2020届二轮复习词汇之合成、转化 3页

‎2020届二轮复习 词汇之合成、转化 ‎【技能讲解】　合成法——两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的方法；转化法——不改变词形，把一个词由一种词性转用为另一种词性的方法。‎ 典例剖析 ‎1．合成 通过原来认识的词可以推测出新合成的词的意思，如：‎ teamwork 合作， underground 地铁，‎ fatherinlaw 岳父， updated 最新的，‎ illmannered 不礼貌的，‎ twofaced 两面派的，‎ ironwilled 有钢铁意志的，‎ airconditioner 空调，‎ alarm clock 闹钟，‎ bookmark 书签，‎ generation gap 代沟，‎ bank account 银行账户，‎ babysitter 看孩子的人。‎ ‎2．转化 不改变词形，但改变词性，转化后的词意可能与原词义相关也可能不相关，需要有意地识记。如：‎ look v.→n. ＝ have a book survey v. →n. ＝make a survey walk v. →n. ＝take a walk visit v. →n. ＝pay a visit button n.→v. 扣钮扣 book n.→v. 预订 seat n.→v. 容纳 back n.→v. 支持 slow adj. →v. 减慢 warm adj. →v. 使温暖/暖和 narrow adj. →v. 缩小 private adj. →n. 士兵 plant v. →n. 工厂，植物 技能演练 In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.[2015·浙江高考，C篇]‎ 答案：v. 使成为空的，把……弄空　v. 反射，反映 ‎2．Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. [2015·安徽高考，E篇]‎ togetherness: ________‎ 答案：n. 团结和睦 ‎3．Surround yourself with people who uplift,_encourage and understand you! Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering！[2015.福建高考，E篇]‎ 答案：v. 使上升，振作　adj. 使有能力的，给予力量的 ‎4．So one day, just to see what she would do, I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head, Again, not a move.[2015·四川高考，完形]‎ 答案：v. 放置　n. 移动 ‎5．Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.‎ negativity: ________‎ 答案：n. 消极性 ‎6．Several years ago I received a letter from seventeenyearold Kerry, ‎ who described herself as a worldclass faultfinder,_almost always bothered by things.[2015·福建高考，完形]‎ worldclass: ________‎ faultfinder: ________‎ 答案：adj. 世界级的，国际水平的　n. 挑剔的人 ‎7．When it comes to insect pests, red fire ants would probably top everyone's list.‎ top: ________‎ 答案：vt. 居……之首，为……之冠 ‎8．First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freely voice your opinion.‎ voice: ________‎ 答案：vt. 用语言表达，说出 ‎9．Yes, I was blessed; it wasn't a material one, but the kind that will warm my heart forever.‎ warm: ________.‎ 答案：vt. 使温暖 ‎10．Suddenly she felt tears flooded her eyes.‎ flood: ________‎ 答案：vt. 大量涌入