2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习练习：写作突破 第二讲　简单句的5种基本句式 Word版含解析 5页

第二讲 简单句的 5 种基本句式 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句 式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。五种基 本句式如下： ①主语＋谓语(不及物动词)。 ②主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语。 ③主语＋系动词＋表语。 ④主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 ⑤主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。 Ⅰ. 主语＋谓语（不及物动词） 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动 词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、 介词短语、状语从句等。 ①First of all，you had better arrive ahead of time. 首先， 你最好提前到。 ②Both teams train for two hours a day. 两支球队每天都训练 2 个小时。 [即学即练] 标出下列句子的主语、谓语。 1．In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard. 在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。 2．The Dragon Boat Training Camp will open on July 20th. 龙舟训练营将于 7 月 20 日开始。 3．Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. 因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。 答案： 1．In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard． 2．The Dragon Boat Training Camp will open on July 20th． 3．Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. Ⅱ. 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语 该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动 名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。 ① I am very glad to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend． 得知你的中国朋友邀请你参加晚宴我很高兴。 ②I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.我计 划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。 ③ I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much. 我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。 ④As we all know，Chinese papercutting has a long history of over 1，500 years. 众所周知，中国剪纸有 1 500 多年历史。 [即学即练] 标出下列句子的主语、谓语和宾语。 1．Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently. 最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。 2．At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift. 十二岁时，我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。 答案： 1．Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently. 2．At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift. Ⅲ. 主语＋系动词＋表语 该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎 么样，系动词主要是 be 动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词 短语、不定式、动名词等。 ①I am on the volleyball team． 我在校排球队。 ②This__is surely a good chance for more people to see them. 对于更多的人来说这确实是观看的一次好机会。 ③ The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. 我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。 ④A wide range of papercuttings are on show． 大量的剪纸在展览。 [即学即练] 标出下列句子的主语、系动词、表语。 1．In my opinion，a person without friends will never be happy. 在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。 2．Nowadays，afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. 现在，在中学课外活动正变得越来越受欢迎。 答案： 1．In my opinion，a person without friends will never be happy． 2．Nowadays，afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. Ⅳ. 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个 是表示人的间接宾语用“ 标出”；一个是表示物的直接宾语用 “ ”标出。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。 ①Now, on behalf of my schoolmates，I wish you a safe return． 现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平安。 ② At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection． 同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。 [即学即练] 标出下列句子的主语、谓语和双宾语。 1．Mr Green will give us a speech on how to learn English well. 格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们做一场报告。 2．Fortunately，she promised me another chance to interview. 幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。 3．It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. 它给像你我这样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和学习中国文化的 机会。 答案： 1．Mr Green will give us a speech on how to learn English well. 2．Fortunately，she promised me another chance to interview. 3．It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. Ⅴ. 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语 该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达 完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。 ①In fact, he inspires me 〈to major in English in college〉． 事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。 ② Your contribution will certainly make the event 〈 a huge success〉． 你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。 [即学即练] 标出下列句子的主语、谓语、宾语和宾语补足语。 1．As a high school student，I consider English a very important subject. 作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。 2．People have regarded getting up early as a good habit since ancient times. 从古代起，人们就把早起视为好习惯。 答案： 1．As a high school student，I consider English 〈a very important subject〉． 2．People have regarded getting up early 〈as a good habit〉 since ancient times.