【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气（4页word版） 4页

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。‎ 一、虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式 ‎1. 用在虚拟条件句中 虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下:‎ 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 were,did would (should, could, might) +v 与将来事实相反 ‎（可能性极小）‎ should do,‎ were+to+v would (should, could, might) +v 与过去事实相反 had done would (should, could, might) + have done ‎ ‎ 例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.‎ 例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.‎ 例3：She would have come if we had invited her.‎ 注：如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。例如：‎ ‎1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.‎ ‎2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.‎ ‎3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.‎ ‎2. 用在含蓄条件句中 句子中，假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来，而是用一个介词短语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。‎ 这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：‎ ‎1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.‎ ‎2)But for your help, we would have failed.‎ ‎3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.‎ ‎4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.‎ ‎3.用在错综时间条件句中 有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如：‎ ‎1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在情况相反)‎ ‎2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)‎ ‎4.用在wish后的宾语从句中 这种句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。例如：‎ ‎1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反)‎ ‎2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反)‎ ‎3)I wish he would try again.(对将来情况的假设)‎ 若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。例如：‎ ‎1)I wish you would help us.‎ ‎2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.‎ ‎5.用在if only感叹句中 当表示“但愿”，“要是…就好”时，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一时很难实现的愿望。例如：‎ ‎1)If only I knew what you wanted.‎ ‎2)If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.‎ ‎6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中 当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时，用过去完成时;当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，用一般过去时。例如：‎ ‎1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.‎ ‎2)It seems as if it were spring.‎ ‎7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中 例1：He was the very person I should have been wished to see.‎ 例2：It’s (high) time that we went to class.‎ ‎8.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择，仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中 例1：I’d rather they came tomorrow.‎ 例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea.‎ 例3：I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening.‎ 但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等惯用语如用在简单句中，其后都用不加to的动词不定式。例如：‎ ‎1)I’d rather die than give up my principle.‎ ‎2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals.‎ 二、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 ‎1. should +动词原形(有时省略should)‎ ‎(1)用在动词如advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等后的宾语从句中。例如：‎ ‎1)They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.‎ ‎2)She urged that he write and accept the post.‎ ‎(2)用在it is suggested, it is desired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it has been decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。例如：‎ ‎1)It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.‎ ‎2)It is necessary that the teacher (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.‎ ‎(3)用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句和同位语从句 例如：He put his coat over the child lest he should catch cold.‎ ‎2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.‎ ‎3.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句 例如：It is high time you handed in your test paper.‎ ‎4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1：I wish I were as strong as you.‎ 例2：He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.‎ ‎5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中 例1：Could you spare me a few minutes?‎ 例2：You might have told me earlier.‎ 例3：Hadn’t you better go and see you dentist about that tooth?‎ ‎6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中 例1：Long live world peace.‎ 例2：May you succeed.‎