可知，此处应表示这直至今天还困扰着作者，故用still。‎ 39‎ ‎19．A.approach B．understand C．win D．keep C　解析：即便有这么多伤痛，作者还是成功带领校舞蹈队赢得了校舞蹈队历史上第一个全国冠军头衔。根据句中的“national championship title”可知，此处用win。win the...title表示“获得……冠军头衔”。‎ ‎20．A.organization B．history C．charge D．imagination B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇语法填空 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·滁州高三模拟)Traveling to a foreign country can make you frightened if you don’t know the local language. Mr. Thibault has a number of tips to help travelers manage in a destination when they don’t speak the native tongue, based on his own experience. Here are a few of them.‎ ‎●Download a Language Translation App Mr. Thibault tends to rely on Google Translate and suggests that travelers find an app that works for them. Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.‎ ‎●Speak with Your Hands and Head Pointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country you’re in. “Gestures are all universally understood，” he said.‎ ‎●Learn a Few Key Words Knowing basic words and phrases like “hello”， “thank you” and “I’m sorry. I don’t speak your language. Do you speak English？” is a must, Mr. Thibault said. Showing that you care enough to learn some of the language before you go, and at least enough to acknowledge that you don’t know more, is a form of respect and 39‎ ‎ will go a long way to be liked by locals.‎ ‎●Work with a Local Travel Agent If you feel particularly uncomfortable in the country you’re headed to, and you have to go anyway, relying on a local travel agent who knows both your and your destination’s languages can be incredibly useful.‎ ‎●Hire a Local Tour Guide A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with. Whenever Mr. Thibault visits a new country, he books a sightseeing tour with a guide on the first day of his trip. “I use this day to learn about my destination and get familiar with the language，” he said.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章针对不会说外语的旅行者到国外旅游提出了几条建议，包括下载翻译软件、使用肢体语言、出发前学习关键词、利用当地旅行社的帮助以及雇用当地导游。‎ ‎1．In what situation should a language translation app be applied while traveling abroad?‎ A．When you have trouble pronouncing the words.‎ B．When you want to acknowledge your ignorance.‎ C．When you want to practice the local language.‎ D．When you feel uncomfortable in the country.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“a language translation app”定位至第二段，根据该段第二句“Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.”可知，在该语言使用你不熟悉的字符集或者你发音有困难时，你应当下载翻译软件，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What is the easiest way to communicate with foreigners according to the text?‎ A．Downloading a language translation app.‎ B．Learning a few key words.‎ C．Using body language.‎ D．Working with a guide.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Pointing with your hands and nodding or ‎ 39‎ shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country you’re in.”可知，使用双手、点头或摇头，是你和当地人交流的简单的方式；据此可推知，使用肢体语言是与当地人交流最简单的方式，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．How can you better understand the local language?‎ A．By speaking with your hands and head.‎ B．By learning a few key words.‎ C．By downloading a language translation app.‎ D．By hiring a local tour guide.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with.”可知，导游可以帮助你更好地掌握当地的语言，而且导游是你与其练习单词和短语的最佳人选，故D项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·石家庄高三质检)‎ Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.‎ The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless ‎ 39‎ words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.‎ The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.‎ Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.‎ However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。‎ ‎4．What’s the purpose of the new study?‎ A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.‎ B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.‎ C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.‎ D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，‎ 39‎ 该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Inform the result of the research.‎ B．State the process of the research.‎ C．Stress the importance of the research.‎ D．Introduce the subjects of the research.‎ B　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?‎ A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.‎ B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.‎ C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.‎ D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?‎ A．Give dogs oral commands.‎ B．Teach dogs new tricks.‎ C．Involve sight and smell.‎ D．Encourage faster learning.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2020·石家庄高三一模)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For ‎ 39‎ some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life. 1.________ If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.‎ Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 2.________ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.‎ ‎3．________ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.‎ Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4.________ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.‎ Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centres. 5.________‎ A．Libraries help people learn.‎ B．Libraries help educate the kids.‎ C．They create a great sense of community.‎ D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.‎ E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.‎ F．Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.‎ G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。图书馆随着时代发展，创造了一种社区意识。‎ 39‎ ‎1．G　解析：根据空前一句“For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。‎ ‎2．D　解析：根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”相呼应。‎ ‎3．A　解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.”可知，通过阅读，你可以一直拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．E　解析：根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。‎ ‎5．C　解析：根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2020·江西三校联考)Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not 1.____________(eat) meat and animal products. Vegetarians are people who don’t eat meat, while vegans are people who don’t eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles 2.____________(become) more wellknown in the UK. 3.____________ are Britons cutting their meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production 4.____________ the environment. 5.____________(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become 6.____________(healthy). According ‎ 39‎ to the Vegetarian Society, a meat－free diet can help reduce 7.____________ risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.‎ Organic farming is 8.____________ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified (转基因的) food and want their food to be 9.____________(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat 10.____________(produce) without the use of drugs.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了英国正在流行的两大趋势，即素食主义和有机农业。‎ ‎1．to eat　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为固定搭配decide not to do sth.“决定不做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎2．are becoming　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼应可知，此处用现在进行时，表示现在的一种趋势，且与句子主语的复数形式保持一致，故用are becoming。‎ ‎3．Why　解析：考查疑问副词。与语境中的问号呼应，并结合下文的内容可推知，此处表示对原因的疑问，故用特殊疑问词Why。‎ ‎4．on　解析：考查介词。effect on sb./sth.意为“对某人/某(事)物有影响”，为固定搭配，故用介词on。‎ ‎5．Worries　解析：考查名词的单复数。worry为可数名词时，意为“令人担忧的事”，且根据语境及该句中的have可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语。‎ ‎6．healthier　解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：为了变得更健康，其他一些人选择改变他们的饮食习惯。此处包含一个比较的概念，故用形容词比较级形式作become的表语。‎ ‎7．the　解析：考查冠词。risk被介词短语of certain cancers修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。‎ ‎8．another　解析：考查限定词。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼应可知，此处表示另外一种兴起的趋势，故用限定词another修饰名词trend，表示“再一，另一”。‎ ‎9．organically　解析：考查副词。修饰动词用副词，故用副词organically修饰动词produced。‎ ‎10．is produced　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，produce与句子主语Organic meat是被动关系，且表示客观叙述，故用其一般现在时的被动语态形式。‎ 39‎ 39‎